Phase 1 Synopsis (1) 2
Phase 1 Synopsis (1) 2
Phase 1 Synopsis (1) 2
1. Introduction:
The optimal sizing and location of distributed generation (DG) involve determining the most
efficient capacity and strategic placement of power sources in a network. This is crucial for
enhancing overall system performance, reliability, and economic efficiency. Various factors, such
as load patterns, grid topology, and renewable resource availability, play a role in these decisions.
Advanced optimization techniques and modeling tools are often employed to achieve the best
balance between generation, distribution losses, and system resilience. As the energy landscape
evolves, optimizing DG becomes increasingly important for integrating renewable sources and
ensuring a sustainable and resilient power infrastructure.
2. Statistics:
India faces a critical challenge in its energy sector, grappling with one of the highest Transmission
and Distribution (T&D) loss rates globally. The country experiences an alarming average loss of
around 19% of electricity generated during the transmission and distribution process, translating
to an annual loss of approximately 120 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity. This staggering figure
is valued at an estimated ₹1.2 trillion (US$15 billion). To put this into perspective, these losses far
exceed the global average of 6-8%, underscoring the severity of the issue. The International
Energy Agency (IEA) highlighted in its 2020 report that T&D losses in India are even more
pronounced, reaching an estimated 22%, significantly higher than the global average of 8%. Such
substantial losses not only represent a significant economic burden but also underscore the need
for urgent and effective measures to enhance the efficiency of India's electricity transmission and
distribution infrastructure. Addressing this issue is paramount for sustainable energy practices and
economic growth.
3. Literature Survey:
1. India faces a critical challenge in its energy sector, grappling with one of the highest
Transmission and Distribution (T&D) loss rates globally. The country experiences an
alarming average loss of around 19% of electricity generated during the transmission and
distribution process, translating to an annual loss of approximately 120 terawatt-hours (TWh)
of electricity. This staggering figure is valued at an estimated ₹1.2 trillion (US$15 billion). To
put this into perspective, these losses far exceed the global average of 6-8%, underscoring the
severity of the issue. The International Energy Agency (IEA) highlighted in its 2020 report
that T&D losses in India are even more pronounced, reaching an estimated 22%, significantly
higher than the global average of 8%. This elevated rate equates to an annual loss of
approximately $20 billion. Such substantial losses not only represent a significant economic
burden but also underscore the need for urgent and effective measures to enhance the
efficiency of India's electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure. Addressing this
issue is paramount for sustainable energy practices and economic growth.
2. the focus is on achieving minimal power loss and voltage improvement, particularly
emphasizing Case-4, which involves simultaneous Distributed Generation (DG) and Capacitor
Placement. Noteworthy observations reveal that this combined approach yields superior
results. However, it is imperative to acknowledge certain limitations identified within the
study. The experimentation is confined to a 33-Bus Radial Distribution System, potentially
limiting the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, the paper lacks specificity regarding
the type of DG considered and omits crucial information about loading conditions.
Furthermore, an important gap in the discourse is the absence of discussions on stability and
reliability aspects, which are integral components in the assessment of power distribution
system efficiency and robustness.
3. The study focuses on comparing two methods to determine the most suitable location for DG
placement. However, it is important to note certain limitations in the research. The analysis is
limited to a 33 Bus Radial Distribution system, and only Type-1 DG has been tested.
Furthermore, the evaluation is conducted solely under normal operating conditions, without
consideration for fault conditions. These identified gaps suggest areas for future research to
enhance the comprehensiveness and applicability of the proposed DG placement strategies.
5. The paper titled "Optimal Placement of Distributed Generations Networks" by C. Tautiva and
A. Cedena focuses on the application of a heuristic methodology in the context of the IEEE 13
nodes test feeder. Specifically, the authors analyze the optimal placement of distributed
generations in the network, with nodes 611, 652, 671, and 684 identified as having the highest
Nodal factors and contributing to significant losses in the system. While the study provides
valuable insights into improving the efficiency of the power distribution system, certain gaps
are identified. Notably, the total cost function did not account for reliability costs, an essential
factor in assessing the overall performance of distributed generation placements. Additionally,
the evaluation only considered a single load condition, which may limit the generalizability of
the findings. Addressing these gaps would enhance the robustness and applicability of the
proposed heuristic methodology, providing a more comprehensive and realistic approach to
optimizing the placement of distributed generations in power distribution networks.
