T REC K.Imp44 201204 I!!PDF E

GUIDE ON THE USE OF THE OVERVOLTAGE
RESISTIBILITY RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The Resistibility Guide assists test laboratories in implementing the correct tests for ITU-T K.20, K.21, and
K.45 compliance testing. It will have four definitive sections:
1) introduction with general comments
2) definition of terms
3) general test plan flow charts
4) test circuit schematics
This guide will assist the lab engineers and technicians in developing the correct test plans for equipment
being submitted for ITU-T K.20, K.21 or K.45 compliance testing. It provides the proper sequence of testing
to be conducted, shows specific test sequence for single pair ports and multiple pair ports with and without
primary protection in both internal and external environments:
1) symmetric single pair ports,
2) coaxial ports,
3) power ports and
4) ac mains ports
This Guide also provides a practical example, using a Home Gateway application that is subject to
Recommendation ITU-T K.21. This application example contains ADSL port types, mains power port types,
FXO and FXS port types, Ethernet port types, and USB port types.
1 Introduction
The testing of equipment, particularly equipment with multiple external and internal ports, is complex and
lengthy. There are many tests per port and many combinations of external and internal ports to test. These
tests are performed with combinations of ports terminated and coupled to earth. The purpose of this
document is assist in laying out a test plan to ensure that adequate testing is performed to ensure compliance
with the required recommendation.
The present document is composed of 3 parts:
 General remarks, definitions
 General test plan
 Test plan according to the family of equipment.
2 Scope
This recommendation applies to all equipment covered by the scopes of Recommendations ITU-T K.20,
K.21 and K.45 recommendations.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Recommendation ITU-T K.20, "Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in a
telecommunications centre to overvoltages and overcurrents".
-2-
Recommendation ITU-T K.21, "Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises

to overvoltages and overcurrents".
Recommendation ITU-T K.45"Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in the access and
trunk networks to overvoltages and overcurrents".
Recommendation ITU-T K.44, "Resistibility tests for telecommunication equipment exposed to overvoltages
and overcurrents – Basic Recommendation".
4 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

A consequent number of terms, definitions and abbreviations are used; consequently the operator shall refer
to Recommendation ITU-T K.44, §3.
5 Information required by the test laboratory
5.1 Required level of resistibility

Normally the level of resistibility would be specified by the manufacturer or the network operator. Guidance
on this choice is given in section 5/K.44.
5.2 Characteristics of the agreed primary protector

The characteristics of the “agreed primary protector” are needed to determine the characteristics of the
special test protector. Normally the agreed primary protector would be specified by the manufacturer or the
network operator. Guidance on a suitable primary protector is given in section 8.5/K.44.
5.3 Port classification (external or internal)

Normally the port type would be specified by the manufacturer as this is determined by the design and
intended use of the port. Guidance on determining the port type is given in section A.2.1/K.44.
5.4 Port types

The port types are specified in section 7.1/K.44. The manufacturer should define the boundaries of the
equipment and specify the port type of each port.
5.5 Test types

The test types are specified in section 7.2/K.44.
5.6 Test conditions

The test conditions are specified in section 7.3/K.44.
5.7 Test levels

The required test levels, to check compliance, are specified in corresponding tables of K.20, K.21 and K.45.
5.8 Test schematics

The schematics are given in Annex A/K.44.
Five groups of schematics are given in K.44 and these are:
- The generator schematics (Figures A.3-1 through A.3-6).
- The main schematics (Figures A.6.1-1 through A.6.7-4.).
- Connection of the decoupling element between the EUT and the associated equipment for the tested
port (Figures A.5-3 through A.5-9).
-3-
- Connection of the decoupling element and terminating elements for associated equipment (Figures
A.5-10 through A.5-16). These figures also show the coupling to ground elements for the untested
port.
- Protection of the untested port (Figures A.5-7 through A.5-23).
Recommended coupling and decoupling elements are listed in Table A.5-1/K.44.
The required schematics are chosen knowing:
- The generator type,
- The type of tested port e.g. external symmetric pair,
- The types of terminated ports,
- The type of untested port coupled to earth.
-4-
6 Sequence of tests
Table 1 synthesizes the applicable tests for the external ports of equipment, with and without primary
protection. Tests for external multiple pairs/ ports are further elaborated in Table 2. It clearly shows the five
classes of tests, associated to each kind of port, depending on the presence or not of a primary protection
device.
Table 1 – Applicable tests for an external single port
Primary Test
N°1 Lightning Voltage Port N°1 N°2 N°3 N°4 N°5
Protection
Symmetric Yes Yes Yes Yes

N°2 Lightning Current
Coaxial Yes Yes Yes
Power Induction & Without
N°3 Dedicated
Earth Potential Rise Power Feed Yes Yes Yes Yes
Mains U.S.
N°4 Neutral Potential Power Yes Yes
Rise
Symmetric Yes Yes
N°5 Power Contact
Coaxial Yes Yes Yes
With
U.S. Under Study Dedicated
Power Feed Yes Yes
Not Applicable Mains U.S.

Power Yes
-5-
6.1 Tests for an External single pair port

6.1.1 Without Primary Protection
6.1.1.1 Symmetric pair port
The four following flowcharts give the procedure to perform the tests relating to a symmetric pair port
Lightning Voltage Test
N°1 10.1.1.1
START
End Fail Transverse Pass
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
No Other External Port ? Yes
Fail Port to other Pass

End
External Port
High Current
No Yes
Protection Components
Power Induction Test Lightning Current Test
Lightning Current Test

N°2 10.1.2
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
End Fail Port to other

Pass
External Port
Power Induction Test

-6-

N°3 10.1.3
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth

Pass
External Port
Power Contact Test
Power Contact Test

N°5 10.1.4
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
Port to other
End Fail Pass
External Port
END
-7-
6.1.1.2 Coaxial port

The three following flowcharts give the procedure to perform the tests relating to a coaxial port.

N°1 10.2.1
START
End Fail Differential Pass

N°2 10.2.2
START
Earth Potential Rise Test

N°3 10.2.4
START
END
-8-
6.1.1.3 Dedicated Power Feed port

The four following flowcharts give the procedure to perform the tests relating to a dedicated power feed port.

N°1 10.3.1
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
End Fail Port to other Pass

External Port

N°2 10.3.2
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
End Port to other

Fail Pass
External Port

-9-

N°3 10.3.3
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
Fail Port to other

End Pass
External Port
Power Contact Test
Power Contact Test

N°5 10.3.4
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth

Pass
External Port
END
- 10 -
6.1.1.4 AC Mains Power port

The two following flowcharts give the procedure to perform the tests relating to a Mains Power port.

N°1 10.4.1
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth

Pass
External Port
Neutral Potential Rise Test
Neutral Potential Rise Test

N°4 10.4.3
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
Port to other
End Fail Pass
External Port
END
- 11 -
6.1.2 With Primary Protection

6.1.2.1 Symmetric pair port
The two following flowcharts give the procedure to perform the tests relating to a symmetric pair port.

N°1 10.1.1.1
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
Fail Port to other Pass

End
External Port

N°3 10.1.3
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth

Pass
External Port
END
- 12 -
6.1.2.2 Coaxial port

The four following flowcharts give the procedure to perform the tests relating to a coaxial port.
N°1 10.2.1
START
Lightning Current Test (Differential)

N°2 10.2.2
START
Lightning Current Test (Shield test)

N°2 10.2.3
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth/Shield
Port to External Pass

End Fail
Port/Shield

N°3 10.2.4
START
END
- 13 -
6.1.2.3 Dedicated Power Feed port

The two following flowcharts give the procedure to perform the tests relating to a dedicated power feed port.

