MLSP

Kenny Method (1910)

History of Medical Technology in a Global Context Devised by Elizabeth Kenny in the treatment
of polio (then called infantile paralysis)
• Disease Using hot packs and muscle manipulation;
• 300 BC to 180 AD: Hippocrates: Father of prompted the invention of a new stretcher
Medicine; Galen: a Greek physician and (called Sylvia stretcher in 1927) intended for
philosopher transporting patients in shock
• Qualitative assessment of disorder through
measurement of body fluids (four humors: Drinker Respirator (1927)
blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile) in -Invented by Philip Drinker to help patients
relation to seasons. with paralytic anterior poliomyelitis recover
• Hippocrates: testing of urine, listening to the normal respiration with the assistance of
lungs & observing outward appearances in artificial respirator
the diagnosis of disease
• Galen: described diabetes as diarrhea of Heart-Lung Machine (1939)
urine -First visual technology invented by Hermann
• Medieval Europe: water casting: uroscopy: von Helmholtz
urine in decorative flask, observed for color,
density & quality Cardiac catheterization and Angiography
(1941)
• 11th century: patient's description of -First operated by Forssman in 1929;
symptoms & observations developed by Moniz, Reboul, Rousth
between 1930 and 1940; discovered as safe
• 18th century: mechanical techniques and method in humans by Cournand in 1941
dissection of cadaver
• Electron microscope
• 19th century: machines for diagnosis of • Computers in medical researches: magnetic
therapeutics resonance imaging (MRI), tomography
• Prosthesis: artificial heart valves, artificial
• John Hutchinson's spirometer for measuring blood vessels, functional electromechanical
vital capacity of lungs limbs, reconstructive skeletal joints
• Robotics, keyhole surgery procedures,
• Jules Harrison sphygmomanometer for genetic engineering, telemedicine
measuring blood pressure • Improved quality of life and increased life
-Use of chemistry for diabetes, anemia, expectancy.
diphtheria and syphilis

Stethoscope (1816) History of Medical Technology in the United

First diagnostic medical breakthrough States
invented by Rene Laennec
1895: University of Pennsylvania: William
Microscope (1840) Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine
The first practical microscope was devised by
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1918: John Kolmer: certification of medical
technologist on a national scale,
Ophthalmoscope (1850) published ”The Demand for and Training
First visual technology invented by Hermann for Laboratory and Technicians’’
von Helmholtz description of the 1st formal training
course in Medical
Laryngoscope (1855)
Devised by Manuel García using two mirrors 1920: Administrative units of clinical laboratories
to observe the throat and larynx in hospitals were directed by chief
physician
X-ray (1859) - Clinical laboratories division: clinical
Invented by Wilhelm Roentgen when he pathology, bacteriology, microbiology,
discovered by accident that radiation could serology, radiology
penetrate solid objects of low density
1922: ASCP was founded American Society for
Electrocardiograph (1903) Clinical Pathology. established the code of
Developed by William Bathoven to measure ethics for technicians & technologist
bacterial changes during beating of the heart
 became an active center for scientific research
1950: Professional recognition from the and instruction, focused on
government for medical technologist microbiological diseases such as cholera,
through licensure laws malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis & dysentery.

1933: Bureau of Health

History of Medical Technology in the Philippines:
Spanish Health System June of 1927: UP College of Public Health started it's
certificate in public health program: aim to provide
1565: 1st hospital is Hospital Real in Cebu: military proper training to the Philippine Health Service
patients, it was moved to Manila medical officers.

1578: San Lazaro Hospital was built by the December 8, 1941: Japan attacked Manila: Medical
Franciscans for the poor and lepers Laboratory Unit of the US Army provided medical
services, perform routine water analysis, examination
1596: Hospital de San Juan de Dios: for poor of food supplies, culture media, distribution of
Spaniards reagents or solutions, investigation of epidemics and
epizootics, post mortem examination and preservation
1641: Hospital de San Jose: Cavite of pathological specimens.

