The earliest form of A portable Indian shelter

human
settlement

A cave in France A clochán is a stone

containing wall paintings beehive-shaped hut with a
and engravings of corbelled roof, commonly
Paleolithic humans associated with the Irish
thought to date from c. coastline in Kerry, Ireland.
13,000-8,500 BCE.

A traditional rendered An American Indian

stone dwelling in Apulia, dwelling, usually of round
southern Italy, in which or oval shape, formed of
square chambers are poles overlaid with bark,
roofed with conical rush mats, or animal
vaulted roofs. skins.

An Eskimo house, usually

Villages were connected
built of blocks of hard
by shared mortuary and
snow or ice in the shape
goddess ritual centers.
of a dome, or when
permanent, of sod, wood,
or stone.
 ROCK CAVES

TIPI

BEEHI LAS
VE HUT CAUX CAVE

WIGWA TRULL
M O

RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES

IGLOO
Monolith; A prehistoric
a large stone that forms a
monument consisting of
prehistoric monument
an upright stone, usually
(e.g., a menhir) or part of
standing alone but
one (e.g., a stone circle or
sometimes aligned with
chamber tomb)
others in parallel rows.

A prehistoric monument
consisting of two or more
Three standing stones,
large upright stones
two on the sides and one
supporting a horizontal
at the back.
stone slab or capstone,
and usually regarded as a
tomb.

An artificial mound of A structure consisting of

earth or stone, especially two upright stones
over an ancient grave. supporting a horizontal
Also called barrow. lintel.

A megalithic monument
A circular arrangement of consisting of four
megaliths enclosing a concentric rings of
dolmen or burial mound. trilithons and menhirs
centered around an altar
stone.
 MEGALITHS MENHIR

D COVE
OLMEN

TRILITHON
TUMULUS

S
CROMLECH TONEHENGE
 One of the world's oldest
History of Architecture continually-inhabited city.
(HOA)

Largest and most well-

preserved Neolithic
One of the earliest village. Consisted of
Neolithic village. rectangular flat-roofed
houses packed together
into a single architectural
mass

From the Greek words Characterized by

mesos and potamas, monumental temples of
meaning “middle river.” sun-dried brick faced with
Refers to the fertile plain burnt or glazed brick,
between the Tigris and often built upon the ruins
Euphrates rivers. of their predecessors.

Stepped structures
constructed with outside
staircases and a temple or The last great
shrine at the top for Mesopotamian city-empire
worshipping the gods of of the ancient age.
nature.
 JERICHO

KHIROKITIA CATAL HUYUK

SUMERIAN MESOPOTAMIA

BABYLONIAN ZIGGURAT
 Architecture was
characterized by mud- An apprtment in an
brick buildings. Stone was Assyrian Palace also
used for carved referred as the private
monumental decorative chamber.
sculptures.

Characterized by a
synthesis of architectural
elements of surrounding “The city of the Persians”
countries, such as Assyria,
Egypt, and Ionian Greece.

Characterized by the axial

planning of massive masonry
tombs and temples, the use of A tomb for the nobility or
trabeated construction with members of the royal
precise stonework, and the family.
decoration of battered walls
with pictographic carvings in
relief.

Base on the image below, what

part of Mastaba is number 9 called
?

An edifice or place
dedicated to the worship
or presence of a deity.
 HAREM ASSYRIAN

PERSEPOLIS PERSIAN

MASTABA EGYPTIAN

TEMPLE SARCOPHAGUS
 An ancient Egyptian An ancient Egyptian
temple for offerings and temple for the worship of
worship of a deceased a deity.
person, usually a deified
king.

An Egyptian monolithic
four-sided standing stone,
tapering to a pyramidical A figure of an imaginary
cap (a pyramidion), often creature having the body
inscribed with hieroglyphs of a lion and the head of a
and erected as a man, ram, or hawk.
monument.

A gateway guarding a
A large hall having many sacred precinct consisting
columns in rows of either a pair of tall
supporting a flat roof, and truncated pyramids and a
sometimes a clerestory. doorway between them,
often decorated with
painted reliefs.

A massive masonry
structure having a A freestanding stone
rectangular base and four canopy structure
smooth, steeply sloping supported by columns in
sides facing the cardinal Egyptian architecture.
points and meeting at an
apex.
CULT TEMPLE MORTUARY TEMPLE

SPHI OB
NX ELISK

H
PYLON YPOSTYLE HALL

PYRAMID

KIOS
K
What are the three forms The first architect
of pyramid? recorded in history.