N°1 10.3.1
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
End Fail Port to other Pass

External Port

N°3 10.3.3
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
Fail Port to other

End Pass
External Port
END
- 14 -

The following flowchart gives the procedure to perform the tests relating to a Mains Power port.

N°1 10.4.1
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth

Pass
External Port
END
- 15 -
6.2 Tests for External multiple pairs/ ports

Table 2 summarizes the applicable tests for multiple pairs/ ports equipment.
Table 2 – Applicable tests for multiple pairs/ ports equipment
Note: Tests for External multiple pairs/ ports must be done in addition to the tests applicable for an External
single pair port. More information on External multiple pairs/ ports testing can be found in section 10.1.1.2
of K.44.
Tests on multiple pairs are typically done on pairs that are located in the same street cable because all pairs
are subject to lightning surges simultaneously.
- 16 -
6.2.1 Without Primary Protection

The two following flowcharts give the procedure to perform the tests relating to a symmetric pair port with
multiple pairs or multiple ports of the same or different type.

N°1 10.1.1.2
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
Port to other
End Fail Pass
External Port
High Current
No Yes
Protection Components
END Lightning Current Test

N°2 10.1.2
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
End Port to other

Fail Pass
External Port
END
- 17 -
6.2.2 With Primary Protection

The following flowchart gives the procedure to perform the tests relating to a symmetric pair port with
multiple pairs or multiple ports of the same or different type.

N°1 10.1.1.2
START
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
Port to other
End Fail Pass
External Port
END
- 18 -
6.3 Tests for an Internal port without Primary Protection

The following flowchart summarizes the applicable tests for an internal port of equipment.
N°1 Lightning Voltage Test
Floating D.C. Earthed D.C. Power

Unshielded Cable Shielded Cable
Interface Interface
End Fail Port Pass

to Earth
END
- 19 -
6.4 Equipment under test family

- 20 -
6.4.1 K.20 External port tests
TEST N°1 N°2 N°3 N°4 N°5
Primary
Protection Port To
N°1 Lightning Voltage
Symmetric 2.1.1.a 2.1.1.b 2.1.5.a 2.2.1.a 2.2.1.b 2.3.1.a 2.3.1.b
Coaxial 3.1.1 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2.1

Without
Dedicated
4.1.1.a 4.1.1.b 4.1.5.a 4.2.1.a 4.2.1.b 4.3.1.a 4.3.1.b
Power Feed
Mains
5.1.1.a 5.1.1.b 5.2.1 5.2.2.a
N°3 Power induction Power
Symmetric 2.1.2.a 2.1.2.b 2.2.2.a 2.2.2.b
N°4 Neutral Potential Coaxial 3.1.2 3.2.2

Rise With
Dedicated
4.1.2.a 4.1.2.b 4.2.2.a 4.2.2.b
Power Feed
N°5 Power Contact Mains
5.1.2.a 5.1.2.b
Power
Transverse/ Port (or shield) Port (or shield)

Under study Applicable Not applicable
Differential to Earth to external port
6.4.2 K.20 External multiple pairs/ ports tests
TEST N°1 N°2

Primary
Protection To
N°1 Lightning Voltage Port
Symmetric 2.1.3.a 2.1.6.a
N°2 Lightning Current Coaxial

Without
Dedicated
Power Feed
Mains Power
Symmetric 2.1.4.a
Coaxial
With
Dedicated
Power Feed
Mains Power
Port to Earth Applicable Not applicable

- 21 -
Lightning Voltage TEST N°1 N°2 N°3 N°4 N°5

N°1
Primary
Protection Port To
Symmetric 2.1.1.a 2.1.1.b 2.1.1.c 2.1.5.a 2.1.5.b 2.2.1.a 2.2.1.b 2.2.1.c 2.3.1.a 2.3.1.b 2.3.1.c
Coaxial 3.1.1 3.1.3 3.2.1
Without
Dedicated 4.1.1.a 4.1.1.b 4.1.1.c 4.1.5.a 4.1.5.b 4.2.1.a 4.2.1.b 4.2.1.c 4.3.1.a 4.3.1.b 4.3.1.c
Power Feed
N°3 Power induction
Mains
5.1.1.a 5.1.1.b 5.1.1.c 5.2.1 5.2.1 5.2.2.a 5.2.2.b
Power
Symmetric 2.1.2.a 2.1.2.b 2.1.2.c 2.2.2.a 2.2.2.b 2.2.2.c

N°4 Neutral Potential
Rise Coaxial 3.1.2 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.2.2
With
Dedicated
4.1.2.a 4.1.2.b 4.1.2.c 4.2.2.a 4.2.2.b 4.2.2.c
Power Feed
N°5 Power Contact
Mains 5.1.2.a 5.1.2.b 5.1.2.c
Power

TEST N°1 N°2

Primary
Protection To
Port
Symmetric 2.1.3.a 2.1.3.b 2.1.6.a 2.1.6.b
Coaxial
N°2 Lightning Current Without
Dedicated
Power Feed
Mains Power
Symmetric 2.1.4.a 2.1.4.b
Coaxial
With
Dedicated
Power Feed
Mains Power
Port (or shield) Port (or shield)

Applicable Not applicable
to Earth to external port
- 22 -
TEST N°1 N°2 N°3 N°4 N°5

N°1 Lightning Voltage Primary
Protection Port To

Coaxial 3.1.1 3.1.3 3.2.1
Without
Power Feed
N°3 Power induction Mains
5.1.1.a 5.1.1.b 5.1.1.c 5.2.1 5.2.1 5.2.2.a 5.2.2.b
Power

Coaxial 3.1.2 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.2.2
Rise
With
Dedicated
4.1.2.a 4.1.2.b 4.1.2.c 4.2.2.a 4.2.2.b 4.2.2.c
Power Feed
N°5 Power Contact Mains 5.1.2.a 5.1.2.b 5.1.2.c
Power

TEST N°1 N°2

Primary
Protection To
Port
Symmetric 2.1.3.a 2.1.3.b 2.1.6.a 2.1.6.b
Coaxial
Dedicated
Power Feed
Mains Power
Coaxial
With
Dedicated
Power Feed
Mains Power

- 23 -
7 Practical example
This section gives a practical example how to perform the applicable K.44 tests for a generic Home Gateway
(HG) subject to K.21 requirements. This example has intentionally a large number of interfaces. This allows
to explain the set-up requirements of K.44 better; the user can eliminate parts of the set-ups to test less
complex products.
7.1 General description