1611-1871: University of Santo Tomas by History of Medical Technology in the Philippines

Dominicans: 1871: 1st faculty of pharmacy and
Medicine 6th infantry division of the US army established the
first clinical laboratory in the Philippines located at
1883: Establishment of Board of Health & Charity Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz Manila. Now know as Manila
Public Health Laboratory.
1886: Journals of science & medicine: Boletin de
Medicina de Manila 1886, Revista US army left during 1945, the laboratory was
Farmaceutica de Filipinas 1893, Cronicas de endorsed to the National Department of Health. It was
Ciencias Medicas 1895 reopened in October 1945 by Dr. Pio de Roda with Dr.
Mariano Icasiano a Manila City Health Officer.
1887: Laboratorio Municipal de Manila: laboratory
examination of food, water and clinical Dr. Pio de Roda with Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana
samples: conducted training program
General Antonio Luna was employed as a
chemical expert & pioneered water testing, Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana prepared a six month formal
forensics and environmental studies syllabus for training program with certificate

History of Medical Technology in the Philippines: Dr. Tirso Briones joined Dr. Pio de Roda & Dr.
American Public Health System Prudencia Sta. Ana

1898: Spanish Military Hospital was converted into the 1954: Bureau of Private Education approved a 4 year
First Reserve Hospital by Lt. Col. Henry course in BS Medical Technology. Manila Sanitarium
Lipincott: chief surgeon of the Division of the and Hospital opened the first school of Medical
Pacific & Eighth Army Corps. Richard P. Technology under the leadership of Mrs. Willa
Hedrick. Internship program was affiliated with Loam
1901: Established a Bureau of Government Linda University in California
Laboratories under the Philippine Commission
Act No. 156: located in Calle Herran (Pedro Gil) 1954: Philippine Union College in Baesa Caloocan
Ermita Manila. now Adventist University of the Philippines took over
MSH School of Medical Technology.
Paul Freer: The bureau's first director: ensured that
the Dr. Jesse Umali: first graduate of medical technology
biological laboratory was well equipped program

The building was destroyed during World War II UST: 1957 offered medical technology as an elective
Now the National Institutes of Health of for pharmacy students. 1961 Medical Technology was
University of the Philippines occupies the area. recognized as official program.

