UNIT 7.

TRAFFIC
A. PHONETICS
I. Write the sound /eɪ/ or /aɪ/ of the underlined letter(s).
1. train / / 6. drive / / 11. sail / / 16. advice / /
2. cycle / / 7. fly/ / 12. safety / / 17. plane / /
3. mistake / / 8. station / / 13. railway / / 18. great / /
4. ride / / 9. bike / / 14. brake / / 19. outside / /
5. way / / 10. pavement / / 15. time / / 20. fine / /
II. Underline the words having the sound /eɪ/ and circle the words
having the sound /aɪ/ in the sentences below. Then read the
sentences aloud.
1. For your safety, you must obey the traffic rules when driving.
2. The driver turned right at the traffic lights.
3. Lightning strikes caused lots of fires across the state.
4. I will try and find out the information you need.
5. He has his own plane and a pilot’s licence.
6. Jane was standing on the pavement waving at her friends.
7. Great! This is the best way to the railway station.
III. Find the word which has the different sound in the underlined part.
1. a. motorbike b. signal c. vehicle d. hospital
2. a. lane b. stay c. traffic d. waste
3. a. city b. cycle c. bumpy d. safety
4. a. line b. site c. sign d. sit
5. a. means b. great c. seatbelt d. teacher

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Write the means of transport under the correct pictures

bike plane truck train ship

motorbike car
boat bus subway helicopter van

1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________

 5. ________________ 6. ________________ 7. ________________ 8. ________________

9. ________________ 10. ________________ 11. ________________ 12. _______________

II. Match the words in part 1 with definitions.
1. A large, heavy vehicle with wheels. It is used for carrying goods. __________
2. A vehicle with two wheels that you ride by pushing its pedals with your feet. __________
3. A vehicle that has two wheels and an engine. __________
4. A large machine that runs along a railway line. It can carry many people. __________
5. A very large boat used for carrying people or goods across the sea. __________
6. An aircraft with large metal blades on top that spin and lift it into the air. __________
7. A vehicle that flies in the sky and has wings and one or more engine. __________
8. A large vehicle with lots of seats. It carries passengers from one place to another. __________
9. A small vehicle that travels on water, moved by oars, sails or a motor. __________
10. A railway system that runs under the ground below a big city. __________
III. Complete the sentences with the correct tense or form of the verbs from the box.

ride drive fly sail cycle reverse get

on get off
1. My uncle used to be a pilot. He ___________ helicopters.
2. __________ a number 73 bus. That will take you to Islington High Street.
3. He ________into a lamppost and damaged the back of the car.
4. When being stuck in a traffic jam, some people __________ their motorbikes on the pavement.
5. The old man got into a Rolls Royce and __________ away.
6. I will get myself a little boat and ________ it around the world.
7. When we reach the next stop, we’ll ____________.
8. In the afternoon, Mai usually _____________ round the lake near her house.
IV. Fill in the each gap with an expression in the box.

plane tickets zebra crossings driving licence traffic jam

speed limit
cycle helmet means of transport road safety railway
1. Be careful! The _____________ says “No U-Turn”.
2. You ran through the stop sign. May I see your ________________, please?
3. It is the law that motorists give way to pedestrians at _______________.
4. You can book your _______________ online, by phone, or through a travel agent.
5. Slow down – the _______________ on this road is 60 mph.
6. We were stuck in a _______________ on the freeway for two hours.
7. When we got to the _______________ the train had left.
8. What _______________ did they use at that time? – Horses
9. _______________is taught to young children to avoid road accidents.
10. You should wear a _______________ when riding a bike.
V. What do these signs mean? Choose the correct answers.
a. Traffic lights ahead
a. Walking only
b. Stop at the traffic lights
1. 2. b. No crossing the street
c. No traffic lights on this
c. No pedestrians.
road
a. Two-way traffic ahead a. No playing in the street
3. b. One-way road 4. b. No parking allowed
c. Road narrows c. No pedestrian traffic
a. No entry for motor vehicles
a. Trash removal nearby
b. Give way to traffic
5. b. workers on this road 6.
c. Only cars and motorbikes
c. road works ahead
allowed
a. School crossing ahead a. No left turn
7. b. Pedestrians only 8. b. U-turn is prohibited
c. Crosswalk ahead c. U-turn allowed
a. Slippery road a. Stop here
9. b. Oil on road 10. b. One lane traffic
c. Road curves ahead c. No entry
a. All vehicles turn back a. No right turn
11. b. Roundabout ahead 12. b. Go straight ahead on red
c. Turn left only c. No turn right on red
VI. Complete the sentences with can, must or mustn’t

1. You _____________ park here.

2. You _____________ turn left.

3. You _____________ ride your motorbike on this road.

4. You _____________ stop.

5. You _____________ drive more than 50 km/h.

6. Only cyclists _____________ enter this lane.

You _____________ go ahead or turn right.