This Home Gateway is powered by an external Class II power adapter and has an insulating housing with the
following wired ports. Wireless ports are not tested for K.21 and as such not mentioned in this document.
However, examination of these ports is necessary to verify compliance with Criterion A or B.
- External Ports:
o 1x AC mains power (AC),
o 1x ADSL (ADSL),
o 1x analogue voice PSTN (FXO).
- Internal Ports:
o 2x Gigabit Ethernet (GbE),
o 3x 10/100M Ethernet (Eth),
o 2x FXS Phone (FXS),
o 2x USB.
No high current carrying components are equipped in the EUT.
Ports of the same type may not all be verified after the surge tests and are then only terminated, thus not
necessarily connected to Auxiliary Equipment.
The testing of Ethernet ports is different from the internal port testing defined in K.21, Test 7.2 “Unshielded
cable with symmetric pairs”. The nature of the coupling and grounding elements do not always allow
sending traffic on the LAN and GbE ports. All tests on an Ethernet port, except for the insulation resistance
test, are done in the powered condition but not operational. When the untested Ethernet port is coupled to
ground, the Ethernet circuit will also be not operational. The insulation resistance test is performed with the
equipment unpowered. Subsequently the equipment must be tested in an operational state, i.e. connected to
Auxiliary equipment, to verify it still meets its specification.
The FXO port must be tested in its two major states : Loop Closed and Loop Open. Both states may not be
relevant for all tests though.
The following items are not within the scope of this guide:
- Description of the Auxiliary equipment (AE),
- Verification method for Criterion A,
Note: USB ports that are solely meant to be connected to a device that has no connection to ground,
e.g. a memory stick, are exempted from surge testing. In this example, the USB port can be
connected to any kind of device, thus also a grounded device, but for the purpose of testing and
verification, a USB memory stick is used.
- Detailed set-ups for 2.2.x & 2.3.1 tests, these are quite similar to 2.1.x set-ups.
- ESD testing according to K.21.
This guide provides for each interface:
- Generator coupling element,
- Decoupling networks for tested & untested ports,
- Coupling to ground elements.
Surge test levels are not described in this guide. However, one should keep in mind that apart from the
BASIC & ENHANCED test levels, K.44 also specifies in II.6 that “special” resistibility requirements may be
required when mains SPD’s cannot be installed or bonding between mains and telecommunications cannot
be achieved.
- 24 -
7.2 Importance of Clause 7.2 of K.44

This clause is very important to understand which ports must be tested, in which configuration, sequence,
etc. This makes the many test configurations more understandable in the Home Gateway example.
K.44 Clause 7.2.1 transversal
- On all external ports,
- With some untested ports of each port type terminated.
K.44 Clause 7.2.2 External Port to earth
- With all untested ports terminated.
- Then repeated with each type of internal port coupled to ground in turn.
K.44 Clause 7.2.3 External Port to External port
- With all untested ports terminated & with each type of external port, including a port of the same
type, coupled to ground, in turn.
K.44 Clause 7.2.4 Internal Port to Earth
- On all internal ports,
- With some untested ports of each port type terminated.
- Then repeated with each type of internal port coupled to ground in turn.
EUT
AC
LAN1
LAN2
LAN3
GbE1
GbE2
ADSL
FXO
FXS1
FXS2
USB1
USB2
Tested Port Untested Port

7.3 Block diagram of EUT
7.4 Definitions, abbreviations and clarifications

The connection between all circuit elements in the drawing is represented by the real number of wires or the
cable shield:
- USB : cable shield (this example is for a USB2.0 cable where the cable
contains 4 wires),
- ADSL, FXO, FXS : 1 pair/ 2 wires each,
- 25 -
- AC : L (called sometimes “A” in K.44) & N, this is an example for a Class

II product, so there is no Protective Earth wire.
- LAN : 2 pairs/ 4 wires, it is assumed that the Ethernet cable has only 2 pairs,
- GbE : 4 pairs/ 8 wires,
Explanation between “EUT reference bar” and “Generator return/ Earth:
Solid bullet: This is the symbol used in this guide to indicate that a component, circuit element
(e.g. DN or CDN) or wire is connected for the specified test set-up to the “Generator return/
Earth.
Open bullet: This is the symbol used in this guide to indicate that a component, circuit element
(e.g. DN or CDN) or wire is connected for the specified test set-up to a floating “EUT
reference bar”, thus not connected to the Generator return/ Earth.
Note: For some test set-ups of 2.1.2.c, the “EUT reference bar” and the “Generator return/ Earth” are
connected to each other. This is due to the fact that for coordination tests on the AC mains port, a
protection element (SPD) is put between Line and Neutral and at the same time the Neutral is
connected to the Generator return/Earth, in line with Figure A.5-20/K.44.
An appropriate coupling element can be a component (MOV, GDT, clamping diode, thyristor, ...) or nothing.
In the latter case, the port is directly coupled to the Generator return/ Earth or EUT reference bar.
Auxiliary equipment at the untested ports shall not be connected to Protective Earth or the generator
return/Earth, thus remain floating, otherwise the purpose of the EUT reference bar may become obsolete.
Further abbreviations used in the practical example:
- APP: Agreed Primary Protector
- STP: Special Test Protector
- GrEl: Grounding Element
- FXS: Foreign eXchange Subscriber interface
- FXO: Foreign eXchange Office interface
Examples of practical CDN's, DN's and coupling to ground elements are listed in a separate chapter.
For 2.1.1b/c tests, a conductive foil shall be wrapped around the EUT for 6kV Enhanced level testing when
the STP is not equipped; for 7.1 tests, this foil is always present for Basic & Enhanced levels. In all cases,
this foil is connected to the Generator return/Earth. This foil shall not be connected to ports (for example the
shell/shield of a USB port) because the test requires that the connection of that port to the “Generator
return/Earth” must be done “in turn”. This situation occurs for tests 2.1.1.b, 2.1.1.c and 7.1.
In this guide, every test item with or without STP (or APP) is listed on one page in one drawing except when
it is necessary for clarity to split into two drawings.
On the following pages, a setup is shown for Lightning Surge tests (2.1.x) on 2 external symmetric pair
ports, ADSL and FXO, each with 1 pair. The same, or similar setups can be used for Power Induction (2.2.x)
and Power Contact (2.3.1).
Lightning surge tests on multiple pairs are also elaborated in this Home Gateway example.
The order of testing on the following pages is not relevant; The order as outlined in the first part of this
document shall be followed.
Generator coupling elements are used to connect the surge generator with the EUT. The coupling element
shall not significantly affect the open-circuit voltage nor the short-circuit current. GDT’s & MOV’s are
mostly applied as coupling elements. However, coupling & decoupling elements can influence the output
voltage. Therefore the output voltage value of the test generator shall be adjusted to the required voltage with
the generator output resistor, coupling device and decoupling device of the TESTED port equipped, prior to
connecting the EUT itself. Tests have proven that this adjustment is required for Lightning Surges, Power
Induction, Power Cross and Earth Potential Rise.
- 26 -
For all 5.1.x.b & 5.1.x.c Lightning Surge tests on the AC power port, the output resistor shall be 2 ohm. This
is different with the more common EMC test standard IEC61000-4-5 where 12 ohm is required. Some
Lightning surge generators can only be set for 12 ohm in longitudinal (or port to earth) test mode.
Caution: The EUT reference bar is floating and there is a possible shock hazard. Disconnect power to the
relevant equipments, or take other precautions, before changing connections or touching these equipments.
To get an estimate of the amount of testing, the number of tests is listed in the example of the Home
Gateway:
- For each setup on each page,
- For each main test sub-type (2.1.x.a, 2.1.x.b, 2.1.1.c, 2.1.2.c,...),
- For each test type (2.1.x, 5.1.x, 7.1) in the following table,
- Meaning of "number of tests". Examples of definition of "one test" :
o 2.1.1.a : 5 surges of each polarity →1 test = 10 surges,
o 2.2.2.a : 5 times Power Induction disturbances → 1 test = 5 surges,
o 2.3.1.a : 1 time with 8 resistors → 1 test = 8 times 15 minutes = 2 hours.
- The total test time for Lightning Surges & Power Induction is calculated based upon a 1 minute
interval between each surge or pulse.
- The aim of this document is to list all test setups and test modes as required by K.21 & K.44 for this
type of product, a Home Gateway, with an indication of the number of tests and the time needed to
complete the tests.
Estimation total test time

