ATLIEU THENG ANHNANG CAO hohaidang! 807@gmail.com PRACTICE TEST 1 L LISTENING (50 POINTS) Part 1: For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about our relationship with nature and decide whether these statements are True (1), False (F), or Not given (NG). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided, 1. Animists believe that all aspeets of life possess a spirit essence, 2, The attribution of the Earth to the human spirit was incomprehensible throughout ancient Europe. 3. European colonialism was the main cause of the downfall of animism. 4. Inthe 17th century, there was a proven scientific basis for human domination over nature. 5. Nature has been lawfully granted human rights in certain countries thanks to the reemergence of a mythological perspective, Your answers 1 2. 3. 4, . Part 2: For questions 6-16, listen to a report on a new invention and answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 6. On what did the researchers depend for the production of the new devices ? 7. What enables the conductivity of composite plastics 2 8. In the signal, what represents binary code? 9. What could prevent water damage in homes? 10. What widgets have been created by applying the new invention? Your answers: | 6. a 8. 9. 10. Part 3: For questions 11-15, listen to ‘part of an interview with Hal Jordan, who has recently written a book on the history of music. Choose A, B, C or D. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 1L. According to Hal Jordan, what is the disadvantage of using a computer programme when writing music? ‘A. Composers may be tempied to experiment too much, B. Composers have become too self-critical, C. Composers have become too reliant on machines D. Composers may be dissatisfied with the results 12, Hal Jordan think that getting a computer to select the notes in a composition is A. a labour-saving device, B.a way to increase the sensitivity of the human eer C. an idea thet leads nowhere. D. an undemanding form of entertainment. 13. One result ofthe invention of sound recording, according to Hal Jordan, was that +FANPAGE TAI LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang! 807@gmail.com A. people began to reassess familiar pieces of musi B. concert audiences slowly began to decline. C. the number of different music styles decreased, D. people disliked the unusual music they heard. 14. According to Hal Jordan, how did the development of notation change Western music? A. Ithelped performers to develop their individual styles. B, Itallowed for greater complexity of musical form C. Itencouraged composers to work more closely with musicians, D It gave tise to the need for skilled musie instructors. 15. According to Hal Jordan, jazz. is an example of ‘A. pare spontaneity in modern music. B. amixture of different approaches to music-making C. music which is even less structured than it seems. D. the confusion which arises from improvisation, Your answers: i. 2. 13. 14, 15, Part 4: For questions 16-25, listen to a talk about solar storms and supply the blanks with the missing information, Write NO. MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for cach answer in the spaces provided. The Carrington event, during which miners were surprised by shining 16, _ igniting the sky, was the largest recorded solar storm. Solar storms are among numerous 17. ___ stemming from magnetic fields. These fields are formed by the movements of electrically charged particles, suchas the massive 18. movements in the plesma which generate the Sun's magnetic field. The plasma’s whirl gives rise to sunspots which increase the risk of distorted fields and too much stretching activates the outbursts of plasma called 19. These explosions, on approaching the Earth, create a 20, of high- energy particles, Atmospheric atoms are then triggered, leading to natural light displays called a Magnetic fields found in deep space are even more powerful than those found in the solar system, with 22. being ejected from magnetic fields around giant black holes. However, the Earth could be threatened even with weak solar storms, as electrical equipment could malfunction because of 23. produced by secondary magnetic fields. If another’ Carrington Event occurs, our 24 = would suffer greatly. But our mitigation measures have improved, including the absorption of sudden energy flow using 25. and the beforehand deactivation of power grids. IL. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 POINTS) Part 1. For questions 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following questions and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 26. Google is the first major company to refuse China's demands for control. 2FANPAGE TAL LI U'TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang!807@gmail.com A. blissfully B. sorely C. steadfastly D. woefully 27. The gentle colour _creates a relaxing ambience for the bedroom of my little daughter. A. complexion B. palette C. structure D. scheme 28. Because of the fierce storm, the rescue mission had to be __to avoid unnecessary loss of life A aborted B. absconded C. banished D. ruptured 29. Factories are__ to produce enough masks and protective clothing for health workers during the pandemic. A. raising red flags B. firing on all cylinders C. raking over the ashes D. packing heat 30. He had occasionally ___ the idea of starting his own business, but he had never actually done anything about it, A.simmereddown _B. gobbled up C, dallied with D. lavished on 31. John keeps himself so closed off that I've never understood the __of his thoughts. A. rock bottom B. bare bones C. think tank D. uncharted waters 32. Although it takes quite a bit of time at the beginning, once you have acquited the basic knowledge, a quick leamer like you will surely A. forge ahead B,plungeahead —C. ploughahead —_—D. press ahead 33. [have every rightto__at unfair, and possibly illogical, situations — most because of the decisions of higher-ups. Avrackand ruin B.hemandhaw —C.rantandrave ~—_‘D wax and wane 34, The students were still able to cheat without being caught by the camera, ___ high-tech supervision A.so much for B.very muchof —_C. thus be it D. so it be 35, She was a__Catholic and, so far as I am aware, morally unassailable. A. firm B. devout , staunch D.striet 36. Given the appalling weather conditions on top of the mountain, I'd say the chances of their finding any survivorsare very ___ indeed. A. narrow B. lean C. remote D. shallow 37. Her ambition and___ determination ensured that she rose to the top of her profession. A. hounded B. wormed C. ducked D. dogged 38. AsI said before, the report will be released in the __of time. I can't estimate when that will be. A. rightness B. fullness C. greatness D. correctness 39. Regional parliaments allow ____ for remote parts of the country or islands far from the capital. A, self-government B. self-sufficiency C, self-regulation _D.. self-support 40. She is again! Every time I open Facebook she has a new post telling us why her life is miserable, she is always looking for sympathy! A.sadbunting B. sadfishing C. sadwawling D. sadseeking ‘Your answers 26. 27. 2B. 29. 30. 31. 32,FANPAGE TAI LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO, hohaidang1807@gmail.com a. 34, 35. 36. 37. [38. 39. ] 40. Part 2. For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered boxes provided. 41. She had had the ____ to prepare herself financially in case of an accident. (SIGHT) 42. The message is clear and concise and displays no _ that one would expect to find in more courtly love scenes. (VERB) 43. Many students consider coding as an utterly language distinct from human language in general. (SCRUTINY) 44. They were in the tradition of public service’ from their contact with older regimes, (CULTURE) 45. They found it amusing that this hot-shot chef couldn't even use a tomato slicer. (ROAR) Your answers 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. III. READING (50 POINTS) Part 1. For questions 46-55, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. Both women and men, it seems, have always had a fascination for changing their appearance with the aid of paints, powders, dyes and other 46. devices, The use of cosmetics, far from being a 47. of civilisation, originates from an inherent human desire for self-decoration. As far back as 100,000 years ago, man is believed to have painted his body, and at a later period the people of the Stone Age probably decorated themselves in a similar 48._ However, the original motivation for prehistoric man’s use of paint was different from 49.__ which inspired civilised cultures to adopt cosmetics as a way of enhancing or creating 50. Prehistoric man must have been conscious that he was a weak animal 51 against a hostile environment. He had to develop his own tools for hunting because Nature had not provided him with sharp teeth or claws or the overwhelming physical strength of the wild beasts which 52. the ancient world. He decorated his skin with the markings of the most powerful animals because he believed that by representing their physical characteristics on his own body he acquired some of their 53._ . But his fear of wild beasts remained as a54, disturbing and inexplicable phenomenon, and inspired in primitive man the belief that mysterious 55. which he was able neither to understand nor control were at work around him. Your answers 46. a7. 8. 19. 30. 51. 52. 53. 54. 5FANPAGE TAI LIEU THENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang!807@gmail.com Part 2. For questions 56-68, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. Single-Gender Education: A Case Made? A. All modern democracies, instilled as they are with the ethics of freedom and equality of the sexes, nevertheless offer the option of single-sex education. This separates the genders into their own classrooms, buildings, and often schools. Traditionally, women had to fight hard and long to achieve equal opportunities in education, and the single-gender controversy is mostly in relation to them. The question is whether this educational system advances or retards their cause, and there are supporters on both sides, each convinced that the case is made. B. Given that the word ‘segregation’ has such negative connotations, the current interest in single-gender schooling is somewhat surprising. In the same way thet a progressive society would never consider segregation on the basis of skin colour, income, or age, it seems innately ‘wrong to do this on gender. Yet in the real world and the society in which we live, segregation of some sort happens all the time. Clubs inevitably form - for example, of clerical workers, of lawyers, of the academically gifted, and of those skilled in music or the arts, Exclusionary cliques, classes, and in-groups, are all part of everyday life. Thus, it may simply be an idealistic illusion to condemn single-gender settings on that basis alone, as do many co-educational advocates. C. This suggests that single-gender education must necessarily be condemned on other grounds, yet the issue is complicated, and research often sinks into amorass of conflicting data, and occasionally, emotional argument. Thus, one study comes out with strong proof of the efficacy of single-gender schooling, causing a resurgence of interest and positive public sentiment, only to be later met with a harshly-titled article. 'Single-Sex Schooling: The Myth and the Pseudoscience’, published and endorsed by several respected magazines. Similarly, the arguments on'both sides have apparent validity and often accord, on the surface at least, with common sense and personal observation, What then can parents do? D. Proponents of separating the genders often argue that it promotes better educational results, not only in raw academic scores but also behaviour. The standard support for this is the claim of innate gender differences in the manner in which boys and girls learn and behave in educational settings, Separation allows males to be taught in a ‘male way’ and in accordance with the 'male’ developmental path, which is said to be very different to the female one. Such claims demand hard evidence, but this is difficult to come by since statistics are notoriously unreliable and subject to varying interpretations. E. Of course, one of the key factors that leads to superior performance at single-gender schools is often the higher quality of the teachers, the better resources at hand, end the more motivated students, often coming as they do from wealthier or more privileged backgrounds. Single- gender schools are ofien the most prestigious in society, demanding the highest entry marks from their new students, who, in turn, receive more deference and respect from society. When taking these factors into account, large-scale studies, as well as the latest findings of neuroscientists, do not support the claims of superior results or persistent gender differences, respectively. Those who make such claims are accused of emphasising favourable data, and drawing conclusions based more on eneedotal evidence and gender stereotyping. P. Yet the single-sex educationalists come out with other positives. One of the most common is that girls are free from the worry of sexual harassment or negative behaviour originating from the presence of boys. Girls are said to develop greater self-confidence, and a preparedness to study subjects, such as engineering and mathematics, which were once the exclusive 5FANPAGE TAI LI 3U TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang!807@gmail.com province of males. Conversely, boys can express a greater interest in the arts, without the possible jibe, ‘That’sa girls’ subject’. But logically, one senses such stereotyping could equally come in single-gender settings, since it is the society outside of school, with all its related expectations, which has the greatest influence. G. Among this welter of convicting argument, one can, at least, fall back on one certainty - that the