GRAMMAR IN USE - ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

UNIT 3: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

A. THEORY
I. GENERAL STRUCTURE (CẤU TRÚC CHUNG)
1. Cách chuyển
Chủ động (Active): Subject + Verb + Object

Bị động (Positive): Subject + Verb + by Object

(to be + V-ed/ V3)
E.g : They planted a tree in the garden.
 A tree was planted in the garden (by them).
2. Các bước chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
 Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động, chuyển thành chủ ngữ câu bị
động.
 Bước 2: Xác định thì (tense) trong câu chủ động rồi chuyển động từ về thể
bị động theo công thức (tobe + V3/ED ).
 Bước 3: Chuyển đổi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động thành tân ngữ thêm “by” phía
trước.
3. Bảng quy đổi các thì ở thể bị động

Thì Chủ động (A) Bị động (P)

Hiện tại đơn S + V-inf/ s/ es + O S + am/ is/ are + V3/ED + (by O)

S + am/ is/ are + being + V3/ED +

Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/ is/ are + V-ing + O
(by O)

S + have/ has + been + V3/ED +

Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/ has + V3/ED + O
(by O)

Quá khứ đơn S + V2/ED + O S + was/ were + V3/ED + (by O)

S + was/ were + being + V3/ED +

Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/ were + V-ing + O
(by O)

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Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + V3/ED + O S + had + been + V3/ED + (by O)

S + will + be + V3/ED +
Tương lai đơn S + will + V-inf + O
(by O)

S + am/ is/ are going to + V- S + am/ is/ are going to + be +

Tương lai gần
inf + O V3/ED + (by O)

S + Modal verb + V-inf + O

Động từ khuyết thiếu E.g. The students in LTV
(can, could, will, would, Secondary School must S + Modal verb + be + V3/ED +
may, might, should, wear a uniform to school. (by O)
ought to, must, shall) =>A uniform must be WORN to
school BY the students in LTV.

4. Lưu ý
 Không dùng "By + tân ngữ" nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động có tính mơ hồ,
chung chung (people, something, someone, etc)
E.g: Someone stole my Lamborghini last night.
 My Lamborghini was stolen last night.
 Nếu S trong câu chủ động là: I, you, we, they, he, she => có thể bỏ đi trong
câu bị động nếu ta không muốn đề cập tới chủ thể gây ra hành động.
E.g: He waters this flower every morning.
 This flower is watered (by him) every morning.
 Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “by”, nhưng gián
tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “with”.
E.g: The bird was shot by the hunter.
The bird was shot with a gun.
This flower is watered __with__ a watering pot every morning.
This flower is watered by my father every morning.
 Trong câu chủ động nếu có trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và trạng ngữ chỉ nơi
chốn khi chuyển sang câu bị động sẽ có dạng:
trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + by + trạng từ chỉ thời gian
PBT => place – by - time

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E.g: Tien Minh is making a cake in the kitchen now.

TN chỉ nơi chốn TN chỉ thời gian
 A cake is being made in the kitchen by Tien Minh now.

II. SPECIAL CASES (NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT)

BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI HAVE/HAS/HAD

S + have + O (người) + V-inf S + have + O (vật ) + V3/ED
E.g.: I brought coffee to my boss every morning.
 My boss has coffee brought by me every morning.
 My boss has me bring him coffee every morning.
BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI GET/GOT
S + get + O (người) + To-V S + get + O ( Vật ) + V3/ED
E.g: Taylor is having her brother clean the car.
 Taylor is getting the car cleaned by her brother.
 Taylor is getting her brother to clean the car.
BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI MAKE
S + be + made + to V inf
E.g.: The teacher made us do all the homework.
 We were made to do all the homework by the teacher
BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI LET
S + be+ ALLOWED/PERMITTED + to V-inf
E.g: My parents don’t let us play League of Legends after 10 p.m.
 We are not allowed/permitted to play League of Legends after 10 p.m.
BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI NEED
S (người) + need + To-V S (vật) + need + V-ing / To be V3/ED
E.g: She needs to type the report.
 The report needs typing/to be typed.
BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ CHỈ Ý KIẾN (think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report…)
It + is /was + V3/ed + that + S + V…..
S2 + be + V3/ed + To-V ( 2V cùng thì )
S2 + be + V3/ed + To have V3/ED ( 2V khác thì )

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E.g. 1: People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.