Test item Number of tests Number of surges
(minutes)
2.1.1.a & 2.1.2.a 16 160 160
2.1.1.b & 2.1.2.b 40 400 400
2.1.1.c & 2.1.2.c 16 160 160
2.1.3.a & 2.1.4.a 20 200 200
2.1.3.b & 2.1.4.b 4 40 40
2.2.1.a & 2.2.2.a 8 40 40
2.2.1.b & 2.2.2.b 40 200 200
2.2.1.c & 2.2.2.c 16 80 80
2.3.1.a 4 480
2.3.1.b 20 2400
2.3.1.c 8 960
5.1.1.a & 5.1.2.a 4 40 40
5.1.1.b & 5.1.2.b 20 200 200
5.1.1.c & 5.1.2.c 8 80 80
5.2.2.a 10 50 50
5.2.2.b 4 20 20
7.1 30 300 300
7.2 10 100 100
Total (only effective test time) +/-100 hours
- 27 -
7.5 Applicable test items

7.5.1 Tests to ports connected to external cables, including the AC mains power port
K.21 Applicable Tests for an External Port - Generic Grid
Lightning Voltage TEST N°1 N°2 N°3 N°4 N°5

N°1
Primary
Protection Port To
Coaxial 3.1.1 3.1.3 3.2.1
Without
Power Feed
N°3 Power induction
Mains
5.1.1.a 5.1.1.b 5.1.1.c 5.2.1 5.2.1 5.2.2.a 5.2.2.b
Power

Rise Coaxial 3.1.2 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.2.2
With
Dedicated
4.1.2.a 4.1.2.b 4.1.2.c 4.2.2.a 4.2.2.b 4.2.2.c
Power Feed
N°5 Power Contact
Mains 5.1.2.a 5.1.2.b 5.1.2.c
Power


K.21 Applicable Tests for an External Port - Applied to Home Gateway
TEST N°1 N°2 N°3 N°4 N°5

N°1 Lightning Voltage Primary
Protection Port To
Symmetric 2.1.1.a 2.1.1.b 2.1.1.c 2.2.1.a 2.2.1.b 2.2.1.c 2.3.1.a 2.3.1.b 2.3.1.c

Coaxial
Without
Dedicated
Power Feed
N°3 Power induction Mains
5.1.1.a 5.1.1.b 5.1.1.c 5.2.1 5.2.1 5.2.2.a 5.2.2.b
Power

Coaxial
Rise
With
Dedicated
Power Feed
N°5 Power Contact Mains 5.1.2.a 5.1.2.b 5.1.2.c
Power

- 28 -
7.5.2 Tests to ports connected to external cables

K.21 Applicable Tests for an External Multiple Pairs/ Ports – Generic grid
TEST N°1 N°2

Primary
Protection To
Port
Symmetric 2.1.3.a 2.1.3.b 2.1.6.a 2.1.6.b
Coaxial
Dedicated
Power Feed
Mains Power
Coaxial
With
Dedicated
Power Feed
Mains Power


K.21 Applicable Tests for an External Multiple Pairs/ Ports – Applied to Home Gateway
TEST N°1 N°2

Primary
Protection To
Port
Coaxial
Dedicated
Power Feed
Mains Power
Coaxial
With
Dedicated
Power Feed
Mains Power

7.5.3 Tests to ports connected to internal cables

K.44 Clauses 7.1 and 7.2 apply. For internal Ethernet ports, Clauses A.6.7-1 and A.6.7-4 also apply.
- 29 -
7.5.4 LIGHTNING SURGE

External single pair port (ADSL & FXO)
Transverse 2.1.1.a (inherent) & 2.1.2.a (coordination)
7.5.4.1 General
Primary protection: The EUT is not designed to be always used with primary protection at the ADSL, FXO
and AC ports. A Special Test Protector (STP) instead of a primary protector shall be used at the ADSL &
FXO ports.
Coupling between test generator and EUT: One wire of the single external symmetrical pair shall be
connected to the output of the test generator via a coupling element. The other wire shall be connected to the
return port of the generator via a coupling element. The type of coupling element is described in chapter 7.6.
Decoupling networks between EUT and Auxiliary equipment at the tested & untested ports: see chapter 7.6.
Earthing and bonding configuration: The EUT has no earthing point that can be bonded to ground. Earthing
points of decoupling networks, Agreed Primary protector and the STP shall be bonded to ground.
As a general rule, all Auxiliary equipment at the untested ports shall be left floating = no connection to
ground.
During the application of the surges, Auxiliary equipment is only connected to those untested Ethernet ports
(GbE and LAN) that are not coupled to ground.
The voltage waveform of the lightning surge test generator is a 10/700µs.
Total number of tests: 16

- 30 -
Tested port EUT Untested port Number of tests: 8
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
STP for 2.1.2.a only LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXO DN CO simulator+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
USB1 USB memory stick
Figure 1 – Tested port ADSL, all untested ports terminated - not coupled to ground
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
STP for 2.1.2.a only
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
CO simulator FXO
CDN
+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 2 – Tested port FXO, all untested ports terminated - not coupled to ground
- 31 -

Port to Earth 2.1.1.b (inherent) & 2.1.2.b (coordination)
7.5.5.1 General
FXO ports.
Coupling between test generator and EUT: Each of both wires of the single external symmetrical pair shall
be connected to the output of the test generator via a coupling element. The type of coupling element is
described in chapter 7.6.
ground.
(GbE and LAN) that are not coupled to ground. Untested Ethernet ports that are coupled to ground are not
connected to auxiliary equipment.
After the surge test, the untested Ethernet ports that were coupled to ground are connected to auxiliary
equipment and a functional verification is done.
Total number of tests: 40.

- 32 -
Foil wrapped AC DN AC mains

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
STP for 2.1.2.b only LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 3 – Tested port ADSL, all untested ports terminated - not coupled to ground

only for 6kV GrEl PC1
LAN1
w/o STP
LAN2 GrEl Termination
Test generator
STP for 2.1.2.b only
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 4 – Tested port ADSL, all untested ports terminated - LAN coupled to ground
- 33 -

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 GrEl PC2
GbE2 GrEl Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 5 – Tested port ADSL, all untested ports terminated - GbE coupled to ground

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXS1 GrEl DN Phone set
Figure 6 – Tested port ADSL, all untested ports terminated - FXS coupled to ground
- 34 -

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 7 – Tested port ADSL, all untested ports terminated - USB coupled to ground
- 35 -

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
CO simulator
CDN FXO
+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 8 – Tested port FXO, all untested ports terminated - not coupled to ground

only for 6kV GrEl PC1
LAN1
w/o STP

Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
CO simulator
CDN FXO
+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 9 – Tested port FXO, all untested ports terminated - LAN coupled to ground
- 36 -

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 GrEl PC2
ADSL DN DSLAM
CO simulator
CDN FXO
+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 10 – Tested port FXO, all untested ports terminated - GbE coupled to ground

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
CO simulator
CDN FXO
+Phone set
Figure 11 – Tested port FXO, all untested ports terminated - FXS coupled to ground
- 37 -

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
CO simulator
CDN FXO
+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 12 – Tested port FXO, all untested ports terminated - USB coupled to ground
- 38 -

Port to External port 2.1.1.c (inherent) & 2.1.2.c (coordination)
7.5.6.1 General
FXO ports.
Coupling between test generator and EUT: Each of both wires of the single external symmetrical pair shall
be connected to the output of the test generator via a coupling element. The type of coupling element is
points of decoupling networks at the untested side, APP and STP shall be connected to the floating EUT
reference bar; Grounding elements shall be bonded to ground.
All Auxiliary equipment at the untested ports shall be left floating = no connection to ground.