6. The paper titled "MFO Algorithm for optimal location and sizing of multiple photovoltaic
distributed generations units for losses reduction in distribution systems" by Samir Settoul,
Rachid Chenni, Heba Ahmed Hasan, Mohamed Zellagui, and Mohamed Nassim Kraimia
explores the application of Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) for the optimal placement and
sizing of photovoltaic (PV) distributed generation units in radial distribution systems. The
study incorporates both PV and wind turbines as potential distributed energy resources. The
MFO algorithm is employed to efficiently allocate PV-DG units, resulting in a substantial
reduction in power losses across various distribution system configurations. Specifically, the
losses are decreased from 210.08 kW to 87.165 kW in a 33-bus system, 224.9 kW to 69.39
kW in a 69-bus system, and 121.5 kW to 575.952 kW in a 118-bus system. However, the
paper identifies certain gaps, noting that the effectiveness of the MFO algorithm depends on
factors such as the light absorption coefficient and other tuning parameters. Additionally, it
highlights a potential decrease in the algorithm's performance as the complexity of the
distribution system increases. These findings underscore the importance of further research
and refinement to address these identified gaps for the continued advancement and
Electrical and Electronics Engineering 3
Optimal Sizing and Location of Distributed Generation
applicability of MFO in optimizing distributed generation units in power distribution systems.
7. The study emphasizes analytical techniques and reveals that, for a uniformly distributed
system, the optimum DG size is determined to be 67% of the total load. However, a notable
gap in the research is identified – the reliance on static load models that fail to capture real-
time changes. Additionally, the assumption of uniform transmission line parameters and the
exclusive consideration of a single DG scenario may limit the practical applicability of their
findings. Addressing these limitations could enhance the robustness and relevance of their
proposed approach to better align with the dynamic nature of power systems.
8. The study specifically focuses on the optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation
(DG) and provides empirical results based on testing conducted on both 10 bus and 33 bus
radial distribution systems. However, the paper acknowledges certain limitations. The
proposed framework may not be directly applicable to more complex distribution systems, and
its optimization approach might not be suitable for non-radial distribution systems. These
identified gaps highlight areas for further research and development to enhance the
applicability and robustness of the proposed methodology in diverse distribution network
scenarios.
4. Problem Statement:
‘‘The integration of distributed generation (DG) into power distribution networks poses
challenges related to voltage regulation and power losses. This study aims to develop an
optimization framework to determine the optimal sizing and placement of DG units within
the distribution network.’’
The optimization framework proposed in this study seeks to strike a
delicate balance between the distributed generation capacity and its spatial placement within
the network. The primary goal is to minimize power losses, enhance voltage regulation, and
ultimately improve the overall performance of the distribution system. By leveraging
advanced optimization techniques, the study aims to provide a systematic approach that
enables decision-makers to make informed choices regarding the installation of DG units,
ensuring that they are strategically positioned to address specific network vulnerabilities and
operational constraints.
5. Objectives:
• Voltage Regulation : Voltage regulation is a critical aspect in power distribution
networks, and achieving optimal stability and quality necessitates a strategic approach.
The primary objective is to mitigate voltage deviations within acceptable limits, thereby
securing a consistently stable and high-quality voltage profile across the entire distribution
network. Leveraging advanced modeling and data analytics, this research endeavors to
offer practical and data-driven solutions for decision-makers, contributing to the
fortification of the distribution system's resilience and performance.
1. Objectives:
• Voltage Profile Improvement: Ensure that the distributed generation contributes to
maintaining voltage levels within defined limits, preventing deviations that can impact
equipment and quality of supply.
• Loss Reduction: Target the reduction of power losses within the distribution network,
aiming for increased overall efficiency.
2. Data Collection:
• Load Profiles: Collect detailed information on load profiles, including peak demand
periods and variations in energy consumption throughout the day.
