pklgifbÍdf

3f]t»n Fbf lxdfno uf}td

pklgifbÍkl/ro cy{ ljz/0f -ljgfz_, ult -1fg / k|flKt_ /

cj;fbg -lzlyn ug'{_ kb{5 . o; cfwf/df
‘ jÃb ’ sf] cy{ xf] ‘af]w ’ jf ‘1fg’ . ljåfgx?n] pklgifbÍsf] cy{ x'G5 kfk–tfk gfz u/L
:+flxtf, a|fÙ0f, cf/0os tyf pklgifbÍÍ rf/}sf] ;Rrf 1fg k|bfg ug]{ / cfTdf k|flKt u/]/
;+of]unfO{ ;du| j]b eg]sf 5g\ eg] c1fg–cljBf lzlyn ug'{ xf] .
pklgifbÍnfO{ j]bsf] lzif{efu cyjf j]bfGt
elgPsf] kfOG5Ü lsgls of] j]bsf] clGtd / ci6fWofoL -!=$=&(_ df hLljsf]klgifbfjf}
;j{>Ãi7 efu xf] . ;gftg bz{g hut\df k|l;4 kDo] ;"qfgg';f/ pklgifbÍ zAb k/f]If of
‘k|:yfgqoL’ sf pkklgifbÍ cflbd u|Gy x'g\ . /x:osf] cy{df k|o'Qm ePsf] kfOG5 .
o;nfO{ cfWoflTds dfg;/f]j/ eGg sf}l6Nosf] cy{zf:qdf o'4sfnsf u'Kt k|of]
;lsG5, h;sf] lgM;[t 1fgsf] ;l/tfx? ux?sf] rrf{df cf}klgifb zAb k|of]u ePsf]
o; k'0oe"lddf dfgj dfqsf cEo'bo Pj+ b]lvG5 . o;sf] tfTko{ pklgifbÍsf] cy{
lgM>Ão;sf nflu k|jxdfg 5 . /x:o klg x'g hfG5 .

pklgifbÍsf] efjdf ‘pk’ / ‘lg’ pk;u{ xf] eg] cd/sf]if -#=((_ df klg –‘wd]{ /x:o'klgift\
‘;bÍ ’ wft' ‘ult’ sf] cy{df k|o'Qm x'G5 . ‘ult’ :oft\’ cyf{t\ pklgifbÍ zAbn] u"9 wd{ Pj+
sf] pkof]u 1fg, udg / k|flKtsf ;Gbe{df /x:osf] cy{ a'´fpFb5 . o;/L pklgifbÍnfO{
x'G5Ü t/ oxfF k|flKtsf] cy{ clws pko'Qm k/f]If tyf /x:odo 1fgsf] ;|f]t elgG5 .
b]lvG5 . st} ljåfg\x?n] ‘pklgifbÍ’ zAbsf] Jo'TklQ
Æpk ;fdLKo]g, lg lgt/f+, k|fKg'jlGt k/+ a|Xd o;/L klg ePsf] dfGb5 – pk -;fdLKo
oof ljBof ;f pklgifbÍ .Ç cyf{t\ h'g ljBfn] cyjf Jojwfg/xlt_, lg -ljlzi6 jf ;Dk"0f{_,
k/a|Ùsf] ;fldKo Pj+ tfbfTDo k|fKt ul/G5, ;bÍ -1fg jf af]w_ cyf{t\ ‘;fdLKoåf/f k|fKt
Tof] g} pklgifbÍ xf] . ljlzi6 af]w tyf Jojwfg/xlt ;Dk"0f{ 1fg .’
pklgifbÍx?df h'g 1fgsf] ceJolQm ePsf]
csf]{ zAbdf ‘pk’ / ‘lg’ b'a} pk;u{;Fu 5, To;nfO{ lg½ët?kdf pQm ljz]if0fn] o'Qm
‘;bÍ’ wft'df ‘lSjk\’ k|Too k|of]u u/L eGg ;lsG5 .
