Designation: E 11 – 01

Standard Specification for

Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 11; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope the 45-µm No. 325 Sieve3

1.1 This specification covers the requirements for design E 161 Specification for Precision Electroformed Sieves4
and construction of testing sieves using a medium of woven E 323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing
wire cloth mounted in a frame for use in testing for the Purposes4
classification of materials according to designated particle size E 437 Specifications for Industrial Wire Cloth and Screens
(See Note 1 and Note 2), and wire cloth, meeting the (Square Opening Series)5
specifications of Table 1, to be designated test grade wire cloth. 2.2 Federal Standard:
All subsequent references to wire cloth shall mean test grade Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)6
wire cloth. Methods for checking testing sieves and wire cloth 2.3 Military Standard:
for conformance to this specification are included in the annex. MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage6
NOTE 1—Complete instructions and procedures on the use and calibra- 3. Ordering Information
tion of testing sieves are contained in ASTM STP447B.2 Note that sieve
3.1 Orders for items under this specification include the
analysis results from two testing sieves of the same sieve designation may
not be the same because of the variances in sieve opening permitted by following information as necessary:
this specification. To minimize the differences in sieve analysis results, the 3.1.1 Name of material (U.S.A. Standard Testing Sieves or
use of testing sieves matched on a performance basis is suggested. ASTM U.S.A. Standard sieve cloth),
STP447B2 also contains a list of all published ASTM standards on sieve 3.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue (ASTM
analysis procedures for specific materials or industries. This list may be E 11 – 01),
referenced to obtain statements of precision and bias for sieve analysis of 3.1.3 Quantity of each item,
specific materials.
NOTE 2—For other types of sieves, see Specification E 323 and
3.1.4 Standard sieve designation (see Table 1, Column 1),
Specification E 161. 3.1.5 Alternative sieve designation if needed (see Table 1,
Column 2),
1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be considered 3.1.6 For testing sieves in standard circular frames:
standard for the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the 3.1.6.1 Nominal sieve frame diameter (see 5.2 and 5.3),
diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth. The values stated 3.1.6.2 Nominal sieve frame height (see Table 2),
in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to 3.1.7 For sieve cloth not in frames or in nonstandard frames:
the sieve frames. 3.1.7.1 Lateral dimensions of sieve cloth,
1.3 The following precautionary statement refers only to the 3.1.7.2 Description of nonstandard frame,
test method portion, Annex A1, of this specification: This 3.1.8 For U.S. Government purchases, if supplementary
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, requirements apply,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user 3.1.9 Compatible sieve pans and covers, and
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health 3.1.10 Special requirements (specific type of metal for sieve
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- cloth and frames, matched sieves, for example).
tions prior to use.
4. Sieve Cloth Requirements
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Wire cloth used in U.S.A. standard testing sieves meet-
2.1 ASTM Standards: ing the specifications shown in Table 1 shall be designated “test
C 430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by grade”. Test grade sieve cloth shall be woven from stainless
steel, brass, bronze, or other suitable wire with a plain weave,
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle
Size Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01 on
3
Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
4
Current edition approved May 10, 2001. Published May 2001. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
5
