TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PUMP
EXPERIMENT

Submitted by:

Aumentado, Anjocyl

Bauting, Abdullah

Cano, Angel May

Cuasay, John Russel

Rongavilla, Koohlyn

Villamarzo, Ken Laurence

Submitted to:

Engr. Alvin U. Gazo

Date Submitted:

June 29 , 2023
PUMP WHOLE SYSTEM
 EXPERIMENT NO .1
Pump Performance of a Single Pump Setup (Pump 2)

I. Objectives:

The main objective of the experiment is to determine the actual properties of water in the set-up and
the pump performance of a centrifugal pump in a single pump setup.

Among the parameters to be determined are the following:

ix. Actual Pump Capacity
x. Actual Total dynamic Head (TDH) of the centrifugal pump xi. Specific
Weight of water xii. Waterpower
xiii. Brake Power xiv. Pump Efficiency

xv. Electrical Power xvi. Motor

Efficiency

II. Equipment, Supplies and Materials:

1. Pump Learning System

2. Arduino and HMI System 3. Electric Measuring system
III. Equipment set-up Preparation:

1. Clean the equipment and remove any hazards.

2. Check the functionality of the valves in the system. Initially it should be in a closed position

(See figure for the closed position of the valve).

3. Open valve numbers 3, 10, & 12. The remaining valves shall be in a closed position.

See figure below, the green colors are open, while red colors are closed.
 4. Fill the lower reservoir with water using supply pipe from source or from faucet up to a level

indicated for initial filling.

5. Plug in the socket to the power source (220V supply).

6. Open the HMI System, then select single pump setup.

IV. Experiment Procedures:

1. Make sure that the set-up for the single pump experiment is ready.

2. Turn on the switch for Pump 1, and then Select the first speed button.

3. Wait for at least 2 minute to stabilize the operation before locking sensor values.

4. Record the values displayed.

5. Record the voltage and current supplied to the motor.

6. Tabulate the recorded data. Turn off the pump.

7. Make at least three trials.

8. Turn off the pump and the HMI system.

9. Unplug the power supply.

10. Remove the water in the upper and lower reservoir.

11. Return the Pump Learning System to its proper position.

V. Calculations

EQUATIONS FOR SINGLE PUMP SETUP

Total Dynamic 𝐻 = 𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 𝑉ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 𝐹ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑

Head
+ 𝑍ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
Pressure Head 𝑃𝑑 − 𝑃𝑠
𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝛾

Velocity Head 𝑉2
𝑉ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 2 𝑔
 Friction Head 𝐹ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 + 𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟

Major Friction Loss 𝑓𝐿𝑉2

𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑔𝐷

Minor Friction Loss 𝐾𝑉2

𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑔

Reynold’s Number 𝜌𝑉𝐷

𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
Friction Factor 0.316
𝑓=
𝑅𝑒0.25
Water Velocity 𝑄𝑉
=
𝐴
Pipe Area 𝜋𝐷2
𝐴=
4
Specific Weight of 𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔
Water

Water Power 𝑊𝑃 = 𝑄𝛾𝐻

Electrical Power 𝐸𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
Pump Efficiency 𝑊𝑃
𝜂𝑝 =
𝐵𝑃
Motor Efficiency 𝐵𝑃
𝜂𝑚 =
𝐸𝑃
Overall Efficiency 𝑊𝑃
𝜂𝑇 =
𝐸𝑃

CONSTANTS FOR SINGLE PUMP SETUP

Description Symbol Values Unit

Pipe Diameter D 25.4 mm
Pipe Length at L1 2.2005 m
Height 1
Pipe Length at L2 2.4605 m
Height 2
Gravitational
Acceleration g 9.81 m/s^2
Minor Loss K 9.19
Coefficient
Elevation Head at
Height Z1 1 m
1
Elevation Head at
Height Z2 1.26 m
2
 1. Using a steam table, determine the density of water based on the measured temperature

of water. Compute the corresponding specific weight of water.