pklgifbÍ zAb ag]sf] xf] . ‘;bÍ’ wft'df tLg

19
csf]{ dtfg';f/ –‘pklgifBt] k|fKot] p»Ëlvt gbLx?sf] p·jsf af/] ls6fgLsf
a|ÙfTdefjf]˜gof Olt pklgifbÍ .’ h;af6 a|Ù ;fy eGg g;s];Dd sfn lgwf{/0f ;'»g½ët
;fIffTsf/ ug{ ;lsG5, Tof] pklgifbÍ xf] . x'g ;Sb}g . /fhf jf Clifsf klg Pp6}
j:t't pklgifbÍdf a|Ù1fgnfO{ g} k|wfgtf lbP/ gfd Oltxf;sf] cg]s ;dodf b]vf k/]sfn]
ljjÃrg ul/Psf] 5, ctM o;nfO{ cWofTd o; cfwf/af6 x]bf{ klg of] ;d:of
ljBf klg elgG5 . a|Ù1fg, cfTd1fg, Ho"Fsf To" b]lvg cfpF5 . ctM oxfF klg
tÎj1fg / a|ÙljBf oL ;a} kof{jfrL zAb x'g\ .
/rgfsfnsf] 7Ls lg0f{o x'g ufÂ} x'G5 .
;gftgsf] of] cd"No b:tfj]hnfO{ kfëfTo
vuf]nLo of]usf] b[li6sf]0faf6 eg] lgs}
ljåfgx?n] ;d]t d'Qms08n] :jLsf/ u/]sf
glhssf] ;do cf+sng ug{ ;lsgà b]lvG5 .
5g\ .
Hof]ltifsf] oxL ;"qnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL lxhf]sf
rf/ o'usf] a[xt\ ;+/rgfdf ;gftgLx?n] clwsfz+ ljåfg\x?n] ljleGg cfif{u|Gysf
zf:q, u|Gy, k'/f0f, :+flxtflbsf ?kdf ljleGg
/rgfsfn kQf nufpg] k|of; u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
pkb]zsf y'k|} jf0fLx? kfP . o;} df´
pklgifbÍx? klg b]vf k/] . pklgifbÍx?sf
/rgfsfnsf ;DaGwdf s'g} Pp6f dfq dt cogefÃu l;4fGt
:jLsf/ ug'{ c;Dej x'G5 . s'g} pklgifbÍx?
j]bsf] d"n ;+ lxtfsf] c+z xf], h;nfO{ ;a} ;j{dfGo tYo xf] k[YjL cf‹gf] w'/Ldf
eGbf k|frLg dflgG5 . s'g} a|fXd0f, cf/0os nuftf/ 3'Db} ;"o{sf] kl/j|mdf ub{5 .
cflbsf c+z x'g\, h'g »g½ët?kdf ;+ lxtf k[YjLjf;Lsf nflu ;"o{ rnfodfg k|tLt x'G5 .
sfneGbf kl5 ePsf] 7xb{5 . s'g} pklgifbÍx? cfsfzdf ;"o{sf] efl;t kynfO{ j|mflGt
:jtGq 5g\, tL j|mdzM kl5 dfq} cl:tTjdf j[Q elgG5 . o;} j|mflGt j[Qdf ;"o{ slxnÃ
cfPsf] efg x'G5 . k[YjLsf] pQ/L uf]nfw{df t slxnà blIf0fL
uf]nfw{df k'u]sf] cg'ej x'G5 . o; j|mddf ;"o{
sfn lg0f{osf ;Gbe{df dGq jf Znf]sx?df h'g laGb'df ljif'jt\ /]vfsf] blIf0f efudf k|j]z
k|fKt zf½Abs ljj/0fsf] ;xf/f lng' kg]{ ub{5, To;nfO{ z/b\ ;Dkft\ laGb' elgG5 .