real world is co-gendered, and cach side often misunderstand the other. Supporters of coeducation argue that positive and co-operative interaction between the genders at school reduces such divisions by de-emphasising gender as a factor of concern. In theory, stereotypes are broken down, and inclusion is emphasised, providing benefits for society as a whole. But such sentiments, admittedly, do sound as if we are retreating into self-promotional propaganda, In other words, these statements are just glib and unreal assertions, rather than @ reflection of what actually happens in the co-educational classroom, H. The key point is whether the interaction in co-educational seitings is indeed positive and cooperative. Some would say it could equally be the opposite, and surely it must occasionally be so (if we abandon the rosy picture painted in the previous paragraph), But I would say that that interaction, whether good or bad, whether academically enhancing or retarding, still constitutes education, and of a vital nature. It presents exactly the same subset of challenges that students, male or female, will ultimately have to deel with in the real world. This is the ‘most important point, and would determine my choice regarding in which educational setting T would place my children, Questions 6-63 ‘The reading passage has eight paragraphs, A-H. Choose the correct heading for Paragraphs A-H from the list of headings List of Headings ‘Another argument in favour ii Conflicting evidence Negatives are positives iv Amemofional argument vy Doesithelp or not? vi Looking at the other side vii A counter-argument T's happening anyway ix The problems with genders x An argument in favour Write the correct number, i-x, for each answer 56, Paragraph A 57. Paragraph BFANPAGE TAL LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang1807@gmail.com 58, Paragraph’ 59. Paragraph D 60. Paragraph 61. Paragraph F i 62. Paragraph G uu 63, Paiagraph H ut Questions 64-68 ‘Complete the sentences with the correct ending, A-E, p | Write the correct letter, A-E, for each answer. ‘Ahave some strong views B think boys and girls are similar — C often have idealistic views ‘Dare surprising in some ways E often receive much respect 64. Neuroscientists 65. The magazines 66. Students from single-gender schools 67. People in society 68. Supporters of co-education Your answers | 56. 57. 58. 59, 6. 61. @. | 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. Part 3. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 69-75, read the passage and choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. Crying Wolf When Bill Feeney stood out under the full moon on a frigid early April night in Northern ‘Wisconsin in 1944 and gave a deep, full-throated howl, he was not expecting what he received: an equally deep, full-throsted response from a wolf he and his colleagues from the Wisconsin Conservation Department had been tracking. Rather than calling out the names of fellow researchers whom he believed to be nearby, Feeney had howled as a bit of a joke. 69.FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO. hohaidang1807@ gmail.com Mimicking calls has spread far beyond wolves, however, and beyond voice to new devices and digital recordings, as researchers now use vocalizations to get a peck into many comers of the animal kingdom. Feeney reportedly howled just that one time. This was likely because he was leading the wolf study in secret and felt nightly howling sessions would not be a good way to keep the research clandestine 70. In fact, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan now each have wolf hunting seasons and cull quotas. Officially, Feeney was conducting a major deer study, but the secret wolf study was an offshoot. He focused on counting and better understanding wolves' social and hunting habits - knowledge he knew might be unattainable inthe future, given that the state was paying a bounty 0f 20 dollars for a dead adult wolf and 10 dollars for a pup 71, Feeney and the biologis would persist, and Feeney even told the famed ecologist Aldo Leopold that he would publish the wolf study findings, which showed that wolves did not significantly affect deer population. 72. Indeed, they did. That planted the seed, and he and his colleagues began howling as a means of locating wolves during late summer, when lack of snow and thick foliage prevenis conventional surveys, which are done mostly by tracking paw prints and conducting visual surveys during the winter. After testing out their voices, they realized their own howls were as convincing to the wolves as the recordings of real wolves, 23. Then, he waits and listens. Ifthere isno response, he will repeat the four-howl sequence, at the same eadence but louder. If this fails to elicit a response the howler might try a thitd time or move to a different location before howling again. Biologists have long been using vocalizations not just to locate animals but also to better understand animal communication. and social structure. 74, ‘With digital files we can manipulate them. You can take a single note and change its frequency and do playbacks right away and see how the animal we are studying responds. With tape, you have to splice and it takes hours on end.’ Webster says vocalizations let researchers start to unlock animal language, which is especially important with birds because they use sound to identify species and find mates and rivals. 75. ‘Birds in cities sing differently than those in the country, because we humans make a hell of @ lot of noise, so they shift the way they sing to make it louder.’ Animal vocalization has @ considerably longer history in hunting than it does in wildlife research. In both applications, 8FANPAGE TAILI TENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidangl807@gmail.com vocalizing is the art of fooling wild animals by imitating their ilk, but the motivations are vastly different. For wildlife biologists and other researchers, vocalization is a tool for conserving or arguably, saving wildlife. Hunters use vocalizations, as well as decoys and olfactory attractants ~ smells, to lure animals to within their gun or bow range. The Paragraphs A. While wolves are fairly easy to imitate with the human voice, many other species are more difficult to mimic closely enough. Instead, researchers rely on recordings. ‘It's far easier to do the kinds of studies we do than it was a few years ago because now we're using digital files,’ says Mike Webster, a professor in Cornell's Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and the director of the Macaulay Library, which holds the world's largest archive of wildlife sounds and videos. B. In fact, many types of animals use language in important end fascinating ways - whales are a focus area because their calls travel across thousands of miles under water. 'We can't talk to binds in bird-ese, but we're getting closer to understanding birdsongs,' says Webster. We're basically writing the translation dictionary’ Studying recordings lets researchers discern things like the emotional state of individual birds, and it has revealed clues as to how animals adapt to changing environments. C. But the war disrupted academic publication schedules, and the public's abhorrence of wolves grew more intense at each public meeting about deer-management policies. Feeney become quite reticent, eventually sequestering all the rescarch notebooks. The study remained secret and the researchers mum. In the late 1950s, biologist Douglas Pimlott began broadcasting recordings of wolf howls in Ontario's Algonquin Provincial Park, wondering if they might respond. D. Though the woods of Iron County were sparsely populated, they were frequented by trappers ‘trying their damnedest to kill every wolf they could. In the 1940s, Wisconsin was only one of four states where wolves were stili extant - the last known gray wolf in that state was killed in 1958. The species has now returned and has been removed from the state's endangered species list E, The first auditory attractants used in North America were developed thousands of years ago by Native American hunters, who imitated the animals they sought both by using their own voices and by constructing calls using wood or bone, Hunters also camouflaged themselves, sometimes in the hides of the animals they sought, In the late 1800s, non-indigenous hunters began using their voices, and eventually fashioned mechanical duck and turkey calls made from wood, using designs similar to those of Indian hunters F. Deer hunters were already steamed over the recent introduction of hunting regulations, and considered wolves a major competitor. "The public was so anti-predator and specifically anti- wolf that it would have been committing employment and possibly life suicide to admit to doing any investigation on wolves,’ says Richard Thiel, a wolf biologist who led Wisconsin's wolf recovery plan in the 1980s. G. This meant Pimlott and his crew could ditch the truck from which they broadcast the recordings, and set out oa foot into the forest, armed only with thei voices and notebooks, Over time, a protocol was developed that wildlife biologists still use today. ‘The vocalist issues an @FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO, hohaidang]807@gmail.com initial howl - tiot too loud in case the pack is nearby - and then repeats the how! three times, tuning 90 degrees each time, to ensure it is amplified to cach of the cardinal directions. H, Since he is deceased, we can't ask him whether he considered this to be a new ressarch tool that built on tracking wolf prints, examining scat, and searching for dens. Feeney's call and response came years before wildlife biologists began to use vocalizations as a tool to study wolf packs. Imitation is a surprisingly good way to locate dens and estimate pack sizes and composition, ‘Your answers 0. TL. Th. | 7B. ae - | 5. Part 4. For questions 76-85, read an extract from an article and choose the answer A,B, C or D that fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. Using video gaming in education It has become conventional wisdom thet spending too much time playing video games has a detrimental effect on children’s studies and their social development. However, some educationalists are now questioning this theory and are using video games as effective educational tools thus bridging the gap between recreational and educational activities. Due to the sophisticated nature of today’s games, teachers are able to justify the inclusion of video and online games for many pedagogical reasons. There may. for example, be sociological, psychological, and ethical implications built into the gameplay. Harvey Edwards, who teaches IT classes in London, was one such educator who decided to use video games in his lessons. To do this, he chose Minecrafi, an online game in which players create and develop imaginary worlds. He was somewhat uneasy about attempting such an unconventional approach, not because of some students’ unfamiliarity with the game but rather due to them not being able to make sense of what he was trying to do with it, He worried that it might interfere with his learners’ focus, but he couldn't have been more surprised by the results. Minecraft is an example of a ‘sandbox game’, in which gamers roam around end change a virtual world at will. Instead of having to pass through numbered levels to reach certain places, ther full access from start to finish. The inal version can be adapted to control which characters and content are left in, Each student can then be allocated tasks — such as house- building, locating items or problem-solving — which they must complete within the game. Elements of more general skills can be subtly incorporated into the lessons, such as online politeness and safety, teamwork and resolving differences, Edwards feels that presenting such lessons in the context of a game students probably already know and enjoy enables him to connect with them at greater depth, and in more motivational ways. Bolstered by his success, Edwards introduced his approach to another school nearby. He recalls that the first couple of sessions didn’t live up to his expectations. Those who had played Minecraft before were keen for others to adopt their own style of play. Unsurprisingly, this assortment of styles and opinions as to how the game should proceed were far from 10FANPAGE TAI LIRU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidangl807@gmai.com harmonious. However, the sessions rapidly transformed into something more cohesive, with the learners driving the change. With minimal teacher input, they set about choosing leaders and established several teams, each with it to clear common goals, willingly cooperated to ensure that their newborn world flourished, even when faced with the toughest of challenges. s own clearly-defined role, These teams, now party “Human” inhabitants in a Minecraft ‘society’ are very primitive and wander around the imaginary world, waiting for guidance from players. [A] This dynamic bears a resemblance 10 traditional education, an observation highlighted by Martina Williams, one of the leaders of the group. [B] “Through the game, we were no longer passive learners in the classroom, being told what and how to leam, but aotive participants in our own society. [C] The leaders, meanwhile, had a vision for their virtual world as a whole, encouraging everyone to play their part in achieving the group's goals. [D] Through creating their own characters and using these to build their own ‘world’, students will have gained some experiential understanding of societal structure and how communities work. But not everyone is convinéed by video games’ potential academic value. While many progressive commentators cite extensive evidence to maintain that video games encourage collaboration and build problem-solving skills, more traditional factions continue to insist they are a distraction that do not merit inclusion in any curriculum, Even less evangelical cynics, who may grudgingly acknowledge games have some educational benefit, assert that this is only the case in the hands of creative educators, However, the accusation most often levelled at video games is that they detract from the social aspect of the classroom, particularly taking part in discussions. Dr Helen Conway, an educational researcher, argues that video games can. be used to promote social activities. ‘Students become animated talking about the game and how to improve their gameplaying and problem-solving skills,” she says. ‘I find it strange, this image that many people have,’ Conway says, ‘Children are often totally detached fom their peers when undertaking more traditional activities, like reading books, but we never suggest that books are harmful because they're a solitary experience. 