Figure 13
- 39 -
Foil wrapped AC GrEl DN AC mains

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 13.a – Tested port ADSL, all untested ports terminated - AC coupled to ground
AC APP GrEl DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXO STP DN CO simulator+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 13.b – Tested port ADSL, all untested ports terminated - AC coupled to ground
Figure 14
- 40 -

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXO GrEl DN CO simulator+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 14.a – Tested port ADSL, all untested ports terminated - FXO coupled to ground
AC APP DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXO STP GrEl DN CO simulator+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 14.b – Tested port ADSL, all untested ports terminated - FXO coupled to ground
Figure 15
- 41 -
Foil wrapped AC GrEl DN AC mains

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
CO simulator FXO
CDN
+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 15.a – Tested port FXO, all untested ports terminated - AC coupled to ground
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL STP DN DSLAM
CO simulator FXO
CDN
+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 15.b – Tested port FXO, all untested ports terminated - AC coupled to ground
Figure 16
- 42 -

only for 6kV PC1
LAN1 DN
w/o STP
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL GrEl DN DSLAM
CO simulator FXO
CDN
+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 16.a – Tested port FXO, all untested ports terminated - ADSL coupled to ground
AC APP DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL STP GrEl DN DSLAM
CO simulator FXO
CDN
+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 16.b – Tested port FXO, all untested ports terminated - ADSL coupled to ground
- 43 -

External multiple pairs/ ports (ADSL & FXO)
Port to Earth 2.1.3.a (inherent) & 2.1.4.a (coordination)
7.5.7.1 General
FXO ports.
Coupling between test generator and EUT: All wires of all external pairs shall be connected to the output of
the test generator via coupling elements. The type of coupling element is described in chapter 7.6.
ground.

- 44 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXO
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set

CO simulator USB memory stick
CDN USB1
+Phone set
Figure 17 – Tested ports ADSL+FXO, untested ports terminated - not coupled to ground
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 GrEl PC1

Test generator
STP for 2.1.4.a only
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXO
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set

CDN USB1
+Phone set
Figure 18 – Tested port ADSL+FXO, untested ports terminated - LAN coupled to ground
- 45 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 GrEl PC2
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXO
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set

CDN USB1
+Phone set
Figure 19 – Tested port ADSL+FXO, untested ports terminated - GbE coupled to ground
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXO

CDN USB1
+Phone set
Figure 20 – Tested port ADSL+FXO, untested ports terminated - FXS coupled to ground
- 46 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXO
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set

CDN USB1
+Phone set
Figure 21 – Tested port ADSL+FXO, untested ports terminated - USB coupled to ground
- 47 -

External multiple pairs/ ports (ADSL & FXO)
Port to External port 2.1.3.b (inherent) & 2.1.4.b (coordination)
7.5.8.1 General
FXO ports.
Coupling between test generator and EUT: All wires of all external pairs shall be connected to the output of
the test generator via coupling elements. The type of coupling element is described in chapter 7.6.
Figure 22
- 48 -
AC GrEl DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL

CO simulator FXO
CDN
+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 22.a – Tested port ADSL+FXO, untested ports terminated - AC coupled to ground
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
DSLAM CDN ADSL
FXO
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set

CDN USB1
+Phone set
Figure 22.b – Tested port ADSL+FXO, untested ports terminated - AC coupled to ground
- 49 -

External AC mains power port (AC)
Transverse 5.1.1.a (inherent) & 5.1.2.a (coordination)
7.5.9.1 General
FXO ports.
Coupling between test generator and EUT: One wire of the AC primary shall be connected to the output of
the test generator via a coupling element. The other wire shall be connected to the return port of the
generator via a coupling element. The type of coupling element is described in chapter 7.6.
If a generator with built-in CDN is used, then this built-in CDN shall comply with the CDN described in
chapter 7.6.
points of decoupling networks and the Agreed Primary protector shall be bonded to ground.
ground.
The voltage-current waveform of the lightning combination wave surge test generator is a 1.2/50-8/20µs.

- 50 -
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
APP for 5.1.2.a only
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
1.2/50us-8/20us
Combination Wave DSLAM
ADSL DN
Generator with
U
built-in CDN
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 23 – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - not coupled to ground
- 51 -

Port to Earth 5.1.1.b (inherent) & 5.1.2.b (coordination)
7.5.10.1 General
FXO ports.
Coupling between test generator and EUT: Each of both wires of the AC primary shall be connected to the
output of the test generator via a coupling element. The type of coupling element is described in chapter 7.6.
chapter 7.6.
points of decoupling networks, grounding elements and the Agreed Primary Protector shall be bonded to
ground.
ground.

- 52 -
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
APP for 5.1.2.b only
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
1.2/50us-8/20us
Combination Wave ADSL DN DSLAM
Generator with
U
built-in CDN FXO DN CO simulator+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
Phone set
U
FXS2 DN
AC
LAN1 GrEl PC1

GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
1.2/50us-8/20us
Generator with
U
FXS1 DN Phone set
Phone set
U
FXS2 DN
Figure 25 – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - LAN coupled to ground
- 53 -
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 GrEl PC2

1.2/50us-8/20us
Generator with
U
FXS1 DN Phone set
Phone set
U
FXS2 DN
Figure 26 – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - GbE coupled to ground
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
1.2/50us-8/20us
Generator with
U
GrEl Phone set

U
FXS2 DN
Figure 27 – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - FXS coupled to ground
- 54 -
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
1.2/50us-8/20us
Generator with
U
FXS1 DN Phone set
Phone set
U
FXS2 DN
Figure 28 – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - USB coupled to ground
- 55 -

Port to External port 5.1.1.c (inherent) & 5.1.2.c (coordination)
7.5.11.1 General
FXO ports.
Coupling between test generator and EUT: Each of both wires of AC primary shall be connected to the
chapter 7.6.

