Grade 3 English Piriven Text Book 632d28d5a64f6

PIRIVENA
ENGLISH
GRADE 3
Educational Publications Department
i
First Print - 2017
All Rights Reserved
Published by : The Educational Publications Department

Printed by : Champika Printers
343, Colombo Road, Kurunegala
ii
The National Anthem of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Matha

Apa Sri Lanka Namo Namo Namo Namo Matha
Sundara siri barinee, surendi athi sobamana Lanka
Dhanya dhanaya neka mal palaturu piri jaya bhoomiya ramya
Apa hata sepa siri setha sadana jeewanaye matha
Piliganu mena apa bhakthi pooja Namo Namo Matha
Oba we apa vidya
Obamaya apa sathya
Oba we apa shakthi
Apa hada thula bhakthi
Oba apa aloke
Apage anuprane
Oba apa jeevana we
Apa mukthiya oba we
Nava jeevana demine, nithina apa pubudukaran matha
Gnana veerya vadawamina regena yanu mana jaya bhoomi kara
Eka mavakage daru kela bevina
Yamu yamu vee nopama
Prema vada sema bheda durerada
Namo, Namo Matha
iii
;s<sKh f,iska rcfhka fï fmd; ,Èñ
lshjd thska keK .=K t<s lr .ksñ
uf. rg fjkqfjka u oE iïm;a rlsñ
fï fmd; tk jifr fjk flkl=g mqoñ
Aµ]ß öÁS©v¯õ´ ¡¼uøÚ¨ ö£Ø÷Óß

AÔÄ ö£¸Qh÷Á ¡¼uøÚU PØ÷£ß
uõ´ |õmiß ÁÍö©ÚÄ® ¡¼uøÚU Põ¨÷£ß
£» ©õnÁ¸® £°ßÔh÷Á ¡¼øu÷¯ AÎ¨÷£ß
From the government, I received this as a gift

I’ll read it, light up my knowledge and practise thrift
On my country’s own behalf, I’ll protect the national resources
And offer this book to another one as a fresh garland of roses
iv
Message from the Hon. Minister of Education
'Pirivena' became the centre of the Education of Sri Lanka as that

entity has been providing education on languages, religions, ethics etc. for
a long time for both Buddhist clergies and lay students. It was a university-
like education centre which made not only the lay and clergy students in
the country but the students overseas also knowledgeable. Students were
given a curriculum prepared in accordance with the needs of each era
through Pirivena education. Therefore, such education centres became
august all over the world.
It is true that the quality of the Pirivena education got deteriorated its
especially with foreign invasions; Portuguese, Dutch and English Quality.
But, Sri Lanka was fortunate to have a dedicated clergy like Ven. Asarana
Sarana Sangaraja Thero who actively contributed towards reestablishing
the Higher Ordination of Sri Lanka in 1753.
Our sole intention is to make the concept of free education
meaningful in every field of education includinig the Pirivena Education.
The Government expends a large sum of money to provide you with all
the Pirivena textbooks free of charge with the hope of making the student
population aware of discipline, ethics and bonhomie and imparting them
to the public through student population.
I think, we are fortunate to be able to provide you this textbook free
of charge. I hope that this book would help developing knowledge and
virtues of both the clergy and lay students in the Pirivena institutes.
Akila Viraj Kariyawasam

Minister of Education
v
Message from the Nayaka Thero, the Director of Piriven Education
We are fortunate to have been born as humans. Therefore, as humans, we
must make our lives more successful. There is a variety of righteous ways that
we can follow to achieve this end. Amongst them, what we should do during our
childhood is learning. The enthusiasm that you show towards education decides
whether you would lead a happy or a sad life in the future. You must keep in mind
that the childhood during which you could study would soon go by.
The majority of clergy and lay students, who are engaged in pirivena
education, are children of poor parents. How fortunate are such children to be given
the opportunity to study in a pirivena? We must show our gratitude to our parents, our
venerable teachers who ordained us, all those who helped us in education and to this
country. We could do that only if we study the preaching and acquire good attitudes
and skills to gain a successful status in the society.
Look at the many clergy and lay personalities who have become savants,
as well as wealthy and powerful characters in Sri Lanka and in other countries.
All of them have acquired education through hard work and dedication. They have
gone through immense difficulties to provide themselves with food and educational
materials. However, today they lead successful and happy lives while bringing
happiness to those who have helped them by studying hard with enthusiasm and
excellent management of time.
There are millions of children spending hand to mouth lives with no
sufficient food to eat, medicine for their ailments or books for their studies. However,
despite their poverty-stricken state, they continue their studies until they achieve
their ultimate goal. We are not that unfortunate when we compare our lives with that
of such miserable children. We receive food free of charge either from the pirivena or
from donors. We are given free textbooks and robes by the government. We receive
free education from pirivena and school. Moreover, due to the Suraksha insurances
scheme of the government, we receive a free health insurance too.
At present, people in the world suffer from lack of water and food. Lord
Buddha, our noblest teacher, has taught us to make the maximum use of food, water
and robes. Wastage of such resources is an offence as well as a demerit. You are given
these textbooks free of charge. Do not forget that the government has spent a huge
amount of money taken from the general public of this country to produce them.
Please use these textbooks carefully and efficiently; enrich your knowledge; pass
your examinations well. Determine to be a virtuous citizen with compassion for all
and love for your country.
Professor Rev. Nabiriththankadawara Gnanarathana Nayaka Thero

Director of Education (Piriven)
Ministry of Education
vi
Foreword
All beings, which are born, exist for some time and depart.
In between the time of their existence, both visible and unnoticeable
changes occur continuously and unceasingly. Everything, both living
and non-living is subjected to face this transformation because all the
worldly things are impermanent or transient.
However, the syllabi as well as the textbooks for Pirivena English

subject had remained unchanged for more than two decades while the
school syllabi have undergone complete revisions from time to time
resulting in the introduction of new textbooks during that period.
Anyway, you are fortunate to follow this new textbook prepared

in accordance with the new syllabus. I think, you will be able to learn
English more enthusiastically and effectively using this book.
I must be thankful to Ven. Professor Nabirittankadawara

Gnanaratana Thero, Director of Pirivena Education Branch of the
Ministry of Education, who had a firm determination that all the
Pirivena English Textbooks are to be introduced anew for all the grades
within one year. If he had not urged both his staff and mine, this book
series would not have come to your hand this year. Then, as the Pirivena
students, you would have become underprivileged.
I offer my sincere thanks to all those who helped to compile

this book successfully, and to the staff of the Educational Publications
Department.
I.M.K.B. Ilangasinghe
Commissioner General of Educational Publications
Isurupaya
Battaramulla
22.02.2018
vii
Competency levels to be covered in grade Three
Unit 1 - Simple Living Unit 2 - Buddhist Customs

Activity 1 - 5.7 and Traditions
Activity 2 - 5.5 Activity 1 - 5.7
Activity 5 - 5.1, 5.8, 5.9 Activity 4 - 6.6
Activity 5 - 6.6
Activity 6 - 1.1
Activity 6 - 4.1
Activity 7 - 6.1
Activity 7 - 5.1
Activity 8 - 8.2 Activity 8 - 8.5, 610
Activity 9 - 5.7 Activity 9.1 - 6.14
Activity 14 - 4.1 Activity 11 - 5.7, 6.11
Activity 13 - 3.2, 5.6
Activity 14 - 1.1, 1.2
Activity 15 - 1.1
Unit 3 – Kind Deeds Activity 16 - 1.1
Activity 1 - 5.7, 6.11
Activity 2 - 1.3 Unit 4 – Sil Programme
Activity 10 - 2.1
Activity 11 - 6.10
Activity 12 - 8.5
Activity 13 - 5.7
Activity 14 - 6.2
Activity 15 - 6.2, 6.12
Activity 16 - 5.2
viii
Unit 5 – We are Friends Unit 6 – Good Conduct

Activity 16 - 5.2
Activity 17 - 4.2
Activity 18 - 4.2
Unit 7 – Source of Activity 19 - 5.5

Information Activity 20 - 4.3
Activity 1 - 5.3, 5.7
Activity 2 - 5.5
Activity 3 - 5.2 Unit 8 –Modern Technology
Activity 4 - 7.4, 8.3 Activity 1 - 5.7
Activity 6 - 5.3
Activity 3 - 6.8
Activity 7 - 3.3
Activity 4 - 3.4
Activity 8 - 5.2
Activity 5 - 5.5
Activity 9 - 4.3
Activity 9 - 6.10
Activity 10 - 7.2
Activity 11 - 6.16
ix
Monitoring and Supervision - Mr. I. M. K. B. Ilangasinghe
Commissioner General of Educational
Publications
Direction - Ven. Professor Nabirittankadawara

Director Pirivena
- Mrs. Nirmala Piyaseeli

Commissioner (Development)
Co-ordination - Mr. Ranjith Iluppitiya

Deputy Commissioner
- Mrs. W. Indumini Darshika

Assistant Commissioner
- Mr. R.D. Sugath Jayawardena
Chief Instructor of English ( Pirivena )
Panel of Editors
1. Ven. Professor Medagampitiye - Head

Wijithadhamma thero Department of pali and Buddhist studies
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
2. Ms. Dilini Chamali Walisundara - Senior Lecturer

Department of English
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
3. Mrs. Bimba Maheshi Weerasuriya - Director of Education

English and Foreign languages Branch
Minisrty of Education
4. Mrs.Chapa welagedara - Assistant Lecture
Department of English
NIE - Maharagama
5. Mr. Anura Dhammika Edirimanne - Teacher

St. John's College
Nugegoda
x
Panel of Writers
1. Mrs. Biyantha Wijepala - Teacher
Gurukula Vidyalaya
Kelaniya
2. Mr. W. A. D. L. Sandaruwan Weerasinghe - Teacher
G/Hettachala Maha Piriwena
Unawatuna
3. Mr. T. D. W. Aruna Pubudu - Teacher
MR/Sri Paramananda Vidyathna Pirivena
Bopagama
4 . Mr. M.V. Manjula Wasantha Kumara - Teacher
MR/Piyatissa Primary Pirivena
Bopagama
Language Editing & Proof Reading

1. Ms. Mahishi Ranaweera - Senior lecturer
English language Teaching Department
University of Kelaniya
2. Mr. H.A.K. Janaka Chaminda - Teacher
G/ Rewatha Vidyayathana Pirivena
Galle
Computer Designing & Formatting

Miss. Kanchana R. Padmaperuma - Educational Publications Department
Cover Design
Mrs. Charani Nishamini Alahakoon - Educational Publications Department
Illustrator
Mr. Ruwan Jayamal - Teacher
G / Indrajothi Primary Pirivena
G / Uluvitike
xi
CONTENTS
Unit Page
01 - SIMPLE LIVING 01
02 - YOU ARE LATE 19
03 - KIND DEEDS 37
04 - SIL PROGRAMME 50
05 - WE ARE FRIENDS 64
06 - I DO NOT 79
07 - SOURCES OF INFORMATION 101
08 - MODERN TECHNOLOGY 116

Dear Student,
Please do not write anything in this book.
Use your exercise book to do the activities
that appear here.
xii
Simple Living 1
‘Be happy with what you have’
Act Out
Shehan’s Bicycle
Venerable Nanda and his friends Lasith and Namal are at the temple. They
are talking about Shehan’s new bicycle.
Namal : Have you seen Shehan’s

bicycle?
Venerable Nanda : Yes, I saw him riding it
yesterday.
Lasith : I wish I had a bicycle
like that. Mine’s so old.
I don't like it. For free distribution 1
Namal : Come on Lasith. What are you complaining about?
Even I don’t have one.
Lasith : But I think Shehan’s bicycle is fantastic.
Venerable Nanda : Do not worry about it, Lasith. Everyone can’t have
everything.
Namal : I think so too. See, you at least have an old bicycle. I
saw you riding it to school. Surely it’s not broken,
is it?
Lasith : No, it’s not. It was my brother’s. The only thing is,
it’s old.
Venerable Nanda : But Lasith , think of those who don’t have even what
you have.
Namal : Hmm... My father also tells me the same.
Lasith : I understand.. but.. then, I like new things.
Venerable Nanda : Do you know that life is simple when we have few
desires.There’s a good story about this. Would you
like to hear it?
Namal : Yes, we’ d love to hear it.
Lasith : I’m sorry about what I said. Let’s listen to
the story.
2 For free distribution

Activity 1 - Reading
Read the conversation and answer the questions.

