FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

1
 PSC SST Guide – 2024

• English Portion 20%

(Vocabulary, Grammar Usage, Sentence Structuring)

• Professional Test 80%

a) Perspectives of Education in Pakistan

b) School Administration and Supervision
c) Planning and Management in Education
d) Educational Psychology
e) Teaching Methodology
f) Classroom Management
g) Educational Measurement and Evaluation
h) Research Techniques in Education
i) Educational System in Pakistan
j) Educational Guidance and Counselling

Copyright © 2024 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication

may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form without
the prior written permission of the copyright holder.

‫تاہمقارئینسےالتماسہےکہاگروہ‬،‫کتابکواغالطسےپاککرنےکیحتیاالمکانسعیکیگئیہے‬
‫کسیبھیقسمکیغلطیپائیںتوازرا ِہکرمواٹسایپنمبر پراطالعکریںتاکہہممزید بہتر یال‬
‫سکیں۔شکریہ۔‬

To get Full PDF e-Book,

WhatsApp Message at 03445173209 (Jawad Tahir)

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

2
 Contents
Part I Vocabulary, Grammar Usage and Sentence Structuring ............................................ 25
Synonyms ........................................................................................................................... 28
Antonyms ............................................................................................................................ 56
Prepositions ........................................................................................................................ 84
Nouns ............................................................................................................................... 111
Pronouns .......................................................................................................................... 138
Verbs ................................................................................................................................ 165
Adverbs............................................................................................................................. 192
Adjectives ......................................................................................................................... 219
Conjunction ....................................................................................................................... 246
Interjection ........................................................................................................................ 273
1. Vocabulary .................................................................................................................... 300
Synonyms & Antonyms ....................................................................................................... 301
Idioms and Phrases............................................................................................................. 304
One Word Substitution ........................................................................................................ 307
Analogies ............................................................................................................................ 310
Homophones and Homonyms ............................................................................................. 313
Prefixes and Suffixes........................................................................................................... 316
Confusing Words (e.g., affect vs. effect) .............................................................................. 319
Word Formation .................................................................................................................. 323
Word Roots and Origins ...................................................................................................... 326
Spelling Rules and Common Errors .................................................................................... 329
2. Grammar Usage ........................................................................................................... 332
Parts of Speech................................................................................................................... 333
Subject Verb Agreement ..................................................................................................... 336
Pronoun Antecedent Agreement ......................................................................................... 339
Tenses ................................................................................................................................ 342
Active Voice and Passive Voice .......................................................................................... 345
Direct and Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) ................................................................... 348
Sentence Structure (Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound Complex) .......................... 351
Sentence Types (Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative, Exclamatory) ................................ 354
Sentence Fragments and Run-on Sentences ...................................................................... 357
Parallelism (Ensuring consistency in sentence structure) .................................................... 360
Modifier Placement ............................................................................................................. 363
Comparative and Superlative Forms ................................................................................... 366
Conditional Sentences (Zero, First, Second, Third Conditionals) ......................................... 369

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

3
 Gerunds and Infinitives........................................................................................................ 372
Modal Verbs (Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Shall, Should, Will, Would) ............................ 375
Articles (Definite and Indefinite) ........................................................................................... 378
Phrasal Verbs...................................................................................................................... 381
Clauses (Independent and Dependent) ............................................................................... 384
Sentence Agreement in Number (Singular vs. Plural).......................................................... 387
Ellipsis (Omission of words or phrases) ............................................................................... 390
Gerund vs. Infinitive Usage ................................................................................................. 393
Word Order (Subject Verb Object)....................................................................................... 396
Double Negatives ................................................................................................................ 399
Quantifiers (Some, Any, Many, Much, Few, Little) ............................................................... 402
Relative Clauses (Defining and Nondefining) ...................................................................... 405
Conditional Conjunctions (If, Unless, Provided that, etc.) .................................................... 408
Idiomatic Expressions ......................................................................................................... 411
Sentence Completion (Completing incomplete sentences) .................................................. 414
Sentence Transformation (Changing form while retaining meaning).................................... 417
3. Sentence Structure ....................................................................................................... 420
Sentence Stress and Intonation .......................................................................................... 421
Sentence Complexity Levels ............................................................................................... 424
Sentence Rearrangement ................................................................................................... 427
Sentence Paraphrasing ....................................................................................................... 430
Parallelism (Maintaining consistency in sentence structure) ................................................ 433
Sentence Clarity and Conciseness ...................................................................................... 436
Sentence Variety (Using a mix of sentence structures for better readability) ....................... 440
Sentence Combining (Joining sentences for improved flow)................................................ 443
Sentence Cohesion and Coherence .................................................................................... 447
Sentence Development (Expanding and elaborating on ideas within a sentence) ............... 450
Sentence Unity (Ensuring all parts of the sentence contribute to the main idea).................. 453
Sentence Punctuation (Correct use of commas, semicolons, colons, etc.) .......................... 456
Sentence Transitions and Connectors (Words/phrases for smooth transition between
sentences) ..................................................................................................................... 460
Sentence Emphasis ............................................................................................................ 464
Sentence Clauses (Independent and Dependent) ............................................................... 467
Sentence Types Based on Purpose .................................................................................... 470
Sentence Length Variation .................................................................................................. 473
Sentence Openers .............................................................................................................. 476
Sentence Endings ............................................................................................................... 479
Sentence Patterns ............................................................................................................... 482