Figure 29
- 56 -
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
1.2/50us-8/20us
Combination Wave ADSL GrEl DN DSLAM
Generator with
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 29.a – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - ADSL coupled to ground
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
APP
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
1.2/50us-8/20us
Combination Wave ADSL STP GrEl DN DSLAM
Generator with
U
built-in CDN FXO STP DN CO simulator+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
Phone set
U
FXS2 DN
Figure 29.b – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - ADSL coupled to ground
Figure 30
- 57 -
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
1.2/50us-8/20us
Generator with
built-in CDN FXO GrEl DN CO simulator+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 30.a – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - FXO coupled to ground
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
APP
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
1.2/50us-8/20us
Combination Wave ADSL STP DN DSLAM
Generator with
U
built-in CDN FXO STP GrEl DN CO simulator+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
Phone set
U
FXS2 DN
Figure 30.b – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - FXO coupled to ground
- 58 -
7.5.12 NEUTRAL POTENTIAL RISE

Port to Earth 5.2.2.a
7.5.12.1 General
and AC ports. This test is done without Special Test Protector (STP) and without Agreed Primary Protector.
Coupling between test generator and EUT: Each of both wires of the AC primary shall be connected to the
points of decoupling networks and grounding elements shall be bonded to ground.
ground.
The voltage waveform of the surge test generator is a 50Hz sine wave.
- 59 -
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
Test generator LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
AC power CDN
source
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
AC
LAN1 GrEl PC1
Test generator LAN3 GrEl Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
AC power CDN
source
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 32 – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - LAN coupled to ground
- 60 -
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
GbE1 GrEl PC2
ADSL DN DSLAM
AC power CDN
source
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 33 – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - GbE coupled to ground
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
AC power CDN
source
Figure 34 – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - FXS coupled to ground
- 61 -
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
AC power CDN
source
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 35 – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - USB coupled to ground
- 62 -
7.5.13 NEUTRAL POTENTIAL RISE

Port to External port 5.2.2.b
7.5.13.1 General
and AC ports. This test is done without Special Test Protector (STP) and without Agreed Primary Protector.
Coupling between test generator and EUT: Each of both wires of the AC mains shall be connected to the
points of decoupling networks at the untested side shall be connected to the floating EUT reference bar;
Grounding elements shall be bonded to ground.
The voltage waveform of the test generator is a 50Hz sine wave.

- 63 -
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL GrEl DN DSLAM

AC power CDN
source
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 36 – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - ADSL coupled to ground
AC
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
AC power CDN
source
FXO GrEl DN CO simulator+Phone set
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 37 – Tested port AC, all untested ports terminated - FXO coupled to ground
- 64 -

Internal unshielded cable with symmetric pairs (LAN, GbE, FXS)
Port to Earth 7.1
7.5.14.1 General
and AC ports. For these internal port tests, no primary protectors or STP are equipped on the internal nor
external ports.
Coupling between test generator and EUT:
FXS: Each of the 2 wires of the single internal symmetrical pair of the FXS port shall be connected to the
output of the test generator via a coupling element. The type of coupling element and way of coupling is
LAN and GbE: Each of the 4 or 8 wires of the internal symmetrical pairs of these Ethernet ports shall be
directly connected to the output of the test generator, thus without a coupling element.
The testing of Ethernet ports is different from the internal port testing defined in K.21, Test 7.2 “Unshielded
cable with symmetric pairs”. The nature of the coupling and grounding elements do not always allow
sending traffic on the LAN and GbE ports. All tests on an Ethernet port except for the insulation resistance
test are done in the powered condition but not operational. When the untested Ethernet port is coupled to
ground, the Ethernet circuit will also be not operational. The insulation resistance test is performed with the
equipment unpowered. Subsequently the equipment must be tested in an operational state, i.e. connected to
Auxiliary equipment, to verify it still meets its specification.Decoupling networks between EUT and
Auxiliary equipment at the tested & untested ports: see chapter 7.6.
points of decoupling networks, the conductive foil and the grounding elements shall be bonded to ground.
(GbE and LAN) that are not coupled to ground. The tested Ethernet port and Untested Ethernet ports that are
coupled to ground are not connected to auxiliary equipment.
After the surge test, and the insulation resistance test, the tested Ethernet port and untested Ethernet ports that
were coupled to ground are connected to auxiliary equipment and a functional verification is done.
- 65 -
AC DN AC mains
Test
PC1 LAN1
generator
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Foil wrapped USB2 USB memory stick
Figure 38 – Tested port LAN1, all untested ports terminated - not coupled to ground
AC DN AC mains
Test
PC1 LAN1
generator
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 39 – Tested port LAN1, all untested ports terminated – LAN 2+3 coupled to ground
- 66 -
AC DN AC mains
Test
PC1 LAN1
generator
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 GrEl PC2
ADSL DN DSLAM
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 40 – Tested port LAN1, all untested ports terminated - GbE coupled to ground
AC DN AC mains
Test
PC1 LAN1
generator
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
Figure 41 – Tested port LAN1, all untested ports terminated - FXS coupled to ground
- 67 -
AC DN AC mains
Test
PC1 LAN1
generator
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 42 – Tested port LAN1, all untested ports terminated - USB coupled to ground
- 68 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test
PC1 GbE1
generator
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 43 – Tested port GbE1, all untested ports terminated - not coupled to ground
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 GrEl PC1

Test
PC1 GbE1
generator
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 44 – Tested port GbE1, all untested ports terminated - LAN coupled to ground
- 69 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test
PC1 GbE1
generator
ADSL DN DSLAM
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 45 – Tested port GbE1, all untested ports terminated – GbE2 coupled to ground
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test
PC1 GbE1
generator
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
Figure 46 – Tested port GbE1, all untested ports terminated - FXS coupled to ground
- 70 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
Test
PC1 GbE1
generator
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 47 – Tested port GbE1, all untested ports terminated - USB coupled to ground
- 71 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
Test generator
Phone set CDN FXS1
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 48 – Tested port FXS1, all untested ports terminated - not coupled to ground
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 GrEl PC1
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
Test generator
Phone set CDN FXS1
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 49 – Tested port FXS1, all untested ports terminated - LAN coupled to ground
- 72 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 GrEl PC2
ADSL DN DSLAM
Test generator
Phone set CDN FXS1
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 50 – Tested port FXS1, all untested ports terminated - GbE coupled to ground
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
Test generator
Phone set CDN FXS1
Figure 51 – Tested port FXS1, all untested ports terminated – FXS2 coupled to ground
- 73 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM
Test generator
Phone set CDN FXS1
FXS2 DN Phone set
Figure 52 – Tested port FXS1, all untested ports terminated - USB coupled to ground
- 74 -

Internal shielded cable (USB)
Port to Earth 7.2
7.5.15.1 General
Primary protection : The EUT is not designed to be always used with primary protection at the ADSL, FXO
and AC port. For these internal port tests, no primary protectors or STP are equipped on the internal nor
external ports.
Coupling between test generator and EUT: the 4 internal wires and the shield of the shielded USB cable shall
be directly connected to the output of the test generator.
Decoupling networks between EUT and Auxiliary equipment are not needed: see chapter 7.6.
points of decoupling networks, the conductive foil and the grounding elements shall be bonded to ground.
(GbE and LAN) that are not coupled to ground. The tested and untested USB ports and untested Ethernet
ports that are coupled to ground are not connected to auxiliary equipment.
After the surge test, the tested and untested USB ports and untested Ethernet ports that were coupled to
ground are connected to auxiliary equipment and a functional verification is done
The nature of the coupling method at the tested side does not allow the USB port to be operational.
- 75 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM

Test generator
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
USB1

Foil wrapped
Figure 53 – Tested port USB1, all untested ports terminated – not coupled to ground
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 GrEl PC1
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM

Test generator
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
USB1

Foil wrapped
Figure 54 – Tested port USB1, all untested ports terminated – LAN coupled to ground
- 76 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 GrEl PC2
ADSL DN DSLAM

Test generator
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
USB1

Foil wrapped
Figure 55 – Tested port USB1, all untested ports terminated - GbE coupled to ground
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM

Test generator
USB1

Foil wrapped
Figure 56 – Tested port USB1, all untested ports terminated – FXS coupled to ground
- 77 -
AC DN AC mains
LAN1 DN PC1
LAN2 DN Termination
LAN3 DN Termination
GbE1 DN PC2
GbE2 DN Termination
ADSL DN DSLAM