 It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.
 13 is believed to be an unlucky number.
E.g. 2: They thought that the man had stolen the car.
 It was thought that the man had stolen the car.
 The man was thought to have stolen the car.
BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI V-ING / TO V-inf
To V => To be + V3/ ed . V-ing => Being + V3/ ed
E.g. 1: Dicaprio expected his family to pick him E.g. 1: Ninh Anh Bui likes people speaking well
up at the airport. of him.
 He expected to be picked up at the  Ninh Anh Bui likes being spoken well
airport by his family. off.
E.g. 2: Dicaprio expected someone to repair E.g. 2: Ninh Anh Bui dislikes netizens
his latest Macbook. criticizing his soulmate.
 Dicaprio expected his latest Macbook  Ninh Anh Bui dislikes his soulmate
to be repaired. being criticized by netizens.
BỊ ĐỘNG VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT
(suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend…)
It +(be) + suggested/ recommended/ ordered/ required... + that + O + should + be + V2/ ed
E.g: He suggested that we organize a warm party.
It was suggested that a warm party should be organized.
BỊ ĐỘNG HAI TÂN NGỮ
S + V + O1 + O2
(C1) S + be + V3/ ed + O2 + ( by + O)
(C2) S + be + V3/ ed + to/for + O1 + (by + O)
E.g: The student gave me a book
I was given a book by the student.
A book was given to me by the student
- Các động từ thường đi với giới từ “to”: give, hand, lend, offer, send, show, pay, promise,
read, throw, wish, owe.
E.g: The secretary sent an email to her business partner last night.
 An email was sent to the business partner by the secretary last night.
- Các động từ thường đi với giới từ “for”: buy, do, get, leave, make, order, save, spare.

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E.g: He bought a bouquet of lavender for his wife.

 A bouquet of lavender was bought for his wife.
Note: Động từ Be phải được chia cùng thì với câu chủ động hoặc cùng dạng với Vchính.

B. PRACTICE
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. I still can't believe it! My wallet ______last night.
A. was stolen B. was stealing. C. stolen D. stole
2. The current computer problem is__________ by some experts in the country.
A. studying B. being studying C. being studied D.been studied
t/d: needed/ avoided/ wanted
3. Something funny__________ in class yesterday. “occur/ take place”
A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened
4. The child's arm was swollen because he _________by a bee. “Sting”
A. stung B. had stung C. had been stung D. had being stung
5. Today, many serious childhood diseases ___________by early immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented
6. We were made ________ hard when we were at school.
A. to study B. study C. studying D. studied
7. Many U. S. automobiles (car) __________in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture = produce B. have manufactured
C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
8. Let's go ahead and do it now. Nothing_________by waiting.
A. accomplishes B. accomplished
C. has accomplished D. will be accomplished
9. "When _______?" "In 1928."
A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered
C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover
10. Both domestic and imported automobiles must_________ antipollution devices.
A. equip with B. be equipped with C. equip by D.be equipped by
11. Her fiance is said ________ from Harvard University five years ago.
A. having graduated B. to have graduated C. being graduated D.to be graduated