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

4
 Sentence Fluency ............................................................................................................... 485
Sentence Coordination and Subordination .......................................................................... 488
Sentence Syntax ................................................................................................................. 491
Sentence Development Techniques .................................................................................... 494
Sentence Order ................................................................................................................... 498
Sentence Parallelism and Balance ...................................................................................... 501
Sentence Emphasis Techniques ......................................................................................... 504
Sentence Clarity Strategies ................................................................................................. 507
Sentence Revision .............................................................................................................. 510
Sentence Mastery ............................................................................................................... 513
Part – II ............................................................................................................................. 517
1. Perspectives of Education in Pakistan........................................................................... 517
Historical Evolution of Education in Pakistan ....................................................................... 518
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 519
Structure of Education System in Pakistan .......................................................................... 522
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 523
Primary Education in Pakistan ............................................................................................. 526
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 527
Secondary Education in Pakistan ........................................................................................ 530
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 531
Higher Education in Pakistan .............................................................................................. 534
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 535
Technical and Vocational Education.................................................................................... 538
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 539
Madrassa Education System ............................................................................................... 542
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 543
Curriculum Development and Reforms ................................................................................ 547
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 548
Role of Higher Education Commission (HEC) ..................................................................... 552
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 553
Challenges in the Education Sector..................................................................................... 556
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 557
Gender Disparities in Education .......................................................................................... 560
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 561
Literacy Rates and Trends .................................................................................................. 565
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 567
Private vs. Public Education Institutions .............................................................................. 570

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

5
 MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 571
Quality of Education ............................................................................................................ 574
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 576
Teacher Training and Professional Development ................................................................ 579
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 580
Education Policies and Government Initiatives .................................................................... 584
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 586
Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Education ................................................................ 589
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 590
Role of NGOs in Education ................................................................................................. 594
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 595
Education and Economic Development ............................................................................... 599
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 600
Digital and Online Education ............................................................................................... 604
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 605
Inclusive Education for Special Needs ................................................................................ 609
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 610
Education for Rural Areas ................................................................................................... 613
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 614
Examination and Assessment Systems ............................................................................... 617
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 618
Education Financing and Budgeting .................................................................................... 621
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 622
Educational Disparities Among Provinces ........................................................................... 625
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 626
Role of International Organizations (UNICEF, UNESCO, etc.) ............................................ 629
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 630
Language Policy in Education ............................................................................................. 633
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 634
Student Enrollment and Dropout Rates ............................................................................... 637
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 638
Educational Reforms and Future Prospects ........................................................................ 641
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 642
Impact of COVID-19 on Education in Pakistan .................................................................... 645
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 646
2. School Administration and Supervision ......................................................................... 649
Roles and Responsibilities of School Administrators ........................................................... 650

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

6
 MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 651
Leadership Styles in School Administration ......................................................................... 654
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 655
School Organizational Structure .......................................................................................... 658
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 659
Strategic Planning in Schools .............................................................................................. 662
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 663
School Policies and Procedures .......................................................................................... 666
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 668
Effective Communication in School Administration .............................................................. 671
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 672
Decision-Making Processes in Schools ............................................................................... 676
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 677
Conflict Resolution and Management .................................................................................. 681
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 682
Staff Recruitment and Retention.......................................................................................... 686
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 688
Teacher Evaluation and Appraisal ....................................................................................... 692
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 694
Professional Development for Educators............................................................................. 698
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 700
Curriculum Implementation and Supervision ....................................................................... 704
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 706
Financial Management in Schools ....................................................................................... 710
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 712
School Budgeting and Resource Allocation ......................................................................... 715
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 716
School Infrastructure and Facilities Management ................................................................ 720
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 722
Student Discipline and Behavior Management .................................................................... 726
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 727
Parental Involvement and Community Engagement ............................................................ 731
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 733
School Safety and Crisis Management ................................................................................ 737
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 738
Use of Technology in School Administration ....................................................................... 742
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 743

