REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

SOUTHERN PROVINCE
HUYE DISTRICT

THE END OF TERM TWO COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT 2023-2024

ADVANCED LEVEL

SUBJECT: BIOLOGY THEORY

CLASS: S5ANP, MCB, PCB
DURATION: 3HOURS

Indatirwabahizi twiyemeje kuba ku isonga mu mihigo !!!!

INSTRUCTIONS:
 Respect question order .
 This paper consists of TWO sections.
 Section A is compulsory (70).
 Attempt any three questins in section B (30).
 Do not open tyis paper until you are told to do so.
 Write your name correcty .
 Read each question carefull before anering it.
 You must use blue pen.
 Do not make unnecessary changes

Section A

1. In the nature, living organisms depend on each other and on their environment. This is very
important in the ecosystem. Answer by true if the statement is correct or false if the
statement is not correct. 2marks
a. Most organisms interact to get food, shelter, protection and to reproduce.
b. Mutualistic relationships provide benefits to partners, in terms of resources such as
pollination, to avoid competition, maintaining population structure and protection
against predation.
c. A bird making a nest in a tree is an example of amensalism.
2. Mechanical movement to inhale and exhale air is called 2 marks
a. Gas exchange c. Respiration
b. Breathing d. transport
3. Gas exchange is needed to supply to cell and remove 2 marks
a. Carbon dioxide, oxygen c. oxygen, nutrients
b. Oxygen, carbon dioxide d. carbon dioxide, water
4. The movement by diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across a membrane is called:
2marks
a. Gas exchange c. breathing
b. Ventilation d. respiration
5. The following are correct for inspiration except: 2 marks
a. External intercostal muscle contracts, internal intercostal muscle relaxes.
b. External intercostal muscle relaxes, internal intercostal muscle contacts.
c. Ribs are pulled upwards and outwards, whilst the diaphragm contracts and flattens.
d. This increases thoracic volume, decreasing air pressure so air is forced into the lungs.
6. What is the volume of air normally breathed in and out called? 2marks
a. Residual volume c. Tidal volume
b. Vital capacity
7. Gill cover is called operculum. 2 marks
a. True
b. False
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8. This toxic residue coats and paralyzes the cilia of lungs. 2 marks
a. Tar
b. Nicotine
c. Carbon monoxide
d. Benzene and lead
9. Atherosclerosis, thrombosis and arteriosclerosis of coronary artery may (all or each of
them) contribute to the heart failure or stroke.
a. True b. False 2 marks

10. What are the features of the cell walls in a xylem vessel? 2marks

11. The diagram below shows cross-sections through a root and a stem. 2 marks

12. Which graph shows most clearly what will happen to the rate of transpiration as humidity
increases? 2 marks

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13. The following questions relate to the study of chromosomes, nucleic acids, DNA
replication and protein synthesis. Fill in the gaps.
a. Chromatin fiber is made up with a DNA strand and …………… 2 marks
b. DNA strands are made up of pentose, ………. and four types of …… 2 marks
c. A gene contains 141 codons.
i. How many nucleotides are present in the gene’s coding sequence? 2 marks
ii. How many amino acids are expected to be present in the polypeptide encoded
by this gene? 2 marks
d. What is the difference between transcription and translation? 4 marks
14. The figure below shows a cell with six chromosomes.

a. This cell produces gametes by meiosis. Draw a diagram to show chromosomes in one
of the gametes. 4 marks
b. Mitosis of that cell produces 2 cells. Similarly, 2 cells undergoing mitosis give rise to
4 cells and so on. This can be generalized as: 2n = the number of daughter cells, where
n = the number of cycles mitotic cell division. If a tissue has at a given time 1024 cells,
how many cycles of mitosis had the original parental cell undergone? Show your
working. 2 marks