76. The first time Edwards used a game in his classes, he was ‘A. convinced that learners would realise why he wanted them to play it. B. convinced that learners would see the reasons for playing it. C. anxious that he had chosen the wrong one for learners to play. D. sure that his reasons for getting learners to play it were valid. 77. The writer suggests that Minecraft is a good choice of educational game because A. any number of learners can use it simultaneously, B. teachers can remove any inappropriate material. C. gamers can create educative tasks whilst playing it "1FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang1807@gmail.com D. players can develop their skills in a step-by-step way. 78, Which of the following words in the fourth paragraph is used to convey a feeling of approval? A.keen B. harmonious C. driving D. newborn 79. In the fifth paragraph, the writer draws a comparison between a Minecraft ‘society” and A. relationships within the group as they played, B. the way in which countries organise themselves. C. typical students in a school environment, D. how leadership operates in different situations, 80. In the sixth paragraph, the writer feels that critics of video games in education ‘A.are unwilling to admit that using them in class has benefits. B. make accurate observations about teachers who use them. C. use flawed research to support their objections to using them, D. acknowledge the drawbacks of more traditional teaching methods. 81, The words ‘this image? in the sixth paragraph refer to A. people who criticise gaming in educetion. B, students discussing a game in a group. C.a group of students reading individually. D. a solitary player absorbed in a game. 82, Where does this sentence belong to in the fifth paragraph? Each group member had ideas as to how their function should develop. A.[A] B. [BI C.[C] D.[D] 83. The word ‘subtly’ in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to A. intricately B. ingeniously C. ingenuously D. haphazardly 84, The word ‘grudgingly’ in the sixth paragraph is closest in meaning to A. gleefully B. vivaciously C. genially D. reluctantly 85. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards the application of gaming into education? 12FANPAGE TAILIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang1807@gmail.com A. supportive B. neutral C. cynical D, satirical Your answers cath a q Wa 7 78. 7. 80. 81. 82. ee 84. 85. Part 5. The passage below consisis of four paragraphs marked A, B, Cand D. For questions 86-95, read the passage and do the task that follows. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. The Graduate (A) The NY Times The Graduate, the pungent story of the sudden confusions and dismays of a bland young man fresh out of college who is plunged headlong into the intellectual vacuum of his affluent parents’ circle of friends, it fashions a scarifying picture of the raw vulgarity of the swimming- pool rich, and it does so with a lively and exciting expressiveness through vivid cinema. Further, it offers an image of silver-spooned, bewildered youth, standing expectantly out with misgiving where the brook and the swimming-pool meet, that is developed so wistfully and winningly by Dustin Hoffman, an amazing new young star, that itmakes you feel a little tearful and choked-up while it is making you laugh yourself raw, That's all. And yet in pursuing this simple story line, which has been adomed with delicious incidents and crackling dialogue in the screenplay by Calder Willingham and Buck Henry, besed on a novel’by Charles Webb, the still exploring Mr. Nichols has done such sly and surprising things with his actors and with his camera, or, rather, Robert Surtees's camera, that the overall picture has the quality of a very extensive and revealing social scan. Funny, outrageous, and touching, The Graduate is a sophisticated film that puts Mr. Nichols and his associates on a level with any of the best satirists working abroad today. (B) The Guardian If ever a movie captured the audience's imagination with its musical soundtrack, it was The Graduate, that irresistibly watchable 1967 classic. Simon and Garfunkel's eerie and sublime The Sound of Silence perfectly captures both Ben's alienation and bewilderment about, what he should do with his life, and then his post-coital disenchantment and self-loathing. The Graduate itself does not seem the same in 2017 as it did in 1967. Then the emphasis was dn sophisticated black comedy with a hint of 60's radicalism and student discontent, mediated through the older generation of suburbanites. Watched in the present day, the element of predatory abuse is inescapable. You cannot see it without wondering how it might look and feel if the sexual roles were reversed, But a modern audience might also, paradoxically, be much less content with the villainous role the film finally assigns to Mrs Robinson, be more sympathetic to her midlife crisis, and remember the pathos of her abandoned interest in art. Calder Willingham and Buck Henry's screenplay, adapted from Charles Webb's 1963 novel, cleverly allows you (o wonder if Mr Robinson was, in some conscious or subconscious way, complaisant in his wife's adventure. The excellence of Katherine Ross as Mrs Robinson's daughter, Elaine, is often overlooked. A hugely pleasurable film. (C) The Telegraph ‘The Graduate, starring Dustin Hofman and Anne Bancroft and directed by Mike Nichols, is actually a very nasty film, and a very, very funny one. As the benchmark for every inter- generational relationship film since, it tends to live in the male public imagination largely as a reference point for cheeky forbidden fantasies regarding older women the world over. It takes 13FANPAGE TAL LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang! 807@gmail.com about three minutes, roughly the length of time it takes Hoffman to get down the moving walkway to Simon and Garfunkel's Sound of Silence and from the aicport to the suffocating atmosphere of his graduation party. where he gets gradually trapped into a relationship with one of his parents’ friends, to realise that The Graduate is actually a very nasty film, and a very, very funny one. Directorially, it is 2s cutting-edge late-Sixties as you can get, all fish-bowl Jjuxtapositions, dappled light and pensive close-ups. But the world we're in here is essentially a Fifties hangover, a staid, suburban one still ruled over by The Old Folk, a place where the reason you get together with a seductively smoking alcoholic in her forties is not so much because you find her attractive but because she's the only person in the vicinity as bored as you. The result is an exercise in claustrophobia that makes Panic Room look like a western by comparison, By the end, it doesn't matter that the lesson he's leamed is the one that the old folks were telling him in the first place, that he should find a nice git! his own age. The feeling of freedom is immense. (D) Variety The Graduate is a delightful, satirical comedy-drama about a young man's seduction by an older woman, and the measure of maturity which he attains from the experience. An excellent screenplay by Calder Willingham and comedy specialist Buck Henry, based on the Charles Webb novel, focuses on Hoffman, just out of college and wondering whet it's all about Predatory Miss Bancroft, wife of Murray Hamilton, introduces Hoffman to mechanical sex, reaction to which evolves into true love with Miss Ross, Miss Bancroft's daughter. In the 70 minutes which elapse from Hoffinan's arsival home from school to the realization by Miss Ross that he has had an affair with her mother, the pic is loaded with hilatious comedy and, because of this, the intended commentary on materialistic society is most effective. Only in retrospect does one realize a basic, but not overly damaging, flaw that Hoffman's achievements in school are not credible in light of his basic shyness. No matter, or not much, anyway. Only in the final 35 minutes, as Hoffman drives up and down the LA-Frisco route in pursuit of Miss Ross, does the film faltér in pacing, result of which the switched-on cinematics become obvious, and therefore tiring, although the experience is made tolerable by the excellent music of Simon and Garfunkel. Which review 86) uses more than one contradiction to make its point? 87) neglects to identify the powerful role played by music in this film? 88) is critical of the rhythm of the film? 89) suggests the film contains elements which are hard to believe? 90) feels an actor's contribution was not appreciated as much as it should have been? 91) makes the point that the story on which the film was based is distasteful? 92) offers the suggestion that this film has become a cinematical reference? 93) looks at the film from different points in time? 94) offers a fleeting glimpse into the unfair way male and female behaviour is judged in society? 95) seems unnecessarily preoccupied by the timing of various elements of the film? Your answers - 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. a1. 92, 93 | 94, 95. 14FANPAGE T/ TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang1807@gmail.com IV. WRITING (60 POINTS) Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be between 100 and 120 words. Hunger is a result of poverty, but it also causes poverty. In many countries, women, although they do much of the farming, lack access to trai management of natural resources, displacement of small farmers by natural disasters, and financial and economic crises that eliminate jobs at the lowest levels, all contribute to creating conditions that push the poorest into hunger. To break this vicious cycle, the United States launched, in 2010, Feed the Future Initiative, which aims to reduce global hunger, poverty, and undernutrition by focusing on smallholders, increasing investments in agriculture and supporting country-owned plans for improving food security and nutrition while generating opportunities for economic growth and trade, Back then, the U.S. government selected 19 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America to participate in the initiative, based on S criteria. Since 2010, Feed the Future has helped 9 million people living in the patticipating countries pull themselves out of poverty. The passage of the U.S. Global Food Security Act of 2016 endorsed Feed the Future's approach and ushered in a new era of the U.S. government global food security invesimeat. A new, corresponding global food security strategy developed by the U.S. government is guiding Feéd the Future's work as the initiative into its second phase. On August 31st, USAID Administrator Mark Green announced that Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, Kenya, Mali, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda were selected to participate in this new phase of Feed the Future. "With the participation of these 12 countries, the second phase of Feed the Future will be focusing its efforts on promoting long-term, sustainable development that brings partners ‘ogether to help people hamess the power of smart agriculture to jump-start their local economies and lift themselves out of poverty," said Administrator Green. "By equipping people with the tools to feed themselves over the long term, Feed the Future is addressing the root causes of hunger and poverty. This long-term investment builds communities that are more resilient to drought, famine and other natural disasters, and less dependent on emergency foo assistance." : ing, credit or land. Conflict, poor or corrupt 5FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang!807@gmail.com 16FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang!807@gmail.com | Part 2, The bar chart shows the number of heat-related illnesses suffered by high school students per 100,000 sports events in central US states. The line graph shows the average - temperatures for one year in a central US state, Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. You should write about 150 words. Jan Feb Mar ‘Ae May Jun Jul Aug Sap Oct Nov Dec Month Average Temperature Range Wichta.KansasFANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang|807@gmail.com 18FANPAGE TAI LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO. hohaidang!807@gmail.com Part 3. Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic, Some people say that developed countries should be the major force to curb global issues such as pollution, global warming or pandemic. Discuss the statement and give your opinion 19FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang] 807@gmail.com 20FANPAGE TAI LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang!807@gmail.com KEY AND EXPLANATION; I. LISTENING (50 POINTS) Part 1 1, TRUE 0.47 Animism - the belief that spirit infuses objects, nature and the whole of existence - is a fundamental principle of many indigenous societies, ! 