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

7
 Monitoring and Evaluation of School Programs ................................................................... 748
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 749
Legal and Ethical Issues in School Administration ............................................................... 753
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 754
Data-Driven Decision Making .............................................................................................. 758
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 759
School Improvement Plans.................................................................................................. 763
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 765
Performance Management Systems ................................................................................... 769
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 770
Time Management for School Leaders ................................................................................ 774
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 775
School Climate and Culture ................................................................................................. 779
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 780
Accountability in School Administration ............................................................................... 784
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 785
Mentoring and Coaching for Teachers ................................................................................ 789
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 790
Supervisory Practices in Education ..................................................................................... 794
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 795
Innovations and Trends in School Administration ................................................................ 799
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 801
3. Planning and management in Education ....................................................................... 805
Introduction to Educational Planning ................................................................................... 806
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 807
Objectives and Goals in Educational Planning .................................................................... 811
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 812
Strategic Planning in Education ........................................................................................... 816
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 817
Educational Policy Formulation ........................................................................................... 822
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 823
Frameworks for Educational Planning ................................................................................. 827
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 829
Role of Stakeholders in Educational Planning ..................................................................... 833
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 834
Needs Assessment in Education ......................................................................................... 839
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 840

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

8
 School Development Plans ................................................................................................. 845
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 846
Resource Allocation and Budgeting in Education ................................................................ 850
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 851
Human Resource Management in Education ...................................................................... 855
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 856
Leadership in Educational Planning .................................................................................... 860
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 861
Curriculum Planning and Development ............................................................................... 865
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 867
Project Management in Education ....................................................................................... 870
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 871
Educational Program Evaluation ......................................................................................... 875
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 876
Quality Assurance in Education ........................................................................................... 880
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 881
Data Analysis and Use in Educational Planning .................................................................. 885
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 886
Decision-Making Processes in Education ............................................................................ 890
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 891
Monitoring and Evaluation Systems .................................................................................... 895
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 896
Change Management in Education ..................................................................................... 900
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 901
Risk Management in Educational Institutions ...................................................................... 905
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 906
Educational Technology Planning ....................................................................................... 910
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 911
Policy Implementation and Supervision ............................................................................... 915
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 916
Community Involvement in Educational Planning ................................................................ 920
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 921
Equity and Inclusion in Educational Planning ...................................................................... 925
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 926
Sustainable Development in Education ............................................................................... 930
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 931
School Improvement Planning ............................................................................................. 935

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

9
 MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 936
Policy Analysis in Education ................................................................................................ 940
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 941
Impact of Globalization on Educational Planning ................................................................. 945
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 946
Future Trends in Educational Planning and Management ................................................... 950
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 951
4. Educational Psychology ................................................................................................ 955
Introduction to Educational Psychology ............................................................................... 956
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 958
Historical Development of Educational Psychology ............................................................. 961
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 963
Learning Theories ............................................................................................................... 967
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 969
Cognitive Development ....................................................................................................... 972
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 973
Behavioral Theories ............................................................................................................ 977
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 978
Social Learning Theory ....................................................................................................... 981
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 982
Motivation in Education ....................................................................................................... 985
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 986
Intelligence .......................................................................................................................... 990
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 991
Personality Development .................................................................................................... 994
MCQs .............................................................................................................................. 995
Child and Adolescent Development..................................................................................... 998
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1000
Moral Development ........................................................................................................... 1003
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1005
Educational Assessment and Evaluation ........................................................................... 1008
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1009
Individual Differences ........................................................................................................ 1013
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1014
Special Education ............................................................................................................. 1018
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1020
Learning Disabilities .......................................................................................................... 1023

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

10
 MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1024
Classroom Management ................................................................................................... 1028
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1029
Instructional Strategies ...................................................................................................... 1033
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1034
Curriculum Development ................................................................................................... 1038
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1040
Educational Measurement ................................................................................................. 1043
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1045
Educational Research Methods ......................................................................................... 1048
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1049
Teacher Effectiveness ....................................................................................................... 1053
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1054
Student Diversity ............................................................................................................... 1057
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1059
Emotional and Social Development ................................................................................... 1062
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1064
Technology in Education ................................................................................................... 1067
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1069
Parental Involvement in Education .................................................................................... 1072
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1074
Guidance and Counseling in Schools ................................................................................ 1077
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1078
Creativity in Education....................................................................................................... 1082
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1083
Stress and Coping Mechanisms in Students ..................................................................... 1087
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1088
Ethical and Legal Issues in Education ............................................................................... 1091
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1092
Current Trends and Issues in Educational Psychology ...................................................... 1095
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1096
5. Curriculum Development and Assessment .................................................................. 1099
Principles of Curriculum Development ............................................................................... 1100
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1101
Historical Perspectives on Curriculum Development ......................................................... 1105
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1106
Curriculum Theories and Models ....................................................................................... 1110