Test generator
FXS1 DN Phone set
FXS2 DN Phone set
USB1

Foil wrapped
Figure 57 – Tested port USB1, all untested ports terminated – USB2 coupled to ground
- 78 -
7.6 Coupling elements, decoupling networks, grounding elements

7.6.1.1 General
This Clause will give an overview of generator coupling elements, grounding elements and decoupling
networks used in the practical example of the previous chapter.
Values of coupling, decoupling and grounding elements have been chosen to suit the characteristics of the
circuits they are used in. The pictures of the decoupling networks give an idea about the used components
and power ratings.
Some decoupling networks will also deviate from the recommended networks proposed in ITU-T K.44 due
to practical considerations. This means other solutions are possible to achieve the same target.
- 79 -
7.6.1.2 ADSL and FXO ports
Generator Coupling element
To generator GDT
150V
200Ω
GDT
33kΩ
150V
STP
GDT
Aux. Eq. EUT
150V
CM choke
33kΩ
GDT
20mH
150V
200Ω
GDT
To generator 150V
Note: If equipped, the STP is connected to the Generator return/Earth except

f or the 2.1.2.c tests where the STP is connected to the EUT Ref erence bar
Figure 58 – Lightning Surges - Tested port ADSL and FXO - schematic
Figure 59 – Lightning Surges – Tested port ADSL and FXO - Pictures

- 80 -
200Ω
GDT
33kΩ
GDT GDT 150V
150V 150V
EUT Aux. Eq.
STP Grounding
33kΩ
GDT
element
150V
200Ω
Note 1: The grounding element is only equipped f or 2.1.2.c and 5.1.2.c tests
Note 2: The decoupling network is connected to the Generator Return/ Earth, except f or the
2.1.x.c, 5.1.x.c and 5.2.2.b tests where the decoupling network is connected to the EUT Ref erence bar
Note 3: The size of the 200 ohm resistors is larger in the Tested side due to the high energy
of the Lightning surges.
Figure 60 – Lightning Surges - Untested port ADSL and FXO - schematic
Figure 61 – Lightning Surges – Untested port ADSL and FXO - Pictures

- 81 -
7.6.1.3 Ethernet LAN and GbE ports
To generator Generator output resistors
10Ω
10Ω
10Ω
10Ω
10Ω
10Ω
10Ω
10Ω
Note 1
Pair 1
Pair 2
Aux. Eq. EUT
Pair 3
Note 2
Pair 4
Note 1: Surge testing on ethernet is done without the Auxiliary equipment connected during the application
of the surges. The Auxiliary equipment is only connected af ter the surge test f or verif ication purposes.
Note 2: This drawing represents a GbE port with 4 pairs or an Eth port connected with a cable with 4 pairs.
For ethernet that is only connected with a 2 pair cable, pair 3 and 4 is not equipped.
Figure 62 – Lightning Surges - Tested port LAN and GbE – schematic
Termination and coupling to ground Termination of an untested Ethernet port,

of an untested Ethernet port no coupling to ground
Note 1
10Ω 10Ω
Pair 1 Pair 1
10Ω 10Ω
10Ω 10Ω Pair 2

Pair 2
10Ω 10Ω
EUT Aux. Eq. EUT Aux. Eq.
10Ω 10Ω
Pair 3 Pair 3
10Ω 10Ω
10Ω 10Ω Pair 4

Pair 4
10Ω 10Ω
Note 3 Note 5 Note 3,4
Note 1: During surge testing, the untested ethernet port that is coupled to ground is not connected to Auxiliary equipment.
The Auxiliary equipment is only connected af ter the surge test f or verif ication purposes.
Note 2: During surge testing, the untested ethernet port that is not coupled to ground is connected to Auxiliary equipment.
Then verif ication of the ethernet f unction can be done during the application of the surge on any tested port.
Note 3: This drawing represents a GbE port with 4 pairs or an Eth port connected with a cable with 4 pairs.
For ethernet that is only connected with a 2 pair cable, pair 3 and 4 is not equipped .
Note 4: The Auxiliary equipment of the untested ethernet port that is not coupled to ground shall not be connected to
the Generator Return/ Earth.
Note 5: These 10Ω resistors can be replaced by an ethernet cable of convenient length.
Figure 63 – Lightning Surges – Untested port LAN and GbE – schematic

- 82 -
7.6.1.4 FXS ports
To generator GDT
150V
200Ω
33kΩ
2 x bi-directional
Aux. Eq. thyristor diode of EUT
140V
33kΩ
200Ω
GDT
To generator 150V
Note 1: the bi-directional thyristor diode is a 140V type. This is due to the
f act that there can be ringing voltages present on the FXS telephone port.
Figure 64 – Lightning Surges - Tested port FXS - schematic
Figure 65 – Lightning Surges – Tested port FXS - Pictures

- 83 -
200Ω
33kΩ
Aux. Eq. EUT
33kΩ
200Ω
Grounding element: Protection element:
2 x bi-directional 2 x bi-directional
thyristor diode of thyristor diode of
140V 140V
Note 1: the bi-directional thyristor diode is a 140V type. This is due to the
f act that there can be ringing voltages present on the telephone port.
Figure 66 – Lightning Surges - Untested port FXS - schematic
Figure 67 – Lightning Surges – Untested port FXS - Pictures

- 84 -

To generator
L U
Isolation APP1
AC mains EUT
Transf ormer
U
2x1.5mH
N
To generator APP2 (only equipped

f or 5.1.2.b & 5.1.2.c)
U
Generator Return/ EUT Ref erence
Earth f or 5.1.2.b bar f or 5.1.2.c
Note 1: For tests 5.1.2.a, 5.1.2.b & 5.1.2.c, the APP1 is always equipped.
The APP2 is only equipped f or tests 5.1.2.b & 5.1.2.c.
Note 2: For test 5.1.2.b, APP2 is connected to the Generator Return/ Earth;
f or test 5.1.2.c, APP2 is connected to the EUT Ref erence bar.
Note 3: the Coupling and Decoupling networks at the Tested side are usually
integrated in commercially available Surge generators. The use of MOV’s as
coupling elements must be verif ied caref ully.
Figure 68 – Lightning Surges - Tested port AC mains power - schematic
Figure 69 – Lightning Surges – Tested port AC mains power - Pictures

- 85 -
APP Grounding
MOV 430V element
MOV 390V L
EUT AC mains
U
2x1.5mH
Isolation N
Transf ormer
Note 1: The APP is only equipped f or 2.1.2.c and connected to the EUT
Ref erence bar.
Note 2: The Grounding element is only equipped f or 2.1.1.c & 2.1.2.c and
connected to the Generator Return/ Earth.
Figure 70 – Lightning Surges - Untested port AC mains power - schematic
Figure 71 – Lightning Surges – Untested port AC mains power - Pictures

- 86 -
7.6.1.6 USB port
Grounding of the USB port is achieved by grounding the shielding of the USB cable.
Figure 72 – Lightning Surges - Untested port USB - schematic