1. Where are the friends?
2. What are they talking about?
3. Has Venerable Nanda seen Shehan's bicycle?
4. Why does Lasith not like his bicycle?
5. Write the expressions used in the conversation to express the following
emotions:
happiness -
dislike -
regret -
Activity 2
Match the situations with the utterances. Write the letter of the utter-
ance in the box provided.
Situation Utterance
1. Your friend was not A. I’m sorry.
present in class for one
week.
2. A friend has visited B. I’m extremely
you unexpectedly. thankful.
3. You broke your friend’s C. Shame on you.
pencil by mistake.
4. Your friend has told a D. What a lovely
lie. surprise!
5. Your friend has given E. I missed you.
you some notes that
you missed.
For free distribution 3

Activity 3 - Listening
You will listen to a dialogue. Listen to it, identify the words used to express
various emotions and complete the task sheet in Activity 1 in Unit 1 of
your workbook.
This is the story Venerable Nanda told Namal and Lasith. Read it and do
the activities that follow.
The Deer and the Honey-grass

Once upon a time, there was a king. He had a garden. Animals came to
this garden from the forest nearby. The gardener complained about this
to the king.

One day, the gardener saw a deer in the garden. He told the king about the
deer. The king asked the gardener to catch the deer.
“My lord, if you give me some bee’s honey, I can catch him” said the
gardener. So, the king gave him what he wanted.
After that, the gardener began smearing the honey on the grass every day.
Soon the deer developed a craving for the ‘honey-grass’. He came to the
place every day to eat it.
Little by little, the gardener got close to the deer and got him to eat the
honey-grass right out of his hand. Slowly, he continued to lead the deer
away from the garden to the palace. There, the palace guards caught the
deer.
The king came to see the animal and saw a panic-stricken deer.
“A deer is a shy animal that is scared of human beings. But, look! Even
such a shy animal can be trapped because of his craving for the sweet
taste. Craving is very dangerous,” said the king.
Finally, the king released the deer into the forest.
Can you see, how craving could be dangerous. Therefore contentment is

blissful.

Write the correct number on the dotted line according to the order of
the story.
.................. ................. ..................
.................. .................. ...................

Activity 5
Answer the following questions.
1. Who complained to the king?
2. What did the gardener see one day?
3. What did the king ask the gardener to do?
4. Why did the gardener smear honey on the grass?
5. Where was the deer caught in?
6. What do the following words in bold type refer to;
a. this -
b. he -
c. animal -
7. Do you think the gardener is intelligent? Give reasons.

8. Do you think the king is kind? Give reasons.
9. Underline the correct answer;
The speaker of this story is
a. one of the characters
b. the writer of the story
10. Write the words or phrases from the text that helped you to find
the answer to question No 9.
Activity 6 - Pronunciation
Pairwork
Pronounce these words which are underlined in the story. Pay attention to
the initial two letters of each word.
place close slowly bliss
Copy this table into your writing book. Together with your partner write
down words that are pronounced in the same way in each column.
Pronounce the words.

close slow place bliss glass flag
*Now complete Activities 2 & 3 in Unit 1 of your workbook.

Read these sentences taken from the story "The Deer and the Honey-grass".
1. Craving is very dangerous. (subject)

2. Soon the deer developed a craving for the ‘honey-grass’. (object)
In the above sentences, ‘craving’ is not used as a verb. It is used as a noun.

When the present participle (-ing word) is used as a noun, we call it a gerund.
Here are some more examples for gerunds.

e.g. Walking is good for your health. (subject)
I enjoy walking. (object)
Learning Point
Gerunds
Gerunds are the words that are formed with verbs but act as nouns.
They are very easy to spot, since every gerund is a verb ending with ‘ing’.
e.g. Swimming is a good exercise.

The wall needs painting.
Activity 7 - Grammar
Identify the sentences with gerunds. Copy them into your exercise book and
underline the gerunds. State whether they are used as ‘subjects’ or ‘objects’.
1. Reading is my hobby.
2. They were listening to the chanting of Pirith.
3. The monks enjoy learning.
4. Meditating is a very good way to calm yourself.
5. Craving is not a good thing.

6. Most of the students have finished writing.
7. Early rising is a good habit.
8. I like reading Jataka stories.
*Now complete Activity 4 in Unit 1 of your workbook.
Venerable Nanda related the story of "The Deer and the Honey-grass" to
his friends Namal and Lasith.
These are the expressions he used in relating the story;

Once upon a time…… Then ….
After that…. Little by little….
Meanwhile….
Activity 8 - Speaking
Group Work
Let’s relate a story to the class making use of the above expressions.
Your teacher will put you into groups of four. Each one of you will get one
of the following parts of the story. Study it and relate it to the class clearly
and meaningfully.

The Goose and its Golden Egg!
So, he thought of killing the goose and getting hold of all the eggs at once.
He took a knife and cut open the goose but found only one egg inside it.
Once upon a time, there lived a poor farmer. He had a goose.

It was a strange goose.
It laid one golden egg every day. The farmer sold the eggs and became rich.
Thus, the greedy farmer lost both the goose and the golden eggs.
Finally, because of his greed, he became poor again.
After some time, he became greedy for money.

He wanted all the golden eggs at the same time.
He wanted to sell all the golden eggs at once and become rich.
The teacher asked all the students to maintain

a diary to improve their writing. This is a page
taken from Venerable Nanda’s diary.

Read it and do the activities that follow.
Date
Monday Woke up early and memorized the scriptures.
Teacher started a new lesson on gerunds. Enjoyed
learning new words in English with Venerable
Sumangala.
Tuesday Couldn’t get up early. Had a cold. Drank coriander.
Teacher asked me not to be late to class again.
Wednesday Had fever. Could not attend the classes. Went to

the doctor with the Chief Monk. Doctor gave some
medicine.
Thursday Lasith and Namal visited me today. They brought
some mangoes. We talked for some time. They
said they would help with the work I missed at the
pirivena.
Friday Felt better but didn’t go to the pirivena as the
Chief Monk advised me to rest. Read a story from
Panchatantra. It was an interesting story about a
lion and two foxes.
Saturday Participated in an alms-giving in the village with
the other monks of the temple. Lasith and Namal
brought the notes. Copied some of them. Have to
return the books tomorrow at Dhamma School.
Sunday Administered Pansil at Dhamma school. Returned
the notes. Hoping to go to the pirivena tomorrow.
Give short answers for the following questions.
1. What did the teacher ask Venerable Nanda not to do?
2. When did he go to the doctor?
3. What was wrong with him?
4. Who visited him on Thursday?
5. What did he do on Saturday?

Activity 10 - Writing
Here are some of the things Venerable Nanda did last week according to
his diary. The underlined verbs speak about his actions. They are all in the
past tense.
 Woke up early.
 Memorized the scriptures.
 Drank coriander.
 Went to the doctor.
 Copied the notes.
 Returned the books.
Now, think of five things you did last week. Write five sentences describing
what you did.
Follow the given example.
e.g. : I swept the temple garden.
*Complete the diary page in Unit 1 Activity 5 of your workbook.

Pairwork
This is a language game called ‘What did you do?’
Think of five things you did yesterday. Write them on a piece of paper. Ask
your partner to guess what you did. An example is given below.
A - Did you sweep the alms hall yesterday?

B - Yes, I did / No, I didn’t.
Your partner will get 10 points each time he guesses correctly.
Now it is your turn to ask the questions.
Prepositions
Read the following sentences paying attention to the underlined
prepositions.
1. He was leaning against the wall.
2. Venerable Nanda went to Kandy for an alms-giving.
3. He received a basket of fruits.
4. Venerable Nanda participated in an alms-giving with the other
monks.
5. Venerable Nanda felt better than the day before.

Learning Point
Prepositions
A preposition is a word such as after, in, to, on, and with.
Prepositions are usually used in front of nouns or pronouns. They
show the relationship between the noun or pronoun and other words
in a sentence.
A preposition may describe,
• the position of something.

The pen was under the table.
• the time when something happens.
They arrived on Sunday.
• the way in which something is done.
We went by train.
• something in opposition to another thing.
They were against the idea of going on a trip.
• introducing the second element in a comparison.
This exercise is easier than the last one.

Write sentences with the help of words / phrases in the table.
Lasith is leaning Manuja.
The teacher praised the the members of the

student Dayaka Sabha.
for
Saman is taller against the wall.
The Chief Monk is having with

fast food.
a discussion
than
Homemade food is better getting good marks.
*Now complete Activity 6 in Unit 1 of your workbook.
Vocabulary
Let’s study meronyms.
A meronym is a term used to denote a thing that is a part of something
else.
‘Eyes’ is a meronym of the word ‘face’.

‘Wheels’ is a meronym of the word ‘car’.
Activity 13 - Vocabulary
Pinnacle or Spire / Basal rings / The dome / The ring of

deity images / The square chamber / Pinnacle rings
Let’s name the parts of the Cetiya.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Select from the list and write the meronyms of the following items.
saddle, eyes, monitor, cheeks, pedal, nose, mouth, tables, mouse, chain, fore-
head, wheel, keyboard, handlebars, CPU, tyre, UPS.
Face
Bicycle
Computer
*Now do the Activity 7 in Unit 1 of your workbook.

Punctuation
Let’s study the uses of the colon and the slash.
The colon(:)
The colon is used to introduce a list of items. Look at the following example.
e.g.: Buddhists worship the Triple Gem: Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha.
The slash (/)
1. We use the slash sometimes to indicate the word “or” between two
choices.
e.g. Each devotee carried his/her belongings in a small bundle.
2. We use the slash to indicate fractions

1/2 (one half)
2/3 (two thirds)
3. We use a slash to indicate “per” in measurements of speed, prices,

etc.
The speed limit is 100 km/h. (kilometres per hour)
4. We often use a slash in certain abbreviations:

This is my A/C number. (account)

Activity 15
Rewrite the following sentences with capitals and correct punctuation
where necessary.
1. yesterday when mother went to the store she bought the following
items milk sugar rice and dhal.
2. please write your ac number correctly.
3. he was driving the car at a speed of 40 kmph.
*Now do the Activities 8 & 9 in Unit 1 of your workbook.

Buddhist
Customs and 2
Traditions
Be mindful, Strive hard...!
Māra’s Appeal
Venerable Ananda was sitting at the Chāpāla Cetiya in Vesāli. Suddenly,
he heard the earth rumble. He asked the Buddha, “Why is the earth
rumbling?”
The Buddha said, “Ananda, it’s because, the Tatāgatha is going to attain
Prinibbhāna - His Passing Away.”
Venerable Ananda pleaded with the Compassionate One to live until the
end of this universe (a Kappa); for the good and happiness of the people.

The Buddha said, “Now it is not the time for such a request Ananda, for
the Tatāgatha has given His word for His Passing Away.”
Venerable Ananda pleaded many times.Then, the Buddha spoke very

calmly to Venerable Ananda, “Anyone who has fully developed his mind
can, if he wishes, live to the end of the world. The Tatāgatha has done so.
Therefore, if the Fully Enlightened One wishes, he could remain until the
end of it. However, now is not the time for it.”
Venerable Ananda understood his mistake. He did not invite the Fully
Enlightened One to live until the end of the world, when the Buddha
spoke about it. This is because Māra - the Evil One prevented Venerable
Ananda’s thought of inviting the Buddha to remain in this world.
The Buddha said, “Ananda, when Māra asked the Tatāgatha of his Passing
Away for the third time at Chāpāla Cetiya today, the Tatāgatha replied,
“Māra, do not trouble yourself. Three months from today, the Tatāgatha
will pass away.’ So, Ananda, do not worry, be mindful, strive hard and
continue to believe in me. Your Nirvāna is in your own hands.”
Activity 1 -Reading
1. What did Venerable Ananda suddenly hear one day?

2. Who asked the Buddha about it?
3. Where did the Buddha give up continuing to live in the world?
4. What are the other names used to refer to the Buddha?
5. How many times did the Māra (the Evil One) ask the Buddha to
pass away?
6. Why should Venerable Ananda not worry about the Buddha’s

Passing Away?

