Networking Commands
1. nmap:
nmap scanme.nmap.org
1. This command scans the host “scanme.nmap.org” to
discover open ports and services.
2. tcpdump:
sudo tcpdump -i eth0 tcp port 80
2. This command captures and displays traffic on
interface eth0, specifically for TCP traffic on port 80 (HTTP).
3. lsof:
lsof -i TCP:22
3. This command lists processes that are using TCP port
22 (SSH).
4. iftop:
sudo iftop -n -i eth0
4. This command displays real-time network bandwidth
usage on interface eth0.
5. iwconfig (Linux):
iwconfig wlan0
5. This command displays the configuration of the
wireless interface wlan0.
6. dig:
dig example.com
6. This command queries DNS servers to retrieve
information about the domain “example.com”.
7. route (Linux):
route -n
7. This command displays the routing table on a Linux
system.
8. ss:
ss -tuln
8. This command shows all TCP and UDP listening ports
on the system.
9. telnet:
telnet example.com 80
9. This command establishes a connection to the HTTP
service (port 80) on the server “example.com” using Telnet.
10. netsh (Windows):
netsh interface ipv4 show addresses
11. arp:
arp -a
11. This command displays the ARP cache, showing the
mappings between IP addresses and MAC addresses on your
local network.
12. ipconfig (Windows) / ifconfig (Linux/macOS):
ipconfig /all
12. or
ifconfig -a
12. These commands display detailed information about
all network interfaces on your system.
13. traceroute (Windows) / traceroute (Linux/macOS):
traceroute google.com
13. This command traces the route that packets take to
reach the specified destination (in this case, “google.com”).
14. curl:
curl https://www.example.com
14. This command retrieves the content of a web page
from the specified URL using the HTTP protocol.
15. wget:
wget https://www.example.com/file.txt
15. This command downloads a file from the specified URL
using HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP.
16. ssh:
ssh username@hostname
16. This command establishes an SSH connection to the
specified hostname with the provided username.
17. netstat:
netstat -ano
17. This command displays active network connections,
listening ports, and related information.
18. ip (Linux):
ip addr show
18. This command displays IP addresses and related
information for all network interfaces.
19. iwconfig (Linux):
iwconfig
19. This command displays wireless network interface
configuration.
20. nslookup:
nslookup example.com
20. This command queries DNS servers to retrieve
information about the specified domain.
21. iftop:
sudo iftop -i eth0
21. This command displays a real-time view of network
bandwidth usage on interface eth0.
22. nmap:
nmap -sS target_ip
22. This command performs a TCP SYN scan on the
specified target IP address.
23. tcpdump:
sudo tcpdump -i eth0 port 80
23. This command captures and displays HTTP traffic on
interface eth0.
24. lsof:
lsof -i :port_number
24. This command lists processes that are using the
specified port number.
25. ss:
ss -tulnp
25. This command shows TCP and UDP listening ports
along with the associated process names.
26. dig:
dig +short example.com
26. This command retrieves the IP address of the specified
domain in a concise format.
27. route (Linux):
route -n
27. This command displays the kernel routing table in a
numeric format.
28. telnet:
telnet example.com 22
28. This command establishes a Telnet connection to the
specified hostname and port number.
29. netsh (Windows):
netsh interface ipv4 show interfaces
29. This command displays a list of network interfaces with
their state and metrics.
30. ipconfig (Windows) / ifconfig (Linux/macOS):
ipconfig /flushdns
30. or
sudo ifconfig eth0 down
30. These commands respectively flush the DNS resolver
cache on Windows or bring down the eth0 network interface on
Linux/macOS.
31. scp:
scp file.txt username@hostname:/remote/directory
31. This command securely copies a file from the local
system to a remote system using SSH.
32. sftp:
sftp username@hostname
32. This command establishes an interactive FTP-like
session for transferring files securely over SSH.
33. iptraf-ng:
sudo iptraf-ng
33. This command starts an interactive ncurses-based tool
for monitoring network traffic in real-time.
34. mtr:
mtr google.com
34. This command combines the functionality of
traceroute and ping to provide detailed network diagnostics.
35. arping:
arping -c 3 192.168.1.1
35. This command sends ARP requests to a specific IP
address to determine if it’s reachable on the local network.