Erected on the west bank

of Nile River; built of local
stone on a core of rock A pyramid-type whose
with casing blocks of sides are stepped with
limestone; 480 feet tall tiers rather than smooth,
with a square base in Egypt predating the
measuring 756 feet on a true pyramids
side.

Major public buildings

were built with limestone A Bronze Age civilization
and marble. Blocks of flourished in Crete.
stone were held in place Named after King Minos of
by bronze or iron pins set Knossos.
into molten lead.

single-storey dwelling with

What are the three phases a central room and
of Greek Architecture porticoed entrance;
columns support roof;
thalamus (bedroom).
  BENT PYRAMID
 STEP PYRAMID
 STRAIGHT-SIDED/
SLOPED PYRAMID
IMHOTE
P

ST P
EP PYRAMID YRAMIDS OF GIZA

MINOAN
GREEK

 AEGEAN
 HELLENIC
MEGARON
 HELLENISTIC
 "City on the height." In
classical Greek
The sacred area or architecture, a city
enclosure surrounding a stronghold or fortress
classical Greek temple. constructed on higher
ground than surrounding
urban fabric.

A monumental gateway to
Built from 447-438 B.C. in a sacred enclosure,
honor of Athena, the city’s fortification, town or
patron goddess. square.

What are the orders of An order is one of the

ancient Greek classical predominating styles in
architecture? classical architecture.

Named after the city of

Also kore, a carved statue Corinth, where sculptor
of a draped female figure Callimachus supposedly
which functions as a invented it after he
column. spotted boblet surrounded
by leaves.
 TEMENOS

A
CROPOLIS

PROPYLAEA

PAR
THENON

 IONIC
THE GREEK ORDERS  DORIC
 CORINTHIAN

CORINTHIAN

CARYATID
 Designed for the A market or meeting place
presentation of plays in in a Greek city, the hub of
which choral songs and public life where the most
dances were prominent important public buildings
features. were situated.

An ancient Greek
elongated sports venue Senate house; A public
with rounded ends, town hall for the citizens
surrounded on all sides by of ancient Greece,
banked spectator stands; containing state banquet
venue for foot racing. halls and hospitality
suites.

A Greek dwelling-type
whose open courtyard is An ancient Greek centre
surrounded by colonnades for sports, with buildings,
on all sides, often more playing areas and baths.
luxurious than a prostas
or pastas house.

A rectilinear town layout in

Influenced by the which blocks of dwellings
Etruscans, and combined are divided up by narrow
side streets linked together
their use of the arch,
by wider main roads,
vault, and dome with the
developed by the Ionian
Greeks’ columns.
Hippodamus of Miletus in
the 5th century BC.
 TH
AGORA EATRON

PRYTA STADIO
NEION N

PERISTYLE

GY
MNASION

HIPPODAMIAN GRID ROMAN

SYSTEM
 A Roman building-type,
used as a meeting place, Oldest forum in Rome
courthouse, marketplace,
and lecture hall.

A classical arena for

gladiatorial contests and
spectacles consisting of
A Roman theatre building an oval or round space
or structure surrounded by tiered
seating for spectators.

A large arched monument

In Roman architecture, a constructed in a public
long U-shaped or enclosed urban place to
arena for chariot and commemorate a great
horse racing; Greek event, usually a victory in
hippodrome. war.

A bridge or other structure

designed to convey fresh
water, usually a canal or
Main storm drainage
river supported by piers
system; one of the world’s
and arches, or a tunnel;
earliest sewage system.
from the Latin, aquae
ductus, ‘conveyance of
water’.
FORUM ROMANUM BASI
LICA

AMP THE
HITHEATER ATRUM

TRIUM CI
PHAL ARCH RCUS

AQUE DRAI
DUCT NAGE
 A Roman dwelling type in
which the building mass A Roman masonry and
surrounds a main central concrete tenement block
space, the atrium, open to for the labouring classes
the sky.

A main part of an Early The final phase of Roman

Christian Basilica also architecture. Christianity
referred to as “central became the state religion.
aisle”

Circular or polygonal plans A space, area or separate

for churches, tombs, and building of a church or
baptisteries. cathedral, containing a
font where baptism takes
place.