Read the following passage and write the dialogue that would have
happened between Venerable Ananda and Subhadda and present it to the
class.
The last disciple, Subhadda, requested several times to speak with the
Buddha. But, Venerable Ananda, did not want to disturb the Buddha in
His last hours and denied the request.
Refer to the Mahā Parinibbhāna Sutta and prepare an article for the wall
newspaper under the topic “Last Days of the Buddha”. Use the following
mind map to prepare your article.
Last meal
Last place Distribution

of rest of sacred
relics
Last days of Last disciple

Māra’s
appeal
the Buddha
Last
Decision admonition
to leave and the
this world Venerable Passing
Ananda’s Away
appeal

Imperatives
The imperative is the base form of the verb used to give an order or make
a request.
e.g. : “Strive hard!”
“Please wait your turn.”
“Do not worry / Don’t worry.”
Match the situations with the commands / requests in the given box. Write
the correct letter against each situation. The first one is done for you.
1. People should remove shoes before entering the temple.

C
2. People who visit the temple should not pick flowers
from the temple garden.
3. People should use this water only for drinking.
4. Students should keep the class tidy and clean.
5. People should maintain silence in the library.
6. Readers should return their books within two weeks.
7. People should not take photos inside the shrine room.
8. People should wear appropriate white clothes to the

temple.
a) Please be silent.
b) Please be dressed in appropriate white clothes.
c) Remove your shoes before entering.
d) Don’t take photos inside the shrine room.
e) Please don’t pick flowers from the temple garden.
f) Use for drinking only.
g) Please keep the class tidy and clean.
h) Return the borrowed books within two weeks.
*Now do Activity 1 in Unit 2 of your work book.

Activity 5 - Speaking /Vocabulary
Game -Simon says
The teacher will give you a pack of number cards. Each of the students
takes a number from the pack. The teacher asks the number and reads out
the command in it louder. Now you act it out.
1. Clap your hands 12 Touch your head
Change your place with some

2 Stamp your feet 13
one
3 Snap your fingers 14 Cross your legs
4 Shrug your shoulders 15 Fold your arms
Jump up and down for 10

5 Nod your head 16
seconds
6 Shake your head 17 Sneeze
7 Count from ten to one 18 Cough
8 Say ABC from F to A 19 Look at the ceiling
9 Walk around the table 20 Wave
10 Yawn 21 Blow your nose
11 Smile 22 Whisper your name

Activity 6 -Vocabulary
Name the items in an Ata Pirikara (Set of eight requisites). Select the
words from the box.
bowl, double lined robe, single lined robe,

razor, under robe, belt, strainer, needle and
thread
King Kosol once asked the Buddha whether they could do anything with
the worn out robes. The Buddha replied saying that they should not be
thrown away and they should be used to make a number of different items.

Match the numbers of the pictures and the different uses of worn out
robes in the following table.
Number Use
1 door carpets
2 bed sheets , mattress covers
3 clay wall plastering
4 dusting cloth
5 pillow cases

Write a short speech on “How old robes were reused in olden days.” You
can start like this…
“Good morning all of you! I would like to speak about the re-use
of old robes” The Buddha has advised his disciples how to re-use even
worn out robes to produce different items useful for temples. “In the old-
en days, the worn out robes were used for many purposes.....”
Adverb Phrases
Adverb phrases modify verbs in a sentence. The most important word in
a phrase is its head word. The head word in an adverb phrase is an adverb.
e.g.: “Then, the Buddha spoke very calmly to Venerable Ananda.”
• What is the verb in the sentence? spoke

• What is the adverb phrase in the sentence? very calmly
• What is the head word (adverb) in the adverb phrase? calmly
Words added to the front of the head word in a phrase are called
premodifiers while words added to the end of it are called post modifiers.
e.g. Then the Buddha spoke very calmly.

(very – pre - modifier for calmly)
He could not make the speech loud enough.

(enough – post modifier for loud)

Activity 9.1 - Grammar
Form the adverb phrases by combining words given in columns “A” and
“B”.

A B
really fluently
right often
too fast
very here
quite well
Activity 9.2
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the adverb phrases
formed from the table above.
1. He did his examination……………………………………….

2. I saw your purse lying ………………………………………...
3. The thief ran …………………... for the policeman to catch him.
4. She speaks English …………………………
5. My uncle visits our house. …………………

Activity 9.3
Match the adverbs in A with post modifiers in B correctly and fill in the
blanks with correct adverb phrases.
A B
cheaper in the morning
harder in my life
comfortably on stage
beautifully to take some rest
never than we expected
early than we bought
Activity 9.4
Fill in the blanks with correct adverb phrases formed from the table
above.
1. He had bought the same pen …...…………………………...……….

2. Students worked ……………………………………………….……...
3. The cat laid on the sofa ………………………………………………...
4. She sang her song ……………………………………………………...
5. I have……………………... seen him ……………………………...
6. He will meet me …………………………………… tomorrow.
*Now do Activity 2 in Unit 2 of your work book

Punctuation - Dash
 Dash is mainly used to show a break in a sentence.

1. In the place of a semi colon to break closely related clauses
e.g. My friend would like tea - I would prefer coffee.
2. To bring more attention to a piece of certain information in a
sentence
e.g. Srimal—even without a glance at his home—walked along
the path.
3. To give additional information or names in a sentence
e.g. Sandalima—the girl wearing the blue frock and brimmed

hat—is my sister.
e.g. Four of us—Venerable Tissa , Asitha, Kamal, Srimal and
I—went to the seminar last week.
4. Sudden turn in thought/break in dialogue
“Mary, How could—Why would you do such a thing?”
“Can I finish my—,” the child pleaded.
5. To bring focus to list
e.g. Dishes, laundry, dusting—they’re all done now, and I need
a rest.

Match the clauses in “A” with “B” to make meaningful utterances.
A B
1. There are two choices at this —that’s all you want.

time
2. Would you please -call Venerable Athula- and

he’ll help you.
3. He wanted to see three cities -Rome, Florence and Venice

in Italy
4. “If you need something, call —oh, never mind!

my friend.”
5. Don’t forget to take a pencil, -run away or fight.

an eraser, two pens and the ID
to the exam hall
*Now do the Activity 3 in Unit 2 of your work book.

Dalada Maligawa
Then Now
Dalada Maligawa-the Temple of the Tooth Relic is in Kandy. It is one of

the ancient temples in Sri Lanka. About hundred years ago, it had several
buildings but, now it has many. Although, there was no statues in the
Maha Maluwa (main compound), today it contains a statue of Madduma
Bandara. The Relic Chamber has a golden coloured roof now even though
it was red tiled then. However, the sacred Tooth Relic has always been laid
in a golden casket. There were no street lamps along the road then, but
now there are many electric lamp posts. There was no iron fence around
the temple in the past but now there is one around it.
A symbol of the Temple – ‘the cloud wall’ has always been a key feature
which is white washed regularly. In addition, there has always been an
ancient tiled roof pavilion – the Pattirippuwa, at the entrance to the
temple. It has not changed over time. It still stands as before. However,
Buddhists as well as non- Buddhists from Sri Lanka and all over the world
visit the Temple of the Tooth Relic now as they did before.

Read the text and answer the questions.
1. Where is the Dalada Maligawa?

2. In what has the sacred Tooth Relic been laid?
3. What is the wall around the Temple of the Tooth Relic called?
4. How is the Relic Chamber different from other buildings?
Copy the following grid into your writing book. Read the paragraph on
“the Dalada Maligawa”. Fill the gird with the correct information.
Item Then Now
Buildings Several Many
Statues
Roof of the Relic Chamber
Street lamps
Fence
Entrance
Items not changed

Listen to the text about “Our School” and underline the correct answer.
i. Ten years ago our school had only ……………………

a) a one storeyed building b) two buildings c) a two storeyed
building
ii. Now it has ……………………

a) a building complex b) three halls c) a two storeyed
building
iii. Ten years ago there was no …………………… in our school.

a) play ground b) science laboratory c) library
iv. Ten years ago our school had classes from grade one to grade
……………………
a) three b) thirteen c) five
v. Now we have classes from grade one to grade ……………………

a) thirteen b) eight c) five
vi. Ten years ago our school had …………………… students.

a) two hundred b) five hundred c) one thousand
vii. Now there are …………………… students in our school.

a) close to one thousand b) five hundred c) one thousand

Pairwork
Read the following tongue twisters aloud with your partner correctly.
1. She sells sea shells on the sea shore she sells sea shells no more.
2. Squaw squeezed the pig to squeal.
3. I slit a sheet, a sheet I slit. And on a siltted sheet I sit. I slit a sheet, a
sheet I slit. The sheet I slit, that sheet was it.
4. Splenetic boy split the splint in pain.
5. These thousand tricky tongue twisters trip thrillingly off the tongue.
6. Which watch did which witch wear and which witch wore which
watch?
7. Charlie chose to chat with Chancy in the church.”
8. Physique of Phoenix was hidden in a phial at the
phony war.
9. Straggle to stride on strange strait line straight.
10. Send the squad get the squatters in Squash Square.
Read the example and fill in the table from the sentences given above.
ch sh th wh spl str squ
e.g. :-
church
Copy this table into your writing book. Listen to the teacher and write
the correct initial consonant blends in given word.
i. __ __ art ii. __ __ ape
iii. __ __ ick iv. __ __ ite

v. __ __ __ een vi. __ __ __ike
vii. __ __ __ash viii. __ __ arm
ix. __ __ ame x. __ __ ink

xi. __ __ y xii. __ __ __int
xiii. __ __ __ ash xiv. __ __ __ide

Kind Deeds 3
Your good deeds might seem invisible, but they leave a trail that
is imprinted on the hearts of others.
Act Out
One day an old man, after walking all day, looked for a house to spend the
night. He saw a house by the road. He walked in and knocked on the door.
The man : Hello, how can I help you?
The old man : I’m looking for a house to spend the night, could
I stay here ?
The man : I’m sorry, we don’t have a spare room to give you.
(The old man walked away. Next he came to an old house.)
The woman : How can I help you?
The old man : I’m on my way to my daughter’s house. It is getting
dark now. I am too tired. I wonder if you could let
me stay here tonight!
( The woman was silent for a few seconds and replied.)
The woman : I’m sorry, I don’t have an extra room, would you
mind sleeping outside on the porch?
The old man : Not at all! How kind you are!
The woman : You look so tired. Why don’t you have a wash
while I prepare the dinner? I am cooking some
brown rice for dinner.
(The old man had some brown rice and went to sleep. Next morning, the
old man thanked the woman and went away.)
A few days later, the poor family received a message from the palace to visit
the king.
The woman : Your Majesty, I have come because you ordered

me to be here.
The King : Yes, I

have.
Do you
remember
me?
The woman : I’m sorry, I
don’t, Your
Majesty.
The King : I am the
poor man
who visited your home last week. I was very happy
about the way you treated me. Your kind words brought
great relief to my weary mind. I will order my soldiers
to build a new house for you. Please take this gift as a
sign of my gratitude for your kind deed.
The woman : Thank you very much, your Majesty. It’s very kind of
you. May you live long..!
1. Who visited the house?
2. What did he ask the woman?
3. How did the woman help him?
4. In whose house did the king stay?
5. Why did the king call the old woman to the palace?
Pronounce the given words in the table.
aw - |aʊ| ew –|əʊ| oow-|uː|
|naʊ| - now | rəʊl| - role | fuːl| - fool
|braʊn| - brown | kləʊv| - clove | puːl| - pool
|daʊn | - down | kəʊl| - coal | kuːl| - cool
foul, town,
clown, frown, pole,
bowl, whole, stove,
rule, tool, noon, tooth
Activity 3 -Pronunciation
Match the words in circle with correct sound and fill in the table below.
aw - | aʊ | ew –| əʊ| oow -| uː|

Read the given utterances and responses below.
1
Dimuth : My sympathies, Suresh.
Suresh : Thanks Dimuth.
Dimuth : I was down with fever last week. That’s how I missed
the funeral.
Suresh : It’s alright Dimuth. I understand.
Dimuth : How old was your grandfather?
Suresh : He was 83.
Ruwan : Many happy returns of the day, Malith!

Malith : Thank you. I didn’t think you’ll remember!
Ruwan : Don’t be silly, how can I forget it?
Daughter: You seem to be so tired. Would you like to have a cup of

tea?
Aunt : I’d really love to have one. How kind you are!

4
Suresh : Hello, happy new year! Priyan.

Priyan : Same to you, Suresh. May all your dreams come true
this year!
5
Sahan : Congratulations! Prabath.
Prabath : Thanks. How did you get to know?
Sahan : Gayan told me. So when is the party?
Prabath : Next week.
Sahan : That’s wonderful!
Father : This is for your birthday.

Son : Wow! I can’t believe my eyes. Thank you very much father.