x'G5 . dGqdf h'g ;Gbe{ kfOG5, To;nfO{ ;fy} 7Ls !*) c+zdf csf]{ laGb', hxfF ;"o{
tLg efudf ljefhg u/L x]bf{ ;xh x'g] pQ/L uf]nfw{df k|j]z ub{5, To;nfO{ j;Gt
b]lvG5 . h:t} – efÅuf]lns kl/l:yltx?, ;Dkft\ elgG5 . of] ;Dkft\ laGb' l:y/ x'Fb}g .
tfTsfnLg /fhf–dxf/fh jf Clifsf gfd tyf of] k|ltjif{ k"j{af6 k½ëdtk{m krf; ljsnf
vuf]nLo of]usf] ljj/0f . w»;bÅF hfG5 . oL laGb'x? wl;gà ultnfO{
efÅuf]lns k»/l:yltsf cfwf/df x]bf{ u…f, cog ult elgG5 . o;}sf cfwf/df sfn
;/:jtL, l;Gw' cflb gbLx?sf gfd pË]v lg0f{o u»/Fb} cfPsf] kfOG5 . ;QfO{; gIfq
/ af /flzsf] dfGotf t ;jÉ »jlbtÈ 5 . s'g}
ePs}nà o;sf] /rgfsfn ;Gb»e{t gbLsf]
sfndf of] ;Dkft\ laGb' s'g gIfqdf lyof]
p·jkl5 dfq ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . t/

20
egL kQf nufPkl5 jt{dfg sfnsf] l:yltsf lgsfn] . t/ lxhf]cfh ef}lts lj1fgn] o:tf]
cfwf/df b'O{ aLrsf] c+z, snf, ljsnfsf] tYo k|df0fx? e]6Íb}5g\, h;sf cfwf/df
km/s ult / ;dosf] cfwf/df sfn lgwf{/0f ;[li6sf] p·j nfvì s/f]8ì jif{ k"j{ ePsf]
ul/G5 . dfGotf :yflkt x'Fb}5 . otf j}lbs ;gftgLx?
;bf g} ;[li6sf] cf/De s/f]8ì jif{ cl3 egL
zfÃwu|Gy Æj}lbs ;flxTo–k»/zLngÇ n]
dfGb} cfPsf 5g\ . ctM ;Dkft\ laGb's}
o;} u0fgfsf cfwf/df ;+ lxtfx?sf] /
cfwf/nfO{ dfGbf klg Ps} l:ylt -gIfq,
rgfsfn nueu $%## jif{ O{;fk"j{ egL
/fzL cflbsf] ;+ud_ ;[li6df s} oìk6s b]
lgsfn]sf] b]lvG5 . cGo y'k|} ljåfg\
lvof] . To;}nà pklgifb\x?sf] /rgfsfnsf
x?sf] u0fgf klg o;}sf] jl/kl/ ePs]f
af/]df tdfd cg'dfg / ul0ftLo k|of]ukl5
b]lvof] . o;}nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;+ lxtfx?af6
klg ;flwsf/ lg0f{o lbg ;Dej x'g ;s]g .
lgsflnPsf O{zfjf:o cflb pklgifbÍx? tyf
ztky a|fÙ0faf6 lnOPsf] a[xbf/0o cflb Oltxf; sfnfg';f/
pklgifbÍx?sf] /rgfsfn pQmfg';f/ lgwf{/0f
/rgfsfnsf af/]df vf]hLlgtL ub}{ hfg]
ub}{ nu]sf] kfOG5 .
j|mddf Oltxf; gsf]­­­­ 6ØfO /xg ;lsGg .