Characterized by masonry
construction, round
Also called “Roman-like” arches, shallow domes
architecture. known in carried on pendentives,
England as Norman and the extensive use of
architecture. rich frescoes, and colored
glass mosaics to cover
whole interiors.
 INS ATRI
ULA UM HOUSE

EARLY CHRISTIAN NAVE

BYZANTINE
ARCHITECTURE

BAPTISTE
RY

BYZANTINE ROMANESQUE
ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE
 Referred as “Style
Ogivale”. Progressive
A large and principal lightening and
church of a diocese heightening of structure
(made possible by the
flying buttress)

What is the figure shown

below?
A vault constructed of
structural arched stone
members or ribs with an
infill of masonry.

Also known as Lancet,

First Pointed or Early
Plantagenet. Use of A rib crossing a
lancet-shaped arches and compartment of a rib
plate tracery (tracery vault on a diagonal.
using masonry into which
shapes has been cut).

What is the name of the

structure shown below?

What are the three Phases

of French Gothic?
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE CATHEDRAL

FLYING BUTTRESSES RIB/RIBBED VAULT

DIAGONAL RIB EARLY ENGLISH

 A LANCETTES
NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL
 RAYONANT
 FLAMBOYANT
 Developed during the
3 Phases of renaissance
rebirth of classical art and
Architecture
learning in Europe.

Who is the architect of of

the structure below?

Adoption of Classical
detail and ornamentation.

Who designed the

structure shown below?
The pinnacle of classical
simplicity and harmony in
Renaissance art and
architecture.

What is the name of the

French word meaning structure below?
bizarre, fantastic, or
irregular. It was deliberate
in its attempt to impress,
and was most lavish of all
styles.
 RENAISSANCE  EARLY RENAISSANCE
ARCHITECTURE  HIGH RENAISSANCE
 LATE RENAISSANCE

EARLY RENAISSANCE LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI

HIGH RENAISSANCE ANDREA PALLADIO

ST. PETER’S CATHEDRAL, BAROQUE

VATICAN CITY
 Final phase of the Revival of using Greek and
Baroque; It was Roman orders as
associated with lightness, decorative motifs. Simple,
swirling forms, flowing strongly geometric
lines, ornate stucco work, composition.
and arabesque ornament.

Symmetrical plans and

Revived the spirit and eclectic use of
forms of Gothic architectural features.
architecture. Often gives a massive,
elaborate, and
ostentatious effect.

An approach to urban
planning characterized by
monumentally placed
Who is the proponent of buildings, grand
City Beautiful Movement? promenades, spacious
plazas, and classical
sculpture.

The invention of elevator

and more sophisticated
heating, plumbing, and Who is the architect that
electric lighting systems said “Form follows
made the higher spaces function”?
as accessible and
comfortable as the lower
ones.
 NEOCLASSICISM ROCOCO

BEAUX-ARTS ECLECTICISM
GOTHIC REVIVAL

CITY BEAUTIFUL
MOVEMENT DANIEL BURNHAM

LOUIS SULLIVAN SKYSCRAPERS

 What is the name of the
structure below?
This architect believed
that buildings should be
spread out horizontally?

Also called Style Moderne. “New Art;” based on the

Uses bold colors and return to craftsmanship
synthetic materials and the integration of art,
(plastics). design, and architecture.

He combined Moorish and

Gothic elements with A European movement
naturalistic forms, their that generated jagged
textured, undulating and dynamic forms in
shapes recall waves, sea both painting and
coral, and fish bones. architecture.

“The Style”; use of black

and white with the Expression of construction
primary colors rectangular was to be the basis for all
forms, and asymmetry building design;
(inspired by a Mondrian emphasizes on functional
painting). machine parts.
 FALLINGWATER
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
(KAUFFMAN HOUSE)

ART NOUVEAU ART DECO

EXPRESSIONISM ANTONI GAUDI

CONSTRUCTIVISM DE STIJL
 A building should be
functional, harmonizes Who is the architect that
with its natural said “The house is a
environment, and forms machine for living”?
an integrated whole.

What is the name of the

structure below?

What are the five points of

architecture?

Best known for developing

boxy, steel-and-glass A renewed appreciation
architecture for nearly for the rich traditions of
every purpose - from architecture past.
houses to skyscrapers.

Where is this structure

located? Once an advocate of the
International Style,
became one of
postmodernism’s biggest
promoters.
 LE CORBUSIER ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE

 PILOTIS
 OPEN PLAN
 FREE FAÇADE VILLA SAVOYE
 RIBBON WINDOWS
 ROOF GARDEN

POSTMODERNISM MIES VAN DER ROHE

PHILIP JOHNSON VIRGINIA

 This 5 architects are Used to describe massive
leading the modern modern architecture built
revival group, also of reinforced concrete,
referred as the New York with the concrete’s rough,
Five abrasive surfaces left
exposed.