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

11
 MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1111
Curriculum Planning and Design ....................................................................................... 1115
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1116
Role of Stakeholders in Curriculum Development ............................................................. 1120
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1121
National Curriculum Frameworks ...................................................................................... 1125
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1126
Curriculum Standards and Benchmarks ............................................................................ 1130
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1131
Subject-Specific Curriculum Design .................................................................................. 1135
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1136
Integration of Cross-Curricular Themes ............................................................................. 1140
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1141
Curriculum Differentiation and Inclusion ............................................................................ 1145
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1146
Curriculum Implementation Strategies ............................................................................... 1150
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1151
Teacher Involvement in Curriculum Development ............................................................. 1155
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1156
Role of Technology in Curriculum Development ................................................................ 1160
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1161
Curriculum Evaluation and Feedback Mechanisms ........................................................... 1165
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1166
Continuous Improvement in Curriculum............................................................................. 1170
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1171
Curriculum and Instructional Alignment ............................................................................. 1175
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1176
Cultural Relevance in Curriculum ...................................................................................... 1180
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1181
Global Perspectives in Curriculum..................................................................................... 1185
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1186
Assessment Theories and Practices ................................................................................. 1190
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1191
Types of Educational Assessments ................................................................................... 1195
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1196
Formative vs. Summative Assessment .............................................................................. 1200
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1201

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

12
 Standardized Testing and Its Impact ................................................................................. 1205
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1206
Assessment Tools and Techniques ................................................................................... 1210
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1211
Designing Effective Assessments...................................................................................... 1215
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1216
Data-Driven Decision Making in Assessment .................................................................... 1220
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1221
Authentic Assessment Methods ........................................................................................ 1226
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1227
Grading Systems and Policies ........................................................................................... 1232
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1233
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1238
Ethics in Assessment ........................................................................................................ 1242
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1243
Trends and Innovations in Curriculum and Assessment .................................................... 1248
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1249
6. Teaching Methodology ................................................................................................ 1253
Overview of Teaching Methodologies ................................................................................ 1254
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1256
Traditional Teaching Methods ........................................................................................... 1260
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1263
Constructivist Teaching Approaches ................................................................................. 1267
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1268
Inquiry-Based Learning ..................................................................................................... 1272
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1274
Project-Based Learning ..................................................................................................... 1278
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1280
Problem-Based Learning ................................................................................................... 1284
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1286
Cooperative and Collaborative Learning............................................................................ 1290
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1291
Experiential Learning......................................................................................................... 1295
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1296
Differentiated Instruction ................................................................................................... 1300
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1301
Flipped Classroom Model .................................................................................................. 1305

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

13
 MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1306
Blended Learning .............................................................................................................. 1310
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1311
Direct Instruction: Enhancing Learning Through Structured Teaching ............................... 1315
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1316
The Socratic Method ......................................................................................................... 1320
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1321
Montessori Method ............................................................................................................ 1325
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1326
Waldorf Education ............................................................................................................. 1330
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1331
Role-Playing and Simulations............................................................................................ 1335
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1336
Use of Technology in Teaching ......................................................................................... 1340
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1341
E-Learning and Online Teaching Strategies ...................................................................... 1345
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1346
Gamification in Education .................................................................................................. 1350
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1351
Classroom Management Techniques ................................................................................ 1355
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1356
Inclusive Teaching Practices ............................................................................................. 1360
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1361
Culturally Responsive Teaching ........................................................................................ 1366
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1367
Scaffolding Techniques in Teaching .................................................................................. 1371
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1372
Teaching Critical Thinking Skills ........................................................................................ 1376
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1377
Active Learning Strategies................................................................................................. 1381
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1382
Assessment-Driven Instruction .......................................................................................... 1386
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1387
Student-Centered Learning ............................................................................................... 1391
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1392
Peer Teaching and Peer Learning ..................................................................................... 1396
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1397