d}qþo'klgifbÍ -^÷!$_ df k|fKt Ct' kl/jt{gsf] Oltxf; lgofNbf Hof]ltifLo cfwf/df
pË]vsf cfwf/df nf]sdfGo ltnsn] pQm o'usf] lgwf{/0f ug'{kbf{ latÃsf] cwf]ult
pklgifbÍsf] /rgfsfn O{=k"= !**)–!^*) åfk/ o'u cfheGbf nueu %))) jif{ k"j{
sf aLr ePsf] ul0ftLo lgisif{ lgsfn]sf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;nfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf ;a}
lyP, h;nfO{ tfTsfnLg s]xL ljåfg\x?n] klg eGbf sfG5f] pklgifbÍ >Ls[i0ff]Qm jf0fL
;dy{g u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ Pp6f s'/f Wofg >LdbÍeujbÍuLtf g} %))) jif{ cl3 ePsf]
lbg of]Uo 5, ;Dkft\ laGb'nfO{ cfsfzdf k|dfl0ft x'g cfpF5 eg] cGo of]eGbf ´g} k/
Ps rj|m #^) c+z -l8u|L_ kf/ ug{ #^) ePsf] 7xb{5 . o;/L Oltxf;nfO{ sfnj|mddf
X &@- @%,(@) jif{ ;do nfUb5 . o;/L /fv]/ x]b}{ hfFbf q]tfo'u åfk/eGbf cl3 /x]
;+ lxtfx?sf] /rgfsfndf h'g cog l:ylt sf] zf:qLo cfwf/df klg /fdfo0f sfnLg
b]lvof], Tof] @^,))) jif{ cl3 klg x'g ;Sg] pklgifb\x? bzì xhf/ jif{ k"j{ ePsf] :jt
;Defjgf b]lvof] . csf]{ of] ;'»g½ët ug{ k|dfl0ft x'G5 .
klg s7Lg eof] ls To;a]nfb]lv cfh;Dd
@^,))) jif{sf] slt rj|m k"/f eP xf]nfg\ < cfëo{do z}nL
O{;fO{ dtfjnDaLx? ;[li6sf] pTklQsf] ;a} pklgifb\sf] z}nL Psbd c·"t b]lvG5 .
;do O{;feGbf kfFr jf ;ft xhf/ jif{ cl3 u'À /x:o a'‰g] tLj| pTs07f, cg'e"ltsf]
dfq} dfGb5g\ . o;}sf cfwf/df DofS;d"n/ uxg Ifdtf tyf cleJolQmsf] ;xhtf htfht}
h:tf kfëfTo ljåfg\n] pklgifb\sf] :ki6 ´lNsG5 . s7f]klgifb\df glrs]tf
/rgfsfn $))) O{;f k"j{ egL lgSof}{n cf‹gf lh1f;f;lxt odsf ;fd'Gg] olt

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cljrn efjn] 8l6/x] ls odnfO{ pgL;fd' o;af6 gofF r/0fdf kbfy{sf] pTklQ x'G5 .
b|ljt x'g} k¥of] . 5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\df Clif k|yd r/0fdf B'nf]s ?kL clÊdf >4fsf]
cf¿l0f cf‹g} 5f]/f êÃts]t';lxt lh1f;' efjn] cfx'ltnà ;f]d, bf];|f] kh{Go?kL clÊdf ;f]dsf]
Iflqo /fhf k|jfx0f;Fu pkb]z lng s'g} ;+sf]r cfx'ltnà jiff{, t];|f] k[YjL?kL clÊdf jiff{sf]
dfGb}gg\ . P]t/]o pklgifbÍdf Clif jfdb]j cfx'ltnà cGg, rt'y{ r/0fdf k'¿ifdf cGgsf]
k|hgg\ rj|m hfGg÷a'‰gsf nflu :jo+ cfÕgf] cfx'ltnà z'j|mf0f' tyf kfFrì r/0fdf gf/L?kL
r]tgfnfO{ To; rj|mdf 3'dfPkl5 k|fKt ePsf]
clÊdf z'j|mf0f'sf] cfx'ltnà JoQm jfrs
cg'e"lthGo 1fg hglxtfy{ lgs} ;xhtfk"j{s
ÆhLjÇ sf] p·j x'G5 . cfhsf ef}lts lj1fg
JoQm ul/lbP .
cf‹gf] ;d:t ;+;fwg k|of]u u/]/ klg r]tgf
u'À 1fg k|s6 ubf{ hxfF cf‹gf cg'ejk|lt / kbfy{sf] o:tf] ;';…t ;+of]hgsf] cWoog
k"0f{ cfTd»jêf; b]lvG5, ToxÌ 1fgLsf] ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .
lg/xƒfl/tf klg :ki6 kl/nlIft x'G5 .