2. PALSE 1.35 And, today, for many indigenous people of the world, like the U'wa tribe in Colombia, the Earth is not just the dust from which human beings are made, it's the spirit of their people and ancestors, It's their history. Itis life itself. This isn't always an easy idea for people in today's Westem societies to grasp. The Druids of Ancient Britain did grasp it. 3. NOT GIVEN 1.42 But when Christianity spread through Europe, animism was condemned as pagan and savage. European colonialism enforced these views around the globe, in places like the Americas and Australia-crushing the indigenous peoples and their nature wisdom, European colonialism only spread ideas that animism is savage, it is not clear whether it was the main cause of the downfall of animism or not. 4, NOT GIVEN 2.17 Was there any scientific thinking behind our ever-increasing control over the natural world? 17th Century Europe thought so. In fact thought was all the rage then. It is not clear whether there was any definite answer, just speculations. 5. TRUE 3.58 Influenced by a resurgent indigenous view of Pachamama, Bolivia and Ecuador have passed laws grénting all nature equal rights with humans, Part 2 6, ambient WIFI signals 0.29 7. copper and graphene fillings 0.52 8. (the) spikes and troughs 1.21 9. (the) flow meter 1.47 10. button, knob, slider 2.40 Part 3 ILD Ac 13.A 14,.B 15.B Presenter: In the studio we have Hal Jordan, eminent classical composer and music historian. Hal has written a fascinating book, tracing the major breakthroughs in the history of music. Now T'd like to start at the wrong end, so to speak, (laughs), and ask you. Hal, what effect do you think computers have had on music and composing in particular? Hal: Well, the most obvious one is practical. A composer can use a computer like a word processor to speed up the whole business of writing the parts for individual instruments in an orchestral piece. But like the innovation of word processing for writers, it has to some extent 24FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO. hohaidang1807@gmail.com changed the psychology of the way we write as well, because you can try things out that you wouldn't have tried before. So I think that's one thing, although there's a caich to all this which is (11) that only someone who can read music can tell whether what the computer has come up with is right, And what we spend our time doing is correcting what the computer has produced, but I'm not sure what's going to happen in fifty years' time when people no longer know what music's supposed to look like. Presenter: But computers take some of the drudgery out of your work, Hal: Certainly, but some composers have also used them to play games with music, you know, by introducing the chance principle, where you just let the computer choose notes.(12) What?s interesting is that, in this experiment, we're bypassing the man ear, which has always been crucial in assessing music. And after a while, everybody realized it’s a blind alley. Presenter: But not a complete waste of time, surely? Culturally, things happen for a time until something becomes a convention and then it's absolutely necessary creatively to break that convention, Perhaps machines can help us do that. Hal: Absolutely. Machines generally have had a huge effect on music and the most obvious one is the invention of recorded sound at the end of the 19th century. Unpredictable things ensued, for example, um, that music from one culture was carried te another, mixed with it and started a third form of masic. (13) Or the fact that audiences started to hear musie they were unaccustomed to and this affected how they listened, the way they heard their own music. Presenter: Locking at earlier breakthroughs, how was music passed on before people worked outa system for writing music down on paper- notation I believe it’s called, isn’t it? Hal: Correct, yes. Well, it was done largely by memory or by someone singing to someone else, as simple as that. Oddly enough, the invention of notation in Europe in about the year 1000 was the first big step that took Western music away from other forms of music, because elsewhere people never really cracked it. They kept to the traditional way, which involved memory and improvisation, so music happened spontaneously, What notation did was that it said: “This is what it's like today and we can perform it tomorrow exactly the same. We can hand it to someone who's never met us, if they are suitably proficient, and theyll play it as well”. Presenter: Except they don't, do they ? Hal: Not exactly, but it's closer than any other system's ever been. (14) And the other thing was it gave you a graphic layout for music and if meant you could haye architecture for music, you could build structures you couldn’t possibly conceive of just by improvising, or singing to your mate. Presenter: So, it shifted the balance of power from the performer to the composer? Hal: Before that, all performers were composers in a way, beeause they were making up as they went along. Still in some Eastern music, and European folk music too, the composer and the performer are the same person. Presenter: This reminds me of the impact of writing on language, Some linguists talk about the invention of writing having cost us dear, as it removed us fiom the spontaneity of process and fixed it more in place. Hal: Except that it's also true that the spontaneous version of music carried on alongside, notation was just another tool. (15) Take jazz which is an African Western amalgamation 22FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO, hohaidang1807@gmail.com in which people iniprovise and yet it's intermingled with the technique of notation. Some listeners believe erroneously that jazz is chaotic, while the musicians are actually working to a prearranged pattern, like a map if you like. But instead of having it set out in front of them, it’s in their heads. Presentet: And so, let’s turn to.. Part 4 16. drapes of light 0.20 17. astrophysical phenomena 0.43 18. convective 1.03 19. coronal mass ejections 1.32 20. tidal wave 2.06 21. (the) auroras 2.22 22. jets of gas 2.50 23. rogue currents 3,08 24. interconnected, electrified planet 3.54 25, capacitors 4.24 IL LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 POINTS) Part L. 26.C blissfully happy/ignorant/unaware: rét hanh phiic/hoan toan kadng nhdn biét ring be sorely tempted/missed: rit muén/rat nhé steadfastly refuse: kién quyét phan d6i woefully inadequate: v6 ciing t hai 2.D x colour scheme: cach phéi mau 28.A abort pregnaney/missi abscond: laing 1é révi kh banish sb fronv/to sth: true xudt ai ri khdi/dén noi ndo 46 rupture: doan tuyét, tuyét giao, cét ditt; lam gidn dogn (mét mdi quan hé) 29.B raise red flags: bo hiéucé sy 06 hay méi de doa fire on all cylinders; lam vige/thye hign chite ning va hoat dng 6 méc dd higu qua nhAt, ning sudt cao, thc 46 manh va voi cudng 46 lon. rake over the ashes: nhée Lai hoge goi lai nhtng ki te xua, thwong la nhtng chuyén khéng t6t dep pack heat: mang theo sting 30.C simmer down: kim nén edm xtie gobble up: ngén (tién bgc)/cOng ty 1én kiém sot cdng ty nho lavish on: chi nhiéu tién vao 31.D BFANPAGE TAI LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang1!807@gmail.com rock bottom: day bare bones: nhiing cai co ban nhat cia yn dd think tank: cdc t6 chite nghién ciru, phén tich va van dng chinh sich, cung edp céc phan tich va tu van chinh sich cho cae van dé uncharted waters: nhiing diéu mo hé, xa la, khé 32.A forge ahead: dat tién bd bat thinh linh plunge ahead: tiép tye lim gi 46 mét céch kién dinh plough ahead: tiép tye lam gi dé dit khé Ikhiin hay vp phai sy phan déi press ahead/on with sth: tiép tuc Kim gi dé mt edch kién dinh 33.C rack and ruin: tiéu tan thinh may Kkhdi, tiéu tan swe nghigp hem and haw: chin chiy, luéng lyr khi noi tryc tiép vé mét vin dé nado 46 rant and rave: quat théo am 7 wax and wane: thing trim, lén xuéng 34.4 so much for: thét bai so be it: hay ch4p nhan 35.B devout: sting dao 36. remote: thp (co hdi, kha ning) 37.D . dogged: budng binh, ngoan cb 38.B in the fullness of time: s8 xay ra & thoi diém thich hop 39.4 self-government: ty tri, tu chit self-sufficiency: ty cung ty ofp 40.B Sadfishing 1a m6t thuit ngit duge sir dung dé m6 té mdt xu huéng hn vi trong dé moi nguei dura ra nhtng tuyén b6 phong dai vé cdc van dé cam xtic cia ho dé tao ra su cam théng. Part 2, 41. foresight (n) : tm nhin xa, sy nhin xa thdy trade 42, verbosity (n) : dai ding 43. inscrutable (adj) : khéng thé hiéu duge 44, acculturated (v) : tiép bién van héa gidi thich qué trinh thay di van héa va thay déi tam ly 1a két qua theo sau cude gp g6 gitta cdc nén van héa, 45. uproariously (adv) : hai huréclén to IIL READING (50 POINTS) Part 1, - 46: artificial 47. product 48. fashion 49. that 50. beauty 51, struggling | 52. roamed 53. power 54. constantly | 55. forces | 24FANPAGE TAILIEU TIENG ANITNANG CAO hohaidang!807@gmail.com Part 2. S6.v The question is whether this educational system advances or retards their eause, and there are supporters on both sides, each convinced that the case is made. 57. viii Yet in the real world and the society in waich we live, segregation of some sort happens all the time, 58. ii Thus, one study comes out with strong proof of the efficacy of single-gender schooling, causing a resurgence of interest and positive public sentiment, only to be later met with a harshly-titled article. 'Single-Sex Schooling: The Myth and the Pseudoscience’, published and endorsed by several respected magazines. Similarly, the arguments on both sides have apparent validity and often accord, on the surface at least, with common sense and personal observation 59. x Proponents of separating the genders often argue that it promotes better educational results, not only in raw academic scores but also behaviour. 60. ¥ When taking these factors into account, large-scale studies, as well as the latest findings of neuroscientists, do not support the claims of superior results or persistent gender differences, respectively, Those who make such claims are accused of emphasising favourable data, and drawing conclusions based more on anecdotal evidence and gender stereotyping. 6h One of the most common is that girls are free from the worry of sexual harassment or negative behaviour originating from the presence of boys. 62.¥i ‘ Among this welter of convicting argument, one can, at least, fall back on one certainty - that the real world is co-gendered, and each side often misunderstands the other. Supporters of coeducation argue that positive and co-operative interaction between the genders at school reduces such divisions by de-emphasising gender as a factor of concern. 63. iit The key point is whether the interaction in co-educational settings is indeed positive and cooperative. Some would say it could equally be the opposite, and surely it must occasionally be so (if we abandon the rosy picture painted in the previous paragraph), But I would say that that interaction, whether good or bad, whether academically enhancing or retarding, still constitutes education, and of a vital nature. It presents exactly the same subset of challenges that students, male or female, will ultimately have to deal with in the real world 64.B When taking these factors into account, large-scale studies, as well as the latest findings of neuroscientists, do not support the claims of superior results or persistent gender differences, respectively. 65.4 Thus, one study comes out with strong proof of the efficacy of single-gender schooling, causing a resurgence of interest and positive public sentiment, only to be later met with a harshly-titled article. ‘Single-Sex Schooling: The Myth and the Pseudoscience’, published and endorsed by several respected magazines, 66.E 25FANPAGE TAI LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang1807@gmail.com Single-gender schools are often the most prestigious in society, demanding the highest entry marks from their new students, who, in turn, receive more deference and respect from society. 67.D Given that the word ‘segregation’ has such negative comnotations, the current intorest in single-gender schooling is somewhat surprising ' 68.C But such sentiments, admittedly, do sound as if we are retreating into self-promotional Propaganda, In other words, these statements are just glib and unreal assertions, rather than a reflection of what actually happens in the co-educational classroom, Part 3, 69.H When Bill Feeney stood out under the full moon on a fiigid early April night in Northern Wisconsin in 1944 and gave a deep, full-throated howl, he was not expecting what he received: an equally deep, full-throated response from a wolf he and his colleagues hom the Wisconsin Conservation Department had been tracking... Since he is deceased, we can't ask him whether he considered this to be a new research tool that built on tracking wolf prints, examining seat, and searching for dens. Feeney's call and response came years before wildlife biologists began to use vocalizations as 2 tool to study wolf packs, 70.D In the 1940s, Wisconsin was only one of four states where wolves were sfill extant - the last known gray wolf in that state was Killed in 1958. The species has now returned and has been removed from the state's endangered species list... In fact, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan now each have wolf hunting seasons and cull quotas TLE He focused on counting and better understanding wolves' social and hunting habits - knowledge he knew might bé unattainable in the future, given that the state was paying a bounty of 20 dollars fora dead adult wolf and 10 dollars for a pup... Deer huntors were already steamed over the recent introduction of hunting regulations, and considered wolves « major competitor 72.0 In the late 1950s, biologist Douglas Pimlott began broadcasting recordings of wolf howls in Ontario's Algonquin Provincial Park, wondering if they might respond... Indeed, they did 2B.G The vocalist issues aan initial howl - not too loud in case the pack is nearby and then repeats the howl three times, tuming 90 degrees each time, to ensure itis amplified to each of the cardinal directions... Then, he waits and listens. 