2. Using the water viscosity table, compute the water viscosity based on the measured

temperature of water.

3. With the measured flow rate, compute the water velocity. Then, compute the

corresponding velocity head.

4. With the measured pressure at the suction and discharge ports, compute the

corresponding pressure heads at the suction and at the discharge ports.

5. With the computed velocity heads and pressure heads at the suction and at the discharge

ports, calculated the Total Dynamic Head of the pump.

6. Calculate the total friction loss in the pipelines using the constants and appropriate

equations for the single pump setup.

7. Using the corresponding elevation heads with respect to the workspace height and the

calculated friction loss, calculate the TDH of the entire pump system.

8. Calculate the waterpower using the formula provided.

9. With the recorded capacity, determine the brake power by plotting it on Flow rate -

Brake Power curve (see Appendix C).

10. With the measured voltage and current supplied to the motor, calculate the Electrical

Power supplied to the motor.

11. Calculate the pump efficiency, motor efficiency, and overall efficiency.

12. With the measured Pump Capacity, form a pump characteristic curve using the obtained

corresponding Head, Power and Efficiency.

13. Tabulate the calculated results.

VI. Analysis and Interpretations

With the measured and calculated data, make an analysis regarding the pump
performance. Compare results from testing to values obtained using the pump characteristic
curves.
Data Results Using Pump No. 2:

FLOW RATE 30 L 40 L 50 L
1 minute and 1 minute and 1 minute and
TIME
2.12 seconds 26.63 seconds 50.76 seconds

PRESSURE 7 psi 8 psi 7 psi

VOLTAGE 235 - 236 V 234 - 235 V 233 -234 V

CURRENT 0.6 A 0.6 A 0.6 A

VII. Conclusions

Based on the provided data from Experiment 1 using Pump 2, we can observe the
following changes on Time, Pressure, Voltage, and Current as the volume increases from 30
Liters to 50 Liters.

As the number of liters increases, the time required to pump the specified volume also
increases. This indicates a positive correlation between the volume of liquid pumped and the
time required. Next is the pressure in which the volume of liquid pumped does not appear to
significantly affect the pressure in this experiment. The voltage readings range from 233 V to
236 V. Although there are slight variations, the overall voltage remains relatively stable as the
volume of liquid pumped increases. Lastly, the current remains constant at 0.6 A throughout all
the experiments, regardless of the volume of liquid pumped.

In conclusion, based on the data provided, it appears that the time required to pump a
specific volume of liquid increases as the volume itself increases. The pressure remains
relatively constant, while the voltage and current values remain consistent throughout the
experiment.
 EXPERIMENT NO. 2A
Pump Performance of a Series Pump Setup (Pump 1 to 2)

I. Objectives:

The main objective of the experiment is to determine the actual properties of water in the set-
up and the pump performance of a centrifugal pump in a series pump setup. Among the
parameters to be determined are the following:
i. Actual Pump Capacity
ii. Actual Total dynamic Head (TDH) of the centrifugal pump iii. Specific Weight
of water iv. Waterpower
v. Brake Power vi. Pump
Efficiency vii. Electrical Power
viii. Motor Efficiency
II. Equipment, Supplies and Materials:

1. Pump Learning System

2. Arduino and HMI System
3. Electric Measuring system
III. Equipment set-up Preparation

1. Clean the equipment and remove any hazards.

2. Check the functionality of the valves in the system. Initially it should be in a closed position

(See figure for the closed position of the valve).

3. Open valve numbers 1, 5, 6, 7, 10, & 12. The remaining valves shall be in a closed position.

See figure below, the green colors are open, while red colors are closed.
 4. Fill the lower reservoir with water using supply pipe from source or from faucet up to a level

indicated for initial filling.

5. Plug in the socket to the power source (220V supply).

6. Open the HMI System, then select single pump setup.

IV. Experiment Procedures:

1. Make sure that the set-up for the series pump experiment is ready.

2. Select the first speed for pump 1 and 2. Turn on the switch for Pump 1 then after a few

seconds, turn on the switch for pump 2.