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

14
 Reflective Teaching Practices ........................................................................................... 1401
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1402
Professional Development for Teachers ............................................................................ 1406
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1407
7. Classroom Management ............................................................................................. 1411
Introduction to Classroom Management ............................................................................ 1412
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1413
Classroom Management Theories..................................................................................... 1417
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1418
Creating a Positive Learning Environment ......................................................................... 1422
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1424
Classroom Rules and Procedures ..................................................................................... 1427
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1429
Establishing Classroom Norms ......................................................................................... 1433
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1435
Effective Communication in the Classroom ....................................................................... 1439
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1440
Building Teacher-Student Relationships ............................................................................ 1444
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1445
Behavior Management Strategies ..................................................................................... 1449
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1450
Preventive Classroom Management.................................................................................. 1454
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1455
Reactive Classroom Management..................................................................................... 1459
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1460
Managing Disruptive Behavior ........................................................................................... 1464
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1465
Conflict Resolution in the Classroom ................................................................................. 1469
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1470
Time Management in the Classroom ................................................................................. 1474
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1475
Organizational Skills for Teachers ..................................................................................... 1479
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1480
Classroom Seating Arrangements ..................................................................................... 1484
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1485
Motivational Strategies for Students .................................................................................. 1489
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1490

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

15
 Promoting Student Engagement ....................................................................................... 1494
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1496
Inclusive Classroom Practices ........................................................................................... 1500
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1501
Dealing with Diverse Learners........................................................................................... 1505
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1506
Classroom Discipline Techniques...................................................................................... 1510
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1511
Use of Technology in Classroom Management ................................................................. 1515
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1516
Culturally Responsive Classroom Management ................................................................ 1520
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1521
Stress Management for Teachers ..................................................................................... 1525
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1526
Developing Self-Discipline in Students .............................................................................. 1530
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1531
Developing Self-Discipline in Students .............................................................................. 1535
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1536
Monitoring and Assessment of Classroom Management ................................................... 1540
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1541
Peer Mediation and Support .............................................................................................. 1545
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1546
Classroom Management in Large Classes ........................................................................ 1550
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1551
Legal and Ethical Issues in Classroom Management ........................................................ 1555
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1556
Crisis Management in the Classroom ................................................................................ 1560
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1561
Professional Development in Classroom Management ..................................................... 1565
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1566
8. Educational Measurement and Evaluation .................................................................. 1570
Introduction to Educational Measurement ......................................................................... 1571
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1572
Theories of Educational Measurement .............................................................................. 1576
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1577
Principles of Educational Evaluation.................................................................................. 1581
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1582

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

16
 Types of Educational Assessments ................................................................................... 1586
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1587
Formative vs. Summative Evaluation ................................................................................ 1591
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1592
Standardized Testing ........................................................................................................ 1596
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1598
Criterion-Referenced vs. Norm-Referenced Tests ............................................................. 1602
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1604
Test Construction and Development ................................................................................. 1608
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1610
Reliability and Validity in Assessment ............................................................................... 1614
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1615
Item Analysis and Test Statistics ....................................................................................... 1619
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1620
Performance-Based Assessment ...................................................................................... 1624
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1625
Authentic Assessment Techniques.................................................................................... 1629
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1631
Rubrics and Scoring Guides .............................................................................................. 1634
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1636
Portfolio Assessment......................................................................................................... 1640
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1641
Diagnostic Testing ............................................................................................................. 1645
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1647
Classroom Assessment Techniques ................................................................................. 1651
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1652
Grading Systems and Policies ........................................................................................... 1656
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1657
Statistical Methods in Educational Measurement .............................................................. 1661
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1662
Measurement Scales and Units ......................................................................................... 1666
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1667
Data Collection Methods in Evaluation .............................................................................. 1671
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1672
Analyzing and Interpreting Assessment Data .................................................................... 1676
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1677
Use of Technology in Educational Measurement............................................................... 1681

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

17
 MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1682
Ethical Issues in Educational Evaluation ........................................................................... 1686
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1687
Feedback and Reporting in Evaluation .............................................................................. 1691
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1692
Impact of Assessments on Teaching and Learning ........................................................... 1696
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1697
Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness ................................................................................ 1701
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1702
Educational Program Evaluation ....................................................................................... 1706
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1707
Monitoring and Evaluation Frameworks............................................................................. 1711
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1712
Policy and Practice in Educational Assessment ................................................................ 1717
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1718
Trends and Innovations in Educational Measurement and Evaluation ............................... 1722
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1723
9. Research Techniques in Education ............................................................................. 1727
Introduction to Educational Research ................................................................................ 1728
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1729
Philosophical Foundations of Educational Research ......................................................... 1733
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1734
Quantitative Research Methods ........................................................................................ 1738
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1739
Qualitative Research Methods .......................................................................................... 1743
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1744
Mixed Methods Research .................................................................................................. 1748
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1749
Research Design in Education .......................................................................................... 1753
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1754
Experimental Research in Education................................................................................. 1758
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1759
Survey Research Methods ................................................................................................ 1763
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1764
Case Study Research ....................................................................................................... 1768
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1769
Ethnographic Research ..................................................................................................... 1773