7.

You _____________ make a U-Turn here.

8.

9. You _____________ give way.

10. Pedestrians _____________ enter.

VII. Complete the sentences with should or shouldn’t and the verbs in
the box.
park play walk eat wait travel wear obey cycle
getup
1. You __________ alone, for your safety.
2. If you’re at a pedestrian crossing, you __________ for the green light.
3. People __________ much fast food to reduce the risk of heart disease.
4. You __________ early and do morning exercise.
5. We __________ our vehicles in front of fire hydrants and just walk away.
6. Everybody __________ traffic rules to avoid road accidents.
7. You __________ a helmet when riding a bike.
8. Cyclists __________ on the pavement unless it is a path designated for shared
use.
9. You __________ across the street at the zebra crossing.
10. Children __________ football in the street.
VIII. Choose the correct answers.
1. You __________ look both ways before crossing the street.
a. couldn’t b. should c. mightn’t d. would
2. You __________ always wear a safety belt when driving or
riding in a car.
a. could b. shouldn’t c. mustn’t d. must
3. You __________ text and drive. The use of handheld devices is prohibited here.
a. mustn’t b. shouldn’t c. can’t d. won’t
4. In some areas cyclists and pedestrians _________ share the footpath, these are
called shared use paths.
a. should b. shouldn’t c. can d. can’t
5. Drivers __________ drive into a street with a “No Entry”
sign.
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. shouldn’t d. mightn’t
6. Most countries in Europe __________ only use electric cars in the next 20 years,
so be ready for it.
a. mustn’t b. should c. can’t d. might
7. You __________ watch the oncoming traffic when walking along a road.
a. shouldn’t b. would c. should d. mustn’t
8. We __________ run across the street. It’s very dangerous.
a. shouldn’t b. can c. must d. couldn’t
9. In New York City, you __________ turn right on red - unless a sign says you can.
a. should b. can c. might d. can’t
10. Passengers __________ never get on or get off from a moving bus.
a. shouldn’t b. should c. won’t d. will
XI. Write sentences with it, using the cues given.
Example: 700 metres/ my house/ gym
It is about 700 metres from my house to the gym.
1. 150 million kilometres/ Earth/ sun
_____________________________________________________________
2. 105 km/ Hanoi/ Hai Phong.
_____________________________________________________________
3. 500 metres/ my house/ my school
_____________________________________________________________
4. 170 km/ Quy Nhon City/ Pleiku City
_____________________________________________________________
5. not very far/ here/ Tan Son Nhat Airport
_____________________________________________________________
6. a long way to go/ Hue/ Ho Chi Minh city
_____________________________________________________________
XII. Write sentences, using the cues given.
Example: your house/ school/ 2 kilometres/ go/ bike.
A: How far is it from your house to school?
B: It’s about 2 kilometres.
A: How do you go to school?
B: I go to school by bike.
1. your village/ the town/10 kilometres/ travel/ motorbike
A: _____________________________________________________
B: _____________________________________________________
A: _____________________________________________________
B: _____________________________________________________
2. Nga’s house/ her grandparents’ house/ 700 metres/ go/ foot
A: _____________________________________________________
B: _____________________________________________________
A: _____________________________________________________
B: _____________________________________________________
3. your hometown/ Ho Chi Minh city/ 900 kilometres/ travel/ train
A: _____________________________________________________
B: _____________________________________________________
A: _____________________________________________________
B: _____________________________________________________
4. Jim’s office/ the restaurant/ not very far/ go/ walk
A: _____________________________________________________
B: _____________________________________________________
A: _____________________________________________________
B: _____________________________________________________
VIII. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition
1. Mai used to go to school __________ food when she was ________ primary school.
2. My father usually travels to Hanoi ____________plane.
3. Mai often cycles round the lake _________Saturday morning.
4. What are you doing ________ the weekend?
5. We were stuck __________a traffic jam for over two hours.
6. How far is your school________ your house?
7. I got ___________at the wrong stop and had to wait ________another bus.
8. Yesterday I saw a horrible accident__________ my way home from school.
9. Many years ago, people didn't use to be worried__________traffic jams.
10. It's illegal _________women to drive __________ Saudi Arabia .
C. SPEAKING
I. Write questions for the underlined parts
Ann: Hi Huan! (1)___________________________________________
Huan: I came to class late this morning because I was stuck in a traffic jam.
Ann: Really? (2)________________________________________
Huan: Yes, my house is rather far from school
Ann: (3)_______________________________________________
Huan: Um...about 5 kilometres, I think.
Ann: (4)_______________________________________________
Huan: I go to school by bike.
Ann: (5)_______________________________________________
Huan: It takes me about 30 minutes. And it takes longer when the traffic is jammed.
Ann: (6)______________________________________________
Huan: I get stuck in a traffic jam once or twice a week.
Ann: (7)______________________________________________
Huan: I often get stuck in a traffic jam on Monday morning.
Ann: (8)________________________________________________
Huan: I usually go to school at 6.15.
Ann: So why don't you start to school a little earlier on Monday?
Huan: Okay, I'll try
II. Put the dialogue into the correct order.
___ Oh, I thought I could make a right turn on red here.
___ Here's your ticket. Please drive safely, ma'am.
___ Thank you, sir.
_1_ Sir, did I do anything wrong?
___ No, ma'am. The sign says "No Turn on Red."
___ Yes, ma'am. Didn't you see the red light?
___ May I see your driver's license and insurance policy, please? I have to give you a ticket.
___ Oh, I guess I didn’t see it.
___ Here they are.
___ Have a nice day, ma’am.
D. READING
I. Fill in each blank with a word from the box