3. Wait for at least 2 minute to stabilize the operation before locking sensor values.

4. Record the values displayed.

5. Record the voltage and current supplied to the motors.

6. Tabulate the recorded data. Turn off the pump.

7. Make at least three trials.

8. Turn off the pump and the HMI system.

9. Unplug the power supply.

10. Remove the water in the upper and lower reservoir.

11. Return the Pump Learning System to its proper position.

V. Calculations

EQUATIONS FOR SERIES PUMP SETUP

Total Dynamic 𝐻 = 𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 𝑉ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 𝐹ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑

Head
+ 𝑍ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
Pressure Head 𝑃𝑑 − 𝑃𝑠
𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝛾
 Velocity Head 𝑉2
𝑉ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 2 𝑔

Friction Head 𝐹ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 + 𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟

Major Friction 𝑓𝐿𝑉2

Loss
𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑔𝐷

Minor Friction 𝐾𝑉2

Loss
𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑔

Reynold’s Number 𝜌𝑉𝐷

𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
Friction Factor 0.316
𝑓=
𝑅𝑒0.25
Water Velocity 𝑄
𝑉=
𝐴
Pipe Area 𝜋𝐷2
𝐴=
4
Specific Weight of 𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔
Water

Water Power 𝑊𝑃 = 𝑄𝛾𝐻

Electrical Power 𝐸𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
Pump Efficiency 𝑊𝑃
𝜂𝑝 =
𝐵𝑃

Motor Efficiency 𝐵𝑃
𝜂𝑚 =
𝐸𝑃
Overall Efficiency 𝑊𝑃
𝜂𝑇 =
𝐸𝑃

CONSTANTS FOR SERIES PUMP SETUP

Description Symbol Values Unit

Pipe Diameter D 25.4 mm
Pipe Length from
Pump L1 1.2105 m
1 to 2
Pipe Length from
Pump L2 2.0505 m
2 to Upper Tank
(H1)
Pipe Length from
Pump L2’ 2.3105 m
2 to Upper Tank
(H2)
 Gravitational
Acceleration g 9.81 m/s^2
Minor Loss
Coefficient from K1 10.32
Pump 1 to 2
Minor Loss
Coefficient from
Pump 2 to Upper K2 7.76
Tank
Elevation Head from
Pump 1 to 2 Z1 0.1 m
Elevation Head
from
Pump 2 to Upper Z2 1 m
Tank
(H1)
Elevation Head
from
Pump 2 to Upper Z2’ 1.26 m
Tank
(H2)

1. Using a steam table, determine the density of water based on the measured temperature

of water. Compute the corresponding specific weight of water.

2. Using the water viscosity table, compute the water viscosity based on the measured

temperature of water.

3. With the measured flow rate, compute the water velocity. Then, compute the

corresponding velocity head.

4. With the measured pressure at the suction and discharge ports of pump 1, compute the

corresponding pressure heads at the suction and at the discharge ports.

5. With the computed velocity heads and pressure heads at the suction and at the discharge

ports, calculated the Total Dynamic Head of the pump 1.

6. Calculate the total friction loss in the pipelines from pump 1 to pump 2 using the constants

and appropriate equations.

7. Using the elevation head from pump 1 to pump 2 calculate the TDH.

8. Repeat steps 5-7 but using the values from ‘pump 2 to upper tank’.

9. Add the two computed TDH to get the Total Dynamic Head of the entire system.

10. Calculate the waterpower using the formula provided.

11. With the recorded capacity, determine the brake power by plotting it on Flow rate -

Brake Power curve (see Appendix C).

12. With the measured voltage and current supplied to the motor, calculate the Electrical
Power supplied to the motor.

13. Calculate the pump efficiency, motor efficiency, and overall efficiency.

14. With the measured Pump Capacity, form a pump characteristic curve using the obtained

corresponding Head, Power and Efficiency.

