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Module 2 Who Are They PDF

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cancer.gaming.com
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THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE:

WHO ARE THEY?

Subject Instructor:
Ronessa Ann Lagmay
THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE: WHO ARE THEY?
• The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act defines “Indigenous
Peoples” as a group of people or homogenous societies
identified by self-ascription and ascription by others; who have
continuously lived as an organized community on communally
bounded and defined territory and who have, under claims of
ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and
utilized such territories, sharing common bonds of language,
customs, traditions and other distinctive cultural traits, or who
have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads
of colonization, non-indigenous religions and cultures, became
historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos.
THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE: WHO ARE THEY?

Indigenous Cultural Communities/ Indigenous Peoples shall


likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous on
account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the
country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of
inroads of non-indigenous religions and cultures, or the
establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of
their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions, but who
may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may
have resettled outside their ancestral lands (Sec. 3 (h) Republic Act
8731, or the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act IPRA 1997).
IP GROUPS
• Maguindanao (Téduray) • Saranggani (T’boli)

• Zamboanga del Sur (Subanen) • Northern Samar (Mamanwa)

• Aurora (Dumagat) • North Cotabato (Manobo)


• Sultan Kudarat (B’laan)
• Bukidnon (Bukidnon)
• Guimaras (Ati)
• Agusan del Sur (Manobo)
• Capiz (Ati)
• Negros Oriental (Ati)
• Antique (Ati)
• Cebu City (Badjao)
• Isabela (Gaddang) and
• Davao City (Matigsalog/ Ata-Manobo)
• Mt. Province (Bontok).
GENERIC TERMS

Particular generic terms are used to refer to


indigenous peoples in different regions of the country,
although the indigenous peoples usually identify
themselves as belonging to a particular ethno-linguistic
group or subgroup. Among the major groupings of
indigenous peoples in the Philippines are the following:

Igorot is the generic and collective term for the


indigenous peoples of the Cordillera Mountain range in
northern Luzon. Igorot is derived from the prefix i- (people
from) and golot (mountain) to literally mean “people from
the mountains.” This term was for a long time considered
derogatory, but it has increasingly been accepted and
appropriated by indigenous activists as a term of pride in
their identity as indigenous peoples.
GENERIC TERMS

The Igorot make up 99 per cent of the population in


the Cordillera region and live in the highlands, foothills,
plateaus and river valleys of the Cordillera Mountain
range. They currently total about 1.5 million in population
and are composed of various ethnic groups and
subgroups or tribes.

The major ethno-linguistic groups in the Cordillera


are the Kankanaey, Bontoc, Ifugao, Kalinga, Ibaloy, Isneg
and Tingguian. However, the people prefer to identify
themselves as belonging to their own “ili”, which is an
indigenous community having its own defined territory or
ancestral land and its own indigenous socio-cultural
systems.
GENERIC TERMS

Lumad is a generic term used by others to refer to the


indigenous peoples of Mindanao, who make up the largest
number of indigenous peoples in the country. It is a Visayan
term meaning native, indigenous, “of the land”. The Lumad are
composed of numerous indigenous peoples scattered
throughout the Mindanao Island.

There are 18 major Lumad groups namely: Subanen,


B‟laan, T‟boli, Mandaya, Mansaka, Tiruray, Higaonon, Manobo,
Bagobo, Bukidnon, Tagkaolo, Ubo, Banwaon, Kalagan,
Dibabawon, Talaandig, Mamanwa and Manguangan. They live
in the mountainous areas of Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur,
Bukidnon, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao,
Zamboanga, Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Cagayan
de Oro, North Cotabato, South Cotabato and Saranggani
Province (KAMP 2002).
GENERIC TERMS

To simplify, the Lumad may be clustered as follows: the Manobo cluster, the
BlaanT‟Boli-Tiduray cluster, the Mandaya-Mansaka cluster, the Subanen who
live largely in the hinterlands and coastal areas of the Zamboanga Peninsula;
the Higaonon or “mountain dwellers” in the plateaus of Bukidnon; and the
Mamanwa in Surigao del Norte (Erni 2008).
GENERIC TERMS
Mangyan is a generic term for the indigenous peoples of the island of
Mindoro and in Sibuyan Island. They are usually clustered into the northern
Mangyan (Tadyawan, Alangan and Iraya) and the southern Mangyan (Buhid,
Taobuid and Hanunuo). There are also several indigenous peoples living in the
islands of Palawan. These are the Tagbanua (Kalamianen), Palaw-an, Molbog
and Batak.
GENERIC TERMS
Negrito is used as a generic term for
indigenous peoples with distinct physical features –
short, dark skin, curly hair – living in different
regions of the Philippines from north to south.
Around 30 groups of Negrito have been identified.
They live in dispersed groups throughout the
country, including the Agta in the remote forested
areas of Cagayan in northern Luzon, the Dumagat
people in the Sierra Madre Mountains in eastern
Luzon and along the Pacific coast down to the
Bondoc and Bicol mountains. Others are found in
western and southern Luzon, with larger
populations living in the Zambales-Bataan
mountains (sometimes called Hambal, Aeta,
Sambal), the Baluga in Pampanga and Tarlac, and
in the Southern Tagalog foothills. Still other Negrito
groups are the Ati in Panay and Negros, Palawan,
Guimaras, Romblon and northern Mindanao.
Characteristic of people in their categories

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