1905: Bureau of Science was established: study of

Tropical diseases, focused on pathology of
White foreigners physiology in tropical climates,
 CREDENTIALING/CERTIFYING ORGANIZATIONS
• Provide certification examination for professionals
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (Medical Technologists and other laboratory
professionals)
What are professional organizations? • Local credentialing agency: Professional Regulation
Assemblages of professionals within a particular • Commission - (PRC)
specialization or professional field that come together • International credentialing agency
for the purpose of collaboration, networking and AMT- American Medical Technologists
professional development or advancement. ASCP - American Society of Clinical Pathology
ISCLT - International Society for Clinical Laboratory
Technology
• Purpose: Promote the particular field, Educate the NCA - National Certifying Agency for Medical
public on relevant issues of the industry, Represent Laboratory Personnel
the interest of the industry locally in government units,
legislative bodies and international societies
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
• Professional organizations that contribute to the
• Professional growth and continuing education: continued professional development of a specific
workshops, trainings, seminars, publishing research group of professionals
journals
Local Professional Societies
• Membership fees PSHBT: Philippine Society of Hematology & Blood
Transfusion
• PAMET: Philippines Association of Medical PSM: Philippine Society of Microbiologist
Technologist Inc. PSP: Philippine Society of Pathologist
AIDS Society of the Philippines
PAMET: Philippine Association Of Medical
• PASMETH: Philippine Association of Schools of
Technologist, INC.
Medical Technology and Public Health Inc.
PASMETH: Philippine Association of Schools of
Medical Technology and Public Health Inc.
Benefits of Membership in Professional BRAP: Bio Risk Association of the Philippines
Organizations PBCC: Philippine Blood Coordinating Council
• Professionalism PCQACL: Philippine Council for Quality Assurance in
• Education Clinical Laboratories
• Perks Ph BBA: Philippine Biosafety and Biosecurity
• Networking Association
• Profile
Recognition
FOREIGN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
AMT: American Medical Technologists
Types of Professional Organization ASCP: American Society for Clinical Pathology
1. Accrediting Organizations AACLS: ASEAN Association for Clinical Laboratory
2. Credentialing/Certifying Organizations Sciences
3. Professional Societies AAMLS: Asia Association of Medical Laboratory
Scientists
ACCREDITING ORGANIZATION AAMLT: ASEAN Association of Medical Laboratory
➤ Organizations that accredit curricular programs Technologists
educational institutions ASCLS: American Society for Clinical Laboratory
➤ Institutional membership Science
➤ CHED-Main accrediting agency of Med Tech IAMLT: International Association of Medical
schools in the Philippines Laboratory Technologists
➤ FAAP: Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the IFBLS: International Federation of Biomedical
Philippines Laboratory Science
ISCLT: International Society for Clinical Laboratory
Technologists
PAASCU: Philippine Accrediting Association of
Schools, Colleges and Universities PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS
• Publications containing scholarly studies on specific
PACUCOA: Philippine Association of Colleges and professional fields
Universities' Commission on Accreditation • Publish research articles & reviews of books and
ACSCU-AAI: Association of Christian Schools, past articles
Colleges and Universities Accrediting Association Inc • Prepared by professionals in the field
• Peer reviewed
A. Philippine Journal of Medical Technology Clinical Laboratories (PCQACL) and Alliance of Allied
B. Asia-Pacific Journal of Medical Laboratory Science Health Organizations of the Nation (AAHON).
C. International Journal of Science and Clinical
Laboratory Internationally: ASEAN Association of Clinical
D. Laboratory Medicine Laboratory Sciences (AACLS), Asia Association of
E. Medical Laboratory Observer Medical Laboratory Scientists (AAMLS), International
F. Clinical Laboratory Science Federation of Biochemical Laboratory Scientists
G. Advances for Medical Laboratory Professionals (IFBLS), Asia Pacific Federation of Clinical