15. Tabulate the calculated results.

VI. Analysis and Interpretations

With the measured and calculated data, make an analysis regarding the pump
performance. Compare results from testing to values obtained using the pump characteristic
curve.

FLOW RATE 30 L 40 L 50 L
1 minute and 1 minute and
TIME 48.65 seconds
03.71 seconds 50.76 seconds
Pump 1 Pump 1 Pump 1
7 psi 7 psi 7 psi
PRESSURE
Pump 2 Pump 2 Pump 2
14 psi 14 psi 14 psi

VOLTAGE 235 235 236

CURRENT 0.6 A 0.6 A 0.6 A

VII. Conclusions

The time taken to pump the liquid increased as the volume of liquid being pumped increased.
This indicates a positive correlation between the volume of liquid and the time required for pumping.

The pressure readings for both Pump 2 and Pump 1 remained constant at 14 psi and 7 psi,
respectively, throughout the experiment. This suggests that the pressure difference between the two
pumps remained consistent during the pumping process.

The voltage readings remained relatively stable at 235 volts and 236 volts, while the current
remained constant at 0.6 amperes for all three measurements. This indicates a consistent power supply
and current draw for the pumps.

Therefore, we conclude that increasing the volume of liquid being pumped from Pump 1 to Pump
2 results in a proportional increase in the time required for pumping, while the pressure, voltage, and
current values remained constant. This suggests that the pumping system was operating under
consistent conditions throughout the experiment.
 EXPERIMENT NO. 2B
Pump Performance of a Series Pump Setup (Pump 2 to 1)

I. Objectives:

The main objective of the experiment is to determine the actual properties of water in the set-
up and the pump performance of a centrifugal pump in a series pump setup. Among the
parameters to be determined are the following:
i. Actual Pump Capacity
ii. Actual Total dynamic Head (TDH) of the centrifugal pump iii. Specific
Weight of water iv. Waterpower
v. Brake Power vi. Pump
Efficiency vii. Electrical Power
viii. Motor Efficiency
II. Equipment, Supplies and Materials:

1. Pump Learning System

2. Arduino and HMI System
3. Electric Measuring system
III. Equipment set-up Preparation

1. Clean the equipment and remove any hazards.

2. Check the functionality of the valves in the system. Initially it should be in a closed

position (See figure for the closed position of the valve).

3. Open valve numbers 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, & 11. The remaining valves shall be in a closed

position. See figure below, the green colors are open, while red colors are closed.
 4. Fill the lower reservoir with water using supply pipe from source or from faucet up to

a level indicated for initial filling.

5. Plug in the socket to the power source (220V supply).

6. Open the HMI System, then select single pump setup.

IV. Experiment Procedures:

1. Make sure that the set-up for the series pump experiment is ready.

2. Select the first speed for pump 1 and 2. Turn on the switch for Pump 2 then after a few

seconds, turn on the switch for pump 1.

3. Wait for at least 2 minute to stabilize the operation before locking sensor values.

4. Record the values displayed.

5. Record the voltage and current supplied to the motors.

6. Tabulate the recorded data. Turn off the pump.

7. Make at least three trials.

8. Turn off the pump and the HMI system.

9. Unplug the power supply.

10. Remove the water in the upper and lower reservoir.

11. Return the Pump Learning System to its proper position.

V. Calculations

EQUATIONS FOR SERIES PUMP SETUP

Total Dynamic 𝐻 = 𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 𝑉ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 𝐹ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑

Head
+ 𝑍ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
Pressure Head 𝑃𝑑 − 𝑃𝑠
𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝛾
 Velocity Head 𝑉2
𝑉ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 2 𝑔

Friction Head 𝐹ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 + 𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟

Major Friction 𝑓𝐿𝑉2

Loss
𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑔𝐷

Minor Friction 𝐾𝑉2

Loss
𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑔

Reynold’s Number 𝜌𝑉𝐷

𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
Friction Factor 0.316
𝑓=
𝑅𝑒0.25
Water Velocity 𝑄
𝑉=
𝐴
Pipe Area 𝜋𝐷2
𝐴=
4
Specific Weight of 𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔
Water