Using the technology of Using bent, angled and

building in a highly exploded forms to
expressive way. represent the uncertainty
of our times.

Sustainable design,
considering land use,
transportation issues, Characterized by Hindu
energy efficiency, indoor and Buddhist monuments
ecology and waste
reduction when designing
buildings.

A Buddhist memorial
mound to enshrine a relic
Large underground or of Buddha. Dome-shaped
partly underground mound on a platform,
chamber used by the men crowned by a chattri,
for religious ceremonies or surrounded by an
councils. ambulatory (stone
vedika), with four toranas.
  PETER EISENMAN
 MICHAEL GRAVES
BRUTALISM
 CHARLES GWATHMEY
 JOHN HEJDUK
 RICHARD MEIER

DECONSTRUCTIVISM HIGH TECH

INDIAN ARCHITECTURE GREEN ARCHITECTURE

STUPA KIVA
 Belief in a Supreme Being
Elaborately carved, and adherence to certain
ceremonial gateway in concepts such as Truth,
Indian Buddhist and Hindu dharma, karma,
architecture with two or reincarnation, and belief
three lintels between two in the authority of the
posts. Vedas (sacred scriptures).

What is the name of the

structure below? A smaller temple, inner
space does not reveal
which deity might have
been the object of
worship.

Diverse architecture
Characterized by pit
caused by differences in
dwellings and fine pottery
geographic and climatic
painted in geometric
conditions. System of
designs.
wood frame construction.

Monumental gateway to a
palace, tomb, or sacred A Chinese pagoda.
place in China
 HINDUISM TORANA

PAWON TEMPLE ANGKOR WAT

YANG-SHAO CHINESE ARCHITECTURE

TA PAILOU
 A palace complex
Fortified wall to protect including temples,
China against nomads reception halls,
from the north. residences, and service
buildings in China.

Interlocking bracket
system used in traditional The interaction of two
Chinese construction to opposing and
support roof beams. complementary principles

Characterized by a
Modification and synthesis of seminal ideas
naturalization of ideas and from China and native
institutions introduced conditions producing a
from China. distinct style.

Monumental freestanding Style of Shinto shrine

gateway on the approach embodying the original
to a Shinto shrine. style of Japanese building.
 FO G
RBIDDEN CITY REAT WALL OF CHINA

DOUGONG

Y
IN-YANG

JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE
HEIAN PERIOD

SHIMMEI-ZUKURI TORII
 Japanese pagoda, also
butto or toba. “The White Heron.”

A linear unit for regulating

column spacing in
Mosque as a distinct
traditional Japanese
building type.
construction.

Muslim building or place Genral term for a mosque

of public worship.

“Place of (community) Tower attached to the

prayer”; A great open mosque; where the
praying area with nothing muezzin calls the Muslim
but a qibla wall and a people to prayer.
mihrab.
 S

HIMEJI CASTLE
TO

ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE KEN

MASJID MOSQUE

IDGAH
MINARET
 blended traditions from
Islamic architecture of India and Islam. (Mughal
North Africa (regions of Period, golden age of
Spain under Moorish Islamic architecture in
domination). northern India.)

Built by Shah Jahan as a Using bent, angled and

tomb for his wife, Mumtaz exploded forms to
Mahal. Also called “Crown represent the uncertainty
Palace” of our times.

The site to first establish Indigenous Filipinos who

the presence of humans in still continue the primeval
the Philippines during the practice of living in caves
Pleistocene. to his date.

What is the name of the

structure below?

Rock-hewn fortresses in
Batanes.
MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE MOORISH ARCHITECTURE

TAJ MAAHAL HIGH TECH

TAU’T BATU
THE TABON CAVE

KALINGA TREE HOUSE

IDJANG
 Exemplifies the commonest
building techniques based
Traditional Isneg house. on the forms and materials
of a particular historical
period, region, or group of
people..

Traditional lowland
dwelling, northern and Traditional Kankanai
central regions. house, for the wealthy.

Traditional Maranao
house, ancestral Traditional Badjao boat-
residence of the datu and house.
his extended family.

