7203

(i) Systemic and Pulmonary circulation

i) High and Low blood pressure
systems,
p) Salivary and pancreatic amylase

iv) Lymphokines and Cytokines

6.
6. Write about the homeostatic and endocrine

functions of the Kidney.

Write in detail about the physiological char-

acteristics and normal constituents of urine.

Also comment on the Common abnormal

constituents of urine rientioning then diag-

nostic importance.

Discuss briefly any two of the fallowing

Dual messenger hypothesis

(iy GProteins

i) Role of caBcium in hormong action

3 P.T.O.
 Mid-Term Examination 2016-17
M. Sc (Biochemistry) Semester 1

Paper BCH 503 Human Physiology

Time: 1 hour
Maximum marks 20
ote: Answer the following questions. Each question carries equal marks.

State whether true or false. Explain your answer in 2-3 lines: 1.5 x 4 6
) Catalytic activity of salivary amylase requires Mg ions.
Chylomicrons help in ferrying monoglycerides to the intestinal mucosa.
3 Achlorhydria can result in Bi2 deficiency.
Smokers often have a flushed appearance.

hEnlist the proteolytic enzymes secreted into the gastrointestinal tract. Why does
digestion of dietary protein require a number of proteolytic enzymes? (4)

*What is the origin and importance of the alkaline tide of digestion? (3)
number in circulation? (3)
x Describe the factors that determine the erythrocyte
of cells. Discuss. (4)
X Erythrocytes are very specialized type living

a Define active transport.

(3)
its role in maintenance of
b.Explain the mechanism of Nat/K+ ATPase and
(7)
electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane.

X Explain of proteins
the role in maintenance of cellular volume. (5)
control of acid base balance. (5)
KExplain the mechanism ofrespiratory
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF ALLAHABAD
Mid Semester- Examination 2017
M. Sc. Semester
Paper- Human Physiology BCH 503 MM 20
Answer any one question from each Unit. Each question carries 10 marks.

Unit 1:

1. Answer the following questions briefly:

a. Name one characteristic of each of the following levels of the human nervous system:
i. Spinal cord level
(1)
ii. Lower brain or subcortical level (1)
iii. Higher brain or cortical level. (1)
. Importance of one-way conductance of nerve impulse (1)
C. Characteristics of presynaptic terminals (1)
2. Describe the neural functions of the retina and the visual cycle. (5)
OR

1 Describe the role of G-proteins in the process of nerve transmission. (4)

2. Describe the mechanism of dark-light adaptation. How does color vision differ from black and
white vision? (6)
Unit 2:

1. A) State whether true or false. Elaborate upon your choice in 2-3 lines:
(1.5x4-6)
3. The human body is made up of about a hundred billion cells and about a billion neurons.
Homeodynamics is a term that explains the process of maintenance of internal
constancy of the living system better than Homeostasis.
C. The main stimulus to alimentary glandular secretion is through the sympathetic nervous
system.
d. Drugs that inhibit acid secretion in the stomach may lead to deficiency of vitamin C.

2. State the control systems that help in the process of homeostasis. Elaborate on the nature of
most control systems. (2)
3 Describe the formation of the chylomicrons. How are they absorbed and transported? (2)
OR

1. The extracellular fluid contributes more significantly to homeostasis than the intracellular fluid.
Why? (2)
2. What are the functions of saliva? Describe its formation and secretion by a salivary gland? (3)
3. What are the secretions of the oxyntic and pyloric cells? (3)
4.
4. Why is absorption of small peptides potentially harmful? In which situation is it desirable? (2)
 (Printed Pages 8) Roli No.
182510

PGM-45252
M.Sc. (Biochemistry) I Semester
Examination, 2017-18
Human Physiology
Paper: BCH 503
Time Allowed: Three
Hours] [Maximum Marks: 60

Note Answer any one question from each

Unit. Each unit carries 12 marks.

Unit-1

1 Answer the folowing questions: (2x6=12)

(a) Many cells of the body differ markedly

from each other but they all have some

common basic characteristics. Name

Some of these characteristics.