Now put the utterances given above in the correct column of the follow-
ing grid. Use the numbers given for each utterance to fill in the grid.
Expressing Wishing or blessing Offering and Expressing

surprise accepting condolence
Learning Point
Prefixes
A prefix is a group of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to
modify its meaning.
e.g. : dis + like = dislike

un + kind = unkind
re + arrange = rearrange
anti + virus = antivirus
Read the given word list and select the correct prefixes given to make a
new word. Copy the grid in your writing book and complete it.
climax, nuclear, venom, start, comfort, transitive, ability,
play, connect, direct, visible, correct, fresh, appear, agree,
believe, build, accurate, attentive

Re Dis In Anti
Read the poem and answer the questions.

Kindness
Be kind to others
Take a good look around
Although we are different,
Similarities abound.
Try not to judge,
Pick on, or tease
Treat each other fairly,
With kindness and ease.

Wait until you know
What’s deep down inside,
You might find a friend
Standing right by your side.

Patricia Gatto

1. What is the poem about?
2. How many stanzas are there in the poem?
3. Write down two pieces of advice given by the poet.
4. According to the poem, how should we treat each other?
5. Briefly describe the following lines.
“Wait until you know
What’s deep down inside.”
Making Public Speeches
Read the speech that Venerable Vineetha made in the morning assembly
on “Gal Viharaya”.
Most Venerable Sumangla and dear teachers and friends,
I am going to speak a few words on “Gal Viharaya in Polonnaruwa”.

The Gal Vihara was originally known as Uttararama. It is a rock
temple. It is in North Central Province in Sri Lanka. It was
built in the 12th century by King Parakramabahu I. There are
three statues: one is a large seated statue, another is a smaller
seated statue carved inside a standing statue and the last one
is a reclining statue. These are considered to be some of the
best examples of ancient Sinhalese sculpting and carving arts.
This has made the Gal Vihara the most visited monument in
Polonnaruwa. So, as Buddhists we should visit it and protect it.
Now I am going to wind up my speech. Thanks for your attentive
listening.

Now prepare your own speech. Use the examples given to begin and end
your speech.
Introduction
1. Good morning Venerable Sir, teachers and my dear friends, today

my speech is on ………
2. It gives me a great pleasure, as the president of the English Club, to
speak a few words on ………
3. I am really honoured to be invited to make a speech on ………
4. I am very happy to be here to speak on ………
5. Thank you for giving me this opportunity to talk a few words on
………
Conclusion
1. Thank you very much for your attentive listening.

2. Time is ticking; I feel it is high time to wind up my speech.

Thank you.
3. Thank you once again, may the Triple Gem bless you!
4. Thank you for listening to my speech.

Venerable Vineetha prepared his speech
using a brochure that was given to him
when he went on an educational trip.
Find below simillar brochures on im-
portant places in Sri Lanka. Read them.
Kandy Anuradhapura
The Sri Dalada Anuradhapura is the Sigiriya
Maligawa or The first ancient capital This is known as the
Temple of the Sacred of Sri Lanka. The city eighth wonder of the
Tooth Relic is a temple is situated 205 km world. It is an ancient
in the city of Kandy (127 miles) north of castle built by King
in Sri Lanka. Kandy the current capital Kashyapa. It is famous
was the capital of the Colombo in the North for its Lion Gate, Mirror
Sinhalese kings from Central Province of Wall and the Sigiriya
1592 to 1815. The city Sri Lanka. Today this Frescoes. The site is both
is a world heritage site sacred ancient city a palace and a fortress.
declared by UNESCO, of Sri Lanka consists
in part due to the of monasteries
temple. covering an area of
over 40 km² and is
one of the world’s
major UNESCO
archaeological sites.

Now, you design a brochure that can be distributed among tourists who
come to your temple.
You can include the following information in your brochure.
• Introduction to the place. (who built it, where it is, how to get to
the place and the nearest town)
• Special structures and importance of the place as a religious and
historical site. (what is the shape of the Stupa, how old the temple
is, etc.)
• Draw or paste some pictures of the temple to make it attractive.
Listen to the texts read by the teacher and match the causes correctly with
the effects by putting the correct number in the brackets.
1. Misusing the mobile phone can create many problems. ( )

2. Such places may become mosquitoes breading ( )
grounds, spreading dangerous diseases and making the
soil infertile. This may cause landsliding too.
3. Leads to various diseases and behavioural problems in childern. ( )
4. School children get the opportunity to use their
free time usefully and broaden their general knowledge. ( )
5. It always adds some new experience to life and enables to ( )
get away from one’s busy routine for a while.

... Learning Point
Whom / Whose (Interrogative Pronouns)
“Whom” is an object pronoun. We use “whom” to ask which person

receives an action.
e.g. : Whom are you going to invite?
e.g. : Whom did you inform about the accident?
“Whose” is a possessive pronoun. We use ‘whose’ to find out which

person something belongs to.
e.g. : Whose bag is this?
e.g. : Whose dog is running towards the school ?
Underline the correct interrogative pronoun given within brackets.
1. ( Whose/Whom) are you going to select for this job ?
2. (Whose / Whom) dictionary is on the table ?
3. (Whom, Whose) do you want to invite as the Chief Guest?
4. (Whose/Whom) bicycle is parked against the shrine room ?
5. (Whose / Whom) article is the best ? Nimal’s or Kamal’s?
6. (Whose / Whom) do you want to meet in the temple ?

Write the questions for the following answers.
1. Whose _______________________________________?
This book is mine.
2. Whom ________________________________________?
I want to meet Venerable Nanda.
3. Whom ________________________________________?
He informed it to the principal.
4. Whose________________________________________?
This bag is Ruwan’s.
5. Whom_________________________________________?
They selected grade three students for the contest.

Sil Programme 4
Those who subdude their mind are free from the bond of Māra
- Citta Vaggga

Act Out
Let’s meditate
(It is a Poya day, Pavara and all his friends have observed Sil. Now they
are listening to a sermon at the preaching hall.)
Venerable Mangala : Today, I’ll speak about meditation. First, tell me, do
you know what meditation is?
Pavara : I think it’s about breathing.
Venerable Mangala : Well! Do you have any other ideas?
Isuru : Venerable Sir, it’s a skill gained through practice.

Venerable Mangala : A good attempt. In brief, it’s the process of developing
the mind.
Daham : Venerable Sir, how should we start meditation?
Venerable Mangala : First, focus your mind on what you do in your daily
life. For example, when you walk, you can count your
steps. After some time, you can fully concentrate your
mind.
Pavara : Venerable Sir, I think, meditation helps us to pacify
our minds.
Venerable Mangala : Yes of course, shall we meditate for a while and see
how it works?
Pavara : Really, it would be much wonderful.
Activity 1 -Reading
1. Where are Pavara and his friends?
2. What are they doing?
3. What is the topic of their discussion?
4. What is meditation?
5. How can you start meditating?
Activity 2 -Pair work

Pronounce these words, which are underlined in the dialogue. Pay attention
to the initial two letters of each word.
start, skill, speak
Copy this table into your writing book. Together with your partner write
down words that are pronounced in the same way in each column.
Pronounce the words
Speak Start Sweep Snack
sparrow, swiftly, stars, straw, snow, sport, swallow,

swim, stream, spout, steady, snake, stir, sweet, stand,
snag
( Now complete Activity 1 in workbook Unit 4 )
Activity 3 -Reading
The alms–giving stalls (Dansala)
is a famous practice of Buddhists
in Vesak, Poson, and Esala seasons.
An alms-giving stall provides a
massive social service during
these seasons. The history of a
typical alms–giving stall dates
back to the era of the Buddha. The
king and other upper class leaders
offered alms for the poor people
during those times. Today the situation regarding alms-giving stalls has
been changed. They are open to every person in society. Today we see
many young people participate in organizing alms –giving stalls. Different
food items are served to people in alms –giving stalls, such as rice, noodles,
biscuits, ice-coffee, cool drinks, etc. Alms –giving stall is an ideal place to
promote harmony and equality among people of different walks in society.
Fill the grid with the information given in the above paragraph.
Seasons for organizing alms –giving

stalls
The history of alms –giving stalls
Present situation
Food items served at alms-giving stalls
In the past, alms-giving stalls were or-

ganized for
Activity 4
Mark true (T) or false (F).
1. You can buy what you want in alms –giving stalls. ( )

2. It provides a social service during religious festive seasons.
( )
3. During the time of kings, there were alms –giving stalls. ( )
4. Alms –giving stalls are only for poor people even at present. ( )
5. Different kinds of meals are served in alms –giving stalls. ( )
Activity 5
Read the text again and write three changes in practices found in
modern alms-giving stalls.
1. ..................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
3. ..................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................

Activity 6 -Writing
The Chief Incumbent told Mr. Saman (chief–devotee) to draft the Poya day
Programme. Now he is discussing it with the Chief Incumbent .
Saman : Venerable Sir, good evening! Here is our Sil

programme for tomorrow.
Venerable Mahinda : Good evening! Let’s see. Mmm…. Shall we have the
meditation programme before lunch?
Saman : That’s good Venerable Sir. Any other changes?
Venerable Mahinda : (continues reading) 8.30 am. –Dhamma Discussion,
9.30 am - Reading Jathaka Story. What about a
sermon?
Saman : Oh! I forgot it. Shall we have it before tea?
Venerable Mahinda : Sure! but, the Buddha Pooja and other Buddhist
rituals should be there as usual. Now, it’s fine, isn’t it?
Read the dialogue carefully and fill in the grid with the information given
in it and add the events related to a typical Poya day programme. The first
one is done for you.
Time Programme
6.30 a.m. Beginning of the Sil programme

Learnig Point
Reflexive Pronouns

We use a reflexive pronoun:
 as an object when the object is the same as the subject of the verb:
e.g. I (subject) am teaching myself (object) to chant Pirith.

 at the end of the clause when we are using it for emphasis:
e.g. We whitewashed the classroom ourselves.
 We often use “by + reflexive pronoun” When we want to say that

someone does something alone or without any help from others.
e.g. I sweep the temple premises by myself.
Select the words given in the grid and write them in the relevant box.
itself I it she he themselves ourselves
yourself myself You ourselves we they herself
Reflexive Pronouns Personal Pronouns

Activity 8
Select the sentences with reflexive pronouns and copy them into your
exercise book and underline the reflexive pronouns in each sentence.
1. Mother prepared the alms for twelve monks by herself.

2. Sirimal went to the temple to invite the monks.
3. We cleaned the house by ourselves.
4. Our neighbours helped to arrange the house.
5. Mother offered food and flowers to the Buddha.
6. Sirimal arranged himself the Poya day plan.
7. The Chief Incumbent conducted the Sil programme.
8. He cut himself while shaving his head.
(Now complete Activity 3 in Unit 4 of your workbook )
Activity 9
Fill in the blanks with the correct reflexive pronouns.
1. Venerable Sir, you’ll have to do your homework by_____________.

2. I introduced ___________ to my new friend.
3. Students, can you arrange the class____________?
4. The Chief Incumbent decided to repair the temple ___________.
5. We can move the pulpit by_____________.
6. You don’t need to help them. They can do it by_____________.
7. I saw __________ in the mirror.
8. You publish the notice of the Sil programme today __________.
itself / himself / ourselves / myself / themselves

/yourselves/yourself

Activity 10 - Pairwork
Tell your class about a personal experience that may be funny or generate
curiosity. Use as many reflexive pronouns as possible in your story. You
can start like this.
One day, I was walking by myself on the road and no one was around.
Suddenly , I heard a scream from a nearby wood....
Activity 11 - Pairwork
Given below is the story of the quail. But, the sentences are jumbled.
Rearrange and write the story in your writing book.
The fire spread further and further. It came closer to the quail’s nest. The
heat was spreading and the smoke seemed to suffocate the birds.
One day they heard a great noise. They saw a cloud of smoke. There was a
forest fire breaking out. The animals and birds of the forest were helpless
and frightened .
Once the Bodhisattva was born as a quail in a bird’s nest. He was the
youngest in his family. His feathers had not grown. He could hardly use
his wings to fly.
Finally Bodhisattva with a deep sigh thought as follows, “I have never

done the slightest harm to anyone. By the power of this truth, may I be
saved along with the others!” Suddenly, the fire stopped spreading and
saved the lives of all.
Before the Sil observation of Samadhi Pirivena, a list of instructions was
sent to the students. While you listen to the instructions you will hear a
stressed word in each sentence. List out the stressed word you hear in each
sentence.

stressed word
1
10
Activity 13
Your teacher will read five pairs of sentences. Listen to the sentences carefully
and underline the stressed word in each of them correctly.
1. I came yesterday evening.