4A Instead, researchers rely on recordings. 'It's far easier to do the kinds of studies we do than it was a fow years ago because now we're using digital files,’ says Mike Webster, a professor in Cornell's Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and the director of the Macaulay Library, which holds the world’s largest archive of wildlife sounds and videos ... "With digital files we can manipulate them. You can take a single note and change its frequency and do playbacks right away and see how the animal we are studying responds. With tape, you have to splice and it takes hours on end. 75.B Studying recordings Jets researchers discern things like the emotional state of individual birds, and it has revealed clues as to how animals adapt to changing 26FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO. hohaidang|807@gmailcom environments...'Birds in cities sing differently than those in the country, because we humans make a hell of a lot of noise, so they shift the way they sing to make it louder,’ Part 4, 76.D ‘However, some educationalists are now questioning this theory and are using video games as effective educational tools thus bridging the gap between recreational and educational activities. There may, for example, be sociological, psychological, and ethical implications built into the gameplay. Harvey Edwards, who teaches IT classes in London, was one such educator who decided to use video games in his lessons. 77.B ‘The original version can be adapted to control which characters and content are left in. 78.C 79.C This dynamic bears a resemblance to traditional education, an observation highlighted by Martina Williams, one of the leaders of the group. 80.4 While many progressive commentators cite extensive evidence to maintain that video games encourage collaboration and build problem-solving skills, more traditional factions continue to insist they are a distraction that do not merit inclusion in any curriculum, Even less evangelical cynics, who may grudgingly acknowledge games have some educational benefit, assert that this is only the case in the hands of creative educator, 81D I find it strange, this image that many people have, Conway ngac nhién vi moi nguési nghi 1A game 14 mt trd chai don de, trong khi ngudi choi game cé thé thio luan véi nhau. 82.C 83.B ~ subtly = ingeniously = tinh xdo 84.D grudgingly = reluctantly = mién cudng 85.A Part 5. 86.C Directorially, it is as cutting-edge late-Sixties as you can get, all fish-bowl juxtapositions, dappled light and pensive close-ups. But the world we're in here is essentially a Fifties hangover, a staid, suburban one still 1uled over by The Old Folk, a place where the teason you get together with a seductively smoking alcoholic in her forties is not so much because you find her attractive but because she's the only person in the vicinity as bored as you. 87.4 88.D Only in the final 35 minutes, as Hoffman drives up and down the LA-Frisco route in pursuit of Miss Ross, does the film falter in pacing, result of which the switched-on cinematics become obvious, and therefore tiring, although the experience is made tolerable by the excellent music of Simon and Garfunkel, 89.D Only in retrospect does one realize a basic, but not overly damaging, flaw that Hoffman's achievements in school are not credible in light of his basic shyness. 90. B The excellence of Katherine Ross as Mrs Robinson's daughter, Elaine, is often overlooked. on. 27FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO, hohaidang]807@gmailcom And yet in pursuing this simple story line, which has been adorned with delicious incidents and crackling dialogue in the screenplay by Calder Willingham and Buck Henry, based on a novel by Charles Webb, the still exploring Mr. Nichols has done such sly and surprising things with his actors and with his camera, or, rather, Robert Surtees's camera, that the overall picture has the quality of a very extensive and revealing social san. 92.¢ As the benchmark for every inter-generational relationship film since, it tends to live in the male public imagination largely as a reference point for cheeky forbidden fantasies regarding older women the world over. 93.B The Graduate itself does not seem the same in 2017 as it did in 1967. 94.B You cannot see it without wondering how it might look and feel if the sexual roles were reversed. 98.D In the 70 minutes which elapse from Hoffman's arrival home from school to the realization by Miss Ross that he has had an affair with her mother, the pic is loaded with hilarious comedy ‘and, because of this, the intended commentary on materialistic society is most effective... Only in the final 35 minutes, as Hoffinan drives up and down the LA-Frisco route in pursuit of Miss Ross, does the film falter in pacing, result of which the switched-on cinematics become obvious, and therefore tiring, although the experience is made tolerable by the excellent music of Simon and Garfunkel. TV. WRITING (60 POINTS) Part 1. The passage describes in detail the two stages of Feed the Future, an American initiative intended to combat world hunger and poverty. The first stage began in 2010 with the participation of 19 countries from less developed parts of the world. By concentrating on smallholders and agricultural finance, helping nations with their programmes on food security and nutrition, and fostering economic development, the initiative successfully saved millions of people from poverty. Feed the Future entered its second stage in 2016. This time, it aimed to tackle the root causes of poverty by adopting a long-term strategy, which has utilized smart agricultural practices in 12 chosen countties to build sustainable economies and develop self: reliance in times of disaster. Part 2. The given bar chart illustrates the number of heat-related illness cases reported among high- schoolers in every 100,000 sporting events in central US states in one year, while the line graph shows the average temperatures in Fahrenheit over the course of a calendar year in one of those states, Overall, the mejority of heat-related cases were recorded in the second half of the year with its pak in August. In addition, there was an inconsistent link between temperature records and the number of illnesses caused by heat. Specifically, August saw a record high of students affected by heat-related illnesses, at slightly under 70 cases per 100,000 events. This was also one of the hottest months, with temperatures ranging from 68°F to 92°F. From September to December, the number of illnesses experienced a constant drop from approximately 12 cases to merely 2 cases, Likewise, the temperatures during the same period decreased steadily from just above 80°F in September to around half 28FANPAGE TAI LIRU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang!807@gmail.com that figure at the end of the year for the high range and from exactly 60°F to just about 25°F for the low range. However, during the first half of the year, there was no correlation between illnesses and average temperatures. While the temperatures in January were at their lowest for the whole year, the number of heat-related illnesses reported in this month was relatively high (about 7 incidences). Meanwhile, recorded diseases dropped to zero in February and May when the registered temperatures ranged from 25°F to 45°F for the former and 55°F to 75°F for the latter. ‘The figures for illnesses in March, April, June and July were largely the same, hovering around 2 cases. Part 3 With a simple Internet search, one may be bombarded with aerial footage of the Great Pacific garbage patch, a floating mass of marine debris that has threatened the well-being and existence of many creatures including man. As alarming 2s the situation is, controversy remains concerning who should be in charge, as with other pressing global issues, namely climate change or disease outbreaks. It is sometimes believed that the developed world should take the main responsibility for solving global problems. From my perspective, the duty must be equally shared by all nations. On the one hand, some people argue that developed countries are mainly responsible for resolving matters of global concern. The primary reason is that such nations are overwhelmingly to blame for certain global catastrophes. For example, Western countries Contribute to soaring pollution levels by buraing fossil fuels and emitting greenhouse gasses disproportionately into the environment, driving the planet toward serious ecological disasters. Accordingly, it is sound that these developed countries take the lead in addressing the consequences.” Furthermore, developed countries generally possess more capabilities in hhandling global issues. Many first-world nations enjoy the privilege of sustainable economies and moder technological advances, thus, would have the financial and technical availability to deal with pressing threats more effectively than their less-developed counterparts, For instanee, first-world countries are highly capable of providing humanitarian aid to lift people out of hunger or giving poorer regions acesss to vital medical goods at affordable prices during pandemics. Meanwhile, many Aftican nations are still struggling to feed their citizens and ensure basic living standards, let alone cope with other matters. However, it is my firm bolief that the developed world should not be in charge of global problems alone and such responsibility should be fairly divided among all nations. Firstly, itis not only developed countries that trigger global issues but mankind altogether. For instance, compared to the rich nations’ notorious overexploitation of natural resources for their industrial activities, many impoverished parts of the world, particularly in South and Centtal Africa, also contribute to environmental pollution through spontaneous urbanization. Therefore, it is reasonable that countries join hans to curb the contamination and disasters of which they are the culprit. Secondly, joint efforts and collaboration fiom all sides are more likely to put intemational problems under control. A larger number of nations working together towards world matters will mean more investment and resources being devoted to finding effective resolutions than just individual, separate attempts from certain countries, Although the developed world tends to take the lead in vaccine development, the reporting and sharing of 29FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO, hohaidang|807@gmail.com laboratory samples from seemingly unprivileged regions are no less critical. The genomic data of Omicron, one of the most transmissible COVID-19 variants, was first publicized by South Afiican researchers as soon as they noticed the mutation in 2021. Without such contribution amidst the pandemic peak, even first-world nations would have had much more difficulties containing the upsurge of infections in time. In conclusion, while people may maintain several reasons why the developed world should be at the forefront of addressing world issues, I strongly believe that this should be the shared duty of all nations. Therefore, itis essential that global cooperation for sustainable development be widely encouraged and embraced to ensure a brighter, more promising future for mankind, 30FANPAGE TAI LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang! 807@gmail.com PRACTICE TEST 2 I. LISTENING (50 POINTS) Part 1:.For questions 1-5, listen to a radio programme about travel insurance and decide whether these statements are True (T), False (F), or Not given (NG). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided, 1.A survey revealed that one in four travellers to Europe are not covered. 2. People mistakenly assume that the EHIC affords them the same medical coverage abroad as at home. 3. The lack of government hospitals is an issue faced by people travelling to rural areas, 4, Foreign visitors who do not take out insurance might receive poor treatment while in hospital, 5. People decide not to purchase insurance because they have to pay for the excess. Your answers a: 2. 3 4. i Part 2: For questions 6-10, listen to a report on China’s power and answer the questions, Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 6. In which fields, aside ftom space, is China investing heavily? 7. On the path to global dominance in economy and military, what do Chinese scientists resort to at times? 8. Besides meitical treatments and astronomical discoveries, what is mentioned as an example of China’s scientific potential? 9. According to President Xi, what can be obtained by the time the Communist Party’s control over Chinese society is strengthened? 10. To whom would key characteristic of science pose a threat? 6. 7. 8. $, 10. Part 3: For questions 11-15, listen 10 part of an interview with a British politician. Choose 4, B, Cor D. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 11, Susan says that she particularly dislikes politicians who A. pretend to feel strongly about issues. B, openly treat voters with contempt. C. are indecisive about issues. D. disguise their real beliefs. 12. When she had her disagreement with Martin Jones, Susan A. decided that personal ambition was not her main motivation. B. began to feel that she had failed asa politician, C. felt that her point of view was not correctly understood. D. regretted the effect it would have on her future in politics, 31FANPAGE TAI LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang1807@gmail.com 13, What wes Susan’s attitude to involving colleagues in the controversy? ‘A. She realized that they were unlikely to share her point of view. B. She felt they should decide for themselves whether she had a point. C. She thought that involving colleagues would make things worse. D. She was reluctant to do so because she was not sure she was right. 