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

18
 MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1774
Action Research in Education ........................................................................................... 1778
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1779
Historical Research in Education ....................................................................................... 1783
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1784
Longitudinal Studies .......................................................................................................... 1788
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1789
Sampling Techniques in Educational Research................................................................. 1793
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1795
Data Collection Methods ................................................................................................... 1799
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1801
Questionnaire Design and Administration.......................................................................... 1805
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1807
Interview Techniques ........................................................................................................ 1811
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1812
Focus Group Discussions ................................................................................................. 1817
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1818
Observational Research .................................................................................................... 1822
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1823
Content Analysis ............................................................................................................... 1827
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1829
Data Analysis in Quantitative Research............................................................................. 1833
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1835
Data Analysis in Qualitative Research ............................................................................... 1839
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1841
Statistical Techniques in Educational Research ................................................................ 1845
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1847
Validity and Reliability in Research.................................................................................... 1851
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1853
Ethical Considerations in Educational Research ............................................................... 1857
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1858
Writing and Presenting Research Proposals ..................................................................... 1862
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1863
Literature Review and Synthesis ....................................................................................... 1867
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1868
Research Reporting and Dissemination ............................................................................ 1872
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1873

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

19
 Evaluating Research Studies ............................................................................................ 1877
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1878
Emerging Trends in Educational Research ....................................................................... 1882
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1884
10. Educational System in Pakistan ................................................................................ 1888
Historical Development of Education in Pakistan............................................................... 1889
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1890
Structure of the Educational System ................................................................................. 1894
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1895
Primary Education in Pakistan ........................................................................................... 1899
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1900
Secondary Education in Pakistan ...................................................................................... 1904
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1905
Higher Secondary Education ............................................................................................. 1909
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1910
Tertiary Education and Universities ................................................................................... 1914
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1915
Technical and Vocational Education.................................................................................. 1919
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1920
The Madrassa Education System ...................................................................................... 1924
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1925
Curriculum Development and Reform ............................................................................... 1929
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1930
The Higher Education Commission ................................................................................... 1934
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1935
Educational Policies and Legislation ................................................................................. 1939
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1940
Private vs. Public Education Sectors ................................................................................. 1944
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1945
Gender Disparities in Education ........................................................................................ 1949
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1950
Literacy Rates and Adult Education................................................................................... 1954
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1955
Teacher Training and Professional Development .............................................................. 1959
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1960
Examination and Assessment Systems ............................................................................. 1964
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1965

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

20
 Quality Assurance in Education ......................................................................................... 1969
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1970
Educational Finance and Budgeting .................................................................................. 1974
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1975
Educational Infrastructure and Facilities ............................................................................ 1979
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1980
Language Policy in Education ........................................................................................... 1984
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1985
Inclusive Education and Special Needs ............................................................................. 1989
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1990
Rural vs. Urban Education................................................................................................. 1994
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 1995
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) ..................................................... 1999
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2000
Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Education .............................................................. 2004
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2005
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Education ....................................... 2009
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2010
Educational Challenges and Reforms ............................................................................... 2014
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2015
Early Childhood Education ................................................................................................ 2019
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2020
Vocational and Skills Development Programs ................................................................... 2024
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2025
International Collaboration and Educational Exchange...................................................... 2029
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2030
Future Prospects and Innovations in Education................................................................. 2034
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2035
11. Educational Guidance and Counselling ..................................................................... 2040
Introduction to Educational Guidance and Counselling ...................................................... 2041
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2042
Historical Perspectives of Guidance and Counselling ........................................................ 2046
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2047
Theories of Counselling ..................................................................................................... 2052
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2053
Role of Guidance Counsellors in Schools.......................................................................... 2057
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2058

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

21
 Counselling Techniques and Strategies ............................................................................ 2062
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2063
Career Counselling and Career Development ................................................................... 2067
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2068
Academic Advising and Support ........................................................................................ 2072
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2073
Personal and Social Counselling ....................................................................................... 2077
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2078
Group Counselling in Schools ........................................................................................... 2082
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2083
Counselling for Special Needs Students............................................................................ 2087
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2088
Crisis Intervention and Counselling ................................................................................... 2092
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2093
Ethical and Legal Issues in Educational Counselling ......................................................... 2097
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2098
Cultural Competence in Counselling ................................................................................. 2102
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2104
Developmental Guidance Programs .................................................................................. 2108
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2109
Assessment and Evaluation in Counselling ....................................................................... 2113
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2115
Parental Involvement in Guidance Programs..................................................................... 2118
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2119
Counselling for Mental Health Issues ................................................................................ 2123
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2124
Substance abuse prevention and counselling.................................................................... 2128
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2129
Counselling for Students with Learning Disabilities ........................................................... 2133
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2134
Counselling for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders ......................................................... 2138
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2139
Gender Issues in Educational Counselling ........................................................................ 2143
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2144
Role of Technology in Guidance and Counselling ............................................................. 2148
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2149
Counselling in Higher Education Institutions ...................................................................... 2153