I came yesterday evening.
2. She saw him going home.

She saw him going home.
3. They didn’t tell any lie.

They didn’t tell any lie.
4. My father bought a car at the auction.
My father bought a car at the auction.
5. Do you have any other idea?

Do you have any other idea?
Activity 14
The newly built shrine room was declared open by the Chief Prelate. The
pictures of the Jataka stories were painted by a well- known artist. The
marbled meditating statue of the Buddha was placed inside it. Our Chief
Monk delivered a sermon in the newly built shrine room. The devotees
listened to the sermon attentively.
Write the questions for which the following will be the answers.
1. Who ……………………………………………………………………
By the Chief Prelate.
2. How ……………………………………………………………………
Devotees listened to the sermon attentively.
3. Who ……………………………………………………………………
Our Chief Prelate delivered the sermon.
4. Where ……………………………………………………………………
In the newly built shrine room.
5. What ……………………………………………………………………
The marbled meditating statue of the Buddha .

Learning Point
Active and Passive Voice (Simple Past)
• Each sentence begins with a subject.
e.g. Our Chief Incumbent delivered a sermon in the newly built

shrine room hall.
• When the subject is a person or a thing doing the action, then we use
an active verb.
e.g. The devotees listened to the sermon attentively.
• When the subject is not the agent (is not doing the action), then we
use a passive verb.
e.g. The newly built shrine room was declared open by the Chief
Prelate.
The beginning of the sentence is “The newly built shrine room”. But it is
not the doer of the action. (doer- the Chief Prelate.)
Activity 15
Copy out the following sentences in the correct column of the given
table.
1. A planned programme was carried out by village temple for the Poya
day.
2. Most of them stayed in the temple until morning.

3. Sil was renewed by the devotees in the evening by observing the eight
precepts once again.
4. They continued Sil until next morning.
5. New robes were distributed to monks on the Poya day.
Active Voice Passive Voice
Complete the Activities 4 & 5 in Unit 4 of your workbook.

Activity 16
Following texts are the different ideas of people about Poya day and its
rituals.
Read them carefully.
1. 2.
Last Poya day I walked to the Poya day is the most
temple clad in white early in auspicious day for
the morning to observe Sil. Buddhists. Because it
I offered a basketful of white has a great religious
flowers to the Stupa, at the importance. People mainly
Bo-tree and to the Buddha in practise charity(Dhana),
the shrine room. I listened to good conduct (Seela) and
a valuable Dhamma sermon meditation (Bhawana) on
for an hour. I think, every a Poya day. Many listen
Buddhist must have the to Dhamma sermons and
experience of observing Sil to discussions at home and
get away from this restless life at the temple. All these
activities help to develop
at least for a few hours.
our mind.
3. 4.
If you visit any temple in The word Sil is a Sinhala
Sri Lanka on a Poya day word. It is believed to have
you can see many things. originated from Pali. The
People sitting on the ground word Seela means good
and listening to Dhamma conduct. Any follower
sermons. Some will be of the Buddha must first
lighting lamps and incense observe Seela.
sticks. Others might be
meditating in different places
in the temple premises.

Write the correct number against each topic.
Topic Text Number

(a)An introduction to Sil
(b)How I see a temple on Poya

day
(c) My experience of observing Sil
(d) Many religious activities on Poya

day

We Are 5
Friends
True friendship can offer true knowledge
Act Out
Life is better with friends!

Lasith, Namal and Sumudu are at the temple. They are talking with
Venerable Nanda.

Venerable Nanda: Hello Sumudu. I don’t see you very often now. Why do
you look so sad?
Sumudu : Oh it’s nothing.
Lasith : Then come, let’s play a game.
Sumudu : A game? You know I can’t play.
Venerable Nanda : Why not Sumudu? Let’s sit and play a game.
Namal : Yes. Let’s all sit down. Here, let me help you.
Sumudu : Thank you Namal. Sometimes I feel so sad. I can’t do many
things that you can do. I’m a person with a disability.
Venerable Nanda : You should never think like that Sumudu. Though you
are a person with a disability there are things that you can
do. We are good at different things.
Lasith : That’s true. Even Venerable Nanda can’t do many things
that we do though he is not a person with a disability.
Venerable Nanda : Yes, Sumudu but I’m happy with the things I can do.
Namal : Ok. That’s a fine game. Let’s see what we are clever at.
Lasith : Oh no! I can’t think of anything I’m good at.
Venerable Nanda : Why Lasith, aren’t you good at miming?
Sumudu : That’s true, Venerable Sir. Once he mimed flying a kite.
That was great!
Namal : Of course. And you Sumudu… you recite verses so
beautifully.
Lasith : Hmm… I always admire your voice.
Venerable Nanda : Do you know what I’m good at? Make a guess.
Lasith : You’re very good at many things, Venerable Sir. Chanting
pirith and preaching Bana to all of us.
Namal : Hey, that leaves me behind.
Venerable Nanda : You can draw well, can’t you?
Namal : Oh yes, I have won many prizes for drawing.
Sumudu : That really shows how we are differently abled. Thank you
friends. You made me feel better.
Activity 1 -Reading
Read the conversation and fill in the information about the four friends.
Name Good at
*Now, complete Activity I in Unit 5 of your workbook.
Activity 2
1. Who looks sad?
2. What is the reason for it?
3. Who says he is happy with the things he can do?
4. What did Lasith once mime?
5. Who admires Sumudu’s voice?
Frequency Adverbs
Pay attention to the following sentences taken from the conversation.
I don’t see you very often now.

Sometimes, I feel so sad.
You should never think like that Sumudu.
Once he mimed flying a kite.
I always admire your voice.

Learning Point
Frequency Adverbs
In the above sentences the highlighted words are frequency adverbs.

They tell us how often something happens. Frequency adverbs are usually
placed before the verb.
Here are some examples of frequency adverbs.
Adverbs of duration tell us how long something happened.

They include; briefly, forever, long, shortly, permanently,
temporarily, etc.
Adverbs of reason tell us why something happens. They
include; therefore, consequently, thus, hence, etc.

Put the adverbs of frequency in the correct place and rewrite the sentences.
1. Good children tell lies. (never)

2. I sweep the alms hall in the morning. (sometimes)
3. I worship the Buddha in the evening. (always)
4. My sister helps my mother in the kitchen. (usually)
5. We watch TV in the afternoon. (rarely)
*Now, complete Activity 2 in Unit 5 of your workbook.
Reading
Be thankful for what you have
A blind boy of about twelve years used to sit on the steps of a building
with a hat by his feet. He quietly held up a sign which said: “I am blind,
please help.” There were only a few coins in the hat as many people did
not notice him.
One day a man who was walking by
noticed him and dropped a few coins into
the hat. He then took the sign, turned it
around, and wrote something on it. He
put the sign back so that everyone who
walked by would see.
Soon the hat began to fill up with money. More and more people were
giving money to the blind boy. That afternoon the man who had changed
the sign came back to see the boy.


The boy recognized his footsteps and asked,
“Weren’t you the one who changed my sign
this morning? What did you write?”
The man said, “I only wrote the truth. I said

what you said but in a different way.” I wrote:
“Today is a beautiful day but I cannot see it.”
Both signs told people that the boy was blind. But the first sign simply
said the boy was blind. The second sign told the people what they could
see, but the boy could not.
Moral of the story: Be creative. Be innovative. Think differently and positively.

Adapted from: http://academictips.org/blogs/the-blind-boy/
Activity 4
Read the story about the blind boy and state whether the following
statements are TRUE or FALSE.
1. The boy held up a sign as he could not talk.
2. The man who changed the notice wanted to help the boy.
3. The new notice made people stop giving money to the boy.
4. The man who changed the notice wrote a lie on it.
5. The story makes people look at life in a positive way.
Pairwork
Now re-tell the story about the boy to your friend.

Pronounce these words that are underlined in the story. Pay attention to
the initial two letters of each word.
A blind boy of about twelve years used to sit on the steps of a building
with a hat by his feet. He quietly held up a sign which said: “I am blind,
please help.”
twelve quietly
Copy this table into your writing book and write the given words in the
correct column. With the help of a dictionary add some more words to
each column.
Now pronounce the words.
quick, quarter, twenty, twig, twins, quail, twist, twilight, quarrel, queen
twelve quietly
Vocabulary
Let’s study compound nouns.
A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. There
are three forms for compound nouns:
• open or spaced - space between words (tennis shoe)
• hyphenated - hyphen between words (father-in-law)
• closed or solid - no space or hyphen between words (sunshine)
noun + noun railway station
adjective + noun full moon

Here are some
verb + noun washing machine examples of
compound
verb + preposition check-out nouns:

Study the pictures and write the compound noun.
Word 1 Word 2 Compound noun

Activity 8
Read the list of words and join them from left to right to make compound
nouns.
rattle ball house boy

text snake post phones
foot work room wife
black book child man
home board head hood

Reading
This is an experience Navindu faced last Saturday.
Last week I was invited to join an alms giving to a home for the senior
citizens. It was organized by my friend Dulina’s family. I was asked to
come to the home around 10 am and I was looking forward to it.

On the particular day, just as I was about to leave
home, I saw a note on the table. It was written by my
father. My mother had fallen ill and he had taken
her to the hospital. I was worried as I didn’t know
how serious my mother’s illness was.
Anyway I had to wait at home until my parents returned from the hospital.
Fortunately, it was nothing serious and my mother was feeling better after
taking the medicine the doctor prescribed.
Finally, two hours later I went to the alms - giving.

They had offered the meal to the elders and they had
already eaten. However, I helped them with the
cleaning and entertaining them.
Activity 9
Read and answer the questions.
1. What is the event mentioned?
2. Who organized it?
3. What time was Navindu asked to be there?
4. What was on the table?
5. Why was Navindu worried?
6. How did Navindu help at the home for the senior citizens?

Think of a similar experience you had faced and fill in the mind map
given.
When did it
happen
An
What Who was
Unforgettable
happened with you
Experience
How you felt
Now write a paragraph describing your experience.

Activity 11
Write a note to one of your friends inviting him to come for the Kathina
Ceremony (the ceremony of offering robes at the end of rainy season) in
your village temple. Include all the necessary details.
Now pay attention to the highlighted verbs in the story about Navindu.
These verbs are in the participle form of the verb.
Present Past Past participle
invite invited invited
organize organized organized
ask asked asked
write wrote written
fall fell fallen
take took taken
offer offered offered
eat ate eaten

Learning Point
• Past participles have three uses in the English language.
1. Perfect Tenses
1. Present Perfect [has/have + past participle]
She has eaten her breakfast just now.
They have already posted the letters.
2. Past Perfect [had + past participle]
The teacher had collected the answer scripts.
3. Future Perfect [will have + past participle]
I will have finished reading this book by this time
tomorrow.
2. The Passive Voice
All the letters are signed by the principal.
3. As Adjectives
There is a broken chair in the classroom.
• For regular verbs, the past forms (both simple and perfect) are
simply the verb with ‘ed’ added to the end.
Present Verb Simple Past Past Participle
help helped (have) helped
• Irregular verbs do not follow a rule or pattern.
Present Verb Simple Past Past Participle
give gave (have) given
Fill in the blanks using the past participle form of the verbs.
1. The children have ____________ (eat) all the mangoes.

2. The teacher has ___________ (give) us lot of homework today.
3. This essay is badly ____________ (write). Why don’t you rewrite it?
4. They have ____________ (choose) to build their new home by the river.
5. The mildness of this soap is scientifically _____________ (prove).
*Now, complete activity 6 in unit 5 of your workbook.
Activity 13
Write sentences with the help of words/ phrases in the table.
The chief patron of gone on a pilgrimage

the temple yesterday.
Most of the children swept the compound before

worshipping the Buddha.
has
Nihindu have organized a Shramadana to
had clean the premises.
Venerable Nanda gathered here today to listen

to the sermon.
They fallen from his bicycle. We

must help him.
Activity 14- Listening

Copy the following sentences into your writing book.
Listen and underline the word that is stressed each time the sentences are
read. Then match the underlined sentences with their meanings.
Sentences
1. I think we must clean the house today.
Meanings
A. I think we must clean the house today itself, not wait till tomorrow.
B. It is my idea that we must clean the house today. I don’t know how
others think.
C. I think we must clean the house, not paint it.
D. I think it is us who should clean our house, not our neighbours.
E. I think we should clean the house, not the garden.
Punctuation
Let’s study the uses of the inverted comma.
The inverted comma

Inverted commas are punctuation marks that are used in writing to show
where a speech or a quotation begins and ends. They are usually written
or printed as single inverted commas ‘ ’ or double inverted commas “ ”.
Inverted commas are also sometimes used around the titles of books,
plays, or songs, or around a word or phrase that is being discussed.
In the following sentences put in quotation marks wherever they are
needed.
1. Venerable Nanda is not feeling well, the Chief Incumbent said.