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12. Vitamin C__________ by the human body. It gets into the bloodstream quickly.
A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily
13. "When can I have my car back?" "I think it'll _____________late this afternoon."
A. finish B. be finished C. have finished D. be finish
14. I didn't think my interview went well, but I guess it must have. Despite all my anxiety,
I_____for the job I wanted. I'm really going to work hard to justify their confidence.
A. was hiring B. hired C. got hiring D. got hired
15. My country___________the pursuit of world peace,
A. is dedicating to B. is dedicated to C. is dedicating by D. is dedicated by
16. She was made _____ for her mistake.
A. to apologize B. apologizing C. to be apologized D. apologizing for
17. Ann hoped ________ to join the private club. She could make important business contact
here.
A. being invited B. to invite C. to be invited D. inviting
18. This is the latest news from earthquake site. Two- thirds of the city ________ in a fire.
A. has been destroyed B. have been destroyed
C. were destroyed D. was destroyed
19. George is______________Lisa.
A. marry with B. marry to C. married with D. married to
20. The rescuers_____________for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain
climbers.
A. were praised B. praised C. were praising D. praising
21. It’s hard to believe that this film ____ completely by computer.
A. has been generated B. has generated
C. was been generating D. was to generate
22. I wish my father had bought me a new mobile phone instead of having it ____ like that.
A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. being repaired
23. Smith _______ an actor years ago.
A. is said to be B. was said being
C. was said have been D. is said to have been
24.In the US the first stage of compulsory education _______ as elementary education.
A. to be generally known B. is generally known
C. generally known D. is generally knowing

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25. Although he tried his best, he could not make his voice _______.
A. to be heard B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
26.The preparations _______ by the time the guests _______.
A. had been finished / arrived B. have finished / arrived
C. had finished / were arriving D. have been finished / were arrived
27. Those letters ________ now. You can do the typing later.
A. need typing B. needn't be typed C. need to type D. needn’t to typing
28. Something _______ immediately to prevent teenagers from _______ in factories and mines.
A. should be done / being exploited B. we should do / exploiting
C. should do I be exploited D. should have done / exploited
29. Thousands of lives lost to air pollution, inactivity and unhealthy diets ________ each year
if the UK takes the action needed to tackle climate change.
A. couldn’t be saved B. could save C. could be saving D. could be saved
30. No longer _______ in our office since it _______.
A. have typewriters been used/computerized
B. typewriters have been used/was computerized
C. have typewriters been used/was computerized
D. typewriters have been used/computerized
31. While there’s disagreement over its origins, the caste system _______ in a legal treatise
called Manusmriti, dating from about 1,000 BC.
A. had been formalized B. was formalized
C. has been formalized D. is formalized
32. The manager is getting the documents _____ before the meeting.
A. prepare B. to be prepared C. to prepare D. preparing
33. The pilot project is believed _______ emissions, noise pollution and damage to road
surfaces.
A. to be reduced B. to reducing C. to reduce D. to have been reduced
34. Sara is baking cookies in the kitchen tonight.
A. Cookies are baked in the kitchen tonight by Son Tung.
B. The kitchen is being cleaned by Son Tung tonight.
C. This evening, cookies are baked in the kitchen by Son Tung.
D. Cookies are being baked in the kitchen by Son Tung tonight.
35. It _______ that the results of IELTS _______ next week.

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A. is said/ will be announced B. says/ announced

C. said/ was announced D. was said/have been announced
36. Today, more than twice as many tabloids _____ than the so-called “quality press” titles
such as The Times or The Guardian.
A. have been sold B. are sold C. had been sold D. will be sold
37. It ________ that cyberspace institutions or online universities will replace traditional
educational establishments.
A. anticipates B. has anticipated C. is anticipated D. will be anticipating
38. Virtual classrooms ______ towards promoting the acquisition of knowledge as a lifelong
endeavor, which occurs through global collaboration.
A. will be geared B. will gear C. is geared D. gear
39. Such terrible acts of child abuse ________ thanks to the continuing protests of the online
community.
A. were ignored B. won’t ignore C. were not ignored D. are ignored
40. I will never forget _______ to the Royal Garden Party, where superb cuisines were served
amid luxurious surroundings.
A. inviting B. to invite C. to be invited D. being invited
41. His responsibilities ________ welcoming visiting dignitaries from foreign countries.
A. included B. were included C. will be including D. had been included
42. Though most fairy tales have happy endings, the stories usually deal with frightening
situations - children ______ in the forest, terrifying giants stepmothers.
A. are abandoned B. abandoned C. will abandon D. had abandoned
43. __________ long thought to have no bones, small amounts of bone were recently found at
the bases of the teeth in some species.
A. Although sharks were B. Despite sharks being
C. In spite of sharks are D. Nevertheless, sharks
44. Diddy tried to avoid ________ by the media for his sexual abuse accuse.
A. criticizing B. being criticized C. to criticize D. to be criticized
45. We don’t let anyone use their cell phones during the examination.
A. Nobody is allowed to use their cell phones during the examination.
B. Nobody is allowed using their cell phones during the examination.
C. Nobody isn't allowed to use their cell phones during the examination.
D. Nobody isn't allowed using their cell phones during the examination.