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

22
 MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2154
Development of Counselling Programs ............................................................................. 2158
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2159
Supervision and Training of Counsellors ........................................................................... 2163
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2164
Research in Educational Counselling ................................................................................ 2168
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2169
School-Community Collaboration in Counselling ............................................................... 2173
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2174
Counselling for Transition and Adjustment Issues ............................................................. 2178
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2179
Evaluation of Guidance and Counselling Programs ........................................................... 2183
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2184
Future Trends in Educational Guidance and Counselling .................................................. 2188
MCQs ............................................................................................................................ 2189
PAST PAPERS ............................................................................................................... 2194
FPSC SST Past Papers 2023 ........................................................................................... 2195
FPSC Lecturer Test 31-12-2023........................................................................................ 2216
FPSC Lecturer Test 27-08-2023........................................................................................ 2257
FPSC Lecturer Test 04-09-2021........................................................................................ 2273
FPSC Lecturer Test 12-09-2021........................................................................................ 2300
FPSC Past Papers (Compilation Set – 1) .......................................................................... 2329
FPSC Past Papers (Compilation Set – 2) .......................................................................... 2350

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

23
 ENGLISH PORTION

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

24
 Part I Vocabulary, Grammar Usage and Sentence Structuring
When it comes to language proficiency assessments, four key components are often
evaluated: vocabulary, grammar, usage, and sentence structure. Each of these components
plays a crucial role in assessing an individual's language skills, and they are often assessed
separately to provide a comprehensive understanding of a person's linguistic abilities.

Vocabulary:
Vocabulary refers to the set of words that a person knows and uses in their language.
Assessing vocabulary involves evaluating an individual's ability to understand and use a wide
range of words, including their meanings, forms, and contexts. Vocabulary assessments may
include tasks such as:

1. Word Meaning:
Assessing the meaning of individual words, including synonyms, antonyms, and definitions.
2. Word Usage:
Evaluating how effectively a person uses vocabulary in context, including choosing the
appropriate word for a given situation.
3. Word Formation:
Testing knowledge of word forms, including prefixes, suffixes, and root words.
4. Contextual Understanding:
Assessing the ability to infer word meanings from context or use context clues to determine
the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Assessments of vocabulary often involve tasks such as multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-
blank exercises, and vocabulary matching activities. These tasks aim to measure both
receptive (understanding) and productive (use) aspects of vocabulary knowledge.

Grammar:
Grammar refers to the rules and structures that govern how words are used to form sentences
in a language. Assessing grammar involves evaluating an individual's understanding of these
rules and their ability to apply them correctly in spoken and written communication. Grammar
assessments may include tasks such as:

1. Sentence Structure:
Evaluating knowledge of sentence components, including subjects, verbs, objects, and
modifiers.
2. Verb Forms:
Assessing knowledge of verb tenses, moods, and forms, including regular and irregular verbs.

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

25
 3. Pronouns:
Testing understanding of pronoun usage, including subject, object, possessive, and reflexive
pronouns.
4. Articles and Determiners:
Evaluating knowledge of article usage (a, an, the) and determiners (this, that, these, those).
5. Agreement:
Assessing understanding of subject-verb agreement, pronoun-antecedent agreement, and
agreement in number and gender.

Grammar assessments often involve tasks such as error correction exercises, sentence
completion activities, and sentence transformation tasks. These tasks aim to measure both
declarative (knowledge) and procedural (application) aspects of grammar proficiency.

Usage:
Usage refers to the appropriate and effective use of language in various communicative
contexts. Assessing usage involves evaluating an individual's ability to use language
accurately, fluently, and appropriately in speaking and writing. Usage assessments may
include tasks such as:

1. Idiomatic Expressions:
Assessing knowledge of idiomatic expressions and collocations, including phrasal verbs and
fixed expressions.
2. Register and Style:
Evaluating the ability to use language registers and styles appropriate for different contexts,
such as formal, informal, academic, and professional.
3. Connotations and Nuances:
Testing understanding of the connotations and nuances of words and phrases, including
figurative language and idiomatic meanings.
4. Clarity and Precision:
Assessing the ability to communicate clearly and precisely, avoiding ambiguity, redundancy,
and wordiness.