(b) Which contributes more to maintenance

of homeostasis, extracellular fluid or in-

tracellular fluid?

P.T.O
PGM-45252
(c) Name the secretions of the gastric
glands. Describe the origin of the post
prandial alkaline tide. How is it impor
tant for digestion in the intestine?

(d) What is the role of cholecystokinin and

secretin in the digestive process?
(e) How are monosaccharides formed dur-

ing digestion in the intestine and how

are they absorbed?.

(f) Why is the orali rehydration solution rec-

ommended for preventing the compli-

cations of diarrhea?

OR
2x6=12
Answer the following questions
main-
(a How do feedback systems help in
tenance of homeostasis? 2

b) Write a note on automaticity of the hu-

man body.

(e) What is the relatjonship between pepsi-

nogen and pepsin?1
digestion? ?
(d) What is the role of bile in fat

2
 PGM-45252
How is fat absorbed from the intestine
and transported in the blood?Z
e) How are proteins digested in the smali
intestine? How are they absorbed? 2

A) What is the role of gastrin in digestion? z2

Unit-2
2. (a) State whether the following statements

are true or false. Briefly state the rea-

Sons for your choice. (1.5x4=6)

(i) No nerve impulse can be gener-

ated during the refractory phase.

The obligodendroglia are respon-

sible for the immune function in the

CNS, while astrocytes provide the

myeiin sheath.

(il) For two Na+ ion that moves out

of the cell, three K+ move inside.

(iv) Propagation of nerve impulse in a

large myelinated nerve fiber can be

as much as 100 m per second.

3 P.T.O.
PGM-45252

(b) Describe the process of development

of the Nerve Action Potential. What is
the role of the positive afterpotentiai?
What is the ali or none principle? 6
OR
(a) State whether the following statements
are true or false. Briefly state the rea-
sons for your choice. 1.5x4 6
The sympathetic nervous system
is responsible for increase in flight
or fight response while the para-
sympathetic nervous system is re
sponsible for increase in gastric
motility. ' 5

The Resting membrane potential of

large nerve fibres is - 90 millivolts.

At the chemical synapse, the nerve

impulse can be conducted in both
directions.
(iv) There are three types of cones,
with three color pigments.S
 PGM-45252
(b) Describe the structure of a rod and ex-

plain its role in vision. How does rhodop-

sin decomposition decrease membrane

sodium conductance?

Unit-3
2x6=12
3. Answer the following questions:
(a) Why must hemoglobin be encased in
the red blood cell? What is its concen-

tration in human blood?

(b) How do white blood cells enter tissue

spaces? 2

Enumerate the functions of hemoglo-

(c)
bin in transport of gases in the blood.

(d) How is thrombin formed in the extrinsic

pathway for clotting of blood? 2

innate
What is the difference between

and acquired immunity?

Describe the structure of a typical IgG

antibody. 1
5 P.T.O.
 PGM-45252

OR
2x6=12
Answer the following questions
oxygenation
(a) Discuss the role of tissue

in red cell production.

formation.
Write a note on hemoglobin
(b)
sys
Describe the A-B-O blood group
(c)
and ag-
tem in relation to agglutinogens

glutinins.

What is the function

of the HLA com-
(d)
piex of antigens?
events in hemo-
Enumerate briefly the
(e)
stasis.
is specific
Describe how each antibody
(f)
for a particular antigen.

Unit-4
2 3
Describe the normal ECG?
A
4. Ja)
systems that
Name the three primary
) (b)
concentration in body
regulate the H*
and alkalosis.
acidosis
fluids to prevent

6
 How does PGM-45252
protein serve as an
tantintracellular buffer? 2 impor-
3
(c) Why is the
bicarbonate buffer system
the most
important extracellular buffer?
3
(d
(dHow do change in pH, temperature and
exercise affect release of
oxygen from
hemogiobin? 3
OR
(a) What is the most common
change that
ocCurs in the ECG in
myocardial infrac-
tion? 3
(b) State the isohydric principle of buffer

systems. 3
(c) How does the respiratory system con-

tribute to acid-base balance? 3

(d) Describe the oxygen-hemoglobin disso-

ciation curve and state its importance.