safest vehicles only far crossroad follow

across reason
 Children have a tendency to run very fast (1)__________ the street, or choose any spot to cross
because it may seem empty, or approaching vehicles may be (2) __________ away. That can be
dangerous as passing (3) __________ do not slow down unless there is a signal or a crossroad. This is
the (4)____________ why pedestrian crossings and intersections are the (5)__________ places to
cross. Children should cross (6)_________ at an intersection and use the pedestrian crossing. If they
are in a small neighborhood where there is no (7)___________ should (8)____________ the rule 'stop,
look both ways and cross'.
II. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.
THE FIRST ELECTRIC TRAFFIC LIGHTS
In the early 1900's, the world was developing at a very rapid pace, and with the growth of
industrialization, cities became more crowded. Furthermore, with the invention of automobiles, the
traffic on the roads increased significantly, so there was a need for a better traffic system.
In 1912, an American policeman, Lester Wire, who was concerned with the increasing traffic,
came up with the idea of the first electric traffic light. Based on Wire's design, the lights were first
installed in Cleveland, Ohio, on August 5, 1914, at the corner of 105th and Euclid Avenue
The first electric traffic light had only red and green lights; it did not have a yellow light like
modern- day traffic signals. Instead of a yellow light, it had a buzzer sound that was used to indicate
that the signal would be changing soon.
In the year 1920, a policeman named William Potts in Detroit, Michigan invented the first four-
way and three-coloured traffic lights. Apart from red and green, a third colour - amber (or yellow) -
was introduced. Detroit became the first city to implement the four-way and three-colored traffic
lights. In the 1920's, several automated traffic signals were installed in major cities around the world.
The modern traffic light still uses this famous T-shaped model with three different colors.
A. Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. Due to the invention of cars, the traffic on the roads increased rapidly.
2. The first electric traffic light was invented in 1914 by Lester Wire.
3. The first electric traffic light had red, green and amber lights.
4. The yellow light didn’t exist until the 1920s.
5. Detroit was the first city to use the red, yellow, and green lights to control road traffic.
6. The modern traffic light works on the same principle as Wire’s original light.
B. Answer the questions
1. When was the first electric traffic light invented?
_______________________________________________
2. Who invented the first electric traffic light?
_______________________________________________
3. How many colours did the first electric traffic light have?
_______________________________________________
4. Where were the lights first installed?
_______________________________________________
5. What was used instead of yellow light to warn everyone of a signal change?
________________________________________________
6. When was the yellow light added?
________________________________________________

