Exam 3 Review

Exam 3 Review
Math 148
Concept Checklist:
Section 8.1:
• Have memorized the formula for the arc length of a curve and know how to compute it,
when possible, or use the calculator to approximate the value, when it is not possible.
Section 8.2:
• Have memorized the formula for the surface area of a surface obtained by revolving a curve
around either the x− or y− axis.
• Can setup and calculate the exact surface area, for a given region, or approximate it using
the calculator if not possible.
Section 8.3:
• Have memorized the formula for the centroid of a region enclosed by some given curves and
know how to compute it.
Section 9.1:
• Know what it means for a given function to be a solution to a differential equation.
• Know how to analyze the behavior of a differential equation of the form y 0 = F (t, y) without
actually finding the solution. For example, where is the function increasing/decreasing, what
are the equilibrium solutions (and what do they mean), what happens to the solution as t
approaches infinity, etc.
Section 9.3:
• Know how to solve a separable differential equation.
• Know how to find the orthogonal trajectory of a family of curves to a given family of curves.
• Know how to solve a given differential equation modeling a real-life problem. Also, comfort-
able analyzing the solution and answering questions regarding the situation being modeled.
• Know how to setup a differential equation based off of descriptions of various quantities
being proportional to one another.
Section 9.4:
• Comfortable with the logistic differential equation, its solution and the carrying capacity.
• Comfortable setting up and solving application problems that can be modeled by the logistic
differential equation, or an equation that is similar.
1
The following is a list of suggested problems to practice for the exam. If any problems give you
difficulties, then be sure to mark them and practice additional problems that are similar. This
strategy should minimize the number of surprises on the exam.
Problems:
(1) (a) Find the length of the curve
x4 1
y= + 2 , 1 ≤ x ≤ 2.
16 2x
(b) Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve in part (a) about the y−axis.
(2) Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve
Z x q√
y= t − 1dt, 1 ≤ x ≤ 16
1
about the y−axis.
(3) Find the centroid of the region bounded by the curves

1 √
y = x, y = x.
2
(4) A function y(t) satisfies the differential equation

dy
= y 4 − 6y 3 + 5y 2 .
dt
(a) What are the constant solutions of the equation?
(b) For what values of y is y(t) increasing?
(c) For what values of y is y(t) decreasing?
(d) Sketch the solution curves for the solution y(t) for all possible initial values y(0) = y0 .
(5) Explain why the functions with the given graphs can’t be solutions of the differential equation
dy
= et (y − 1)2
dt
2
(6) Solve the initial-value problem.
dr
+ 2tr = r, r(0) = 5
dt
(7) Solve the initial-value problem.

(1 + cos x)y 0 = (1 + e−y ) sin x, y(0) = 0
(8) Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves.

y = kex
(9) (a) Write the solution of the initial-value problem

dP P
= 0.1P 1 − , P (0) = 100
dt 2000
and use it to find the population when t = 20.
(b) When does the population reach 1200?
(10) One model for the spread of an epidemic is that the rate of spread is jointly proportional to
the number of infected people and the number of uninfected people. In an isolated town of
5000 inhabitants, 160 people have a disease at the beginning of the week and 1200 have it at
the end of the week. How long does it take for 80% of the population to become infected?
(11) The transport of a substance across a capillary wall in lung physiology has been modeled
by the differential equation
dh R h
=−
dt V k+h
where h is the hormone concentration in the bloodstream, t is time, R is the maximum
transport rate, V is the volume of the capillary, and k is a positive constant that measures
the affinity between the hormones and the enzymes that assist the process. Solve this
differential equation to find a relationship between h and t.
3
Solutions:
(1) (a) 21/16 (b) 41π/10
(2) 124/5
(3) (8/5, 1)
(4) (a) y(t) = 0, y(t) = 1, y(t) = 5. (b) y in (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, 1) ∪ (5, ∞) (c) y in (1, 5)
(d) See key.
(5) (a) The function in the graph is both increasing and decreasing. However, dy/dt = et (y −
1)2 ≥ 0 for all t, which implies that the graph of the solution of the differential equation
cannot be decreasing on any interval. (b) When y = 1, dy/dt = 0, but the graph does not
have any horizontal tangent lines.
2
(6) r(t) = 5et−t
3 − cos x
(7) y(x) = ln
1 + cos x
(8) x = C − 21 y 2
2000 2000 2
(9) (a) P (t) = −0.1t
and P (20) = ≈ 560 (b) t = −10 ln 57 ≈ 33.5
1 + 19e 1 + 19e−2
ln 121
(10) It will take t = 7 363 ≈ 15 days for 80% of population to be infected.
ln 38
R
(11) Relationship implicitly defined by the equation h + k ln h = − t + C
V

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Exam 3 Review

about the y−axis.

(3) Find the centroid of the region bounded by the curves

(4) A function y(t) satisfies the differential equation

(7) Solve the initial-value problem.

(8) Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves.

(9) (a) Write the solution of the initial-value problem

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