;TonfO{ a'´fpg Clifx?n] ljljw 9… pklgifbÍdf af}l4s hfgsf/Lx? ckof{Kt
ckgfPsf] kfOG5 . s]gf]klgifbÍdf klxnf dflgG5, t/ 1fgsf] ;a} wf/fx?sf] d"ndf
a|Ùsf ljifodf ljjÃrgfTds z}nL ckgfPsf] l:yt cfTdtÎjsf] cg'ej ug'{ ceLi6
kfOG5 / kl5 oIf k|;…åf/f syf z}nLdf dflgG5 . 5fGbf]Uof]klgifbÍdf êÃts]t' :jLsf/
a'´fPsf] kfOG5 . ub{5g\ ls tL ;a} j]bflb cWoog t ul/;s]F,
k|j[mltsf] u"9 /x:onfO{ hg;fdfGosf lglDt t/ klg Tof] cg'e"lt k|fKt x'g ;s]g, h;sf
;'ne pkdfx?sf dfWodaf6 JoQm ug]{ cfwf/df ghfg]sf g;'g]sf ;a} hfGg÷a'‰g
lgs} ;'Gb/ k|of; b]lvG5 pklgifbÍx?df . ;lsG5 . :jo+ b]j»if{ gf/b klg ;gTs'df/
êÃtfêt/ pklgifb\sf] !=$ df ljê Joj:yfnfO{ d'lg;Fu ofrgf ub{5g\ ls j]b ljBfb]lv gfu
Ps ljlzi6 rj|msf] pkdf »b bÅF a'´fpg] ljBf cflb ;a} kfPF, t/ cfTdtÎjsf] 1fg
k|of; u/]sf] b]lvG5 eg] !=% df »jêsf] ePg .
hLjg k|jfxnfO{ gbLsf] k|;…af6 JoQm ug]{
sf}zn b]vfPsf] kfOG5 . a|fÙL r]tgf s;/L pklgifb\sf Clif cfTdaf]w t k/dÃê/sf
ljleGg r/0fx? k"/f ub}{ hLj ?kdf JoQm nflu klg cfjZos dfGb5g\ . a[xbf/0os
x'G5, o:tf tYo s]jn ljjÃrgfTds 9…n] pklgifbÍ -!=$=!)_ df elgPsf] 5 ls a|Xdfn]
a'´fpg vf]Hg' clt b'is/ x'G5Ü t/ 5fGbf]Uof] ha cfk}mFnfO{ hfg] ta pgL ‘;j{’ eP . b]jtf,
klgifb\ -%=$–*_ df Clifnà o;nfO{ j|mdzM kfFr Clif, dg'iodWo] h;n] p;nfO{ hfGof],
k|sf/sf] clÊdf kfFr} cfx'ltsf] pbfx/0fn] tL ;a} tb|"k eP . dx»if{ jfdb]j oxL
lgs} ;xh ?kdf a'´fPsf] b]lvG5 . cg'ejsf cfwf/df eGb5g\ ls Æd g} dg'
cf} ;"o{ x"F===Ç cflb . ¬zf]klgifbÍdf klg
k|To]s clÊdf Ps xJosf] cfx'lt x'G5, Clifsf] oxL cg'ej ´lNsPsf] b]lvG5

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– ÆtÃhf] oQ] ?kd\ sNof0ftd+ tQ] kZofld, efjnfO{ ;/n efiffdf JoQm u/]sf] kfOG5 . efiff
of]˜;fj;f} k'¿ifM ;f]˜xdl:d .Ç ;j{q Ps} 1fgsf] ks8nfO{ b]vfpg}sf nflu eg]/ st} klg
r]tgfnfO{ ;lj|mo b]Vg] Clif s'g} hf»teÃb, cf8Da/k"0f{, lSni6 efiff yf]kg]{ k|of; u/]sf]
ju{ eÃbdf afFlwg rfx]gg\ . cf‹gf] lktfsf] b]lvGg . ts{, ;dLIff, syf]ksyg, pbfx/0f,
kl/ro ;d]t /fd|/L eGg g;Sg] ;Tosfd pkfVofg cflb ljleGg z}nL ;dofg's"n pkof]
hfafn k|v/ lh1f;fn] ubf{ cWofTdsf] pRr u ub}{ efjnfO{ ;xh agfpg] k|of; u/]sf]