2. Yes, Sumudu said, I can sing well.
3. Namal is working hard this term, said the teacher.
4. Yesterday, sister said, I need some pictures of animals.
5. She asked. Do you read the Sunday newspaper?

Good Conduct 6
“It is good to avoid committing such actions which would later lead to regret”
-(Dhammapadaya: Chapter 5-Fools, Verse 67)
I do not...!

Act Out
Amal (Commentator): Good morning everybody. Now you’re listen-

ing to Buddhist Thoughts on Bodu Handa FM.
Today’s topic is “Five Precepts”. We have invited
Venerable Mapalagama Chandima to speak on this
topic.
Venerable. Sir, what are the five precepts?
Venerable Chandima : Good Morning all of you. They are the
basic practices in Buddhism. As you know,
Buddhists follow them daily.
Amal : Venerable Sir, what are they?
Venerable Chandima : The five precepts are:
1. I do not take anybody’s life.

2. I do not take what belongs to others.
3. I do not commit sexual misconduct.
4. I do not tell any lies.
5. I do not use any intoxicants.
Amal : Venerable Sir, how will one break the first precept?
Venerable Chandima : This will happen if you kill somebody intentionally.
Amal : What about the second and third ones?
Venerable Chandima : In the second one, you should not take anything
that doesn’t belong to you. The third is about not
having any illicit relationships.
Amal : And the last two, Venerable Sir?
Venerable Chandima : In the fourth one, you should not tell lies or speak
any empty words.
Amal : That’s interesting. And the last one?

Venerable Chandima : The last one talks about not taking alcohol.
Amal : Thank you, Venerable Sir for a wonderful discussion

and hope to have you here again.
Venerable Chandima : Thank you. May the Triple Gem Bless you!
Activity 1 -Reading
1. What is the radio programme?
2. What is the topic of today’s discussion?
3. List out the five precepts.
4. Write how each of the five precepts is broken.
Activity 2 -Speaking
Match precept with the situation where it’s not broken.
Precept Situation
i. I do not take a. Suresh left his new sharpener in the
anybody’s life. class. I took it and I gave it him following
day.
ii. I do not take b. Shihan’s father used to drink alcohol
what belongs to every day, but now he does not drink any
others. alcohol.
iii. I do not c. A centipede was on the pavement.
commit sexual Father took it with a stick and threw it away.
misconduct.
iv. I do not tell any d. Nimal broke the window of the class. No
lies. one saw it. But, when the teacher asked the
class about it, he admitted his fault.

v. I do not to use any Kusuma has her faithful relationship with
intoxicants. her husband and lives according to Buddhist
teachings.
Activity 3 Speaking
Pairwork
Using following mind map to prepare a speech for the morning
assembly on “Five Precepts”.
Greeting- Good morning, Venerable Principal, Vice

Principal, Teachers and my dear friends! Today my topic is/ …I
would like to speak on…/ deliver a few words on “Five Precepts” …
Introduction -As we all know, five precepts are …. / what are
five precepts? What is your
Elaboration – Now let’s take the first precept…/ if we think about first
precept, it ….
Conclusion–As Buddhist, we ought to observe ……. / the
benefits of observing these precepts are... In brief, we can
understand that five precepts are…

Complete the table by using the Jataka stories that refer to the five
precepts.
Story Name Moral of the story Most referent Page No of
Index precept the book
1 Apannaka Without being Telling lies 2
deceived by lies,
we must work
diligently
13 Kandina The consequences Committing 32
Jatakaya of being subdued sexual
with lust and misconduct
passion
Learning Point
Present Perfect Tense
Angulimala:
"While walking, contemplative, you say, 'I have
stopped.'
But when I have stopped you say I haven’t. I
ask you the meaning of this: How have you
stopped? How haven't I?"
The Buddha:
"I have stopped, Angulimala, once and for all,
having cast off violence toward all living beings.
You, though, are unrestrained toward beings. That’s how I've stopped and
you haven't."Present perfect tense connects past action into present
result. We use present perfect tense when we talk about a finished action
and want to emphasize the result over the past action.
e.g “I have stopped.”
Interrogative/ Question form

e.g. “How have you stopped?”(Have /has + Subject+ past participle)
Negative form
e.g. “I haven’t(stopped) ” (Subject+ have /has + not +past participle)
Srimal and Venerable Tissa are decorating the Pirivena Hall for English
Day celebrations. Fill in the blanks in the given dialogue using words in
the brackets.
Srimal : How is the decorating going on? Have you finished

it? (You / finish)
Venerable Tissa : No, ………………. (not). Decorating the oil lamp
is really difficult, you know.
Srimal : Let me help you ……………….
(you/ finish) making the garland?
Venerable Tissa : I have almost finished the half of it. Ok, Let me do
it. What else?
Srimal :Venerable Tissa, ……………….
(you/ bring) a pair of scissors? I asked you to take a
one
Venerable Tissa : I’m sorry, I forgot it. I’ll send someone to bring it now. By
the way, did you drink some tea?
Srimal : Yes, ……………..(we/ have ) some tea just now.
Thank for your kindness!
* Now do the Activity 1 in unit 6 of your work book.

Srimal and his mother have come to the temple to confirm their almsgiving
for tomorrow. They are in front of the alms hall. Venerable Tissa is
rearranging some tables in the alms hall.
Venerable Tissa : Good evening! Why are you here today?

Mother : Good evening Venerable Sir! Our alms giving is
tomorrow. I came to speak to Venerable Amitha
about it.
Venerable Tissa : Oh, let me see what the temple programme is for to-
morrow. In case we have to attend another event, we
will make arrangements for your alms-giving.
Mother : Thank you, Venerable Sir. I have been giving this
alms-giving on this day for the past 10 years for my
mother’s birthday.
Venerable Tissa : Yes, I know, there are so many like you and that’s won-
derful.
Mother : Venerable Sir. This year's alms-giving is special to me.
Venerable Tissa : Why is that?
Mother : My mother will be eighty-nine years old tomorrow.
Venerable Tissa : Really? Then this will make her birthday more mean-
ingful, won’t it?
Mother : Both my mother-in-law, and father-in-law would like
to donate some books to the temple library?
Venerable Tissa : How nice! That would bring a lot of merit to all ofyou
because so many of our young monks can use these
books for their studies.
Mother : Could we come here with the alms around 11.00?
Venerable Tissa : No, it’s better if you are here between 11.15 and 11.30
(Srimal and his mother worship Venerable Tissa and leave the temple)
Srimal : Mother, shall we give chocolate ice-cream for
dessert?
Mother : Yes, and we should have fresh fruit too.

1. Who came to the temple?
2. Why couldn’t they meet Venerable Amith?
3. How long has Sirimal’s mother been giving the almsgiving?
4. Why is this almsgiving special?
5. How old will Srimal’s grandmother be next year?
6. What does Srimal want to have at the almsgiving for dessert?
Listen to the text read by the teacher carefully and underline the correct
answer.
1. Srimal has finished peeling …………………...

a. Onions
b. Onion and potatoes
c. almost both of them
2. Mother is …….……………... about Srimal's helpfulness in peeling

vegetables.
a. happy
b. surprises
c. surprised and happy
3. Srimal was …………………. to see what father had brought.

a. anxious
b. afraid
c. angry
4. Srimal was …………………. with the type of ice cream.
a. happy
b. disgusted
c. quite amazed
5. Mother was …………………. When he reminded her of the dessert.
a. afraid
b. worried
c. surprised
Punctuation: Hyphen

Monday - Friday
4 P.M - 6 P.M
March 1 - 30
1892 - 1945

Lerning Point
 The hyphen (‐) is a punctuation mark mainly used to join words

or parts of a word to bring out a new meaning.
Re-arranging, mother-in-law, eighty-nine are hyphenated words
e.g. ice - is water frozen into a solid state.

cream - fatty part of milk.
ice-cream - a sweetened frozen food
 Hyphens are used to link words and parts of words. They are used
in:
 in compound words
e.g. sugar-free, quick-thinking, good-looking, ice-skate
 to join prefixes to other words
e.g. re-elect, re-enter

Activity 8 - Grammar & Vocabulary
Fill in the table using the given hyphenated words in the correct column of
the table.
noun+ noun+ noun +past adjective + adjective prefix - preposition preposition

adjective (-ing) Participle ing form +past word in at
form participle middle end
sugar-free, ozone- friendly, case- sensitive, camera-ready, carbon-neutral,

skin-deep, sport-mad, free-thinking, peace-loving, all-knowing, window-
shopping, habit -forming, power-driven, computer-aided, user-enervated,
custom-built, good-looking, quick-thinking, dry-cleaning, well-known,
well-dressed, fair-haired ,muddle-headed, ready-mixed, bad-tempered,
old-fashioned, left-handed, ex-mayor, post-colonial, anti-nuclear,
non-smoker ,co-operate, re-echo, state-of-the-art, son-in-law, up-to-date,
ready-to-wear, free-for-all, check-in, run-down, lift-off, love-in, passer-by,
turn-up, turn-on
*Now do the Activity 2 in Unit 6 of your workbook.

Select the correctly pronunciation of the word. Stressed syllable is shown
in capital letters.
1. Modern refrigerators are ozone-friendly.

a. FriendLY
b. FRIENDly
2. Education is a habit-forming process.
a. HAbit
b. haBIT
3. Most probably quality of a good may poorer if it is custom built.
a. CUStom
b. cusTOM
4. Quick thinking to take right decision in driving save many lives.
a. thinkING
b. THINKing
Connectors
Now let us learn how to join sentences.
 The words, “then, therefore, after, before, so that, so, because,

then, while, as” are called connectors.
 They show some logical connections between utterances.
e.g.
 Then this will make her birthday more meaningful, won’t it?
(Sequence)
 In case we have to attend another event, we will make arrangements
...”(Cause and effect)

Summary
Connector How to connect example
because effect + because + cause I came late to school because I

couldn’t catch the bus.
therefore cause + therefore + effect I overslept therefore I couldn’t

do my homework.
After second action+ +after + We entered the shrine room

first action after we removed our shoes.
So that, so cause +so that + effect It is easy so that I did it at once.
While action +while + We heard a knock on the

continuous action door while I was doing my
homework.
When action +when+ non- We were studying when
continuous action the principal entered the
classroom.
As, since result + as +cause we didn’t sweep the garden as it
rained heavily.
Activity 10
Copy down the following sentences into your writing book and underline
the correct connector given within the brackets.
1. I was late (so, then, because) I couldn’t catch the school bus.

2. Venerable Suseema got up late (before, as, after) he had a Pirith
ceremony last night.
3. Every day we worship the Buddha (after, while, before) we go for
sleep.
4. Venerable Rahula went for an alms-giving (after, so, then) he missed
the first lesson.
5. Retreat season comes (after, before, while) Vesak Festival.
6. A few devotees were falling asleep (then, so, while) the sermon was
going on.
7. Queen Yashodara passed away (before, after, as) the Buddha did.
8. I prefer Pali to Sanskrit (then, so, since) I scored the highest marks
for it.
Given below is the story of Sattikumbha. But, the sentences are jumbled
order. Put the numbers in the given column correctly to make the story
meaningful. First one is done for you.
 Once there lived two parrots with their parent in a nest of a

large tree in the jungle.
 One day, their parents flew out in search of food for them.
 There came a storm. The two birds were afraid of falling off
their tree. Their wings were not strong enough for them to
fly out.
 Their tree too began to shake horribly because of the strong
wind.
 They were thrown out of the tree and fell into two different
places.