published as E 11 – 25T. Last previous edition E 11 – 87. Discontinued; see 1999 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
2 6
Manual on Testing Sieving Methods, ASTM STP 447B. Available from ASTM Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Headquarters. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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TABLE 1 Nominal Dimensions, Permissible Variations for Wire Cloth of Standard Test Sieves (U.S.A.) Standard Series
Sieve Designation Permissible Variation Opening Dimension
Nominal Sieve of Average Opening Exceeded By Not Maximum Individual Nominal Wire
C
Opening, in.A from the Standard More Than 5 % of the Opening Diameter, mmB
Standard Alternative Sieve Designation Openings
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) ( 7)
125 mm 5 in. 5 63.70 mm 130.0 mm 130.9 mm 8.00
106 mm 4.24 in. 4.24 63.20 mm 110.2 mm 111.1 mm 6.30
100 mmD 4 in.D 4 63.00 mm 104.0 mm 104.8 mm 6.30
90 mm 31⁄2 in. 3.5 62.70 mm 93.6 mm 94.4 mm 6.30
75 mm 3 in. 3 62.20 mm 78.1 mm 78.7 mm 6.30
63 mm 21⁄2 in. 2.5 61.90 mm 65.6 mm 66.2 mm 5.60
53 mm 2.12 in. 2.12 61.60 mm 55.2 mm 55.7 mm 5.00
50 mmD 2 in.D 2 61.50 mm 52.1 mm 52.6 mm 5.00
45 mm 13⁄4 in. 1.75 61.40 mm 46.9 mm 47.4 mm 4.50
37.5 mm 11⁄2 in. 1.5 61.10 mm 39.1 mm 39.5 mm 4.50
31.5 mm 11⁄4 in. 1.25 61.00 mm 32.9 mm 33.2 mm 4.00
26.5 mm 1.06 in. 1.06 6.800 mm 27.7 mm 28.0 mm 3.55
25.0 mmD 1.00 in.D 1 6.800 mm 26.1 mm 26.4 mm 3.55
22.4 mm 7⁄8 in. 0.875 6.700 mm 23.4 mm 23.7 mm 3.55
19.0 mm 3⁄4 in. 0.750 6.600 mm 19.9 mm 20.1 mm 3.15
16.0 mm 5⁄8 in. 0.625 6.500 mm 16.7 mm 17.0 mm 3.15
13.2 mm 0.530 in. 0.530 6.410 mm 13.83 mm 14.05 mm 2.80
12.5 mmD 1⁄2in.D 0.500 6.390 mm 13.10 mm 13.31 mm 2.50
11.2 mm 7⁄16 in. 0.438 6.350 mm 11.75 mm 11.94 mm 2.50
9.5 mm 3⁄8 in. 0.375 6.300 mm 9.97 mm 10.16 mm 2.24
8.0 mm 5⁄16 in. 0.312 6.250 mm 8.41 mm 8.58 mm 2.00
6.7 mm 0.265 in. 0.265 6.210 mm 7.05 mm 7.20 mm 1.80
6.3 mmD 1⁄4in.D 0.250 6.200 mm 6.64 mm 6.78 mm 1.80
5.6 mm No. 31⁄2E 0.223 6.180 mm 5.90 mm 6.04 mm 1.60
4.75 mm No. 4 0.187 6.150 mm 5.02 mm 5.14 mm 1.60
4.00 mm No. 5 0.157 6.130 mm 4.23 mm 4.35 mm 1.40
3.35 mm No. 6 0.132 6.110 mm 3.55 mm 3.66 mm 1.25
2.80 mm No. 7 0.110 6.095 mm 2.975 mm 3.070 mm 1.12
2.36 mm No. 8 0.0937 6.080 mm 2.515 mm 2.600 mm 1.00
2.00 mm No. 10 0.0787 6.070 mm 2.135 mm 2.215 mm 0.900
1.7 mm No. 12 0.0661 6.060 mm 1.820 mm 1.890 mm 0.800
1.4 mm No. 14 0.0555 6.050 mm 1.505 mm 1.565 mm 0.710
1.18 mm No. 16 0.0469 6.045 mm 1.270 mm 1.330 mm 0.630
1.00 mm No. 18 0.0394 6.040 mm 1.080 mm 1.135 mm 0.560
850 µmF No. 20 0.0331 635 µm 925 µm 970 µm 0.500
710 µm No. 25 0.0278 630 µm 775 µm 815 µm 0.450
600 µm No. 30 0.0234 625 µm 660 µm 695 µm 0.400
500 µm No. 35 0.0197 620 µm 550 µ m 585 µm 0.315
425 µm No. 40 0.0165 619 µm 471 µm 502 µm 0.280
355 µm No. 45 0.0139 616 µm 396 µm 426 µm 0.224
300 µm No. 50 0.0117 614 µm 337 µm 363 µm 0.200
250 µm No. 60 0.0098 612 µm 283 µm 306 µm 0.160
212 µm No. 70 0.0083 610 µm 242 µm 263 µm 0.140
180 µm No. 80 0.0070 69 µm 207 µm 227 µm 0.125
150 µm No. 100 0.0059 68 µm 174 µm 192 µm 0.100
125 µm No. 120 0.0049 67 µm 147 µm 163 µm 0.090
106 µm No. 140 0.0041 66 µm 126 µm 141 µm 0.071
90 µm No. 170 0.0035 65 µm 108 µm 122 µm 0.063
75 µm No. 200 0.0029 65 µm 91 µm 103 µm 0.050
63 µm No. 230 0.0025 64 µm 77 µm 89 µm 0.045
53 µm No. 270 0.0021 64 µm 66 µm 76 µm 0.036
45 µm No. 325 0.0017 63 µm 57 µm 66 µm 0.032
38 µm No. 400 0.0015 63 µm 48 µm 57 µm 0.030
32 µm No. 450 0.0012 63 µm 42 µm 50 µm 0.028
25 µmD No. 500 0.0010 63 µm 34 µm 41 µm 0.025
20 µmD No. 635 0.0008 63 µm 29 µm 35 µm 0.020
A
Only approximately equivalent to the metric values in Column 1.
B
The average diameter of the wires in the x and y direction, measured separately, of any wire cloth shall not deviate from the nominal values by more than 615 %.
C
These standard designations correspond to the values for test sieve openings recommended by the International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, except
where noted.
D
These sieves are not in the standard series but they have been included because they are in common usage.
E
These numbers (31⁄2 to 635) are the approximate number of openings per linear in. but it is preferred that the sieve be identified by the standard designation in
millimetres or micrometres.
F
1000 µm—1 mm.