- 87 -
7.7 Generator output voltage adjustment

K.44, clause A.5.1 requires that:
“The coupling element should be considered as an integral part of the test generator and should not
significantly affect the open-circuit voltage nor the short-circuit current. It may be necessary to increase the
test voltage to compensate for voltage drop in coupling elements.”
In fact, it is not only the coupling element, but also the decoupling network that can have an influence on the
output voltage and output current of the surge generator.
The following tables will focus on the adjustment of the output voltage level for K.21:
Lightning Surges 2.1.x, 5.1.x and 7.1.
Power Induction Surges 2.2.x.
Earth Potential Rise 5.2.2.
The listed values are applicable for the combination of the Generator Coupling elements and Decoupling
Networks as described in the previous chapter. Other components and configurations may lead to other
adjusted values of the generator output voltage.
The values in the next tables are thus only examples and should not be used to set the generator output level
as such but only after measurements are done on the complete set-up.
It is advised to also verify the required short-circuit current settings but this is not included in this document.
An important message is that a generator capable to generate an open circuit voltage that is in line with a
certain test level required by K.21 may not be suitable at all when coupling and decoupling networks are
equipped in parallel and in series. An example of this in the next table is that a lightning surge generator
needs an adjustment up to 8.3kV when a level of 6kV is needed on the connection point of the EUT. In other
words: a generator capable to deliver maximum 6kV is not suitable for this K.21 6kV test.
7.7.1 K.21 2.1.x Lightning Surge generator adjustment values
Measured Measured voltage

Measured voltage at Increase voltage
K.21 Required voltage at EUT after
Basic/Enhanced EUT without EUT from generator up
clause voltage level at generator increase without
connected to:
output EUT connected
2.1.1.a Basic/Enhanced 1.5kV 1.44kV 1.30kV 1.75kV 1.52kV

2.1.1.b Basic 1.5kV 1.44kV 1.22kV 1.85kV 1.50kV
2.1.1.b Enhanced 6.0kV 5.84kV 4.68kV 8.30kV 6.04kV
2.1.1.c Basic 1.5kV 1.44kV 1.22kV 1.85kV 1.50kV
2.1.1.c Enhanced 6.0kV 5.84kV 4.68kV 8.30kV 6.04kV
2.1.2.a Basic 4.0kV 3.90kV 3.40kV 4.80kV 4.05kV
2.1.2.a Enhanced 6.0kV 5.84kV 5.00kV 7.90kV 6.10kV
2.1.2.b Basic 4.0kV 3.90kV 3.08kV 5.20kV 4.00kV
2.1.2.b Enhanced 6.0kV 5.84kV 4.68kV 8.30kV 6.04kV
2.1.2.c Basic 4.0kV 3.90kV 3.08kV 5.20kV 4.00kV
2.1.2.c Enhanced 6.0kV 5.84kV 4.68kV 8.30kV 6.04kV
- 88 -
7.7.2 K.21 2.2.x Power induction Surge generator adjustment values
Measured Measured voltage

Measured voltage at
K.21 Required voltage voltage Increase voltage at EUT after
Basic/Enhanced EUT without EUT
clause level at generator from generator up to: increase without
connected
output EUT connected
2.2.1.a Basic/Enhanced 600V, 0.2s 600V 586V 625V 615V

2.2.1.b Basic/Enhanced 600V, 0.2s 600V 574V 625V 600V
2.2.1.c Basic/Enhanced 600V, 0.2s 600V 574V 625V 600V
2.2.2.a Basic 600V, 1.0s 600V 586V 625V 615V
2.2.2.a Enhanced 1.5kV, 0.2s 1500V 1500V N/A 1500V
2.2.2.a Enhanced 450V, 2s 452V 425V 473V 451V
2.2.2.b Basic 600V, 1.0s 600V 574V 625V 600V
2.2.2.b Enhanced 1.5kV, 0.2s 1500V 1500V N/A 1500V
2.2.2.b Enhanced 450V, 2s 452V 434V 473V 450V
2.2.2.c Basic 600V, 1.0s 600V 574V 625V 600V
2.2.2.c Enhanced 1.5kV, 0.2s 1500V 1500V N/A 1500V
2.2.2.c Enhanced 450V, 2s 452V 434V 473V 450V
7.7.3 K.21 5.1.x, 5.2.2, 7.1, 7.2 Lightning surge & Earth Potential Rise generator adjustment values
Measured Measured Increase Measured voltage

K.21 Basic/ Required voltage voltage at EUT voltage from at EUT after
clause Enhanced voltage level at generator without EUT generator increase without
output connected up to: EUT connected
5.1.1.a Basic 2.5kV 2.50kV 2.39kV 2.60kV 2.49kV

5.1.1.a Enhanced 6kV 5.84kV 4.96kV 7.30kV 6.08kV
5.1.2.a Basic 6kV 5.84kV 4.96kV 7.30kV 6.08kV
5.1.2.a Enhanced 10kV N/A 8.72kV 11.70kV 10.02kV
5.1.1.b/c Basic 2.5kV 2.50kV 2.39kV 2.60kV 2.50kV
5.1.1.b/c Enhanced 6kV 5.84kV 5.52kV 6.50kV 6.08kV
5.1.1.b/c Basic 6kV 5.84kV 5.52kV 6.50kV 6.08kV
5.1.2.b/c Enhanced 10kV N/A 9.12kV 10.90kV 10kV
5.2.2.a/b Basic 600V 600V 600V N/A 600V
5.2.2.a/b Enhanced 1500V 1500V 1.52kV N/A 1500V
7.1-FXS Basic 1000V 1000V 916V 1100V 1010V
7.1-FXS Enhanced 1500V 1500V 1420V 1600V 1520V
7.1-ETH Basic 1000V 1000V 1000V N/A 1000V
7.1-ETH Enhanced 1500V 1500V 1500V N/A 1000V
7.2-USB Basic 100V 100V 100V N/A 100V
7.2-USB Enhanced 150V 150V 150V N/A 150V
________________

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GUIDE ON THE USE OF THE OVERVOLTAGE

Recommendation ITU-T K.21, "Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises

4 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

5 Information required by the test laboratory

5.1 Required level of resistibility

5.2 Characteristics of the agreed primary protector

5.3 Port classification (external or internal)

5.4 Port types

5.5 Test types

5.6 Test conditions

5.7 Test levels

5.8 Test schematics

Symmetric Yes Yes Yes Yes

Not Applicable Mains U.S.

6.1 Tests for an External single pair port

End Fail Transverse Pass

End Fail Port Pass

No Other External Port ? Yes

Fail Port to other Pass

Power Induction Test Lightning Current Test

Lightning Current Test

End Fail Port Pass

No Other External Port ? Yes

End Fail Port to other

Power Induction Test

Power Induction Test

End Fail Transverse Pass

End Fail Port Pass

No Other External Port ? Yes

End Fail Port to other

Power Contact Test

Power Contact Test

End Fail Transverse Pass

End Fail Port Pass

No Other External Port ? Yes

6.1.1.2 Coaxial port

Lightning Voltage Test

End Fail Differential Pass

Lightning Current Test

Lightning Current Test

End Fail Differential Pass

Earth Potential Rise Test

Earth Potential Rise Test

End Fail Transverse Pass

6.1.1.3 Dedicated Power Feed port

Lightning Voltage Test

End Fail Transverse Pass

End Fail Port Pass

No Other External Port ? Yes

End Fail Port to other Pass

Lightning Current Test

Lightning Current Test

End Fail Port Pass

No Other External Port ? Yes

End Port to other

Power Induction Test

Power Induction Test

End Fail Transverse Pass

End Fail Port Pass