E. WRITING
I. Arrange the words to make meaningful sentences.
1. big/ traffic congestion/ can/ what/ do/ to/ we/ reduce/ cities/ in?
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. is/ the/ your/ train station/ how/ hotel/ to/ far/ it/ from?
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. my/ it/ not/ is/ far/ very/ house/ from/ to/ school.
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. think/ I/ it’s/ time/ to/ do/ to/ reduce/ in/ something/ traffic jams/ Vietnam.
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. about/ kids/ and road safety/ parents/ traffic rules/ educate/ should/ their.
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. there/ city center/ traffic jams/ are/ the/ in/ rush hour/ often/ the/ in.
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. my apartment/ it’s/ nearest/ about/ bus stop/ from/ to/ the / 300 metres
_______________________________________________________________________________
8. wear/ a/ helmet/ compulsory/ is/ when/ in/ it/ to/ riding/ Vietnam/ a/ motorbike.
_______________________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the
first.
1. Stop at a red light, or the police will stop you.
If you don’t__________________________________________________________________
2. Mai walked to school when she was in primary school.
Mai went____________________________________________________________________
3. Why don’t we cycle to the town at the weekend?
How about___________________________________________________________________
4. The distance between my house and the nearest bookstore is about 2
kilometres.
It____________________________________________________________________________
5. The airport is not far from the hotel.
The hotel is__________________________________________________________________
6. What’s the distance from Madrid to Barcelona?
How_________________________________________________________________________
7. Turn left into Lavalle Street and then go straight ahead.
 Make________________________________________________________________________
8. Does your father usually drive to work?
Does your father usually travel______________________________________________

TEST FOR UNIT 7

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest.
1. a. breaking b. great c. steak d. healthy
2. a. cycle b. bicycle c. fly d. skyscraper
3. a. cycle b. licence c. vehicle d. centre
4. a. reversed b. walked c. stopped d. obeyed
5. a. park b. pavement c. plane d. safety
II. Match the road signs with their meanings.

No Overtaking No Left Turn Pedestrian Crossing Slippery Road

Crossroads
No Parking Go Ahead Only Turn Right Railway Crossing

1.______________ 2._____________ 3._____________ 4._____________

5.____________ 6._____________ 7.______________ 8._____________

9.____________ 10.______________

III. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.

1. You should walk across the street __________ the zebra crossing.
a. on b. at c. in d. from
2. My house is not far from my school, so I usually go __________.
a. on foot b. by foot c. by car d. by air
3. You __________ ride on the pavements. It’s dangerous not only for you, but for
pedestrians.
 a. won’t b. must c. should d. shouldn’t
4. Bicycle riders must give a hand __________ when turning right.
a. sign b. direction c. signal d. crossing
5. It is __________ to use a hand-held mobile phone while driving or riding.
a. safe b. important c. illegal d. careful
6. __________ does it take you to ride to school? - About 30 minutes.
a. How long b. How far c. How often d. How much
7. A __________ is a part of a road that only bicycles are allowed to use.
a. cycle cross b. cycle lane c. cycle line d. cycle race
8. You __________ cross the street when the light is red.
a. should b. don’t have to c. can d. mustn’t
9. Drivers should always __________ the traffic laws to avoid traffic accidents.
a. make b. provide c. allow d. obey
10. “How far is Vung Tau from Ho Chi Minh City?” - “__________”
a. It’s not very far. b. It takes about two hours or more.
c. It’s about 120km. d. You can get to Vung Tau by boat
or bus.
IV. Write the correct form or tense of verbs in brackets.
1. The train __________ (leave) at 6.30, so we’ll be in your place by noon.
2. My family __________ (fly) back from our Hong Kong holiday two days ago.
3. Right now, the students __________ (learn) road signs in the schoolyard.
4. Usually Oanh __________ (walk) to school, but this week she __________ (ride) her
bike.
5. The driver was so drunk that he __________ (lose) control of his car.
6. If I have enough money, I __________ (buy) a racing car.
7. My father __________ (teach) me to ride a bike when I was seven.
8. She would like __________ (take) a priority seat, but the bus driver refused it.
9. Saudi women weren’t allowed __________ (drive) a car until recently.
10. In South Africa, you have to let animals __________ (go) first.
V. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Young children are expected to show __________ to their parents. (obey)
2. When cycling on the roads, remember: __________ first. (safe)
3. Children should avoid __________ foods such as hamburger and chips. (health)
4. Most road accidents happen because the motorists drive __________ . (care)
5. It is unsafe and __________ to pass another vehicle on the left. (legal)
6. My __________ was delayed for over two hours due to bad weather. (fly)
7. Everyone should __________ obey traffic rules for their own safety. (strict)
8. The policeman __________ the car to stop with a flashlight. (sign)
9. Signs with red circles are mostly __________ - that means you can’t do
something. (prohibit)
10. This __________ sign indicates that traffic lights are ahead. (warn)
VI. There is one mistake in each sentence. Find and correct it.
1. You should careful look both ways before crossing the road.
2. He can drive a bicycle with his hands off the handlebars.
3. How far does it take you to cycle to school? ~ About 20 minutes.
4. You are not allowed to drive faster than the number on a limit speed sign.
5. It about 1137 kilometres from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City.
6. Bicycles are a cheap and efficient mean of transport.
7. A sign within a red triangle will warn people for something.
8. Be careful when you are on roads. You must drive fast or carelessly!