H. American Journal for Clinical Pathology Biochemistry (APFCB) and International Federation in
I. Laboratory Medicine Clinical Chemistry, and with link with PAMET USA
and PAMET Singapore
The Philippine Association of Medical
Technologists (PAMET) The PAMET Insignia (PAMET Logo)
• National organization of all registered Medical Cirle - Continuous involvement where practice and
Technologist in the Philippines. education must always be integrated
• Mr. Crisanto Almario "Father of PAMET" Organized Triangle - Trilogy of Love, Respect and Integrity
• PAMET on September 15, 1963 at the Manila Public Green - Color of Health
• Health Laboratory in Sta. Cruz, Manila. First Microscope and snake - Science of MT profession
organizational meeting. 1964 - Year the board was elected
• September 20, 1964: first national convention &
election of officers at the FEU.
• June 22, 1973: PD No. 223 creating the PRC The PAMET Presidents
• PAMET was formally recognized as the only • MARILYN R. ATIENZA
accredited professional organization of RMT's in the Proactivism
Philippines. Community service programs.
• 46 provincial chapters Publication of the official journal and membership
• 4 international chapters: Singapore, Eastern PAMET AAMLS. to of the
• Regional Middle East, Western Regional Middle Inclusion of Med Techs to hazard pay.
East, USA
• NORMA N. CHANG
Pioneers of PAMET: Representatives from Allied International leadership
Medical Professions Revision of Medical Technologist Code of Ethics on
• Bienvenida Cruz May 7, 1997.
• Crisanto Almario Scholarship of deserving Medical Technology
• Cecilia Cabailo students sponsored by Safeguard.
• Virginia Cabueñas
• Remedios Manansala • AGNES B. MEDENILLA
• Josefina Acayan Organizational Dynamism
• Antonia Geraldez Amendments of RA5527
• Josefina Tombo House Bill 4742 (Board of MedTech)
• Felisa de Leon
• Florentina Catanghal • LEILA M. FLORENTO
• Clarita Centeno Global perspectives "beyond expectations"
2007-2012
Pioneers of PAMET: Representatives from Medical
Technology Schools • MR. ROLANDO E PUNO
• Ms. Corazon Diaz (UST) Empowerment
• Mr. Bernardo Tabaosares (FEU) 2015-2020
• Mr. Santos Sanchez (FEU)
• Mr. Isabelo Samonte (CEU)
• Ms. Cecilia Roque (UP) • Mr. Rommel F. Saceda: 2020-2023
• Mr. Jesse Umali (PUC)
• Mr. Romulo Tabo (PUC) • Luella A. Vertucio: 2023 - present
• Ms. Juanita Sarmiento (UST)
• Mr. Rodolfo Villaroman (CEU)
• Dr. Jose Jurel Nuevo
2023 - present
PAMET Affiliation
Locally: Council of Professional Health Associations
PASMETH
(COPHA), Philippine Federation of Professional
• Philippine Association of Schools of Medical
Associations (PFPA), Council of Health Agencies
Technology and Public Health
(CHAP), Philippine Council for Quality Assurance in
• National organization of 80 recognized schools of PHISMETS Philippine Society of Medical
MT in the Philippines Technology Students
• Formed in May 13,1970 thru Dr. Narciso Albarracin, • Under PASMΕΤΗ
Dr. Serafin Juliano and Gustavo Reyes • Organized in 2002 by Dr. Zenaida Cajucom
• Reorganized on November 25, 2006 at FEU-NRMF
• June 22, 1970-1 organizational meeting at UST by Dir. Magdalena Natividad and Prof. Bernard Ebuen
Dr. Gustavo Reyes- President First Student Congress - February 24, 2009
Dr. Serafin Juliano-VP
Dr. Velia Trinidad-Sec/Treasurer PHISMETS Logo
Dr. Faustino Sunico- Press Relations Officer • 3 Circles - Active involvement of Luzon Visayas and
Mindanao
• First member schools of PASMETH: UST, FEU, • Laurel - Nature and continuation of life
CEU, SJDEFI, PWU, MMC Green letters - Color of life
• Founding organization of AASMT: Bernard Ebuen, • 5 Bubbles - 5 objectives embodied in the constitution
Dr. Jose Jurel Nuevo, Dr. Anacleta Valdez • 15 interconnected molecules - unity of 15 board
schools exploring various possibilities and aiming
towards the integral growth and holistic development
PASMETH Presidents of MLS students
Dr. Ibarra Panopio (1973-1974) . • Microscope - signifies MLS
Dr. Angelita G. Adeva (1974-1975)
Dr. Elizabeth M. del Rio (1977-1981)
Dr. Gustavo Reyes-Dr. Cabrera (1981-82)
Dr. Elizabeth M. Del Rio (1982-83)
Dr. Norma V. Lerma (1983-84)
Dr. Vivencio T. Torres (1984-85)
Prof. Nardito Moraleta (1985-1988)
Dean Norma Chang (1988-95)
Prof. Rodolfo R. Rabor (1996-1999)
Dr. Nini Festin-Lim (1999-2002)
Dean Zenaida Cajucom (2002-April 2010)
Dir. Magdalena Natividad (2010-2011)
Dean Bernard Ebuen (2011-present)