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15. Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number 2n=16? (for the
statement that is false, correct it to make it true.) 4marks
a. The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes.………………………………………….
b. There are 16 homologous pairs ……….………………………………………….
c. During the G2 phase of the cell cycle, there will be 8 pieces of chromatin ………….
d. A gamete from this species has 8 chromosomes (pieces of chromatin) ……………
16. The model below shows the process of meiosis.

a. According to the figure above, in what type of cells that enter meiosis I found? 1 mark
b. Considering what you already know about meiosis in cell, what event must take place
during interphase before a cell proceeds to division? 2 marks
c. What two structure make up a single replicated chromosome? 1 mark
d. How many replicated chromosomes does the cell contain during prophase? 2 marks

17. In plant leaf chloroplast, rubisco fix 2400 carbon dioxide molecules on 2400 RUBP
molecules.
a. Where in the chloroplast is carbon dioxide fixed on RUBP? 1marks
b. what is RUBP in full? 2marks
c. Determine the total number of:
i. TP produced after reduction phase 2marks
ii. Glucose molecules 2marks

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 iii. TP involved in regeneration of 2400 RUBP molecules. 2marks
iv. ATP molecules used to regenerate 2400 RUBP molecules 2marks

18. The diagram below shows an outline of the main stages in the Hatch and Slack pathway in
a C4 plant.

a) Give the name of cell A and cell B. 2 marks

b) Name the enzyme X and enzyme Y 2marks
c) Name the substances P, Q, R and S. 3 marks

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 SECTION B

19. The graph below shows the resulting changes in the concentrations of insulin and glucose
in the blood.

a. Explain the relationship between the concentration of glucose and insulin in blood in
the first 45 minutes after the glucose was swallowed 5marks
b. Use information from the graph to explain what is meant by the term “negative
feedback” 2 marks
c. Explain why the concentration of glucagon in the blood rises during exercises while
that of insulin falls. 3 marks

20. Explain the mechanism of water transport up the plant against the forces of gravity.
Underline the key terms 10marks
21. Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the microscopic parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The
parasite usually infects mice, affecting their nervous system and causing them to take
unusual risks (such as running out in the open, and coming unusually close to animals
which may eat them). Scientists believe this is actually a way for the parasite to reach its
primary host (cats). When a cat catches and eats an infected mouse, the Toxopasma gondii
enters its digestive system and steals nutrients from the cat. Humans can become infected
by Toxoplasma gondii through contact with cat feces. Scientists now believe that
Toxoplasmosis in humans can cause substantial changes in mood and behavior, and may
even be linked to certain types of depression. It is estimated that 30-65% of people
worldwide may be infected with Toxoplasma gondii.
Based on this story above, discuss how the organisms interact with each other. In your
response,

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 a) Identify 2 different relationships involved in Toxoplasma gondii transmission and precise
where (organisms involved) each of these relationships appears in this message. 6Marks
b). Discuss the significance of interactions between organisms in nature.4Marks

22. Give justification to each of the following statement (Maximum in one line)
a. Proteins are synthesized in cytoplasm under rules of DNA that never leaves nucleus.

2marks
b. mRNA is made in nucleus which has nuclear envelope, but this mRNA is found in cytoplasm
for further steps of protein synthesis. 2marks

c. Transport of glucose against its concentration gradient is impossible across artificial

membrane. 1marks
d. Chlorophyll a in PSII does not deplete electrons as they are released by trapped sunlight in non-
cyclic photophosphorylation. 1marks

e. Chlorophyll PSI does not deplete electrons as they are released by trapped sunlight in cyclic
photophosphorylation. 2marks
f. The lumen of thylakoid membrane has high concentration of H+. 2marks

22. a) Produce a table comparing the three types of RNA. 3marks

TYPES OF FUNCTION
RNA
Messenger
RNA (mRNA)
Ribosomal
RNA (rRNA)
Transfer RNA
(tRNA)

b) Describe the Structure of Nucleic Acids. 3marks

C) Describe the categories of nitrogenous bases. 4marks

END.

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