36. route (Windows):
route print
36. This command displays the routing table on a Windows
system.
37. nsupdate:
nsupdate -k /path/to/keyfile
37. This command interactively updates DNS records
using the DNS UPDATE protocol.
38. nmcli (Linux):
nmcli device show
38. This command displays information about network
devices and their configuration using NetworkManager.
39. host:
host 8.8.8.8
39. This command performs DNS lookups to retrieve
domain names associated with an IP address.
40. curl with headers:
curl -I https://www.example.com
40. This command retrieves only the HTTP headers from
the specified URL using curl.
41. wget with bandwidth limit:
wget --limit-rate=100k https://www.example.com/file.txt
41. This command downloads a file from the specified URL
with a specified bandwidth limit.
42. ssh with port forwarding:
ssh -L 8080:localhost:80 username@hostname
42. This command establishes an SSH connection with
local port forwarding, forwarding traffic from port 8080 on the
local machine to port 80 on the remote machine.
43. netcat (nc):
nc -l -p 1234
43. This command listens on port 1234 for incoming
connections, useful for testing network connectivity.
44. traceroute with ICMP:
traceroute -I google.com
44. This command performs traceroute using ICMP echo
requests instead of UDP packets.
45. tcpdump with specific source IP:
sudo tcpdump src host 192.168.1.100
45. This command captures packets with a specific source
IP address.
46. iftop with filtering:
sudo iftop -i eth0 -f "src net 192.168.0.0/16"
46. This command displays bandwidth usage only for
traffic originating from the specified network.
47. nmap with OS detection:
nmap -O target_ip
47. This command performs an Nmap scan with operating
system detection on the specified target IP address.
48. nslookup with specific DNS server:
nslookup example.com 8.8.8.8
48. This command performs a DNS lookup using the
specified DNS server (in this case, Google’s public DNS server).
49. iptraf-ng with filter:
sudo iptraf-ng -B -L /path/to/logfile
49. This command starts iptraf-ng with bandwidth
monitoring and logs the output to a specified file.
50. arping with interface:
arping -I eth0 192.168.1.1
50. This command sends ARP requests through the
specified network interface.
51. iptables (Linux):
sudo iptables -L
51. This command lists all current firewall rules configured
using iptables on a Linux system.
52. route print (Windows):
route print
52. This command displays the IPv4 routing table on a
Windows system, showing the network destinations, gateways,
and interface metrics.
53. ipfw (macOS):
sudo ipfw list
53. This command lists the current firewall rules
configured using ipfw on a macOS system.
54. ipfw (FreeBSD):
sudo ipfw list
54. This command lists the firewall rules configured using
ipfw on a FreeBSD system.
55. netcat (nc) file transfer:
nc -l -p 1234 > received_file
55. This command listens on port 1234 and saves the
received data to a file named “received_file”.
56. scp with specific port:
scp -P 2222 file.txt username@hostname:/remote/directory
56. This command securely copies a file to a remote
system using SSH on port 2222.
57. ipset:
sudo ipset list
57. This command displays the current IP sets configured
on the system.
58. ssh-keygen:
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
58. This command generates an RSA SSH key pair with a
key size of 4096 bits.
59. sshd_config (OpenSSH):
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
59. This command opens the OpenSSH server
configuration file for editing.
60. dig with specific DNS server:
dig @8.8.4.4 example.com
60. This command performs a DNS lookup using the
specified DNS server (in this case, Google’s public DNS server
8.8.4.4).
61. netstat with specific protocol:
netstat -tuln
61. This command displays listening TCP and UDP ports.
62. ss with specific state:
ss -t state established
62. This command displays established TCP connections.
63. traceroute with maximum hops:
traceroute -m 20 google.com
63. This command traces the route to Google with a
maximum of 20 hops.
64. curl with output to file:
curl -o output.txt https://www.example.com
64. This command downloads the content of a web page
and saves it to a file named “output.txt”.
65. wget with recursive download:
wget -r -np https://www.example.com/directory/
65. This command recursively downloads all files from the
specified directory on a website.
66. scp with recursive copy:
scp -r local_directory username@hostname:/remote/directory
66. This command securely copies a directory and its
contents to a remote system using SSH.