PASMETH (1970)
• Circle - represents the continuity of learning and the
never-ending quest for excellence in the field of
academe.
• Diamond - represents the four objectives of the
Association
• Microscope - represents the field of Medical
Technology and Public Health

PASMETH Objectives
• To encourage a thorough study of the needs and
problems of Medical Technology and public health
education and to offer solutions to them
• To work for the continuous development of MT and
PH education in order that the profession will be of
maximum service to the country
• To take a united stand in matters which affects the
interest of MT and PH education
• To seek the advice, aid and assistance from any
government or private entity for the fulfilment of the
aims and purposes of the association
PROFESSIONALS WITHIN THE CLINICAL evaluating employee performance.
LABORATORY

• Testing Personnel/ Bench Technologist/Staff

Medical Technologist
Organizational Chart –Individuals who actually perform the laboratory
Hospital Administrator
I • Laboratory Technician / Med. Lab. Technician
Laboratory Director (Department Head) – Assist MedTech in the performance of different
I laboratory essays.
Chief of Different Sections (Associate Pathologist)
I I
Chief Medical Technologist Laboratory Manager • Phlebotomist/Laboratory Nurse
I I perform blood extractions
Assistant Chief Medical Technologist Clerk
• Laboratory Aide: clean & maintain equipment
I
Section Heads of Different Laboratory Sections
Hematology Qualifications for Medical Technologist
Microbiology (MT) / Clinical Laboratory Scientist (CLS)
Clinical Chemistry • has a baccalaureate degree from a college
Blood Bank or university
Immunology / Serology • Has completed specified clinical training in
Clinical Microscopy an accredited Medical Technology program.
Histopath • Individuals must also pass the National
Examination (Medical Technology Board
I
Medical Laboratory Professionals
Staff Medical Technologist
• Dedication
I
• Cooperation
Laboratory technician
• Neatness
I
• Caring attitude
Laboratory Nurse
• Physical stamina
I
• Good eyesight
Laboratory Aide
• Normal color vision
• Manual dexterity
• Good intellect
Medical Laboratory Personnel • Aptitude for biological
• Laboratory Director sciences
– Pathologist • Communication skills
– Medical doctors
– Doctoral scientist Ethics and Professionalism
– Doctors of Osteopathy • International – American Association of Clinical
– has ultimate responsibility for all Laboratory Science (ASCLS); formerly American
laboratory operations Society for Medical Technology (ASMT)
• Local – Professional Regulation Commission
• Laboratory Manager Ethics Committee / PAMET Ethics Committee
– usually someone educated in the laboratory Prescribed code of conduct and behavior
sciences and with additional business or
management training.
– Responsible for the day-to-day operation of the Privacy / Confidentiality
laboratory • Patient information is confidential. It must only be
– Responsible for setting personnel standards, discussed with health care employees who are
establishing training and evaluation procedures, directly related to the case and who have a “need to
establishing appropriate quality control know”
programs, and observing and documenting • Test results should not be discussed with patients,
their relatives, or other inappropriate persons
• Test results should be reported only to the physician
• General Supervisor/ Department Head/Section or other appropriate designated employee.
Head • The employee must be professional, courteous and
– Responsible for the quantity and quality of work considerate of patients.
performed in his/her department
– Responsible for training employees and for
Clinical Laboratory d. Limited Service Capability: institution based only;
• Facilities that perform chemical and microscopic dialysis centers and social hygiene clinics
examinations of various body fluids like blood,
and tissues. 2. Special Clinical Laboratory: offers highly
• A wide field where novelty plays a crucial role on specialized laboratory services that are usually not
sustaining health. provided by a general clinical laboratory.
• These laboratories are found in a variety of
settings, both in government and private hospitals
or free-standing (non-hospital) laboratories such Other Type of Clinical Laboratories
as those found clinics, group practices, • Limited Service Capability (Dialysis centers, social
physician’s offices, veterinary offices, government. hygiene clinics)
• Special Laboratories (Fertility labs, molecular and
cellular lab, molecular biology lab, research
Classification of Clinical Laboratory facilities)
A. Classification by ownership • National Reference Laboratories – laboratories in
1. Government government hospitals which has been designated
2. Private by
the DOH to provide special functions and services
B. Classification by function such as the following:
1. Clinical pathology: clinical chemistry, hematology,
immunohematology, microbiology, immunology, a. Confirmatory testing d. Training and research
clinical microscopy, endocrinology, molecular biology, b. Surveillance. Evaluation of kits and reagents.
cytogenetics, toxicology and therapeutic drug
monitoring • Satellite Testing Sites: any testing sites that
2. Anatomic pathology: surgical pathology, performs lab examinations under the administrative
immunohistopathology, cytology, autopsy, forensic control of a
pathology,and molecular pathology licensed laboratory but outside the physical confines
of
C. Classification by institutional character the institution’s laboratory
1. Institution based: hospital, medical clinic, school, • Mobile Clinical Laboratory
medical facility for overseas workers and seafarers, -Any testing unit that moves from one testing site
birthing home, psychiatric facility, drug rehabilitation to
center another. Temporary location.
2. Freestanding -Shall be licensed as part of the main clinical
laboratory and is permitted to collect specimens.
D. Classification by Service Capacity
-Shall be allowed to operate only w/I 100km radius
1. General Clinical Laboratory
from the min laboratory
a. Primary Category: minimum service capabilities:
I. Routine hematology: hgb, rbc count, hct, WBC
count, leukocyte differential count Factors Affecting The Demand for Health Services
II. Qualitative platelet determination in The Philippines
III. Routine urinalysis INCOME
VI. Routine fecalysis • Higher families tend to have higher
V Blood typing: for hospital based actual use of health services
because they are able to afford the
b. Secondary category: primary category plus the
cost.
following:
i. Routine clinical chemistry: blood glucose, BUN, PRICE
URCA, creatinine, total cholesterol • Price has a negative effect on the demand for health
ii. Quantitative platelet determination care. Although total demand for health care was found
iii. Cross matching: hospital based in several studies to be not so responsive to price
iv. Gram staining: hospital based changes, selection of the source of health care
v. KOH: hospital based services was observed to be influenced by the price
factor.
c. Tertiary category: secondary category plus the
following: HEALTH INSURANCE
I. Special chemistry • Aside from reducing the net price of health care,
II. Special hematology: coagulation procedures insurance may be viewed as a method of financing
III. Immunology the demand for health care. It not only reduces the
IV. Microbiology: culture and sensitivity cost of care, it also increases the family’s ability to
Aerobic and anaerobic: hospital based secure health services.
Aerobic or anaerobic: non hospital based
AGE
• The incidence of illness varies with age, so
does the need for health care. The presence of
children and elderly persons in the family raises
the frequency of illness, which in turn increases
the use of health services.

SEX
• To isolate the effect of sex on demand,
factors such as age and health status are considered
in a model specification.

FAMILY SIZE
• The effect of family size on the use
of health services is unpredictable.
A large family has a higher
frequency of illness since it has
more potential patients.

EDUCATION
• Greater amount of education may
enable a person to recognize early
symptoms of illness, resulting in
the patient’s greater willingness to
seek early treatment. The patient
spends more for preventive
services and less for curative
services.

HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AND

BELIEFS
• An individual’s health, knowledge and
beliefs affect his efficiency in
maintaining personal health through
dietary, hygienic, and preventive.

HEALTH NEED
• Demand for health care is based upon felt needs.
Doctors assess whether felt needs are actual
needs. Some turn out to be so. Self-perceived
need determines whether or not an individual is in
the market for health care. It is the immediate
cause of decision to seek medical care.

DISTANCE OF SOURCE OF HEALTH

CARE
• Distance has been the most studied hindrance
to the use of health facility. The more distant a
facility is from potential users, the less likely it
is to be visited.