• Historical Energy Consumption Patterns: Analyze historical data to understand seasonal
trends, load growth, and fluctuations.
• Renewable Energy Resources: Evaluate the availability and variability of renewable
energy resources, considering factors like solar radiation and wind patterns.
3. Network Analysis:
• Network Analysis Steps:
• Load Flow Analysis: Analyze the load flow within the distribution network, considering
existing generation sources, transmission lines, and distribution transformers.
• Power Loss Assessment: Evaluate power losses in the network and identify regions with
high losses that can benefit from distributed generation.
• Identify Critical Nodes: Identify nodes in the distribution network where voltage
deviations are critical and power losses are significant, guiding the placement of
distributed generation.
5. Location Analysis:
• Evaluate Impact: Conduct a spatial analysis to assess how distributed generation at
different locations affects the voltage profile and power losses.
• Proximity to Critical Nodes: Prioritize locations that are close to critical nodes identified
in the network analysis, optimizing the impact on voltage stability and loss reduction.
6. Optimal Sizing:
• Define Parameters: Set parameters for optimization, including permissible voltage
deviations, allowable power losses, and constraints on distributed generation size and
capacity.
• Use Algorithms: Apply optimization algorithms to determine the optimal size and capacity
of distributed generation units that maximize voltage profile improvement and minimize
power losses.
7. Implementation:
• Construction and Installation: Physically install distributed generation units at the
determined optimal locations, ensuring proper integration into the existing distribution
network.
• Grid Connection: Connect the distributed generation system to the grid, considering grid
codes and standards for seamless integration.
• Testing and Commissioning: Perform thorough testing and commissioning to verify the
system's performance, ensuring that voltage levels are within specified limits and power
losses are reduced
7.Conclusion:
The use of distributed generation units presents a promising solution to the challenges faced
by India's energy sector. By reducing transmission and distribution losses, we can improve
the efficiency and reliability of the power grid while also promoting the use of renewable
energy sources. While there are still challenges to be addressed, such as optimal sizing and
location of these units, our project offers a viable path forward towards a more sustainable
and resilient energy future.
8.Refrence:
[1] B. Ravi TejaDept. of Electrical Engg., NIT Kurukshetra Kurukshetra, Ashwani Kumar,
member, IEEEDept. of Electrical Engg., NIT Kurukshetra Kurukshetra, India ‘Optimal DG
Placement in Unbalanced Mesh Distribution System for Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile
Improvement’, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy
Systems (PEDES)
[2] Mohamed Imran A School of Electrical Engineering VIT University Vellore, India, Kowsalya
M School of Electrical Engineering VIT University Vellore, India. ‘Optimal Distributed
Generation and Capacitor placement in Power Distribution Networks for Power Loss
Minimization’.
[3] Prabhjot Kauri; Sandeep Kaur2 and Rintu Khanna, , Electrical Engg.Dept.;P.E.C. University
of TechnologyChandigarh,India. ‘Optimal Placement and Sizing ofDG Comparison
ofDifferent Techniques ofDG Placement’. 1st IEEE International Conference on Power
Electronics. Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES-2016)
[4] Rudresh B. Magadum E&E Dept., KLS-GIT, Belagavi Sateesh N. Dodamani E&E Dept.,
KLS-GIT, Belagavi Vireshkumar Mathad E&E Dept., JCE- Belagavi Onkar B. Heddurshetti E&E
Dept., HIT-Nidasoshi, Karnataka, India ‘Impact of DG on Electrical Distribution Network
Under Contingency Conditions’, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA 2021) IEEE Xplore Part
Number: CFP21J88-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-3524-6
[7] Tuba GÖZEL M, Hakan HOCAOGLU, Ulas EMINOGLU ,Abdulkadir BALIKCI. ‘Optimal
Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation on Radial Feeder with Different Static
Load Models’.
[8] Abinash Gour, K.Lalchuailova, Anurag Tiwary, Subhasish Deb and Subir Datta Department of
Electrical Engineering Mizoram University ,Aizawl, India. ‘Power Loss Minimization by
Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation in Radial Distribution System using Atom
Search Optimization’.