A system of streets and

blocks laid out in a grid
pattern, with uniform
Forced urbanization and
precision.
resettlement.
 BINURON

VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE

BINANGIYAN
BAHAY KUBO

LEPA TOROGAN

CUADRICULA
REDUCCION
 Grid pattern of streets Characterized by heavy
with the main plaza at the stone walls, moats, and
center surrounded by the grid road layouts.
church, the tribunal, other Bastions, keeps, and
government buildings, watchtowers were also
and the marketplace. built to cover blind spots.

Oldest established
university in Asia. The oldest lighthouse in
the Philippines; also
known as the San Nicolas
lighthouse.

A housing prototype which

A new hybrid-type of
combined elements of the
construction, coined by
indigenous and Hispanic
Jesuit Francisco Ignacio
building traditions to
Alcina, which refers to
prevent the dangers
structures built partly of
posed by fire, earthquakes
wood and partly of stone.
and cyclones.

Familiar local architecture

icons from Hispanized The main American
colonial structures ground unit in the
overlaid with a Philippines.
neoclassical massing.
 FORTRESSES PLAZA COMPLEX

THE PASIG FAROLA UNIVERSITY OF STO.

TOMAS, MANILA

ARQUITECTURA MESTIZA BAHAY NA BATO

TROPICAL HYBRID DESIGN

FORT WILLIAM MCKINLEY
 Way of introducing the trussed bars were placed
concept of toilet among within concrete moulds for
the dwellers of the bahay floor slabs and beams.
kubo.

scholarship launched by
Set of mass-produced the government that
model schoolhouses. allowed Filipino students
to pursue university
education in the United
States.

First Filipino architect with First registered architect

an academic degree from in the Philippines
abroad

First Filipino to be
the first architectural employed by the
school in the Philippines. Americans as one of their
architectural advisors.
 CUBETA
KAHN TRUSS SYSTEM

PENSIONADO PROGRAM GABALDON

SCHOOLHOUSES

TOMAS MAPUA CARLOS BARETTO

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF
ARCADIO ARELLANO TECHNOLOGY, 1925
 Aims to provide the
He also became president workingmen and
of the Philippine Institute permanent employees
of Architects. with homes at reasonable
cost.

Type of architecture Capital cities, institutional

thatprovided the image buildings, and national
that represented growth, monuments as symbols of
progress, advancement, national power.
and decolonization.

Significant events in A roof structure in which

science fueled faith in strength and stiffness is
technology and this was derived from pleated or
transcoded in architecture folded geometry.
and design.

Subdivision development intertwined with the

went full blast, patterned incorporation of attributes
after the American of the region’s endemic
suburbia (automobile and traditionally built
culture). environment.
 BARRIO OBRERO PABLO ANTONIO

STATE ARCHITECTURE MODERN ARCHITECTURE

SPACE AGE
FOLDED PLATE ARCHITECTURE

REGIONAL TROPICALISM SUBURBIA AND THE

BUNGALOW
What is the name of the Masonry that is
building below? perforated, pierced, or
lattice-like; functioned
mainly as diffusers of light
and doubled as exterior
decorative meshes.

Or sun breakers; an
Manila Ordinance No.
architectural baffle device
4131 allowed maximum
placed outside windows or
height of buildings to be
projected over the entire
increased from
surface of a building’s
_____________ meters.
façade.

Considered as the first Introduced the use of

skyscraper in the exposed aggregate finish.
Philippines.

A nostalgic attempt to
recreate a style from the
past. “Folk architecture” “Golden Age of Philippine
and the bahay kubo Architecture”
became architectural
archetypes.
 PIERCED SCREENS SAN MIGUEL
CORPORATION BUILDING

30-45 METERS
BRISE SOLEIL

CRESENCIANO DE CASTRO PICACHE BUILDING,

MANILA

MARCOS REGIME NEO VERNACULAR

 A cultural-convention Characterized by an overt
facility on land reclaimed application of historical
from the historic Manila references and blunt
Bay symbolism.

Who is the architect of

An economic program Rssensa Towers in Taguig?
which aimed to elevate
the nation to the status of
a “newly industrialized
country”

Fascination with cutting- Exaggerating

edge technology and contradictions in
sleek machine geometric compositions.
iconography, cybertopia
inspired.

become an urban fixture

Self-contained total generating new urban
environments, Disney- spatial experiences under
fication. a singular, enclosed
domain.
 PLURALISM CCP COMPLEX

I.M. PEI PHILIPPINES 2000

HIGH-TECH
DECONSTRUCTION
ARCHITECTURE

MEGAMALLS MICRO-CITIES