14, When asked whether her opinions of her colleagues have changed, Susan says that A. their reaction has made her reluctant to get into the same position again. BB. she prefers those who criticized her to those who kept their opinions private, C. there may come a time when she does not publicly support them on issues. D politicians place too much emphasis on their personal opinions of each other 15. Susan thinks she was considered mad by some other politicians because ‘A. her behavior was out of character. B. they found her intimidating. C. she did not conform. D. her unselfishness shamed them. Your answers: i. 2. 13. 14, 15. Part 4: For questions 16-25, listen to a talk about salt and pepper and supply the blanks with the missing information, Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces provided. Salt and pepper- a strong and prevalent pair © Salt: Whether it originates from underground sources, salty lakes, of 16. , Salt bas been a life necessity for centuries. Among the 17. the Romans had the most remarkable impact on the development of salt production end control. In medieval times, salt was pricey and state-controlled, and together with 18, made of precious metals, salt represented people’s status on dinner tables. The practice of adding salt to one’s meet was common as written guidelines were available to explain 19. __or even carving techniques. © Pepper: It used to be a costly spice before the large-scale cultivation of black pepper reduced its costs, leading to the expression 20. “ ” which denoted a small amount of money in the 16th century, However, real changes to pepper's availability came when 21. began to favour French cuisine, French cooks, seeking to combine compatible ingredients found out that pepper wes well- suited to savory salt. Accordingly, in the 22. of the next century, the pair was used more than other spices. By the Victorian age, salt and pepper were standard ingredients and the former was widely available in 23. vIn 1911, salt shakers flourished thanks to a Chicago company’s patenting of an 24. , and pepper shakers thrived shortly afterwards. However, salt and pepper are not a favored combination everywhere, Other ingredients, such as the fish 32FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang1807@gmail.com sauces, the vinegars, the pickles, the sambals, and the 25. are still preferred in other cultures. IL LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 POINTS) Part 1. For questions 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following questions and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 26. The team defended __, but the opposition was too strong. A. ferociously B. fervently C. frantically D. frenetically 27. The needs of today's children cannot be met by the traditional ___of eucation we’re using, in which emphesis is placed solely on theoretical knowledge A. prototype B, paradigm C. emblem D. epitome 28. After the fraud scandal, the famous singer had to make great efforts to___his reputation. A. reinforce B. leverage C. retrieve D. salvage 29. The authority scems powerless to___of violence across the city after the new law was implemented. A. beat the air B.holdthefire C. stemthetide —_—_—D., step of the curb 30. New policies have been implemented by the government with a view tothe ailing economy after the pandemic, A. hashing out B. keeling over C. knuckling down _D. shoring up 31. Perhaps tomorrow's event will mark the of my life, I cannot wait any longer! A. bright buff B. full spark C. high spot D. full bloom 32, I was absolutely starving and dowa my dinner as soon as it was put in front of me. A. crammed B, swallowed C. wolfed D. gnawed 33. Negotiations went but we did manage to reach an agreement on the contract by the deadline, ‘A. down to the short strokes B. down for the count C. down to the ground D, dowa to the wire 34.1'll say ____for him - he never leaves a piece of work unfinished. A. as much B. abitmuch C. this much D. too much 35. My aunt is clearly bathing in the reflected __of her son’s outstanding performance and enviable achievements in the National Contest. A. glow B. glory C. fame D. splendor 36, Recent inconsiderate statements Mr. Key made in the public are believed to be___to the cooperation between our company and the DYC. A. innocuous B. prejudicial C. vacuous D. sinister 37. Baking a hundred cakes in two days is undeniably a___order, but I believe we will manage it with unity. A. tall B. high C. huge D. big 38. After winning the lottery, the man squandered his money on gambling and was soon on ___after a year. A, Queer street B. Baker street C. Pauper street ——_-D. Tramp street 39. Much as I like Literature, I cannot stand my teacher’s voice-slow, emotionless and without 33FANPAGE TAI LIEU TENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang1807@gmail.com A. inflation B. reflection C. inflection D. infliction 40. After winning the lottery, they moved into a more _____ house in a high-class residential area and had a more comfortable life. A.wellattended —_B, well-built C. well-appointed —_D. well-disposed Your answers 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 3. 32. _] 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. wD. | 40. Part 2. For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered boxes provided, 4l. stress disorder is the most common psychological ill-effeect of torture and other forms of coercive interrogation, (TRAUMATIC) 42. Bven our fastest rockets are __slow when feced with the gulf of interplanetary space. (AGONY) 43. The of his fave was caused by an explosion. (FIGURE) 44. A leader with real charisma is needed to the political party. (VIVID) 45. The corporation's profits increased dramatically this year, after a rather performance last year. (LACK) Your answers 41. 42. 43. 44, IIL READING (50 POINTS) Part 1. For questions 46-55, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided, The dream of youth is as 46. as time, and people have gone to great lengths to preserve 47.. . It is said that Cleopatra bathed daily 48, milk to preserve the beauty two great Roman fell in love with. Countess Erszebet Bathory of Hungary ‘was said to have drunk the blood of hundreds of young women in the 49. belief that it would keep her like them; it is from 50. among other sources, that the legend of the vampire came from. Indeed, literature abounds with such stories; the Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde is 51. it recounts the story of a beautiful young ‘man who makes a deal so that his portrait grows old instead of him. It was not until the twentieth century that the health care industry 52,__ out into the preservation of the body, producing the efficacious, and most profitable arrn of medicine today. Treatments generally rely onplastic surgery of one sort or 53. 3 facelifts, tummy-tucks, liposuction and the like. Your local 54, also testify that anti-winkle creams sell well, and pills containing vitamin boosts, hormones and herbal concoctions can keep you looking good all the 55. to the end. Your answers 46. 4, 48. 49. 50. 3. 52. 53. 54, 35. 34FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO. hohaidang!807@gmail.com Part 2, For questions 56-68, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. TOURISM A Tourism, holidaymaking and travel are these days more significant social phenomena than most commentators have considered. On the face of it there could not be a more trivial subject for a book. And indeed since social scientists have had considerable difficulty explaining weightier topics, such as work or politics, it might be thought that they would have great difficulties in accounting for more trivial phenomena such as holidaymaking. However, there are interesting parallels with the study of deviance. This involves the investigation of bizarre and idiosyncratic social practices which happen to be defined as deviant in some societies but not necessarily in others, The assumption is that the investigation of deviance can reveal interesting and significant aspects of normal societies. It could be said that a similar analysis can be applied to tourism. B Tourism is a leisure activity which presupposes its opposite, namely regulated and organised work. Itis one manifestation of how work and leisure are organised as separate and regulated sphetes of soci! practice in modem societies, Indeed acting as a tourist is one of the defining characteristics of being ‘modem’ and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organised within particular places and occurs for regularised periods of time. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places, ‘The journey and the stay” are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work and are of a short term and temporary nature and there is a clear intention to retum ‘home’ within a relatively short period of time. € A substantial proportion of the population of modem societies engages in such tourist practices new socilised forms of provision have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists as opposed to the individual character of travel. Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different senses from those customarily encountered. Such anticipation is constructed and sustained through a variety of non-tourist practices such as films, TV literature, magezines records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming. D Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are taken to be in some sense out of the ordinary. The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life. People linger over these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photographs postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured. E One of the earliest dissertations on the subject of tourism is Boorstins analysis of the pseudo event (1964) where he argues that contemporary. Americans eannot experience reality directly but thrive on pseudo events, Isolated from the host environment and the local people the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in inauthentic contrived attractions gullibly enjoying the pscudo events and disregarding the real world outside, Over time the images generated of different tourist sights come to constitute a closed self-perpetuating system of illusions which provide the tourist with the basis for selecting and evaluating potential places 35FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO. hohaidang! 807@gmail.com to visit. Such visits are made says Boorstin, within the environmental bubble of the familiar American style hotel which inswlates the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment, F To service the burgeoning tourist industry, an array of professionals has developed who {tempt {0 reproduce ever-new objects for the tourist to look at. These objects or places are Jecated in complex and changing hierarchy. This depends upon the interplay between, on the one hand, competition between interests involved in the provision of such objects and, on the other hand changing class, gender, and generational distinctions of taste within the potential Population of visitors. It has been said that to be a tourist is one of the characteristics of the modem experience. Noto go away is like not possessing a car or a nice house. Travel isa marker of status in modern societies and is also thought to be necessary for good health, The role of the professional, therefore, is to eater for the needs and tastes of the tourids s, accordance with their class and overall expectations, Questions 56-60 The reading passage has six paragraphs, A-P, Choose the correct heading for Paragraphs A-F from the list of headings. Paragraph D has been done for you as an example. List of Headings — The politics of tourism ' The cost of tourism | Justifying the study of tourism: | Tourism contrasted with travel Vv ~The essence of modem tourism Tourism versus leisure Vii The artificiality of modera tourism viii The role of modem tour guides ix Creating an aliernative to the everyday experience Write the correct number, i-ix, for each answer 56. Paragraph A 57. Paragraph B 58. Paragraph C —_ Paragraph ix 59, Paragraph E 60, Paragraph F Questions 61-64FANPAGE TAI LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang!807@gmail.com Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the reading passage? In boxes 61-64 write YES if the statement agrees with the writer NO if the statement contradicts the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 61. Tourism isa trivial subject. 62. Ananalysis of deviance can act as a model for the analysis of tourism. 63. Tourists focus more on places they visit than those at home. 64, Tour operators try to cheat tourists. Questions 65-68 Choose one phrase (A-H) from the list of phrases to complete each key point below. Write the appropriate letters (A-H) in boxes 65-68, 65. Our concept of tourism arises from 66. The media can be used to enhance __ 67. People view tourist landscapes in a different way from 68. Group tours encourage participants to look at List of phrases A’ local people and their environment |B the expectations of tourists re C the phenomena of holidaymaking, D the distinction we make between work and leisure E the individual character of travel F places seen in everyday life a == G photographs which recapture our holidays H sights designed specially for tourists Your answers 56. 57. /58. 59. 60. 61. 6. 63. 6. 66. 7. 68. Part 3. