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READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40, wrich are based on Reading Passage 3 below,
Graffiti
The role of graffiti in the city is exemplified by Zevs' Dirty City Wall in Copenhagen
‘We are accustomed to the idea of authorised art,
commissioned and sanctioned by religious institutions,
the state or that private individual with the deep pocket.
‘Such art is entirely under the command of the poker-
faced man with the serious purse. This is the story
behind the marvels of the Renaissance and the years
thereafter. In his oil sketches, you can see how Rubens
danced to the not-so-delicate tunes of his patrons,
agerandising a donor here, bringing down others at
times.
‘Street art, on the other hand, is paid for by no one, and
it is not for re-sale in the marketplace. It often comes
into being thanks to some nocturnal daredevil with a
taste for what is often regarded as criminal behaviout
This is art made on the run, The studio is the actit’s
pocket. The canvas on which they work is entirely.
unprimed and unready for theie assault. The fact that it
isat odds with the authorities means that artof this kind
often feels hectic in mood, hasty in execution, urgenily
political in its impulses, and prepared for the fact that it
‘may disappear again just as rapidly as it has appeared
because those who see it may regard it as an offence to
the eye.
‘Such art has an air of wild chancing about it. It hits
out at consumerism, greed, hypocrisy and the money-
fvclled chattering of the art establishment. In a world
at the visual mercy of corporate branding, street artists
such as Ron English, for example, re-make brand
images. His is an art of disruption and violation, an art
which exists to do harm to the seductive global culture
of corporate advertising.
‘The best of graffiti art, such as that of the French grafiiti
artist and ‘urban guerilla’ Zevs, often plays with ideas
of danger and prohibition. It seems to laugh at what
gives offence to those who dislike it so much. Zevs
Produces some of his work with the aid of a high-
pressure jet. Recently, he applied this technique to
clean a stretch of unlovely, unacknowledged urban
brick wall in Copenhagen, Denmark in such a way
that what emerges from a century's accretion of grime
and pollution was an image of wave upon wave of
destructively engulfing flames, of which just fragments
are shown in photographs. (This can be one of the
problems with capturing street art with the camera: itis
often difficult to contain on the page of a newspaper.)
No one was ever burnt by a photo of a fire. Can you
deface a building by cleaning it? Surely not. And
yet some sort of violence has surely been done to its
surface.
‘Zovs worked with the grain of what existed, the uneven
surface of a sed brick wall, and what such a material
seemed to evoke ~ the wall of a factory building: or
terraced housing in a poor district. The modulation
of tones ~ black, ochre, red, yellow and many points
in between — was replicated in the flames themselves,
which seemed to emerge from the wall es if they were
some spiritual embodiment of its essential nature. This
ghostly lashing of flames suggests the vanished power
of industry. This unexpected depiction of flames on the
side of the building also felt like a heartfelt expression
of the fundamental energies of art beyond the tamed
space of the gallery, art which had the freedom to be
and 10 do whatever it wished st a moment of its own
choosing.
What is more, it tad no definable, containable