sIffdf ;fd]n x'g kfP . a[xbf/0osf]klgifbÍ kfOG5 . olt x'Fbfx'FbÅ klg /x:ofTdstf 7fpF–
-!=$=!!–!%_ df Clif :ki6 ub{5g\ ls 7fpFdf kl/nlIft x'g k'u]sf] 5 . o;sf s}og\
sf/0fx? 5g\ . h:tf] u'À–1fg–lj1fgnfO{
dg'iosf] rf/} j0f{ a|Xdfsf] g} ?k xf] . of] ?k
hlt;'s} ;'ud / ;/n agfP klg To;nfO{
pg}åf/f ljleGg lje"lto'Qm sd{ ug{sf nflu
u|x0f ug]{ Ifdtf cWo]tfdf 5}g÷ePg eg] Tof]
l;h{gf u/]sf x'g\ . b]jtfx?df klg pgLx?sf]
/x:osf] kf]N6fleqÅ /lx/xG5 . b|i6fn] h] b]v]
sd{ljefusf cg';f/ a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo
jf cg'ej u/], Tof] h:tfsf] t:t} efiffdf
Pj+ z"b| ;+1sb]jsf] pË]v kfOG5 . j0f{ eÃbsf
afFWg st} ;Dej x'Fb}gÜ efiffdf ;ƒ]tfTds
axfgfdf hflteÃbsf ljifosf nflu pklgifb\df cleJolQm dfq /xG5 . ;…Lt1n] ;'Gb/
s'g} :yfg 5}g . Clifd'lgx?n] cfTdfsf] /fu dw'/ efjdf ufpFbf ;'Gg]n] cfGtl/s efj
;j{Jofkstfsf] cfwf/df dg'io dfqsf nflu k|jfxsf] ´ns;Dd kfpnf, ;d:t efj a'´]/
;dfg cj;/ pknAw u/fpg] r]i6f u/]sf x'g\ . 8'Ag t ;a} lnkLa4 u/]/ klg lgs} ;fwgf
pklgifb\df sd{sf08 / o;sf] kmn>'ltx?sf] rflxG5 .
pË]v y'k|} 7fpFdf b]lvG5, t/ oxÌ;Dd ;Lldt lxhf]cfh kbfy{ lj1fgnfO{ a'‰g s]jn efiffsf]
eP/ /x]sf] 5}g . sd{sf08sf :y"n :j?knfO{ ;dLIff u/]/ tYo hfGg vf]Hg] kl/kf6L rn]sf]
eÃb u/]/ To;sf] dd{;Dd k'u]/ ;fdufgsf] b]lvG5 . kbfy{ lj1fgsf nflu of] s]xL
JofVof ub{5, k]ml/ klg o1Lo sd{sf08df xb;Dd 7Ls} xf]nf klg, t/ efj lj1fgsf]
s]xL dGqx?sf] ufogdf dfq ;Lldt x'Fb}g . j|mddf s]jn efiffsf] ;dLIffdf ;Lldt eP/
sfd rNb}g . u'À efjsf] cg'ej ug{sf nflu
5fGbf]Uof]klgifbÍ k|yd cWofosf] t]Âì v08df
;"Id ;+jÃbgfTds Ifdtf rflxG5 . cfh o;sf]
tyf cWofo b'Os { f] bf];f| ] v08df k|jm[ lt rj|mdf
cefj lgs} vl8ÍsFbf] cj:yfdf 5 . To;}n]
cg]s k|sf/sf ;fd k|jfx -;Gt'lnt k|jfx_ sf]
pklgifbflbåf/f ;xh efiffdf k|:t't efj klg
:j?k a'´fOPsf] 5 . ToxÌ cêd]w k|s/0fdf /x:odo k|tLt x'g k'u] . Clif, b]jtf / 5Gb
cêd]w JolQmåf/f ;Dk"0f{ »jê ;d»k{t ug]{ ga'´L j]bdGqsf] efj :ki6 x'Fb}g . o;}u/L
;dflw h:tf k|lj|mofsf ?kdf kl/nlIft x'g k'Ub5 . pklgifb\df klg b|i6f–pkb]i6fsf] :t/, nIo
efj / efiff / cleJolQmsf] z}nLdf u»xl/P/ Wofg
lbPkl5 dfq efj / syg 7Ls–7Ls a'‰gdf
pklgifb\df efj / efiffsf] ;xhtfsf] lgs} cfpF5 .
