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Mid Term 1 - Feb. 11, 2022

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32 views6 pages

Mid Term 1 - Feb. 11, 2022

Uploaded by

Meet Bhut
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENCH 535 / 619.

68 – Principles of Biochemical Engineering


Midterm 1 – February 11, 2022 (2 hours). Documents can be submitted until 6:00 with a 15-minute
contingency time for submitting your document.
Exam will be open-book and open-notes. You are permitted to access your own course notes, the textbook
and the course D2L site. You are not permitted to search the internet, communicate with classmates or
other individuals, or share examinations with classmates or other individuals during the assessment
period. Once the assessment is started, assessment solutions must be submitted within the time limits
listed above.
The course Teaching Assistant, Mr. Brett Abraham, will be monitoring his email (bdabraha@ucalgary.ca)
during the scheduled midterm examinations. Students are encouraged to reach out to him as soon as
possible if they are having any issues accessing, completing, or submitting assessments in D2L. If you are
unable to submit your completed assessment to the dropbox by the deadline due to technical issues with
D2L, please email your submission to the teaching assistant as soon as possible in order to timestamp
your submission. You must also reach out to the Teaching Assistant if it appears that you will not be able
to take a test at the scheduled time, and provide a reason for consideration by the instructor.
Instructor also availability: February 11 from 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm

Please provide your answers in a separate document in the format:


Q1: answer
Q2: answer
…
Q9:
a) Answer
b) Answer . . .
Save your submission as a PDF and upload it with the name:
ENCH535or619_Midterm1_firstname_lastname
The last section of the test requires handwritten work. Please either insert pictures of your work into your
answer document for the appropriate questions or upload a separate PDF document clearly indicating
which questions are answered in each document.
Multiple choice section
1. [1 point] Restriction endonuclease act as a defence mechanism in bacterial system against foreign
DNA such as viruses. But how do bacteria protect their own DNA from endonuclease activity?
a) By methylation of bacterial DNA by restriction enzyme
b) By methylation of foreign DNA by restriction enzyme
c) By phosphorylation of bacterial DNA by restriction enzyme
d) By phosphorylation of foreign DNA by restriction enzyme

2. [1 point] Thermostable DNA polymerases are very important in PCR. How are they obtained?
a) They are obtained by heating the bacteria manually over high temperatures
b) They are isolated from extremely stable thermophilic bacteria which are often found growing
in oceanic vents
c) They are found everywhere in the nature
d) They are obtained by genetically modifying the E. coli bacteria with thermal stability property

3. [1 point] Gel electrophoresis separates nucleic acid molecules based on:


a) charge on molecules
b) size of the molecules
c) nature of the molecules i.e. whether DNA or RNA
d) chemical properties of the nucleic acids

4. [1 point] An operon is defined as:


a) A related set of genes each having different promoters and are present differently
b) A set of genes which are present together but are controlled by different promoters
c) A set of genes which are present together and are controlled by the same promoter
d) A set of genes which are not present together but controlled by the same promoter

5. [1 point] Where does the Glycolysis process take place in anaerobic organism
a) cell membrane
b) cytoplasm
c) mitochondria
d) Golgi body

6. [1 point] On a molecular level DNA differs from RNA due to


a) the presence of a 2’ OH group
b) the type of bases that bind the sugar ring
c) the number of carbons in its sugar ring
d) Only a) and b)
e) all the above
7. [1 point] Different complex carbohydrates are formed due to
a) the presence of different monosaccharides bound by glycosidic bonds
b) the presence or lack of branching glycosidic bonds
c) the steric orientation of glycosidic bonds
d) Only a) and b)
e) all the above

8. [1 point] A phospholipid is amphipathic because


a) it can act as a dense energy source
b) it has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups
c) it forms cell membranes in bacteria and eukaryotic cells
d) it can be saturated or unsaturated

Short Answer section


This section does not need to be completed by hand, feel free to type your short answers in your
submission document

9. Using an electron microscope, you can view enzymes and organelles in a cell, including those involved
with gene expression.

(a) [3 points] How could you tell that a particular sample is a prokaryotic cell rather than a eukaryotic
cell? (Give three major differences)

(b) [5 points] If it is a bacterial cell, what technique could you use to identify if it is a gram-positive or
gram-negative bacterium (1 point)? Briefly explain the steps behind this technique (1 point per step).

(c) [10 points] If you saw the image below, please label the following structures of A-E and provide a
brief description of their function (1 point for correct label, 1 point for correct function):
10. [16 points] For each of the biological macromolecules (a-d) listed below, are they polymers? If so,
describe the basic structure of the monomers that make the polymer and name the bond that links the
monomers together. If not describe why. Give a biological example for each macromolecules and its role
in the cell.

(a) Lipids; (b) Carbohydrates; (c) Nucleic acids; (d) Proteins.


― Is it a polymer? (1 point)
o If so: what is basic structure of monomer and the bond that links monomers? (2 points)
o If not: why? (2 points)
― Give examples and their functions for each macromolecules in cells (1 point)

11. [4 points] State and describe the different levels of protein structure.

12. [6 points] What components and reagents are required for a PCR reaction? Describe the steps
involved in PCR.

13. [8 points] Below is a diagram of DNA replication in E. coli. Answer the questions 1-8. (4 and 5
require you to label the name of the fragment)
Handwritten section
Please complete this section by hand and insert pictures into your submission document or upload a
separately scanned PDF document with your submission.

14. [4 points] The recognition sequence for BamHI is 5’ G|GA _ _ _ 3’. The ‘|’ represents the cutting site.
a) Complete the palindromic sequence and write the complementary strand
b) draw the two sticky ends after BamHI cleavage

15. [16 points] Shown below is the DNA sequence of a gene from a virus that encodes a short viral
peptide (only one strand is shown). Also shown is the sequence of the mRNA synthesized from this gene.

Genomic DNA sequence:


5'-AGCTCATGTGCGAGTCCTGACGCTGACTAGG-3'

Mature mRNA sequence (G* = G cap):


5'-G*AGCUCAUGUGCGAACGCUGACUAGGAAAAAAAA....-3'

(a) Determine the DNA sequence on the complementary strand. (5 points)

(b) In the genomic DNA sequence shown above or in the sequence you obtained in (a), draw a box around
each of the two exons in the gene. (2 points)

(c) In the mature mRNA above, some nucleotides are present that are not coded for in the genomic DNA
sequence. Name the two steps that have occurred to add these nucleotides to the mRNA. (2 points)

(d) Determine the primary structure of the viral peptide encoded by this gene from N terminal to C
terminal. (5 points)

(f) Is this virus more likely to replicate in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells? Briefly explain your reasoning.
(2 points)

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