Water Power 𝑊𝑃 = 𝑄𝛾𝐻

Electrical Power 𝐸𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼

Pump Efficiency 𝑊𝑃
𝜂𝑝 =
𝐵𝑃
Motor Efficiency 𝐵𝑃
𝜂𝑚 =
𝐸𝑃
Overall Efficiency 𝑊𝑃
𝜂𝑇 =
𝐸𝑃

CONSTANTS FOR SERIES PUMP SETUP

Description Symbol Values Unit

Pipe Diameter D 25.4 mm
Pipe Length from
Pump L1 1.2105 m
2 to 1
Pipe Length from
Pump L2 2.0505 m
1 to Upper Tank
(H1)
Pipe Length from
Pump L2’ 2.3105 m
 1 to Upper Tank
(H2)
Gravitational
Acceleration g 9.81 m/s^2
Minor Loss
Coefficient from K1 10.32
Pump 2 to 1
Minor Loss
Coefficient from
Pump 1 to Upper K2 7.76
Tank
Elevation Head from
Pump 2 to 1 Z1 0.1 m
Elevation Head
from
Pump 1 to Upper Z2 1 m
Tank
(H1)
Elevation Head
from
Pump 1 to Upper Z2’ 1.26 m
Tank
(H2)

1. Using a steam table, determine the density of water based on the measured temperature

of water. Compute the corresponding specific weight of water.

2. Using the water viscosity table, compute the water viscosity based on the measured

temperature of water.

3. With the measured flow rate, compute the water velocity. Then, compute the

corresponding velocity head.

4. With the measured pressure at the suction and discharge ports of pump 2, compute the

corresponding pressure heads at the suction and at the discharge ports.

5. With the computed velocity heads and pressure heads at the suction and at the discharge

ports, calculated the Total Dynamic Head of the pump 2.

6. Calculate the total friction loss in the pipelines from pump 2 to pump 1 using the constants

and appropriate equations.

7. Using the elevation head from pump 2 to pump 1 calculate the TDH.

8. Repeat steps 5-7 but using the values from ‘pump 1 to upper tank’.

9. Add the two computed TDH to get the Total Dynamic Head of the entire system.

10. Calculate the waterpower using the formula provided.

11. With the recorded capacity, determine the brake power by plotting it on Flow rate -

Brake Power curve (see Appendix C).

 12. With the measured voltage and current supplied to the motor, calculate the Electrical

Power supplied to the motor.

13. Calculate the pump efficiency, motor efficiency, and overall efficiency.

14. With the measured Pump Capacity, form a pump characteristic curve using the obtained

corresponding Head, Power and Efficiency.

15. Tabulate the calculated results.

VI. Analysis and Interpretations

With the measured and calculated data, make an analysis regarding the pump
performance. Compare results from testing to values obtained using the pump characteristic
curves.

FLOW RATE 40 L 50 L
1 minute and 1 minute and
TIME
03.71 seconds 50.76 seconds

Pump 1 Pump 1
8 psi 8 psi
PRESSURE
Pump 2 Pump 2
9 psi 9 psi

VOLTAGE 234 234

CURRENT 0.5 A 0.5 A

VII. Conclusions

Based on the data provided, we can observed a changes in the transfer of liquid from Pump 2
to Pump 1. Firstly, it is evident that the time required for the transfer also shows a corresponding
increase. Initially, the process takes 51.19 seconds, and as the volume increases to 50 liters, the
duration extends to 1 minute and 3.48 seconds. This prolonged duration suggests that as more liquid
is being transferred, the time required for the transfer also escalates.

Interestingly, the pressure remains constant throughout the transfer process. Pump 1
consistently maintains a pressure of 8 psi, while Pump 2 maintains a pressure of 9 psi. The
unchanging pressure levels suggest that the system is designed to maintain a stable pressure
environment during the transfer, regardless of the volume and time involved.