 One was blown away to a land where a gang of robbers lived.
The robbers caught the parrot and named it Sattikumbha.
He used to live with robbers and learnt to use harsh and
bad language that the robbers spoke.
 The other parrot was blown away to a land where there was
a cottage of a hermit. He fell on to an altar of flowers that
was outside the cottage and was named Pushpaka. He used
to live with a hermit who used kind words. Pushpaka learnt
to speak kind words.
 One day, the king of the county happened to pass the lodge
of the robbers and heard the harsh words of the parrot-
“catch him, tie up, kill him”. Thinking that there might be a
danger, the king went away quickly.
 Then he heard the kind words of the parrot who said,

“Please come, you can rest here”, from a cottage nearby.
Soon he came to know that a hermit was living there.
 The king asked the hermit, “I heard the words of two

different parrots; one spoke harsh words and the other
spoke kind words. Why is that?” the hermit replied one
parrot lived with thieves. So, he used the language that the
robbers spoke. The other one lived with me. So, he spoke
kind words.
Now use connectors make the story more meaningful and narrate it to the
class. You will start like this…
Today, I’m going to tell you Jathaka Story. It is the Sattikumbha Jataka
story. Once there lived two parrots with their parents in a nest in jungle…
Now do the Activity 3 in Unit 6 of your workbook.

Let’s have some tea
Venerable Nanda was doing his homework for some time. He wanted some
tea. He goes to Venerable Rahula’s room. He knocks on the door.
Venerable Rahula : Who’s there? Come in!

Venerable Nanda : What are you doing? Did you finish your maths
homework?
Venerable Rahula : Not yet, But I did most
of them. Few sums are
difficult but most of them
are easy. What about you?
Venerable Nanda : I only did a few. I have
many more to do.
Venerable Rahula : They aren’t that difficult, are they?
Venerable Nanda : No, but, some sums are a little difficult.
Venerable Rahula : You’ll have to hurry up, you don’t have much time
to finish them.
Venerable Nanda : By the way, let’s have some tea?
Venerable Rahula : Why not? Sure! Can you bring some water please?
Venerable Nanda : Ok. Give me the kettle.
Venerable Rahula : Here you are.
(Venerable Nanda plugs the kettle and switches it on)
Venerable Rahula : Have a biscuit! There is a piece of cake too.
Venerable Nanda : No, this is enough, thank you.
Venerable Rahula : How do you take your sugar?
Venerable Nanda : Like little deeds go a long way, a little sugar is
better!

1. Who are the two friends?
2. What was Venerable Nanda doing before he met Venerable Rahula?
3. Did Venerable Nanda take a piece of cake?
4. Who feels that mathematics is difficult?
5. How do you know the answer to the above question?
(Use the words from the text to answer question 05)
Quantifiers: Let us learn about

quantifiers.
Quantifiers are either determiners or
pronouns that express quantity.
Now read the quantifiers and their referents you found in the dialogue
“Let’s have some tea”.
Quantifier Referent
most sums
few sums
some sums, tea,
much time
little deeds
a little sugar

Tick (√) where the quantifier is applicable.
Quantifier Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
Some √ √
A few
Few
A little
Little
Many
much
Supipi has got Kusum has got Supipi has got Kusum has
a little flour. (very) little a few store got (very) few
She can make a flour. She can’t berries. She can store berries.
cake. make a cake make some jam She can’t make
any jam
Positive / Negative?
“A little” and “a few” have positive sense as Supipi has
enough flour and store berries to make cakes and jam

Copy the activity onto your writing book and underline the correct
quantifier given in brackets.
1. (Many, Few, Much) tourists visit our temple, because this is off
season.
2. Venerable Tissa has (little, much, a little) soap. It is not enough to
wash his robe.
3. There are (little, much, many) novice monks in our pirivena but,
there is only (few, a few, much) lay students.
4. Venerable Athula planted some flowers in the compound, only
(a few, few, many) of them are blooming now.
5. I was thirsty. (little, a little, much) water was sufficient to quench
my thirst.
*Now do the Activity 4 in unit six of your workbook.
Homonyms
Let us learn about homonyms. The words with different spellings and
similar sounds are called homonyms. In speech, we understand the
meaning of a homonyms at its used in sentences.
e.g. We used to write with pencils in grade one. (drawing letters
on papers)
I got eight rights for my homework activity. (corrects answers)
 Both words are pronounced as “/rait/”

/raɪt/
/aɪs/
Homonyms
Activity 17 - Vocabulary  Words with similar sounds
but different meanings
Label the pictures.
.......................... ..........................
.......................... ..........................
............................ ..........................
.......................... ..........................

Fill in the blanks with the suitable words.
1. ________ is used to make bread. (flower/flour)
2. I ________ with my ears. (hear/here)
3. Use the ________ to go up or down. (stairs/stares)
4. The ________ shone brightly. (son/sun)
5. The plant has ________. ( grown /groan)
6. ________ it is! (hear/here)
7. A rose is a beautiful ________. (flower/flour)
8. Father helps his ________ to read. (son/sun)
9. When I am sick, I ________. ( grown /groan)
10. Please brush my _________ of shoes too. (pair/pear)
Write the correct homophones.
Last (knight, night) when I looked up, the sky was very dark (blue, blew).
I (knew, new) I (wood, would) (sea, see) stars but (I, eye) was surprised
(buy, by) (there, their) brightness. Who had (made, maid) them so
beautiful? I was sure they had been (maid, made) millions of (years,
ears) ago. I wanted to (stair, stare) at them forever. What a beautiful
(sight, site)? The moon is peeping through the clouds.

Context Clues
When we read, we may come across unfamiliar words.

Contextual and visual clues help to define them. Some of
them are:
 Pictures
Look
 e.g. pictograms, signs, symbols…etc.
for...  Definitions
 e.g. “They are the basic practices in Buddhism.”
 Helping words
 e.g. Synonyms, antonyms, numbers, markers
(e.g. “Five .”)
 Affixes (un, im, less, ness, lly …)
 Intentionally (adverb)
 Punctuation (., -, “”, /, :, ;)
 “Five Precepts.”
 Collocational words
 (observe sil, five precepts)
 Synonyms and antonyms
Read and answer the following questions.
“Pib” can be known as one of the most essential things for living beings.
Life is impossible without “pib”. A great part of the earth is covered with
“pib”. It is why our planet is called the “Blue Planet”. But we can use
only two percent of “pib” in our daily life, because, much of “pib” is
unusable. “pib” can take different shapes in different climatic conditions.
We hardly have the experience of frozen “pib”. But we Sri Lankans have
experienced the heavy floods and droughts as well. But beautiful “pib”
falls are a very common sight when we travel up country. And these
“pib” falls generate power for our country. So “pib” is a great gift that we
should use thriftily.
1. What is pib?
……………………………………………………………
2. What are the different forms of pib?
………………………………………………………………
3.What are the places that “pib” can be seen?
…………………………...........................................................
4. What type of power that “pib” generates?
……………………………………………………………....
5.What will happen if we waste “Pib”?
.......................................................................................................

Sources of 7
Information
“Pen is mightier than sword”
Act Out
Sudesh visited Venerable Sumangala at the temple.
Sudesh : Good afternoon! Venerable sir.

Ven. Sumangala : Good afternoon! what’s that in your
hand?
Sudesh : It’s a dictionary.
Ven. Sumangala : That’s good. I’ve been looking for
one.
Sudesh : Why, Venerable Sir?
Ven. Sumangala : I want to find the meaning of the word ‘alms’.

Sudesh : You can use mine, you can find the meanings of
many English words that you will need.
Ven. Sumangala : I don’t know how to use a dictionary. You can help
me, can’t you?
Sudesh : Yes, I can Venerable Sir. In a dictionary, words are
arranged in the alphabetical order and it gives us
information on how words should be pronounced
too.
Ven. Sumangala : I can also find information on word classes too,
can’t I?
Sudesh : Yes. You can find many details related to any
English word.
Ven. Sumangala : That’s great. Now, could you help me to find the
meaning of the word ‘alms’?
Sudesh : Yes, certainly, Venerable Sir.
Answer the questions given below.
1. Who visited Venerable Sumangala?

2. What did Sudesh have in his hand?
3. What word did Venerable Sumangala want to find from the
dictionary?
4. How are the words arranged in a dictionary?
5. List out three things that can be found in a dictionary.

Activity 2
Some reading materials are given in column ‘A’ and what they contain are
given in column ‘B’. Match ‘A’ with ‘B’ and write them in your writing book.
A B
1. Novels A publication containing articles and stories

with photographs and illustrations
2. Comics A printed publication daily or weekly

containing news, advertisements
and correspondence
3. Newspaper A story with the characters of heros and their

adventurous experiences
4. Magazine A long story with many characters and

incidents
5. Adventure A book that contains stories with pictures

stories

Activity 3

Name of the book Adventures of Robin Hood
Author/Writer Howard Pyle
Main characters Robin Hood, Sherriff, Little

John,Will Scarlett, Marian
Kind of story Adventurous novel
Story in brief Robin Hood and his merry
companions were residing in the
forest of Sherwood. Robin Hood
helped people. He was loved
by poor. He fought against the
unjust sheriff of the village. But
the king understood his genuine
heart and invited Robin Hood
to join him. However, he returns
to the forest and continues to
help people.
Favourite Robin Hood and Little John
characters
Why do you like Full of adventure
it?
Read the information given in the grid about one of Venerable Nanda’s
favourite books – The Adventures of Robin Hood.

Now prepare a similar grid of information about the book Madol Doova
and write a short description about it.
You can start the description like this….
“Moadol Doova is one of my favourite books.

It was written by a very popular writer named
Martin Wickramasinghe.
Activity 5
Get into groups and arrange a debate on “What is more influential in
developing the creativity in a child -novels or films?
Read the following extracts taken from “Junior Sunday Observer” of the
10th of December 2017. 1
I have a role model. It is my father. He is my
best friend. His name is Prakash. He is 44 years
old. He works on a ship and sails around the
world. He teaches me new things and he is very
kind to me. I chose my father as my role model
because I know “a daughter needs a dad to be
the standard against which she will judge
all men”. Some people don’t believe in heroes.
But they have not met my dad. I want to be a good person like my father.

2
Planet Earth is situated between the planets, Mars

and Mercury. The nearest star is the Sun. Planet
Earth rotates and revolves around the Sun along
with the other seven planets in its orbit. There
is an imaginary line called the ‘equator’ which
divides Earth into two equal halves called the
Northern and Southern poles.
Human beings are the main inhabitants of planet Earth. Trees and plants
provide Oxygen and food with the help of the Sun. Air and water are the most
important substances on the Earth. But nowadays, human beings pollute the
environment of the Earth.
3
Water is very important for humans, plants and
animals. It is a gift from Mother Nature. We need
water for bathing, drinking and washing. Some
people pollute water by putting garbage into seas,
rivers and streams. We must protect our water
resources.

Activity 6
Read the texts and fill in the grid below.
1 2 3 4
Extract number What the text is Write three Write three
about verbs from each nouns from each
text text
Using two verbs and two nouns from column 3 and 4, write a summary
for each text.
1. .......................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
3. .......................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
* Complete Activity 1 in Unit 7 of the workbook.

Activity 7.1 - Listening
Listen to the text read by the teacher and underline the correct answer.
i. King Valagamba’s father was.........

a. Kind Dutugemunu
b. King Saddhatissa
c. King Vasabha
ii. He had .............. brothers.

a. one
b. two
c. three
iii. ................. was King Valagamba’s wife.

a. Queen Somadevi
b. Queen Vihara Maha Devi
c. Queen Anula
iv. King Valagamba constructed ........................

a. Ruwanweli Stupa
b. Abhayagiri Stupa
c. Tuparama Stupa
v. The Buddhist religion was written down in books in ................

a. Abhaya temple
b. Mihintale temple
c. Aluviharaya temple

Using Dictionaries
Using the above dictionary page answer the following questions.
1. Write the name of an illness which can affect the lungs?