except that cloth with openings of 63 µm (No. 230) and finer 4.2 The openings of the sieve cloth of successive sieves
may be woven with a twill weave. For definitions of “plain” progress from a base of 1 mm in the ratio of approximately 4
and “twill” weave, refer to Specification E 437. The wire shall =2 :1.
not be coated or plated. 4.3 All measurements of openings and wire diameters shall

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TABLE 2 Dimensions of Standard Frames shall be constructed in such a manner as to be rigid. The wire
Nominal
Mean Diameter, in. (mm)
Typical FrameA cloth shall be mounted on the frame without distortion,
Diameter looseness, or waviness. To prevent the material being sieved
Nominal HeightC from catching in the joint between the wire cloth and the frame,
in. Inside at TopB Outside on Skirt
in. (mm)
the joint shall be filled smoothly or constructed so that the
3 3.000 + 0.030/−0.000 3.000 + 0.000/−0.030 11⁄4 (32) FHD material will not be trapped.
(76 + 0.76/ −0.00) (76 + 0.00/ −0.76) 5⁄8 (16) HH

6 6.000 + 0.030/−0.000 6.000 + 0.000/−0.030 13⁄4 (45) FH 5.2 Standard Frames—Sieve frames shall be circular with
(152 + 0.76/ −0.00) (152 + 0.00/ −0.76) 1 (25) HH nominal diameters of 3, 6, 8, 10, or 12 in. (76, 152, 203, 254,
8 8.000 + 0.030/−0.000 8.000 + 0.000/−0.030) 2 (50) FH or 305 mm) as may be specified. The dimensions shall conform
(203 + 0.76/ −0.00 (203 + 0.00/ −0.76) 1 (25) HH
10 10.000 + 0.030/−0.000 10.000 + 0.000/−0.030 3 (76) FH to the requirements in Table 2. Frames shall be made from
(254 + 0.76/ −0.00) (254 + 0.00/ −0.76) 11⁄2 (38) HH noncorrosive material such as brass or stainless steel and be of
12 12.000 + 0.030/−0.000 12.000 + 0.000/−0.030 31⁄4 (83) FH seamless construction.
(305 + 0.76/ −0.00) (305 + 0.00/ −0.76) 2 (50) IH
15⁄8 (41) HH 5.2.1 The bottom of the frame shall be constructed so as to
A
Other frame heights are not precluded. provide an easy sliding fit with any sieve frame of the same
B
Measured 0.2 in. (5 mm) below the top of the frame. nominal diameter conforming to the specified dimensions.
C
Distance from the top of the frame to the sieve cloth surface. 5.2.2 The joint or fillet at the connection of the sieve cloth
D
FH = full height; HH = half height; IH = intermediate height.
to the frame will provide a minimum clear sieving surface with
be made along the midpoints of the opening as shown in Fig. a diameter equal to the nominal diameter less 0.5 in. (13 mm).
1. NOTE 3—Attention is called to Test Method C 430, which contains
4.4 Sieve cloth shall conform to the dimensional require- requirements for 2 in. (51 mm) diameter sieves used in the mineral
ments of Table 1. The average opening (distance between industry, especially the cement group.
parallel wires measured at the center of the opening), in the x
5.3 Nonstandard Frames—Other sieve frames may be ei-
(horizontal) and y (vertical) directions measured separately,
ther square, rectangular, or circular. The frame may have the
shall conform to the values in Column 1, within the permissible
sieve cloth permanently installed, or may be designed to permit
variation in average opening size shown in Column 4. Not
replacement. The provisions of 5.1 apply.
more than 5 % of the openings shall exceed the value shown in
Column 5. The maximum individual opening size shall not NOTE 4—While there are no requirements for nesting of nonstandard
exceed the value shown in Column 6. sieve frames, care should be applied in use to prevent loss of material
4.4.1 The average diameter of the x (horizontal) and y during analysis.
(vertical) wires, measured separately, shall conform to the 5.4 Pans and Covers—Pans and covers for use with sieves
diameter in Column 7 within the tolerances in Footnote A of shall be made so as to nest with the sieves. Pans with extended
Table 1. rims (“stacking skirts”) shall be furnished when specified. The
4.5 Wires shall be crimped in such a manner that they will pans and covers shall conform to the dimensions in Table 2.
be rigid when in use.
4.6 There shall be no punctures or obvious defects in the 6. Product Marking
cloth. 6.1 Each test sieve shall bear a label marked with the
5. Test Sieve Frames following information:
5.1 General Requirements—Frames for wire cloth sieves 6.1.1 U.S.A. standard testing sieve,
6.1.2 This designation (ASTM E 11),
6.1.3 Standard sieve designation (from Table 1, Column 1),
6.1.4 Name of manufacturer or distributor, and
6.1.5 Alternative sieve designation (from Table 1, Column
2) (optional).
6.1.6 Each test sieve shall bear a unique serial number
permanently engraved or etched onto the sieve frame, skirt or
nameplate.