In addition to the volume and time parameters, the electrical aspects of the system also exhibit
stability. The voltage remains constant at 234 V, while the current remains consistent at 0.5 A. This
indicates that the electrical components powering the pumps maintain a steady output, unaffected by
the changes in volume and time during the transfer process.

In conclusion, the provided data reveals a systematic pattern in the transfer of liquid from Pump
2 to Pump 1. The volume and time parameters gradually increase, while the pressure and electrical
parameters remain constant. This systematic pattern suggests a well-designed and controlled transfer
process, ensuring efficient and consistent liquid transfer between the two pumps.
 EXPERIMENT NO. 3
Pump Performance of a Parallel Pump Setup

I. Objectives:

The main objective of the experiment is to determine the actual properties of water in the set-
up and the pump performance of a centrifugal pump in a parallel pump setup. Among the
parameters to be determined are the following:
i. Actual Pump Capacity
ii. Actual Total dynamic Head (TDH) of the centrifugal pump iii. Specific Weight
of water iv. Waterpower
v. Brake Power vi. Pump
Efficiency vii. Electrical Power
viii. Motor Efficiency
II. Equipment, Supplies and Materials:

1. Pump Learning System

2. Arduino and HMI System
3. Electric Measuring system
III. Equipment set-up Preparation

1. Clean the equipment and remove any hazards.

2. Check the functionality of the valves in the system. Initially it should be in a closed position

(See figure for the closed position of the valve).

3. Open valve numbers 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, & 12. The remaining valves shall be in a closed

position. See figure below, the green colors are open, while red colors are closed.
 4. Fill the lower reservoir with water using supply pipe from source or from faucet up to a level

indicated for initial filling.

5. Plug in the socket to the power source (220V supply).

6. Open the HMI System, then select single pump setup.

IV. Experiment Procedures:

1. Make sure that the set-up for the parallel pump experiment is ready.

2. Select the first speed for pump 1 and 2. Turn on the switch for Pump 1 and 2.

3. Wait for at least 2 minute to stabilize the operation before locking sensor values.

4. Record the values displayed.

5. Record the voltage and current supplied to the motors.

6. Tabulate the recorded data. Turn off the pump.

7. Make at least three trials.

8. Turn off the pump and the HMI system.

9. Unplug the power supply.

10. Remove the water in the upper and lower reservoir.

11. Return the Pump Learning System to its proper position.

V. Calculations

EQUATIONS FOR PARALLEL PUMP SETUP

Total Dynamic 𝐻 = 𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 𝑉ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 𝐹ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑

Head
+ 𝑍ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
Pressure Head 𝑃𝑑 − 𝑃𝑠
𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝛾

Velocity Head 𝑉2
𝑉ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 2 𝑔
 Friction Head 𝐹ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 + 𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟

Major Friction Loss 𝑓𝐿𝑉2

𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑔𝐷

Minor Friction Loss 𝐾𝑉2

𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑔

Reynold’s Number 𝜌𝑉𝐷

𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
Friction Factor 0.316
𝑓=
𝑅𝑒0.25
Water Velocity 𝑄𝑉
=
𝐴
Pipe Area 𝜋𝐷2
𝐴=
4
Specific Weight of 𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔
Water

Water Power 𝑊𝑃 = 𝑄𝛾𝐻

Electrical Power 𝐸𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
Pump Efficiency 𝑊𝑃
𝜂𝑝 =
𝐵𝑃
Motor Efficiency 𝐵𝑃
𝜂𝑚 =
𝐸𝑃
Overall Efficiency 𝑊𝑃
𝜂𝑇 =
𝐸𝑃

CONSTANTS FOR PARALLEL PUMP

SETUP
Description Symbol Values Unit
Pipe Diameter D 25.4 mm
Pipe Length (H1) L1 3.2305 m
Pipe Length (H2) L2 3.7505 m
Gravitational
Acceleration g 9.81 m/s^2
Minor Loss K 18.2
Coefficient
Elevation Head Z1 1 m
(H1)
Elevation Head Z2 1.26 m
(H2)
 1. Using a steam table, determine the density of water based on the measured temperature

of water. Compute the corresponding specific weight of water.