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 69-75, read the passage and choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is 37FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO. hohaidang|807@gmail.com ONE extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. Musical Roots ‘We don't need lengthy research and well-meaning experts on the subject to tell us that musie affects our mood. Music is everywhere in the world today, and neuroscientists say that melodies fire off brain neurons synchronously and give a sense of well-being to the listener, Music is the food of love - it fills our hearts, stirs our emotions, erouses our senses and soothes our souls, 69. Trying to pin down archacological evidence that our extinct human forebears were capable of making music is not easy. Not only does the human voice not fossilise, but neither do simple instruments, such as drums, which are made of perishable organic materials like wood and skin. 70. ‘The perforated thigh bone of a young bear, found in Slovenia, is significant in this respect, It is thought to be associated with occupation of the cave more than 35,000 years ago. The bone has two neat round holes reminiscent of finger holes, and the discovery has generated a lot of excitement and speculation that it is a primitive flute or recorder. If this is true, then the Neanderthals, who occupied the cave and are frequently described as nasty and brutish individuals, may have been a lot more civilised than previously thought. n “The excavators have concluded that there is apparently no convincing technological evidence thet the holes in the thigh bone were made by humans, but equally there is no convincing, evidence that the holes were made by the teeth of any of the predators from the list of animals on the site, The jury is still out but, whatever the outcome, one broken bone recorder does not make a band. 72. ‘And in fact, such mysterious incisions on bones have been found at a few other Neanderthal sites in Franec. However, as one specialist has pointed out, polished and regularly spaced grooves on bones can be produced by carnivore gnawing. BB. Evidence of their music can be found in wind-based instruments. From the archaeological record on sites across Europe, quite a number of hollow tubes fashioned from bird and reindeer bones have been found. Blowing across the hollow end of these horizontally held flutes produces a whistling noise similar to that produced by blowing across the mouth of a bottle, 74. Such reservations notwithstanding, good evidence for wind instruments is provided by delicately made bone pipes found on sites in several European countries. About three dozen sites are now known, many of which are more than 30,000 years old. The French pipes are 38FANPAGE TAI LIU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang!807@gmail.com made of hollow bird bones, and the Bastern example of reindeer or bear bones all have three to seven finger holes. Experiments have shown that they could have been held vestically rather than horizontally. 75. ‘The dating of these early instruments and pieces of evidence indicates that the emergence of musical sound coincided with the first use of colour and ritual by the earliest modem humans, somewhere between 35,000 and 30,000 years ago. In fact, this explosion of artistic ability may have even contributed to the Cro-Magnons establishing their superiority over the Neanderthals, ‘The Paragraphs A However, there is anatomical evidence, from the shape and position of fossilised bones which are situated at the base of the tongue, that these early humans may have been just as capable of singing as we are, But whether they used musical instruments is hotly disputed. B Several settlement sites in the Czech Republic and Ukraiac that are more than 20,000 years old have yielded similar artefacts. A mammoth-bone but contained bones with polished and scratched surfaces suggestive of their being held and hit. Interpretation of this new evidence therefore clearly contradicts previously convincing theories. C So perhaps the Neanderthals were not flautists at all, It should be eesier to find indications that our direct ancestors, the Cro-Magnons, were into making music. However, archaeological support for this is equally fraught with controversy, D So itis significant that there is another similarly contentious find, a 40,000 10 50,000-year- oldmammoth bone with at least 12 regularly spaced grooves cut into it. Discovered in Belgium, it has been interpreted as an idiophone, or skiffle, a simple percussion instrument that is still used today, E Again, whether these constitute musical instruments is questionable; they may have been used as decoy callers to attract animals. From their use, they may have evolved into music- making devices. However, music archacologist Graeme Lawson is highly sceptical of such interpretations, and warns against the dangers of jumping to easy conclusions about primitive orchestras, F However, others are sceptical of this view, because in those times, the instrument's holes would have been made either by drilling or gouging. But close examination of the bone shows that the holes have been punctured. Many experts therefore suspect that they were more likely to have been produced by strong-jawed predators, such as hyenas, rather than to have been man-made. G The need to make music seems to be deeply rooted in the human psyche - but when did it all begin? Is musical composition and performance purely a modern human skill or is there evidence that our ancestors could also appreciate the sound of music? Hi Unfortunately, as most such pipes are broken, reconstructing their tonal properties is difficult. But one concrete example has been investigated by a modem musicologist and it was 39FANPAGE TAILIGU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang 1807@gmail.com found that once a head was fixed to the tube to direct air low, a strong, clear note was produced on a five-tone scale, Your answers 69. 70. 2. B. * | 5. ‘| Part 4. For questions 76-85, read an extract from an article and choose the answer A, By C or D that fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. Are you an Optimist or a Pessimist? As anation, the British are not a very optimistic bunch. When we were first granted the honour of hosting the 2012 Olympic Games, according to an opinion poll atthe time, 55 per cent of us were more concerned about the likely impact on the transport network while the Games were on than with celebrating the amrival of the greatest show on Barth. But alongside this type of staunch pessimism resides an unsettling feeling that we should be more positive. We are always trying to dislodge each other's pessimism, Test it for yourself: sit gloomily in a public place aad see how long it takes before a smiling passer-by says, "Cheer up, it might never happen!" ot offers one of those trite aphorisms bout ‘looking on the bright side! or ‘clouds having silver linings’. ‘The self-help industry rakes in billions through peddling hope and positive thinking. But cana Positive outlook really improve our lives? How can optimism make people more trustworthy, oF sports events more successful? It can't, says Professor Elaine Fox, a neuroscientist who recently published a book called Rainy Brain, Sunny Brin ebout our ambivalent feelings of optimism and pessimism. Our negativity is the response of a rational mind and positivity is a delusion, she says, and for most of us they both act to balance us out, ‘Positivity is a delusion. But itis 2 useful delusion. If we didn't have some sort of optimism we wouldn't ever get out of bed in the morning. But pessimism has its place,’ she says, So, when we think positively, are we just tricking ourselves that things will get better? I's a little more complicated than that, says Professor Fox. 'Where self-help books say "just think happy thoughts” it doesa't work.’ But some degree of optimism can work to our advantage, because if we feel more positive, we will take more positive actions, ‘Optimism gives you a sense of control, she explains. So, to retum to the example of the Olympics, if we had just repeated the mantra, the Olympics will be amazing, the Olympics will be amazing’ it wouldn't have made it happen. In the event we actually did respond positively to them, but by taking the Kind of actions — buying tickets to events, or getting involved as volunteers — that meant we ended up loving the whole experience, More dramatically, positive thoughts can have concrete health benefits and can help us through certain situations, Professor Fox explains, In experiments on pain in which students are asked to keep their hands ina bucket of ice water for as long as they can stand it, students who believe they have been given. painkiller, but have in actual fact just been given a sugar pill, will keep their hand in longer than those who aren't given anything. Scans of their brains show they actually produce a surge of dopamine, a so-called ‘happy’ chemical, which combats the pain, 40FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang| 807@gmail.com "Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, said, "If I find 10,000 ways something won't work, I havent failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward." In general, optimists will try harder and spend longer on something than pessimists,’ says Professor Fox. 'They also believe they have some control over their life, and that's why they tend to be more successful." But don't shrug off your grumpy cynicism just yet. Professor Fox says a healthy dose of negativity can help us out, too. ‘The amygdala — the fear system in our brain that helps us detect threat and danger —is really atthe root of pessimism, Pessimism helps us suss out danger in our lives.' And although most of us are unlikely to need this reaction the same way our caveman ancestors did — for fight-or-flight reactions — fear is still a useful trait. 'A pessimistic outlook would work if you were setting up your own business,’ says Professor Fox, ‘to identify risk and avoid it! [A] So, there is a place for pessimism. [B] 'They say the aeroplane was invented by an optimist and the parachute was invented by a pessimist. [C] That's the reason I called the book Rainy Brain, Sunny Brain, because we need both.’ (D] 76. The writer says that British attitudes to the 2012 Olympic Games A. illustrated an underlying mindset. B, contradicted stereotypes of national character, C. reflected a shift in public opinion, D. indicated the dangers of ambivalence. 77. In the second paragraph, we learn that Professor Fox believes being optimistic A. is more desirable than being pessimistic. B. is a necessary counter to our negativity. C. is likely to lead to unrealistic expectations. D. is as natura) a quality as pessimism. 78. What does Professor Fox suggest about positive thinking in the third paragraph? A. It is difficult to find any sensible advice about it, B. It is ineffective unless carefully planned. C. It is desirable as it will lead to material benefits. D, Itis likely to be the basis for practical achievement. 79. What is the writer illustrating by using the phrase ‘the Olympics will be amazing"? A. the futility of merely thinking positively B. the way that positive thoughts can motivate people C, the importance of overcoming negative thinking D. the fact that people can be trained to think in certain ways 80. What point is exemplified by the reference to Thomas Edison? A. In order to be successful, we have to experience failure, B. Optimists gein success through persistence, C, Successful people are often unwilling to work for others. D. Success comes more easily to optimists than pessimists. 81. In the final paregraph, it is said that the invention of the parachute . Was a necessary consequence of the invention of the aeroplane, B. proved that humans always tend to fear the worst. C. was comparable to someone starting a company. 41FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO. hohaidang1807@gn il.com D. demonstrated a readiness to confront the idea of risk. 82. Where does this sentence belong to in the fifth paragraph? Anticipate sunshine, but carry an umbrella and you should get along just fine. ATA] B. [B] CIC] D. (DI 83. The word ‘trite aphorisms’ in the first paragraph is equivalentto__ ‘ ‘A. concise statements of a principle - B. lengthy expressions of wisdom C. clever phrases of a rule D. overused sayings of a general truth 84, The word ‘delusion’ in the second paragraph is equivalent to A. maintained false beliof B, straightforward sensory per C. uncontrollable mental disturbance D. settled way of thinking 85. The “fight-or-flight reactions” in the last paragraph refer to responses to something A. monotonous B. frightening C. attractive D, abstract Your answers 76. 77. 78. 79, 80. 81. 82. 83. 