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17 views11 pages

Digitalclock

Uploaded by

iamnothing9744
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

MUTHOOT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE


Ernakulam - 682 308

JUNE 2023

DIGITAL CLOCK

Course project report

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

by

MARIA MATHEW(Reg. No: MUT21EE041)


MILAN ELDHO BABU(Reg. No: MUT21EE042)
MOHAMMED ASLAM C S(Reg. No: MUT21EE043)
MOHAMMED BILAL(Reg. No: MUT21EE044)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report entitled “DIGITAL CLOCK” is a bonafide record of
the course project report of EEL203 Analog Electronics lab presented by MARIA
MATHEW(Reg. No: MUT21EE041), MILAN ELDHO BABU(Reg. No: MUT21EE042), MOHAMMED
ASLAM C S(Reg. No: MUT21EE043), MOHAMMED BILAL(Reg. No: MUT21EE044) in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from APJ Abdul Kalam
Technological University.

(signature)

Faculty in charge
BREEZA PAULOSE
Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Place: Varikoli
Date:26 June 2023 Department seal
Introduction:

Digital clocks typically use the 50 or 60 hertz


oscillation of AC power or a 32,768 hertz
crystal oscillator as in a quartz clock to keep
time. •Most digital clocks display the hour of
the day in 24-hour format; in the United States
and a few other countries, a commonly used
hour sequence option is 12-hour format (with
some indication of AM or PM)
Working
The working of the circuit starts with the 555 timer
where it was wired as a monostable Multivibrator. The
555 timer generate clock pulse after a second and output
of 555 is connected to pin 1 of IC 4026 which is a seven
segment display decade counter which is used to drive a
7 segment display with input clock pulse. Here the clock
pulse was obtained from the monostable multivibrator
and fed into the pin 1 of first ic 4026. Pin 2 was usually
grounded since giving high signal to this pin will inhibit
the input clock signal to pin 1 and pin 3(Enable Clock) is
always taken High.

Initially when the circuit is switched ON the 7 segments


will indicate "00:00:00" count and as soon as the
negative trigger was given to 555 high pulse will be
obtained from pin 3. The high pulse was fed to first IC
and therefore it increments its count with each clock,
displaying 1 to 9 in its seven segment. As soon as 10
counts was incremented by IC a high to low signal was
obtained from its pin 5 which indicates the completion of
ten increments.

The pin 5 was connected to the clock pin of the next


4026 IC. Therefore whenever 10 counts was completed
by the 7 segment, the high to low signal at the pin 5 will
feed a single clock pulse input to the second IC and
therefore the corresponding 7 segment will be
incremented one value. For a digital clock we must reset
second IC when it reach to number 6 because we want
seconds count up to "59" therefore we used NOR GATE.
In the same manner fourth IC will count from 0 to 6 and
then value in the fifth IC will be incremented by one. This
is all about for seconds and minute of clock. Now for
hours we must reset fifth and sixth IC when number
reached to “23” .
System description:
1. CD 4026: CD 4026 is a CMOS integrated circuit that is
commonly used as a 4-bit binary counter and 7-segment
display driver. It can count from 0 to 9 and drive a 7-
segment display to show the corresponding digits. It is
often used in applications such as digital clocks,
scoreboards, and counters.

2. 7402: The 7402 is a quad 2-input NOR gate, which is a


digital logic gate that performs the NOR operation on
two inputs. It has four separate NOR gates in a single IC
package. NOR gates are commonly used in logic circuits
to implement Boolean expressions and perform logical
operations such as inversion and ORing.

3. 7404: The 7404 is a hex inverter, which is a digital logic


gate that performs the inversion of its input. It has six
separate inverters in a single IC package. Inverters are
widely used in digital circuits for signal inversion, level
shifting, and buffering.

4. 7408: The 7408 is a quad 2-input AND gate, which is a


digital logic gate that performs the AND operation on two
inputs. It has four separate AND gates in a single IC
package. AND gates are fundamental building blocks in
digital logic design and are used to implement logical
operations such as multiplication and logical conjunction.
5. 7432: The 7432 is a quad 2-input OR gate, which is a
digital logic gate that performs the OR operation on two
inputs. It has four separate OR gates in a single IC
package. OR gates are widely used in digital circuits to
implement logical operations such as logical disjunction
and logical addition.
6. SEVEN-SEGMENT DISPLAY: Seven-segment displays are
electronic display devices used as an easy way to display
decimal numerals and an alternative to the more complex
dot-matrix displays. Seven-segment displays first became
widely used as a popular way of displaying numbers. They
are called segment displays because they are composed
of several segments that switch on and off to give the
appearance of the desired glyph. The segments are
usually single LEDs or liquid crystals. Seven-segment
displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic
meters, basic calculators, displays in home appliances,
cars, and various other electronic devices that display
numerical information
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

IC 4026 IC 7402

IC 7404 IC 7408

IC 7432 7 – SEGMENT DISPLAY

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
RESULT
Project successfully completed
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this project has explored the topic of Integrated circuit
in depth. We have learned about the current state of how IC works .
We have also considered the implications of IC for our own lives and
the world around us.

Overall, this project has been a valuable learning experience. We


have gained a deeper understanding of the Karnaugh map,
designing of IC, and its importance. We have also developed our
research skills and our ability to think critically about complex issues.

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