2. Using the water viscosity table, compute the water viscosity based on the measured

temperature of water.

3. With the measured flow rate for pump 1 and 2, compute the total flow rate by adding the

values of the two. water velocity for pump 1 and 2.

4. Compute the corresponding velocity head for the total flow rate.

5. With the measured pressure at the suction and discharge ports of the pumps, compute the

corresponding pressure heads at the suction and at the discharge ports.

6. With the computed velocity heads and pressure heads at the suction and at the discharge

ports, calculated the Total Dynamic Head of the pumps.

7. Calculate the total friction loss in the pipelines using the constants and appropriate

equations.

8. Using the elevation head at the corresponding workspace height, calculate the TDH of the

entire system.

9. Calculate the waterpower using the formula provided.

10. With the recorded capacity, determine the brake power by plotting it on Flow rate -

Brake Power curve (see Appendix C).

11. With the measured voltage and current supplied to the motor, calculate the Electrical

Power supplied to the motor.

12. Calculate the pump efficiency, motor efficiency, and overall efficiency.

13. With the measured Pump Capacity, form a pump characteristic curve using the obtained

corresponding Head, Power and Efficiency.

14. Tabulate the calculated results.

VI. Analysis and Interpretations

With the measured and calculated data, make an analysis regarding the pump
performance. Compare results from testing to values obtained using the pump characteristic
curves.
 FLOW RATE 40 L 50 L

1 minute and
TIME 48.58 seconds
02.24 seconds

Pump 1 Pump 1
5.5 psi 5.5 psi
PRESSURE
Pump 2 Pump 2
8 psi 8 psi

VOLTAGE 233 233

CURRENT 0.5 A 0.5 A

VII. Conclusions

Pumping volume: In the first trial, 40 liters are pumped; in the second trial, 50 liters are pumped.
This suggests that in the second trial, the pump system can handle a bigger volume of fluid.
The first trial required 00:48.58 to pump the fluid, while the second trial required It gets longer till
1:02.24. According to this, the pump system requires more time to complete the When working with a
bigger amount of fluid, the pumping procedure.
The pressure remains the same at 5.5 at both points (Pressure 1 and Pressure 2). And 8, in the
two trials, respectively. This shows that the pump system keeps a steady pressure. Independent of the
amount being pumped, pressure level.
At 233 volts and 0.5, the voltage and current values are unchanged. Amps in each of the trials,
respectively. This implies that the pump’s electrical properties, regardless of the amount of fluid being
pushed, the system remains unaltered.

In conclusion, a parallel pump system has a number of benefits for improving pump efficiency.
By running several pumps simultaneously, it offers a greater capacity to meet system needs or
overcome pressure losses. This increases flow rate. Parallel pumps’ redundancy ensures system
dependability and reduces downtime. Additionally, the configuration increases system flexibility
 EXPERIMENT NO .4
Effect of Variable Speed on Pump Performance

I. Objectives:

The main objective of the experiment is to determine the actual properties of water in the set-
up and effect of varying speeds on the pump performance of a centrifugal pump in a single
pump setup. Among the parameters to be determined are the following:
i. Actual Pump Capacity
ii. Actual Total dynamic Head (TDH) of the centrifugal pump
iii. Specific Weight of water
iv. Waterpower
v. Brake Power
vi. Pump Efficiency
vii. Electrical Power
viii. Motor Efficiency
II. Equipment, Supplies and Materials:

1. Pump Learning System

2. Arduino and HMI System 3. Electric Measuring system
III. Equipment set-up Preparation:

1. Clean the equipment and remove any hazards.

2. Check the functionality of the valves in the system. Initially it should be in a closed

position (See figure for the closed position of the valve).

3. Open valve numbers 1, 9, & 11. The remaining valves shall be in a closed position.

See figure below, the green colors are open, while red colors are closed.
 4. Fill the lower reservoir with water using supply pipe from source or from faucet up

to a level indicated for initial filling.