84, 85. Part 5. The passage below consists of five paragraphs marked A, B, C, D and E. For questions 86-95, read the passage and do the task that follows. Write your answers in the corresponding nuimbered boxes provided. The Modern City Jacob Moore spoke with five city dwellers to find out what they think are the problems with modern cities, A. Tain Bracewell It goes without saying that modern cities are somewhat problematic, simply because we don't have the capacity for all the people who already live here, let alone the millions who sce cities as a potential destination. Therefore, in my mind, it’s vital that we become a bit more imaginative about how we utilise city space, We're going to be somewhat reliant on technology to help us with this, by, for example, developing materials that we can use to build higher, slimmer and underground. This might seem less than ideal for the average city dweller, especially the notion having to spend a proportion of time below ground, but it might be the only practical solution to what the data suggest if we want to avoid cities growing at an uncontrolled rate across our countryside, And time is of the essence, we can’t put this kind of research and development off it while the population growth remains uncontained, B. Raphael Arco Cities are often seen in a bad light, but I think this is undeserved because they offer so much to so many. The fact is that cities are synonymous with opportunity, for employment, culture, you name it! That’s not to say they are utopias without any room for improvement, but I think we can solve a great majority of the issues affecting cities by addressing their infrastructure, People often cite their bugbears as being issues of convenience such as streets that aren’t walkable or road networks that are too dense, or even lack of space for increased public transport. Devote serious attention on improving these elements and cities will become far more liveable places 42FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANHTNANG CAO hhobaidang1807@gmail.com with, in turn, generally all-round happier residents! This might consist of tweaks or alternatively, in certain contexts, starting. from scratch to fundamentally redesign systems, but the benefits outweigh the sacrifices as they'd offer valuable solutions to how modern city life affects the natural environment and how well people gel together as a community, C. Jenna Crawford We need to face up to the fact that most cities aren’t the glorious places that they are painted to be, and that, for the majority of the inhabitants, the streets aren’t paved with gold. There is a big difference between the haves and have-nots, and while city life is a consumer paradise for the former, members of the latter category are completely locked out of the benefits cities bring and often lack fundamental services such as clean water or sanitation, Why this is still allowed in the modern world I'll never know, yet the powers that be seem disinclined to do anything but sweep the issue under the carpet. Property rental prices are also excessive, and this just gets to the point where you've got huge families living cramped in just two rooms, or people receiving full-time salaries with little to no chance of getting on the housing ladder. I understand that people think there are valuable opportunities to be had in cities, but, let’s face it, there are still plenty of people for whom opportunity has passed by. D. Caroline Birkenstein Our cities right now are in dire straits, We've got an affordable housing and ecological crisis in nearly every city on Earth, and it's crucial that we concentrate our efforts on these matters if we want our cities to continue to thrive. We can accomplish this by creating and promoting more sharing and communal practices, like coworking spaces or apartment buildings with common spaces for cating, socialising and exercising, and these, of course, shouldn't be extravagantly priced. It might not seem obvious, but it’s initiatives like these that help people form communities, and this community atmosphere encourages people to care more about their surroundings. Cities are also « massive drain on resources, and we need to identify strategies to counter this,and close the loop when it comes to this. With this in mind, we should ask ourselves how one excess can be used to give power to something clse. This kind of sustainability could be the key to making our cities much healthier places for individuals, the community and the suroundings we live in. E. Doug de Souza Cities today have one major problem thet we need to curb, and that is urban sprawl. At the moment, cities are like these huge sprawls, just spreading and spreading, and the further out, you go, the bigger plot each homeowner has and the more spacious all the services are. This really has anegative effect on so many elements of our lives, Firstly, it makes us more isolated; we're behind fences, and this is where feelings of difference and fear can stem from. We need integration to help people consider themselves a part of something, but, furthermore, sprawl increases the urban footprint significantly, and people start becoming dependent on their cars, simply because it’s not convenient to go anywhere on foot ~ rather, driving becomes the preferred option, I mean, I don’t think it takes a scientist to see the environmental problems that can arise from that. In which sections are the following mentioned? 86. Cities need to focus on how they can reduce one-time consumption. 87. A fix that will take a varying amount of effort. 88. Cities have a common reputation that overlooks their positive aspects. 89. An acknowledgement that the solution may be disagreeable to some. 90. Our cities are designed in a way that makes us feel detached from others. 91. How people can become more integrated in cities, 92. Some people are ignoring problems that we should be tackling. 43FANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang|807@gmail.com 93. Cities have been left to grow virtually unchecked, 94, Future cnhancemeats will be determined. by fundamental elements of construction. 95. The reputation of cities and the reality of cities are different. Your answers _ 86. 87. [38 89, 90. | OL | 92, 93, 94, Ss | ——— poet | IV. WRITING (60 POINTS) Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your suntnary should be between 100 and 120 words. The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert end the fertile savannahs of northern Nigeria and southern Sudan. The word sahe/ comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional, and this is a good description of these semiarid lands, which occupy much of the West African countries of Mall, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad. Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahel lands, United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the ory land in agricultural use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more prolonged and more severe, the most recent Jasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same, process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South A\ One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population, Overgrazing - keeping too many farm animals on the land ~ means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and searce water supplies are exhausted, Overcultivation - trying to grow too many erops on poor land - results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up. Soil erosion follows, and the land tums into desert, Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for other plants and animals. When trees are eut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species dic, and eventually the fertile topsoil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust, The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preveritable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been showa to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage of rainfall, One project in 44FANPAGE TAILIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang1807@gmail.com Kita in south-west Mali funded by the UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management of forest, while at the same time providing a viable agricultural economy based on the production of soaps, bee-keeping, and merketing shea nuts, ‘This may be a model for similar projects In other West African countries, 45FANPAGE TAI Li ‘TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang] 807@gmail.com Part 2. The pie and bar charts below show the percentage of water consumption and ute in Australia in 2004. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. You should write about 150 words, Water Consumer 6% 3% G Residential = House 50% + Apartment 20% B Industrial 11% Business : Government OOtherFANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang!07@gmail.com Residential Water Use (9) Bathroom Toilet Washing clothes —_Kitchen Garden 47FANPAGE TAI LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO, hohaidang! 807@zmail.com Part 3, Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic, Many people think that donating money is the most beneficial for those in neell. However, others argue that it is better to participate in charity organizations, ‘What is your opinion? Give reasons and specific examples to support your answer 48FANPAGE 'TAI LIRU TIENG ANI NANG CAO 49 hohaidang! 80/@gmail.comFANPAGE TAI LIEU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang|807@gmail.com KEY AND EXPLANATION: I. LISTENING (50 POINTS) Part 1 1, FALSE 2. TRUE 3. TRUE 4. NOT GIVEN 5. NOT GIVEN M1: Most of us love to travel to far-flung destinations to see the sights and sample the delights, but how many of us consider what might go wrong on our long-awaited getaway? Our reporter, Janet Morecombe, speaks to Kyle Adams about the importance of travel insurance. P: Its uly shocking the number of people that get caught out while on holiday. ABTA, the association of British travel agents has revealed that es many as one in four people don't Purchase insurance, and the number is almost one in three among people aged between 18 and 24. How would you account for these disturbing figures? M2: [1] They are disturbing, and a recent survey revealed that the figure for uninsured people travelling to Europe is actually as high as 34%. Unfortunately, a mimber of people in the survey seemed to misunderstand what they are entitled to while on holiday. A staggering number believed they didn't need insurance if they had the European Health Insurance Card, that it gave them the same level of protection as the NHS and that their medical bills would be covered by the UK government. But that's not how it works. [2] The EHIC is an important thing to have while travelling in the EU as it affords you basic state medical care in European countries but it is limited, Certain services that are free under the NHS are not in other countries. F: Also, it doesn't cover private treatment [3] and it can sometimes be difficult to find state run facilities if you're outside of a major city. M2: Yes, and the card also does not cover repatriation. So, [4] in the worst case scenario you could find yourself liable for not only a hefty hospital bill but also the cost of an air ambulance to get you home as well. And it's a cost that can easily be avoided by simply faking out insurance. Actually, a number of people in the survey cited the cost of insurance a5 one of the reasons for not getting it, but I think its clear that weighed against the potential cost arising from not having it, it's a price worth paying, F: And it's easy enough to shop around for the best price. M2: Absolutely! But just bear in mind that you must always check what is and isn't covered by your policy. That's why a lot of claims are rejected. Itsno good going skiing in the French Alps if you're not covered for extreme sports. [5] And on that note it's also a good idea to check any exeess you may be liable for were you to make a claim and decide if you deem it acceptable before you buy. Part2 6. genomics, quantum communications, materials 0.31 7. ethical shorteuts 1.02 8, battery technology 1.55 9. leading-edge science 2.41 10, autocrats 3.02 50FANPAGE TAI LIBU TIENG ANH NANG CAO hohaidang1807@gmail.com 15,C Interviewer: My guest today is former government minister, Susan Graham. While always regarded as somewhat unusual, it was only after her attack on her colleague Martin Jones for his policies as. senior government minister responsible for prisons, that she started to attract considerable media attention, by ‘no means all flatering, or, indeed, relevant, Susan, as a politician, do you always act on the things you belisve are righ Susan: I've always put my views on conscience issues, always, even if I know some of them are unpopular. I put them to the electorate so that people know exactly what they're petting, Tthink that is important. There is one thing I do despise, actually, and I really do despise it, its the politician who tries to have things all ways, not because he says honestly. “Actually, I haven't made up my mind, That's different, oczasionally we don’t make ourminds up. (11) But the politician who says, "Well, actually, T think this but it's a bit unpopular so I'm going to try and dress i¢ up and I'm going to try and present it in a different way to the electorate.”, That I actually think is wrong, Interviewer; Is polities your whole life? Susan: Certainly I do not wish to be engaged in any other profession other than politics. Interviewer: So what do you say to those people who feel that in the tremendous battle with Martin Jones, your political future could well have been closed off? Susan: Oh, that was a price that Tknew that I would have to pay right from the start. 'm aware that this will be open to misinterpretation, but I felt that ina way I was being brought to the time of trial. That if [let that weigh with me, that if I let my own political future weigh with me over an issue which I did consider to be &ormously important in all sorts of different ways, then really it wouldn't be worth having as a political future. (12) As T've said, to look at self-advancement in its own right, it isn't worth a damn, it really isn't. Interviewer: You would have got support privately. I'm sure, but in the end your colleagues didn't support you publicly, did they? Susen: No, let me make it very clear. One or two colleagues did very kindly come out in support. I actually said {o them, “No, you know, this is something I want to do alone. It is something that is much better than I do alone without embracing other people in it”. Interviewer: But isn't polities always about embroiling other people? Susan: No, i's not always about embroiling other people, Interviewer: Very often, then, very often, Susan: It can often be about embroiling ther people but not always, not invariably. I think there are some things about which you say. “I dont actually want to get anybody else caught up with this, This is something which I feel I've got to do." What I said was very straightforward: (13) ’m going to make my doubts and my reservations known. It is then entirely up to my colleagues whether they take those info account or not, and if they want to say no, they're not going to take those into aecount, that’s up to them. I did my duty at the point that I made my doubts end reservations known. I didn't have to go any further, Interviewer: But doesn't it affect your judgment of your colleagues that they didn't support you publicly? You felt so strongly, this is something you said was massively important. Susan: | think every time you take a stand on something and I have taken a number of stands in my time, then quite obviously the way that you look at your fellow MPs is going to be somewhat colored 5