;'Gb/ tfnd]n b]lvG5 . cg'e"ltnà pKh]sf] ;xh
23
 sf ljleGg c… cjojx?df :yflkt 5g\ .
o; j|mddf ef]s–Kof;sf nflu s'g} lg½ët
Clifsf] b[li6sf]0f
:yfg tf]lsPg . of] /x:ofTds plQmnfO{
pklgifbÍsf/ Clifd'lgx?n] hgsNof0fsf] b[li6n] cfhsf] z/L/ lj1fgsf] j|mddf o;/L :ki6
ljlzi6 cg'e"ltx? a8f] ;xh 9…n] JoQm u/]sf ug{ ;lsG5 M
5g\ . of] pgLx?sf] d]wf jf Ifdtf jf ;+:s[t efiffsf]
Clif :ki6 ub{} eGb5g\ ls efÃs / ltvf{sf]
ljz]iftf xf] eGg} d'lZsn k5{ . cfëo{ nfU5 ls s'g} :jtGq :yfg 5}g÷x'Fb}g . tL ljleGg
s;/L olt u"9 /x:o / ljljwtfk"0f{ tYonfO{ c… cjojx?df ;+JofKt b]jzlQmsf ;fy
yf]/} zAbdf ;xh 9…n] ;dflxt ub}{ ‘ufu/df ;+o'Qm 5 . z/L/ lj1fgsf] jt{dfg zfÃw
;fu/’ sf] plQmnfO{ rl/tfy{ u/] . cf}klgifbLo lgisif{nà klg oxL eGb5 . ef]s / ltvf{
;"qnfO{ efjfy{ ubf{ hxfF efiffnfO{ ;xh af]wuDo z/L/sf] k|To]s sf]zdf x'G5 . ha;Dd
agfpg' cfjZos x'G5, ToxÌ b|i6fsf] b[li6sf]0f k]6df cfxf/ / hnsf] e08f/ afFsL
tyf u"9 ;ƒ]tnfO{ klg k|i6Øfpg' cfjZos /xG5, ta;Dd ef]s jf ltvf{sf] cg'e"lt
x'G5 . o;n] Clif d]wf Pj+ hg–lh1f;fsf] x'Fb}g . la/fdLnfO{ :nfO{gsf] l8«kåf/f hn
;';+of]u x'g]5 . Clifsf] b[li6sf] lblUgb]{z / kf]if0f z/L/df k'¥ofpFbf klg ef]s–
ePkl5 lj1hg Totfkl§ cf‹gf] lrGtg Kof;n] ;tfpFb}g . ctM :ki6 x'G5 ls ef]s
zlQmsf] pkof]u u/]/ ;d'lrt nfe k|fKt ug{ / ltvf{ k|To]s hLljt sf]ifsf ;fy ;+o'Qm 5 .