3

7 P.T.O
PGM-45252
Unit-5

kidney processes
What are the basic
5. (a) of
the compoSition the
determine
that
6
urine?
kidney in water
(b) What is the role of the
6
balance?

OR

State the significance

of the following
(a)
measurements

(i) Renal blood fiow

(i) Glomerular filtration rate

( Why are large amounts of solutes fil-

tered and then reabsorbed by the kid-

neys? How is this achieved?

8 60.
(Printed Pages 8) Roll No

PGM-71713
Mc. (Biochemistry) I Semester
Examination, 2018-19
Human Physiology
Paper: BCH 503

TimeAllowed: Thrde Hours [Maximum Marks: 60

Note: Answer any n e question from each Unit.

Each question arries 12 marks.
Un I
1. (a) State whether the following statements
are true or false, ging reasons for yout

choice in 2-3 lines: 1.5x4 6

Homeostatic proesses are auto

matic so they do not require en

ergy.
(i) Salivary secretion is under sympa
thetic control because it inuces va-
sodilation.
T.O.
 UNIT II

3. Derive Michaelis-Menten's equation for an enzyme

catalysed reaction. Mention its varied applications.

OR

/ Write notes on following

) Effect oftemperature on enzyme activity
(ii) Catalytic efficiency of an enzyme and factors
affecting it.

UNIT II

5./Differentiate enzyme inactivation from enzyme

inhibition. How does uncompetitive inhibition of

an enzyme take place. llusti ate its importance.

OR

6. Write short notes on following:

(a) Determination of Ki value

(b) Enzyme-structure complementarity and its

significance.
PGM-72182 (2)
 UNIT IV

7.ADefine enzymes. Describe their activation

processes with suitable examples.

OR

What is an active site ? How is it constructed ?

Discuss chemical modification of active-site

groups.

UNIT V

9 What are multi-enzyme complexes ? Describe the

reactions catalysed by any one of such enzymes.
Mention their significance.

OR

10. Define enzyme immobilization. Enumerate

different methods of immobilization and their
industrial applicátions.

PGM-72182 (3)
PGM-71713

OR

10. ( a What is urine? Can it be called an ultra-

fiate of plasma? Name the hormonesS

that regulate kidney function? 6

(b) How many itres of glomerular fluid is

produced everyay? How much is re-

absorbed? How does passive reabsorp-

tion of water occur? 6

8
60.
Printed Pages 3) Rol! No

2779
M.Sc. Biochemistry Ist Semester

Examination, 2014
Cell Biology
Paper: BCH-04
Time Allowed: Three Hours] (Maximum Marks : 60

Note: Attempt any five questions from the fol-

lowing. Each question carries equal

marks.
1 Describe ultrastructure of a living cell. Ex

plain the organisation of cellular components.

2 Write about the structure and functions of a

biomembrane. Discuss GPI-anchored pro

teins and their dynamism

P.T.O
 2779

Discuss different
ways of membrane
trarn
port of
macromolecules with suitable e
amples.
4. Explain the following
(i) Transcytosis and its
significance.
(i).Role of cholesterol in
biomembrane.
a

5. Describe compartmentalization
of higher cclls
and its significance.

6 Explain nuclear and mitochondrial export and

import of proteins. Mention the role of there

proteins.

7. Write about following

(i) Lysosome and secretory vesicles.

i ) Signal hypothesis.
8. Discuss cell-cycle. Explain the règulatory

steps and the factors involved in it.

2
 277
9 De:scribe t e following

(a) Structre dno runction| of uc-osomc.

b val e paradox.

Co-tra slatonal andpost träi1s.lational

modifiations of proteins.

100.
 (intesPages 2) Roll No

5373
M.Sc. Biochemistry {s
Serester
Examination, 20i5
Cell Biogy

Paper. ECH - D4

Time Aliowed: Three Hoursj [Haxin:um Mares :

Ncte: Attempt any sive

juestioi:s fro:m feiin-
ing. Each question carics equai marks.
Define a living celi. Iiscuss
organisat o: C
cellular
components n
diferent iving. :y
tems.
Discuss structure ant Finctión of
dit:re
sORSEtvenis ofabicogical.neritane
3. anat is GP-
anchore s: :tein? uT
their varied iuncicns. iov: io they
reguiate
membrane dynamics.