67. sftp with batch mode:
sftp -b batchfile.txt username@hostname
67. This command performs batch mode file transfers
using SFTP.
68. nmcli (NetworkManager) with connection status:
nmcli connection show
68. This command displays the status of NetworkManager
connections.
69. ipfs (InterPlanetary File System):
ipfs cat /ipfs/QmHash/file.txt
69. This command retrieves a file from the InterPlanetary
File System (IPFS) using its hash.
70. iperf3 (network performance testing):
iperf3 -c server_ip
70. This command tests network bandwidth between the
local machine and a specified server.
71. curl with POST request:
curl -X POST -d 'param1=value1¶m2=value2'
https://api.example.com
71. This command sends a POST request with form data to
a specified API endpoint.
72. wget with user-agent header:
wget --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0" https://www.example.com
72. This command downloads a web page pretending to be
a Mozilla browser.
73. ssh with specific private key:
ssh -i /path/to/private_key username@hostname
73. This command connects to a remote server using SSH
with a specific private key.
74. netcat (nc) with listening mode:
nc -l -p 1234
74. This command listens for incoming connections on
port 1234.
75. traceroute with IPv6:
traceroute6 ipv6.google.com
75. This command traces the route to Google’s IPv6
address.
76. nslookup with reverse lookup:
nslookup 8.8.8.8
76. This command performs a reverse DNS lookup for the
IP address 8.8.8.8.
77. ipfw with port forwarding:
sudo ipfw add 100 fwd 192.168.1.2,80 tcp from any to any 8080
77. This command forwards incoming TCP traffic on port
8080 to port 80 of the specified IP address.
78. iptables with NAT:
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
78. This command configures iptables to perform network
address translation (NAT) on outgoing packets on interface eth0.
79. arp-scan:
sudo arp-scan --localnet
79. This command scans the local network for live hosts
using ARP.
80. sshd with password authentication disabled:
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
80. Edit the SSH server configuration file to disable
password authentication.
81. netcat (nc) with file transfer:
nc -l -p 1234 < file.txt
81. This command listens on port 1234 and sends the
contents of file.txt to any connecting client.
82. scp with specific cipher:
scp -c aes256 file.txt username@hostname:/remote/directory
82. This command securely copies a file to a remote
system using the AES-256 encryption cipher.
83. sftp with public key authentication:
sftp -i /path/to/private_key username@hostname
83. This command performs SFTP file transfers using
public key authentication.
84. nmcli with Wi-Fi connection details:
nmcli device wifi list
84. This command lists available Wi-Fi networks and their
signal strengths.
85. ipfs with file sharing:
ipfs add file.txt
85. This command adds a file to the IPFS network for
sharing.
86. iperf3 with specific port:
iperf3 -c server_ip -p 5001
86. This command tests network bandwidth using port
5001 instead of the default port.
87. curl with cookies:
curl --cookie "session_id=123456" https://www.example.com
87. This command sends an HTTP request with a cookie
named “session_id” set to “123456”.
88. wget with retry option:
wget --tries=3 https://www.example.com/file.txt
88. This command retries the download three times if it
fails.
89. ssh with X11 forwarding:
ssh -X username@hostname
89. This command establishes an SSH connection with
X11 forwarding enabled for GUI applications.
90. netcat (nc) with UDP:
nc -u -l -p 1234
90. This command listens for incoming UDP packets on
port 1234.
91. traceroute with specific interface:
traceroute -i eth0 google.com
91. This command traces the route to Google using the
specified network interface.
92. nslookup with specific DNS server and record type:
nslookup -type=mx example.com 8.8.8.8
93. ipfw with port range:
sudo ipfw add 100 allow tcp from any to any 8000-9000
93. This command allows TCP traffic on ports 8000 to
9000.
94. iptables with specific source IP:
sudo iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.100 -j DROP
94. This command drops all incoming packets from the
specified source IP address.
95. arp-scan with specific network interface:
sudo arp-scan --interface=eth0 --localnet
95. This command scans the local network using the eth0
interface.
96. sshd with specific listening address:
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
96. Edit the SSH server configuration file to listen on a
specific address.
97. netcat (nc) with verbose output:
nc -l -v -p 1234
97. This command listens on port 1234 and provides
verbose output.