Usage assessments often involve tasks such as dialogue completion exercises, error analysis
tasks, and writing samples. These tasks aim to measure pragmatic (contextual) aspects of
language use and the ability to adapt language to different communicative situations.
Sentence Structure:

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

26
 Sentence structure refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to form grammatically
correct and meaningful sentences. Assessing sentence structure involves evaluating an
individual's ability to construct sentences with appropriate syntax, punctuation, and cohesion.
Sentence structure assessments may include tasks such as:

1. Sentence Types:
Evaluating knowledge of different sentence types, including declarative, interrogative,
imperative, and exclamatory sentences.
2. Sentence Patterns:
Assessing understanding of sentence structures, including simple, compound, complex, and
compound-complex sentences.
3. Punctuation:
Testing knowledge of punctuation rules and conventions, including the use of commas,
periods, semicolons, colons, and quotation marks.
4. Sentence Combining:
Evaluating the ability to combine simple sentences into more complex structures using
coordination and subordination.

Sentence structure assessments often involve tasks such as sentence transformation

exercises, sentence jumbling activities, and punctuation correction tasks. These tasks aim to
measure syntactic (structural) aspects of language proficiency and the ability to produce
coherent and cohesive sentences.

In conclusion, assessments of vocabulary, grammar, usage, and sentence structure are

essential for evaluating language proficiency accurately and comprehensively. By assessing
each of these components separately, educators and test developers can gain valuable
insights into an individual's linguistic abilities and identify areas for improvement. These
assessments help ensure that language learners receive targeted instruction and support to
develop their language skills effectively.

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

27
 Synonyms
1. Which of the following words is a synonym variant for "examine"?
A) Investigate
B) Ignore
C) Defend
D) Dilute
Correct answer: A) Investigate
Explanation: "Examine" and "investigate" are synonymous, both referring to scrutinizing or
inspecting something closely.

2. Choose the correct synonym variant for "abundant":

A) Scarce
B) Plentiful
C) Limited
D) Sparse
Correct answer: B) Plentiful
Explanation: "Abundant" and "plentiful" are synonymous, indicating a large quantity or ample
supply of something.

3. Which word is a synonym variant for "precise"?

A) Inaccurate
B) Vague
C) Exact
D) Ambiguous
Correct answer: C) Exact
Explanation: "Precise" and "exact" are synonymous, both implying accuracy and attention
to detail.

4. Identify the synonym variant for "comprehend":

A) Misunderstand
B) Confuse
C) Grasp
D) Neglect

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

28
 Correct answer: C) Grasp
Explanation: "Comprehend" and "grasp" are synonymous, meaning to understand or
perceive something fully.

5. Which term is a synonym variant for "conclude"?

A) Initiate
B) Begin
C) Finish
D) Deduce
Correct answer: D) Deduce
Explanation: "Conclude" and "deduce" are synonymous, both indicating arriving at a
decision or inference based on evidence or reasoning.

6. Select the correct synonym variant for "efficient":

A) Inefficient
B) Effective
C) Slow
D) Unproductive
Correct answer: B) Effective
Explanation: "Efficient" and "effective" are synonymous, both suggesting achieving desired
results with minimal wasted effort or resources.

7. Which word is a synonym variant for "expand"?

A) Reduce
B) Contract
C) Decrease
D) Extend
Correct answer: D) Extend
Explanation: "Expand" and "extend" are synonymous, both indicating the act of making
something larger or more extensive.

8. Choose the correct synonym variant for "analyze":

A) Guess
B) Speculate

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

29
 C) Examine
D) Ignore
Correct answer: C) Examine
Explanation: "Analyze" and "examine" are synonymous, both suggesting a detailed and
systematic examination or investigation of something.

9. Identify the synonym variant for "demonstrate":

A) Hide
B) Conceal
C) Prove
D) Refute
Correct answer: C) Prove
Explanation: "Demonstrate" and "prove" are synonymous, both indicating showing or
providing evidence for something.

10. Which term is a synonym variant for "evaluate"?

A) Disregard
B) Neglect
C) Assess
D) Overlook
Correct answer: C) Assess
Explanation: "Evaluate" and "assess" are synonymous, both indicating the act of judging or
determining the value or significance of something through careful consideration.

11. Which of the following words is a synonym for "frequent"?

A) Occasional
B) Rare
C) Common
D) Infrequent
Correct answer: C) Common
Explanation: "Frequent" and "common" are synonymous, both indicating something that
occurs often or regularly.

FPSC – SST Guide – 2024 by Green Pakistani

30