;S5g\ . o;/L g} k'¿ifsf] ue{df k'¿ifsf] kl/kfssf
kbfy{ lj1fg cflb OToflbsf] ;lj|motfsf k5fl8 s'/f klg h]gÃl6s lj1fgsf] dfWodaf6
kbfy{ s0fx?sf] ;lj|motfnfO{ sf/0f dfGb5g\ . o;k|sf/ a'´fpg] k|of; u/]sf 5g\ – jt{dfg
Clifd'lg eGb5g\ ls cflb OToflbsf] h'g b[Zo k|hgg\ lj1fg -h]gÃl6s ;fO{G;_ klg jLo{df
k|lj|mof rln/x]5, To;sf] k5fl8 r]tgfsf] u'0f ;'q -j|mf]df]hf]dx?_ tyf hLjf0f' -hLG;_ df
;+sNk jf cfb]z sfo{ ul//x]5 . sDKo"6/n] JolQmTjsf] ;a} ljzÃiftf ;dfj]z x'g] dfGb5 .
;a} sfo{ cfkm;]cfkm ul//x]sf] b]lvG5, k'¿ifsf] ue{df k'¿ifsf] kl/kfs of] pklgifb\
t/ ljzÃif1 hfGb5 ls Tof] ;f/f k|lj|mofsf] sf] cf‹gf] b[li6sf]0f xf] . kbfy{ lj1fgsf]
d"ndf sDKo"6/nfO{ lbOPsf] lgbÃ{z cyf{t\ cf‹g} ;Ldf 5g\, Clifx?n] To;df r]tgfsf]
sdfG8 g} ;lj|motfsf] d'Vo sf/0f xf] . ;+sNko'Qm tGq b]v] .
o;}u/L Clifx? o; »jê a|Xdf0fsf] k5fl8 s'g} oxfFlg/ s7f]klgifbÍdf glrs]tflÊ tyf p;sf]
u'Kt lgbÃ{z ePsf] dfGb5g\ . To;}nfO{ pgLx?n] Oli6sfx?sf] cjwf/0ff lh1f;'x?nfO{
b[Zo /;x?sf] klg /; eg]sf x'g\ .
lbg' plrt b]lvG5 . o;sf nflu !=!=!% Pj+
P]t/]o pklgifbÍdf Clifnà Pp6f pkfVofgåf/f !=!=!^ sf] l6Kk0fL Wofg lbg of]Uo 5 –
a'´fPsf 5g\ ls lj/f6\ k'¿if k/a|Xdaf6 j]bdf Oi6sf zAb :y"n Oä6fsf cltl/Qm
pTkGg ePsf b]j zlQmx? dg'io z/L/ Oi6 j:t'sf] lgdf{0fdf ;"Id OsfOx?sf nflu

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k|o'Qm eP tfklg oxfF :y"n Oä6sf] :yfgdf cGtMs/0fdf l:yt pmhf{sf] OsfO aLh ?kdf
clÊsf] ;"Id OsfOsf] efj u|fÀ x'G5 . l:yt lbJo k|j[lQx? eGg ;lsG5 . To;}sf]
nf}lss clÊdf klg ljleGg OsfOx? x'G5g\ . hfu/0f Pj+ ;+of]hgn] JolQm ljåfg\, snfsf/,
h;df tfk -Sofnf]/L_, k|sfz -No"d]g_ tyf j}1flgs cflb :t/df k'Ub5g\ . odb]jn]
/ª -sn/ :k]S6«d_ t ;a}nfO{ yfxf ePs} glrs]tfnfO{ :ju{;Dd k'Ug] lbJo clÊ–
s'/f x'g\ . :y"n clÊsf cGo cg]s u'0f klg pmhf{sf nflu cfjZos ;"Id OsfOx?sf]
To;sf] 36s -OsfO_ eGg ;lsG5 . oxfF tyf To;sf] ;+of]hgsf] /x:o atfPsf]
:ju{ k|bflogL lbJo clÊsf] OsfOx? tyf kfOG5 . o;k|sf/ ljleGg k|s/0fx?df lh1f;'
To;sf] rogsf] /x:o atfOPsf] 5 . u'À cWo]tfx?sf lrGtgnfO{ lbzf k|bfg ug]{

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