7. Keywords
7.1 opening; particle size; sieve; sieve analysis; sieve cloth;
FIG. 1 Proper Dimensioning of Wire Cloth Mesh sieve designation; test grade wire cloth; test sieve

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SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
contract or order.

S1. Responsibility for Inspection S2. Government Procurement

S1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase S2.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the materi-
order, the producer is responsible for the performance of all als shall be packaged in accordance with the suppliers’
inspection and test requirements specified herein. Except as standard practice that will be acceptable to the carrier at lowest
otherwise specified in the contract or order, the producer may rates. Containers and packing shall comply with the Uniform
use his own or any other suitable facilities for the performance Freight Classification rules or National Motor Freight Classi-
of the inspection and test requirements specified herein, unless fication rules. Marking for shipment of such materials shall be
disapproved by the purchaser. The purchaser shall have the
in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies, and
right to perform any of the inspections and tests set forth in this
MIL-STD-129 for military agencies.
specification where such inspections are deemed necessary to
ensure that materials meet the specification.

ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. TEST METHODS FOR CHECKING WIRE CLOTH AND TESTING SIEVES TO DETERMINE
WHETHER THEY CONFORM TO SPECIFICATION

A1.1 Every opening in the metal wire cloth in a test sieve tribution of Wire Cloth Openings—To establish the size distri-
shall be eligible for inspection for compliance with the bution of sieve openings, determine the frequency of opening
requirements listed in Table 1. size measurements using the following procedures:
A1.1.1 When a sieve has 30 openings or less, measure all A1.4.1 For samples (testing sieves or wire cloth) with 30 or
openings. In other cases the examination shall proceed in less openings, measure all full openings. For samples with over
stages from a survey of general condition, to a methodical 30 openings, measure a minimum of 30 full openings.
scrutiny of individual openings, and finally to measurement of A1.4.2 Select openings in a line or lines diagonal to the
opening size for compliance with the tolerances. direction of the wires according to Fig. A1.1, and measure ten
A1.1.2 Measure opening size, as described in Test Methods adjacent openings along each line. When greater numbers of
Two, Three, and Four, on equipment with a precision of at least openings are available, choose the fields in such a manner that
2.5 µm or 10 % of the value in Column 4 for the specific mesh none of the openings being measured overlap.
designation, whichever is greater. A1.4.3 Measurement of the Average Opening Size
Measure the average opening as the distance between
A1.2 Test Method One—Examination of General Condition parallel wires (measured at the center of the opening—see Fig.
of the Wire Cloth—For this purpose, view the sieve cloth 1) in both directions, being sure to keep the x and y measure-
against a uniformly illuminated background. If obvious devia- ments separate. Once the opening data is tabulated, check the
tions, for example, weaving defects, creases, wrinkles, foreign data versus the prescribed limits in Table 1.
matter in the cloth, are found, the wire cloth is unacceptable.
A1.3 Test Method Two—Examination for Maximum Indi-
vidual Opening—The observer shall carefully and methodi-
cally examine the appearance of all the openings, in order to
detect oversize openings. Openings whose width deviates by
about 10 % of the average value are apparent to the unaided
eye of a skilled observer. By this test method, known as the
“handicap method”, it is probable that all oversize openings
exceeding the average value by about 10 % or more will be
detected. At the same time it is easily possible to detect
sequences of large openings, and local irregularities in the
weaving, appearing as distortions in the openings. If an
opening is found to be larger than that permissible in accor-
dance with Column 6 of Table 1, the wire cloth is unacceptable.
A1.4 Test Method Three—Determination of the Size Dis- FIG. A1.1 Orientation of Openings to be Measured in Each Field

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A1.5 Test Method Four—Measurement of the Average Wire direction. Once the opening data is tabulated, check the data
Diameter—Obtain the average diameter of the wires by versus the prescribed limits in Table 1.
measuring 30 different wires selected at random in each

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