Chapter 17 Geography

CLASS VIII
GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 17 MANUFACTURING
QUESTION 1. BASED ON YOUR UNDERSTANDING BY, TICK

THE CORRECT OPTION.
1 C. ELECTRONIC GOODS INDUSTRY

2 B. PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISE
3 . B. JAPAN
4 . A. MUMBAI
5 B. CEMENT
6 A. FOREST BASED INDUSTRIES
7. C. A GOOD AND CHEAP TRANSPORT NETWORK
PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY.
8 A. IRON AND STEEL
9 B. THE HARDWARE INDUSTRY
10 B. IN DELHI – GURGAON.
QUESTION II . ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN
ONE SENTENCE.
Answer 1. When different raw materials are transformed
into more useful and valuable articles with the help of some
machine, it is known as manufacturing.
Answer 2. The major groups of occupations that are a part
of the cottage industry are pottery, weaving, blacksmith,
carpentry and craftspeople.
Answer 3. The large - scale industry caters to both national
and international markets on a large scale.
Answer 4. The three large - scale industries are Iron and
steel, Automobile and Chemical manufacturing.
Answer 5. The industries which produce materials, which
are in turn used by other industries. For example, iron and
steel industry.
QUESTION III ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN

BRIEF.
ANSWER 1. The characteristics on the basis of which
industries can be classified are:
• Based on size cottage, small-scale and large- scale
industries.
• Based on the source of raw materials - Agro - based,

marine based, forest based, mineral - based industries.
• Based on output - basic and consumer goods industries
• Based on ownership - private, public, joint and

cooperative sector enterprise
ANSWER 2. Cottage or household industries are operations
based out of homes, where manufacturing is done by hand,
using locally available raw materials. Very little capital
investment and transport expenditure are there in these
industries. Good produced in these industries are generally
produced for local consumption and sale.
ANSWER 3. Marine- based industries are those that

process and can fish and fish products.
ANSWER 4. Differences between agro - based and minerals-

based industries:
Agro - based industries
• These industries process agricultural produce.
• These include sugar mills, cotton /Jute textile mills, food
processing unit and even meat and dairy products
manufacturing plants.
Minerals- based industries

• They involve industries where manufacturing is based on
the mineral wealth, obtained through mining.
• Example of such industries include petrochemicals, iron
and steel, and aluminium units.
ANSWER 5. It is important for an industry to be located
near the source of raw material that require large amounts
of cheap, bulky raw materials to save heavy transport costs.
Similar is the case of those industries that use perishable
raw materials such as milk or fish.
QUESTION- IV ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN

DETAIL.
ANSWER 1. Differences between small- scale industries and

large - scale industries.
Small- scale industries :
• Work on a minimum scale of production.
• Cater to basic needs of the people within the locality.
• Require little starting or operating capital.
• Use labour that is often cheap and easily available.
• Have a lower rate of production, textiles, food products,
consumer goods are the examples of small- scale
industries.
Large - scale industries:
• Such industries are capital- intensive.
• Utilise heavy machinery. • Consume a lot of power.
• Employ numerous skilled labourers.
• Produce on a large - scale and cater to the national and
international markets. The iron and steel industry, the
automobile industry are good examples of such
industries.
ANSWER- 2 Industries that require large amounts of cheap

labour are usually located in densely populated areas.
Industries can be located away from the place where skilled
labour is available, if the latter is required in small numbers,
as in the case of the IT industry. If industries require large
volumes of technically skilled people, as in the case of
diamond cutting, the industry may gravitate towards them.
ANSWER 3. The chemical industry is considered a basic

industry because it supplies raw materials for industries
such as glass, fertilisers, rubber, leather, paper, textiles,
pharmaceuticals and others. The chemical industry uses a
great variety of raw materials to produce an enormous
number of products- acids, bases, salts, alcohol, alkalis,
among others.
Answer 4 ×××××××skip ×××
ANSWER 5 . The two major components of the information
technology industry are:
• The hardware industry, which is related to the
manufacturing of computers and their components.
• The software industry which prepares programmes that
enables computers to operate and allow information and
data to be processed, analysed and interpreted.

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CLASS VIII

QUESTION 1. BASED ON YOUR UNDERSTANDING BY, TICK

1 C. ELECTRONIC GOODS INDUSTRY

QUESTION III ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN

• Based on the source of raw materials - Agro - based,

• Based on output - basic and consumer goods industries

• Based on ownership - private, public, joint and

ANSWER 3. Marine- based industries are those that

ANSWER 4. Differences between agro - based and minerals-

Minerals- based industries

QUESTION- IV ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN

ANSWER 1. Differences between small- scale industries and

ANSWER- 2 Industries that require large amounts of cheap

ANSWER 3. The chemical industry is considered a basic

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