VII. Match the questions with the correct answers.

1. How does your father travel to a. Oh, sorry sir, I don’t have it on me.
work? b. I was stuck in a traffic jam.
2. May I see your driving license, c. Not very far. Just about 2 km.
please? d. Go straight ahead, then turn right at
3. Sir, did I do anything wrong? the crossroads.
4. What took you so long? e. Yes, sir. You ran through the stop
sign.
5. What is the fastest means of f. By motorbike.
transport? g. Twenty minutes.
6. How far is it from here to the railway
station? h. The plane, I think.
7. Could you tell me how to get to the
nearest bus stop, please?
8. How long will it take to get there?

VIII. Choose the word which best fits each gap.

Staying safe on foot and bike
Look out for yourself and your friends when out (1) __________ foot and bike.
Choose the (2)__________ routes you can, like quieter, slower roads, with
pavements if you’re walking or (3)__________ if you’re going by bike.
It’s easy to get distracted by your phone or by friends, but you need to be (4)
__________ to traffic. Put your phone away and take your earphones (5) __________
when crossing the road. Don’t trust that drivers (6) __________ spot you and be
able to stop in time - many drivers go too fast and don’t (7)__________ enough
attention, (8) __________ anything you can do to protect yourself is a good thing.
1. a. on b. in c. by d. with
2. a. safe b. safer c. safest d. safely
3. a. zebra crossings b. cycle paths c. footpaths d. bumpy roads
4. a. risky b. warning c. serious d. alert
5. a. off b. over c. out d. down
6. a. must b. will c. could d. should
7. a. pay b. make c. turn d. take
8. a. but b. so c. though d. because
IX. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.
Large cities often have problems that small towns and rural areas do not
have. Two of the biggest problems are heavy traffic and the pollution that cars
create. Of course, traffic problems and pollution are not only found in big cities.
However, the higher populations and larger number of cars on the roads in cities
can make the problems happen more often and with more noticeable effects.
One of the most common traffic problems that large cities have is congestion.
As the population of a city increases, so does the number of cars on the road.
Cities cannot always improve the number and size of their roads and highways to
keep up with the number of cars. The result is traffic congestion, or traffic jams.
When traffic jams happen, cars that are stuck in the congestion continue to
run their engines. This creates pollution and is a big problem. Pollution causes
health problems for the people in cities and also hurts the environment.
A. Match the words with their meanings.
1. rural a. being too crowded or too full
2. noticeable b. unable to move
3. congestion c. easy to see or recognise
4. traffic jam d. in the countryside, not in the city
5. stuck e. too many vehicles in one place prevents movement
B. Choose the correct answers.
1. Where do traffic problems and pollution frequently happen?
a. small towns b. rural areas c. big cities d. remote
villages
2. According to the passage, what causes traffic congestion in big cities?
a. A lot of city dwellers b. Too many
cars on the roads
c. Careless drivers d. Less traffic signs on the streets
3. The high number of cars is caused by __________.
a. urban planning b. traffic congestion
c. environmental pollution d. the
population
4. The highway and road network is __________ of meeting the requirement of
increasing number of vehicles.
 a. full b. aware c. incapable d. uncertain
5. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. Only big cities have the problem of pollution.
b. Traffic jams cause pollution.
c. Pollution is a major problem in big cities.
d. Pollution causes health and environmental problems.
X. Make sentences using the words given.
1. The roads/ Vietnam/ too/ narrow/ travel/ easily.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. How far/ it/ your house/ the bookstore?
________________________________________________________________________________
3. There/ be/ several crossroads/ the way/ to school.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. It/ very important/ obey/ traffic rules/ when/ use/ road.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. It/ ten kilometres/ the town/ the airport.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. Two days ago/ we/ stuck/ traffic jam/ over two hours.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. Most streets/ city centre/ congested/ rush hour.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Moscow/ police/ find/ you/ if/ you/ drive/ dirty car.
________________________________________________________________________________