98. scp with verbose output:
scp -v file.txt username@hostname:/remote/directory
98. This command securely copies a file to a remote
system and provides verbose output.
99. sftp with verbose output:
sftp -v username@hostname
99. This command establishes an SFTP session and
provides verbose output.
100. nmcli with VPN connections:
nmcli connection show --active
100. This command displays active network connections,
including VPN connections.
101. ipfs with file sharing and pinning:
ipfs pin add QmHash
101. This command pins a file to ensure it remains available
on the IPFS network even if the original uploader goes offline.
102. iperf3 with parallel streams:
iperf3 -c server_ip -P 5
102. This command tests network bandwidth using 5
parallel streams.
103. curl with basic authentication:
curl -u username:password https://api.example.com
103. This command sends an HTTP request with basic
authentication credentials.
104. wget with quiet mode:
wget -q https://www.example.com/file.txt
104. This command downloads a file quietly without
showing progress or messages.
105. ssh with port forwarding and SOCKS proxy:
ssh -D 8080 -f -C -q -N username@hostname
105. This command establishes an SSH connection with
dynamic port forwarding and starts a SOCKS proxy on port 8080.
106. netcat (nc) with verbose output and listening on all
interfaces:
nc -l -v -p 1234 -k
106. This command listens on port 1234 on all available
interfaces and provides verbose output.
107. traceroute with ICMP and specific source address:
traceroute -i eth0 -s 192.168.1.100 google.com
107. This command traces the route to Google using ICMP
packets with a specific source IP address.
108. nslookup with reverse lookup and specific DNS server:
nslookup 8.8.8.8 8.8.8.8
108. This command performs a reverse DNS lookup for the
IP address 8.8.8.8 using Google’s public DNS server.
109. ipfw with logging:
sudo ipfw add 100 allow tcp from any to any 22 log
109. This command allows TCP traffic on port 22 and logs it.
110. iptables with rate limiting:
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -m
limit --limit 3/minute --limit-burst 3 -j ACCEPT
110. This command limits the rate of incoming SSH
connections to 3 per minute.
111. arp-scan with output to file:
sudo arp-scan --localnet > scan_results.txt
111. This command scans the local network and saves the
results to a file named “scan_results.txt”.
112. sshd with specific listening port:
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
112. Edit the SSH server configuration file to listen on a
specific port.
113. netcat (nc) with data transfer in hex format:
echo "48656C6C6F20576F726C64" | xxd -r -p | nc -l -p 1234
113. This command listens on port 1234 and transfers data
in hexadecimal format.
114. scp with compression:
scp -C file.txt username@hostname:/remote/directory
114. This command securely copies a file to a remote
system using compression.
115. sftp with specific SSH key:
sftp -i /path/to/private_key username@hostname
115. This command establishes an SFTP session using a
specific SSH key for authentication.
116. nmcli with specific connection details:
nmcli connection show "Wired connection 1"
116. This command displays details about a specific
NetworkManager connection.
117. ipfs with file sharing and encryption:
ipfs add --encrypt file.txt
117. This command adds a file to the IPFS network with
encryption.
118. iperf3 with UDP and specific port:
iperf3 -c server_ip -u -p 5001
118. This command tests UDP bandwidth using port 5001.
119. curl with multipart form data:
curl -F "file=@/path/to/file.txt" https://api.example.com/upload
119. This command sends a POST request with multipart
form data, including a file upload.
120. wget with timestamping:
wget -N https://www.example.com/file.txt
120. This command downloads a file only if it is newer than
the local copy, based on timestamps.
121. ssh with X11 forwarding and specific display:
ssh -X -o "ForwardX11Display=localhost:0"
username@hostname
121. This command establishes an SSH connection with
X11 forwarding and specifies the display.
122. netcat (nc) with verbose output and listening on
specific IP address:
nc -l -v -p 1234 -s 192.168.1.100
122. This command listens on port 1234 on the specified IP
address and provides verbose output.
123. traceroute with specific timeout:
traceroute -w 2 google.com
123. This command traces the route to Google with a
timeout of 2 seconds for each probe.
124. nslookup with specific DNS server and record type:
nslookup -type=txt example.com 8.8.8.8
124. This command performs a DNS lookup for TXT records
for the domain “example