P.T.O.
 5373

4 How does memtrane transport of rn ro-

molecules take p:lace? Enumerate diffevent
transport systems and their significance. 12
Write shoit note: on following 6x2 12

(aExocytosis nd Endocytosis
(b) Nuclear expnrt and import of proteins.
6 what do you know about signal hypothesis?
How do cells communicate to each other?
Mention the significance of this phenomenon.
. 12 ::.

Define protein trafficking. How does it take

7 .

place in a biological ceBl?. Mention its role in

regulationofellilarpiystólogy.:"s"*12 12
8 Discuss cell
.
cycle u_ing y ast às a model sys-
tem: Mention ditferent factors which regu-

tatece!l-cycie:"* * "p
i*; *}
. 12
9 Write about following: 6x2 12

G) (Reassociation kinetics and its impor-

tance.
(b) Organisation of genetic material in
procaryotes and eucaryotes.

2 1CO.
 (PrintedPeges 3) Roll No.

8933
M.Sc. Biochemistry I Semester
Examination, 2015-16
Cell Biology

Paper: BCH 04
Time Alowed: Three Hours] [Maximum Marks : 60

Note: Attempt any five questions from follow

ing. Each question carries equal marks.

1. Illustrate the structural organisation of a

plant, bacteria and an animal celt. Write in

brief about the functions of their cellular com-

ponents.

2. Describe lipid bilayer and a biological mem-

brane assembly. Explain functions of differ-

ent:constituents of the membrane.

P.T.O.
 8933

3. Write notes on following 8. 8933

Write notcs on any two of the
(a) Asymmetry of a biologiçal membrane
following
(a) Regulation of cell
cycle
and its signficance
(b) Apoptosis
(b) Fluidity of a biological membrane and (c) Signaling.hypothesis
its significance. 9 Discuss, nucleosome structure
and its func-
4. Explain the mechanisms of tions.
membrane trans
port of micro and macro molecúles.

5 Write notes on following:

(a) Exocytosis and Endocytosis

(b) Phospholipase C and its functions

6 Describe the transport of proteins from en-

doplasmic reticulum & Golgi body and write
about its significance.

7 Discuss mitochondrial export and

importiof
proteins with suitable examples
2
3 130
 (Printed Pages 3) Roll No. 66S18

21198
M.Sc. (Biochemistry) ISemester
Examination 2016-17
Cell Biology

Paper BCH 504

Time Allowed: Three Hours] [Maximum Marks :60

Note: Answer a total of five questions. One

question from each Unit is compulsory.

Each question carries equal Marks.

Unit-I
1. Define sub-cellular organelle. Describe struc-
ture and function of mitochondria with suit-
ableillustrations.
OR
Define a biological cell. Explain the ultra-struc-

ture of a plant cell and explain the functionss

of its different sub- cellular organelles.

P.T.O.
 21198
Unit-II 21198
Unit-Iv
2. Write about asymmetric organization of a 4Ay Describe cell cycle. Indicate the
cell the structure and
checkpoints
membrañetDisciss in a cell cycle. Explain the
role of different
functions of different components of a cellu- factors regulating cell cycle.
lar membrane. OR

OR Describe meiosis and enumerate its signifi-

cance.
Discuss membrane transpört of
micro and
Unit-V
macromolecules. Write the significance of
Explain genetic organization in eukaryotic
membrane:transport.
systems. Enumerate structure and function
Unit-I¥I
of different histone proteins.
3AExpain mechanisms of mitochondrial export
OR
and import of proteins. Mention its signifi Write on
short rotes following:
cance. (i) Satelite DNA and its significance

OR (i) C-value paradox and its implications

What is 'signal hypothesis'? How different sig-

nal sequences present in a protein monitor

signaling pathway.

3 100.
2