2. Find the noun form of the word “poach”.
3. Write the abbreviation for the word “post office”.
4. Underline the correct word to complete the following sentence using
the words given in brackets.
The water line was repaired by the ……………….
(plumber/plumbing/plume)
5. Replace the following sentence with a single word which has similar
meaning.
The hunter illegally hunts animals and birds in the forest.
6. What kind of information you can get about a word from a dictionary?
Copy the correct sentences into your writing book.
a. phonetic scripts of words

b. the word classes
c. example sentences using the given word
d. idiomatic phrases
e. punctuation marks with the words
f. plural forms of nouns
g. the spelling in different dialects
h. meaning
Learning Point
Phrasal Verbs
A phrasal verb consists of a verb and a
preposition / adverb or both.
We cannot usually guess the meaning of
a phrasal verb by looking at its separate
parts.
Phrasal verbs are also known as
two – part or three - part verbs.
e.g. Look after -I look after my

parents well.
e.g Give up - Prince Siddharta
gave up worldly life at the age of
twenty nine.
Position of the Particle
In some cases the particle is placed either after the verb or after the object.
Note: If the object is a pronoun, we use the particle (preposition) after the
object pronoun.
e.g. I couldn’t listen to the radio today. So, please turn it on.
Use the following verbs (believe, fill, get, go, look, put, switch, take, throw,
turn, try) and prepositions (through, away, down, for, in, off, on, out) and
form meaningful sentences.
1. He says he always________________ the truth.

2. This is a religious place. __________________________ your shoes
and hat.
3. There is no water in the tank. ___________________________ the
water pump.
4. Quick! ______________________ the train. It is about to leave.
5. The neighbours were able to ___________________ the fire in
Sangaraja Street.
6. I don’t know where my knapsack is, I have to_____________________
it.
7. ____________________ this application form, please.
8. This pencil is really old, you can____________ it _____________.
9. You need some new clothes. Why don’t you ______________________
these shirts.
10. Teacher asked us to ______________________ the lesson and an-
swer the first five questions.

Tag Questions
Learning Point
 Tag question is used in spoken language to ask

for confirmation or agreement.
 You should make a negative tag with the

positive sentence.
e.g.It is beautiful, isn’t it?
 You should make a positive tag with the negative sentence.

e.g It is not very good, is it?
Read the following expressions and underline the correct question tags.
1. They have gone on a trip to Anuradhapura, ……………………………..
a. do they ?
b. did they?
c. haven’t they?
2. She wouldn’t keep quiet ……………………………..

a. isn’t she?
b. does she?
c. would she?
3. All of them didn’t complain ……………………………..

a. did they?
b. aren’t they?
c. do they?
4. She didn’t say anything ……………………………..
a. was she?
b. did she?
c. has she?

5. You have had your dinner, ……………………………..
a. don’t they ?
b. haven’t you?
c. could you?
6. It is so beautiful, ……………………………..
a. isn’t it?
b. does it?
c. has it?
Activity 11 – Dice Game

Pairwork
Let’s play a game of snakes and ladders. One

of you roll the dice. Read the number on the
dice. Pronounce the first word given in the
row. If you pronounce the word correctly you
can roll the dice again. If not, you have to give
the turn to another player. Like this, move up
in the game board according to the value you
get. One word can only be pronounced once.
The player, who climbs first up to number
hundred, will win the game.
1. prank treacle brother crayon
2. prawn trophy bread crack
3. pride track brief creep

4. prescribe trap breeze cradle
5. prompt tree bride crane
6. print tray branch crescent
Learning Point
 Transitive Verbs
Verbs that comes before an object in a sentence,
are called transitive verbs.
e.g. : Saman cleans the garden.
 Intransitive Verbs
Verbs that do not need an object to make a
meaningful sentence, are called intransitive
verbs.
e.g. : Babies are crying.
 Ditransitive Verbs
Verbs that come before two objects (direct and indirect) in a sentence are
called ditransitive verbs.
e.g. : A devotee offered a monk some alms.

Activity 12
Write the given sentences in correct column given in the table.
1. The teacher explained the lesson clearly.

2. My father brought me a shirt.
3. The student dreams about his future.
4. The moon shines.
5. Baker baked a cake.
6. Uncle bought us some home-made sandwiches.
7. The earth revolves around the Sun.
8. I posted the letter.
9. He wrote an article to me.
10. The priest looked at the ground.
Transitive Intransitive Ditransitive
* Now complete Activity 5 in Unit 7 of the workbook.

Modern 8
Technology
There is no wealth like knowledge, no poverty like ignorance
- The Buddha
Act Out
( Students of Abhaya Maha Prirvena have an IT lesson in their new computer
laboratory.)
Teacher : Good Morning, How are
you today?
Students : We are fine teacher. Thank
you.
Teacher : Good! Can everybody see
this picture?

(The teacher shows a picture of the first computer)
Venerable Suguna: Sir, is it an abacus?
Teacher : Good guess. But, it’s actually the first computer.
Venerable Tissa : Really, but I heard that the Chinese had used the abacus
long ago, hadn’t they sir?
Teacher : That’s right. They had used it for mathematical
activities long ago before Charles Babbage invented the
computer.
Venerable Nanda: Sir, but today the technology is much advanced.
People use the internet.
Teacher : Yes of course, it’s really a system that
connects millions of computers
together.
Venerable Nanda: Sir, did Babbage invent the internet too?
Teacher : No, he didn’t. Because, the Internet was introduced
after his invention.
Kolitha : What are search engines or browsers? What do
they do?
Teacher : Good question. When we want to search some
information on the internet, we use them. The most
famous search engines are “Google” and “Yahoo”.
Sirimevan : Sir, then what is“E-mail”?
Teacher : It’s a system that we use to send messages through
the Internet.
Activity 1
a) Who invented the computer?
b) For what purpose did the Chinese use the abacus?
c) What are search engines ?
d) What is the internet and who invented it?
e) What is “E-mail”?
Learning Point
Read the sentence taken from the above dialogue.
Chinese had used the abacus.
Past perfect tense indicates that an action was completed at some
point in the past before something else happened.
In the dialogue above sentence the verb in bold refers to the past
perfect tense action.
Here is how past perfect is formed.

Positive form:-
Chinese had used abacus. ( S+ had+ p.p+ o)
Negative form:-
They had not used Computer. ( S+ had+ p.p+ not+ o)
Question form:-
Had they invented the computer? ( Had+ S+ p.p+ o)?
Write five sentences following the above structures.
1. ………………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………
Complete the Activity 1 & 2 in workbook Unit 8

Learning Point
Word Stress in English
Read these words taken from the conversation aloud.
people friends body health answer
Syllables
English words contain syllables. A syllable is:
 a word or a part of a word
 contains a single vowel sound
 a single speech unit (pronounced as a unit)
Words with one syllable Words with two Words with three
syllables syllables
Man Body bod y September sep tem ber
Pig People peo ple Saturday sa tur day
Hat Water wa ter Telephone tele phone
Moon Garden gar den
Health Hotel ho tel
Friends Apple ap ple
Happy hap py
Answer an swer
Learning Point
Word Stress
When we pronounce words with more than one syllable, we do not
pronounce all the syllables with the same force. Usually, one syllable is
pronounced with more force. It is called the stressed syllable.

Read these words aloud. The stress is on the first syllable. It is given in
bold type.
water: water
apple apple
people: people
answer answer
happy happy
telephone telephone
Saturday saturday
Now, read these words aloud. The stress is in the mid position.
September september
advisor advisor
electron electron
rotation rotation
Twitter
Search
E-books engines
Information
Technology
Internet E-mail

Match the topics in the above diagram with definitions in the grid below
and write sub topics against correct definitions.
Topic Definitions
• Cheapest and fastest way of better

communication
• An online news and social networking service .
• The world's largest computer network.
• Electronic version of a printed book.
• It can be used to search information online.
Using the above diagram write a speech on Information Technology to
deliver at the morning assembly of your Pirivena. You can start your
speech as follows.
Good morning Everybody, I wish to speak a few words on “Information
Technology”.

Pronounce these words paying attention to the initial two letters of each
word.
snip, street, skinny, sweep, speak
Now get into pairs with your partner. Ask your partner to pronounce the
words in the given box clearly. Write the words in the correct column of
the following table. Add more words and pronounce them.
speak, sweet, start, swim, snack, speed,

sky, snag, stand,stair, ski, speech, swan,
stamp, snag, snow, stop, spark, ski
sn st sk sw sp

Learning Point
Identifies and uses Suffixes.
Suffixes are word endings. They change the meaning of the base / stem of
a word. Read the following words taken from the dialogue.
actually, teacher, heard, information

Now let’s see how the meanings of base forms of the given words have
changed.
Base form Suffix New word
teach -er teacher
actual -ly actually
help -ful helpful
inform -tion information
Activity 8
Write the correct base form and suffix of the given words.
Base form Derived word Suffix

1. helpless
2. agreeable
3. comfortable
4. excitement
5. brotherhood

6. transferable
7. endless
8. listener
9. brighter
10. kindness
* Now complete Activity 4 in Unit 8 of your workbook.
Activity 9
Following are the steps of creating an e-mail account given in jumble
order.
Rearrange them correctly and writes the steps in your writing book.
1. Next, enter information such as first name, last

name, gender, date of birth in the page.
2. After giving an e-mail address, choose a secure password of

at least 8 characters (including, upper case - lower case letters
and numbers).
3. Finally, click the “accept button” and you will have a new
email account.
4. First click on the free sign up button in any of the following

search engines such as Google or Yahoo.
5. Once you finish, click the “OK” button, you

will receive a verification code.

Read this message.
To: Nalin Write a similar short message for situations

I came to your place, but you’re given below.
not home. Just to let you know
that we plan to do our project at
your home tomorrow. We will be 1. You are leaving temple early in morning
there by 8 in the morning.
See you then! to go to Colombo. Leave a message to your
Srimal friend to collect the book that Nimal will bring
to the temple for you.
2. You will get late to return to the temple as you have to attend a seminar.
Leave a message to your Chief Monk informing him that you will be
late.
3. You are going to a “Pirith” ceremony now. Leave a short message to
your friend about where you left the key to the room.
4. You mother has left a massage to call her immediately after you return
from the pirivena. Write the message your wrote.
Learning Point
WH – Questions / Informative questions.
WH - question is raised in English to ask

information. It usually starts with a word
beginning with “WH”.
Use a dictionary and match the correct

WH - Question words with the type of information they provide.

Question word Function
asking for information
about something
asking for repetition
asking about time
asking where or position
asking about a choice
asking about which person or people
asking about manner asking about

condition or quality.
*Now complete Activity 5 & 6 in Unit 8 of your workbook.

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PIRIVENA

Educational Publications Department

All Rights Reserved

Published by : The Educational Publications Department

Sri Lanka Matha

Aµ]ß öÁS©v¯õ´ ¡¼uøÚ¨ ö£Ø÷Óß

From the government, I received this as a gift

'Pirivena' became the centre of the Education of Sri Lanka as that

Akila Viraj Kariyawasam

Professor Rev. Nabiriththankadawara Gnanarathana Nayaka Thero

However, the syllabi as well as the textbooks for Pirivena English

Anyway, you are fortunate to follow this new textbook prepared

I must be thankful to Ven. Professor Nabirittankadawara

I offer my sincere thanks to all those who helped to compile

Unit 1 - Simple Living Unit 2 - Buddhist Customs

Direction - Ven. Professor Nabirittankadawara

- Mrs. Nirmala Piyaseeli

Co-ordination - Mr. Ranjith Iluppitiya

- Mrs. W. Indumini Darshika

1. Ven. Professor Medagampitiye - Head

2. Ms. Dilini Chamali Walisundara - Senior Lecturer

3. Mrs. Bimba Maheshi Weerasuriya - Director of Education

5. Mr. Anura Dhammika Edirimanne - Teacher

Language Editing & Proof Reading

Computer Designing & Formatting

02 - YOU ARE LATE 19

07 - SOURCES OF INFORMATION 101

08 - MODERN TECHNOLOGY 116

Namal : Have you seen Shehan’s

2 For free distribution

Read the conversation and answer the questions.

For free distribution 3

The Deer and the Honey-grass

Finally, the king released the deer into the forest.

Can you see, how craving could be dangerous. Therefore contentment is

For free distribution 5

.................. ................. ..................

.................. .................. ...................

6 For free distribution

place close slowly bliss

Pronounce the words.

*Now complete Activities 2 & 3 in Unit 1 of your workbook.

1. Craving is very dangerous. (subject)

In the above sentences, ‘craving’ is not used as a verb. It is used as a noun.

Here are some more examples for gerunds.

e.g. Swimming is a good exercise.

8 For free distribution

*Now complete Activity 4 in Unit 1 of your workbook.

For free distribution 9

Once upon a time, there lived a poor farmer. He had a goose.

After some time, he became greedy for money.

The teacher asked all the students to maintain

10 For free distribution

Wednesday Had fever. Could not attend the classes. Went to

For free distribution 11

 Memorized the scriptures.

 Went to the doctor.

 Copied the notes.

 Returned the books.

Follow the given example.