Electrical Machine Design (EE412) Design of Transformsers

Sheet (2)

[1] Calculate the core and window areas required for a l000 kVA, 6600/400 V, 50 Hz,
single-phase core type transformer. Assume a maximum flux density in its
magnetic circuit of 1.25 wb/m 2 and a current density in its electric circuit of
2.5 A/mm 2 , voltage per turn = 30 V, and window space factor = 0.32.

[2] A 3-phase, 50 Hz, oil cooled core type transformer has the following dimensions:
distance between core centers D = 0.2 m, height of the window Hw = 0.24 m, and
diameter of the circumscribing circle d = 0.14 m. The flux density in the core is
1.25 wb/m 2 , and the current density in the conductors is 2.5 A/mm 2 . Estimate the
kVA rating. Assume a window space factor of 0.2 and a core area factor of 0.56.
The core is two stepped (cruciform) in cross section.

[3] Determine the dimensions for the core and yoke for a 5 kVA, 50 Hz, single-phase
core type transformer. A rectangular core is used with long side twice as long as
the short side. The window height is 3 times the width, voltage per turn is 1.8 V,
the window space factor is 0.2, current density is 1.8 A/mm 2 and flux density in the
core is 1.0 wb/m 2 , taking the iron factor as 0.9.

[4] Estimate the main dimensions including winding conductor areas of a 3-phase, ∆/Y
core type transformer rated at 300 kVA, 6600/440 V, 50 Hz. A suitable core with
three steps having a circumscribing circle of 0.25 m diameter and a leg spacing of
0.4 (distance between limb centers) is available. The emf per turn is 8.5 V. Assume
a current density of 2.5 A/mm 2 , a window space factor of 0.28, and a stacking
factor of 0.9. Check the window space factor!

[5] Determine the dimensions of the core and window, the number of turns, and the
cross-sectional area of conductors in the primary and secondary windings of a 100
kVA, 2200/480 V, single-phase, core type transformer to operate at a frequency of
50 Hz, assuming the following data: approximate voltage per turn = 7.5 V,
maximum flux density = 1.2 wb/m 2 , ratio of effective cross-sectional area of the
core to square of the diameter of circumscribing circle = 0.6, and the maximum
width of laminations is 0.9 of diameter of circumscribing circle, three-stepped core,
ratio of window height to its width = 2, window space factor = 0.28 and current
density = 2.5 A/mm 2 . Check the window space factor.

[6] Two single-phase transformers with air-natural cooling having linear dimensions in
the ratio x:1, are designed to work at the same current density, flux density and
frequency. Calculate relative ratings, losses, and total weights per kilo volt ampere
of the two transformers. Comment briefly on the temperature rise of the first
transformer for increasing values of x, assuming that the second transformer
operates with permissible temperature rise on full load.

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 Electrical Machine Design (EE412) Design of Transformsers

[7] Determine the core and yoke main dimensions for a 250 kVA, 50 Hz, single-phase,
core type transformer if there are 15 V per turn, the window space factor is 0.33,
current density is 3 A/mm 2 and maximum flux density is = 1.1 wb/m 2 . The distance
between the centers of the square section core D is twice the width of the core a.
Notice
= that Ai 0.45
= d 2 & a 0.7 d

[8] Determine the main dimensions of the core for a 250 kVA, 6600/415 V, 50 Hz. 3-
phase transformer with star connected windings. Assume the following data:
approximate voltage per turn is 9, maximum flux density is = 1.25 wb/m 2 ,
Ai = 0.62d 2 , window space factor is 0.27, height of window/width of window = 2,
current density is 2.5 A/mm 2 .

[9] Calculate approximate overall dimensions for a 200 kVA, 6600/440 V, 50 Hz, 3-
phase core type transformer. The following data may be assumed: emf per turn is 9
V, maximum flux density is 1.3 wb/m 2 , current density is 2.5 A/mm 2 , window
space factor is 0.3, overall height = overall width. Use a four stepped core where
= Ai 0.62
= d 2 & a 0.92d .

[10] Determine the main dimensions of the core, the number of turns in the primary
and secondary windings and the approximate copper weight of a 3-phase
transformer for 6600/415 V, ∆/Y, 50 Hz. The volt per turn is 8, and the maximum
flux densities in the limbs and yokes are 1.25 wb/m 2 and 1.1 wb/m 2 respectively.
Assume a 3-stepped core having a maximum width of laminations a = 0.9d , and
the net iron area is Ai = 0.6d 2 , window dimensions are 500 mm ×130 mm , window
space factor is 0.33.

[11] Determine the main dimensions of the core and its weight, the number of turns
and the cross-section of the conductors for a 125 kVA, 6600/460 V, 50 Hz, single-
phase, core type transformer if the maximum flux density in the core and yoke is
1.2 wb/m 2 , the current density is 2.5 A/mm 2 . Assume a square cross-section for the
assembled core allowing 10% for insulation (i.e. stacking factor being 0.9), a
window space factor of 0.3 and window height/width ratio is 3/1. The net cross-
section of copper in the window is 0.225 times the net cross-section of iron in the
core. The specific gravity of iron is 7800 kg/m3 . Notice that
= Ai 0.45
= d 2 & a 0.71d .

[12] Determine the core overall dimensions and turns for a single-phase, 125 kVA, 50
Hz core type transformer 6600/415 V, with a square cross section and circular coils
taking an induced emf of 8 V/turn, maximum flux density as 1.25 wb/m 2 , stacking
factor as 0.96, current density as 2.7 A/mm 2 , window space factor as 0.36, and
assuming that window height = 2.5 window width.