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46. When archaeologists discovered the ruins of the Olympic Stadium, interest in the
Games__________.
A. was renewed B. were renewed C. they were renewed D. renewed
47. The police think that the thief is hiding in the forest.
A. The thief is thought to be hiding in the forest.
B. It is thought that the thief is hiding in the forest.
C. The thief is thought to have hidden in the forest.
D. It was thought that the thief was hiding in the forest.
48. Visitors must sign in and show identification before ________ into the building.
A. allowing B. being allowed C. having allowed D. to be allowed
49. It is requested that the meeting ___________ due to the Yagi typhoon.
A. being postponed
B. postpone
C. be postponed
D. will be postponed
50. It ______ that children are frequently better at recalling televised stories they have
watched compared to those they have simply heard.
A. has been suggested B. has been suggested C. is suggested D. suggests
II. Rewrite the following sentences into the passive voice
1. People often take him for his brother.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
2. Someone seems to have made a terrible mistake.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
3. He recommends fitting new tires.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
4. He suggested allowing tenants to buy their houses.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
5. It is your duty to make tea at eleven o'clock.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
6. People know that he is armed.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
7. Someone has seen him pick up the gun.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
8. We know that you were in town on the night of the crime.

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=>____________________________________________________________________________.
9. They think that your father was a spy in the World War II.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
10. We believe that he has special knowledge which may be useful to the police.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
11. You needn't have done this.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
12. He likes people to call him "Sir".
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
13. Don't touch this switch..
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
14. You have to see it to believe it.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
15. He doesn't like people laughing at him.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
16. You don't need to wind this watch.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
17. They shouldn't have told him.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
18. Don't speak until someone speaks to you.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
19. It is impossible to do this.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
21. Everyone thought that the Government had ignored their opinions.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
22. Before they invented printing people had to write everything by hand.
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
23. Nobody told me about it. (not)
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
24. The boss had his secretary type all these letters. (typed)
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
25. They employed the workers to repair their house. (had)
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
26. I don't want the others think of me as a burden. (thought)
=>____________________________________________________________________________.

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27. People thought that he killed his wife. (been)

=>____________________________________________________________________________.
28. People expect that the strike will begin tomorrow. (begin)

29. I remember that someone gave me that shirt on my birthday. (remember)

=>____________________________________________________________________________.
30. He recommended using secondhand clothes. (should)
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
31. John made me leave soon. (I)
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
32. It is your duty to do your homework before class-time. (You)
=>____________________________________________________________________________.
33. The crowd was slowly filling the huge stadium.
=>The huge stadium___________________________by the crowd.
34. “I'd take out some travel insurance if I were you, Mr. Smith.
=>Mr. Smith_______________________take out some travel insurance.
35. You will hear from us when we have finished dealing with your complaint.
=>After your complaint________________________you will hear from us.
36. An announcement of their engagement appeared in the local paper.
=>Their engagement ______________________ in the local paper.
37. Nobody ever heard anything of David again.
=>Nothing ____________________David again
38. They paid Sheila $1000 as a special bonus.
=>$ 1000__________________________Sheila as a special bonus.

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