5. Plug in the socket to the power source (220V supply).

6. Open the HMI System, then select single pump setup.

IV. Experiment Procedures:

1. Make sure that the set-up for the single pump experiment is ready.

2. Turn on the switch for Pump 1, and then Select the first speed button.

3. Wait for at least 2 minute to stabilize the operation before locking sensor values.

4. Record the values displayed.

5. Record the voltage and current supplied to the motor.

6. Tabulate the recorded data. Turn off the pump.

7. Make at least three trials.

8. Repeat steps 2-7 at speed 2.

9. Repeat steps 2-7 at speed 3.

10. Turn off the pump and the HMI system.

11. Unplug the power supply.

12. Remove the water in the upper and lower reservoir.

13. Return the Pump Learning System to its proper position.

V. Calculations

EQUATIONS FOR SINGLE PUMP SETUP

Total Dynamic 𝐻 = 𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 𝑉ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 𝐹ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑

Head
+ 𝑍ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
Pressure Head 𝑃𝑑 − 𝑃𝑠
𝑃ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝛾
 Velocity Head 𝑉2
𝑉ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 2 𝑔

Friction Head 𝐹ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 + 𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟

Major Friction Loss 𝑓𝐿𝑉2

𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑔𝐷

Minor Friction Loss 𝐾𝑉2

𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑔

Reynold’s Number 𝜌𝑉𝐷

𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
Friction Factor 0.316
𝑓=
𝑅𝑒0.25
Water Velocity 𝑄𝑉
=
𝐴
Pipe Area 𝜋𝐷2
𝐴=
4
Specific Weight of 𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔
Water

Water Power 𝑊𝑃 = 𝑄𝛾𝐻

Electrical Power 𝐸𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
Pump Efficiency 𝑊𝑃
𝜂𝑝 =
𝐵𝑃
Motor Efficiency 𝐵𝑃
𝜂𝑚 =
𝐸𝑃
Overall Efficiency 𝑊𝑃
𝜂𝑇 =
𝐸𝑃

CONSTANTS FOR SINGLE PUMP SETUP

Description Symbol Values Unit

Pipe Diameter D 25.4 mm
Pipe Length at L1 2.2005 m
Height 1
Pipe Length at L2 2.4605 m
Height 2
Gravitational
Acceleration g 9.81 m/s^2
Minor Loss K 9.19
Coefficient
Elevation Head at
Height Z1 1 m
1
 Elevation Head at
Height Z2 1.26 m
2

1. Using a steam table, determine the density of water based on the measured temperature

of water. Compute the corresponding specific weight of water.

2. Using the water viscosity table, compute the water viscosity based on the measured

temperature of water.

3. With the measured flow rate, compute the water velocity. Then, compute the

corresponding velocity head.

4. With the measured pressure at the suction and discharge ports, compute the

corresponding pressure heads at the suction and at the discharge ports.

5. With the computed velocity heads and pressure heads at the suction and at the discharge

ports, calculated the Total Dynamic Head of the pump.

6. Calculate the total friction loss in the pipelines using the constants and appropriate

equations for the single pump setup.

7. Using the corresponding elevation heads with respect to the workspace height and the

calculated friction loss, calculate the TDH of the entire pump system.

8. Calculate the waterpower using the formula provided.

9. With the recorded capacity, determine the brake power by plotting it on Flow rate -

Brake Power curve (see Appendix C).

10. With the measured voltage and current supplied to the motor, calculate the Electrical

Power supplied to the motor.

11. Calculate the pump efficiency, motor efficiency, and overall efficiency.

12. With the measured Pump Capacity, form a pump characteristic curve using the obtained

corresponding Head, Power and Efficiency.

13. Tabulate the calculated results.

14. Repeat steps 3-13 using the values recorded at speed 2.

15. Repeat steps 3-13 using the values recorded at speed 3.

 VI. Analysis and Interpretations

With the measured and calculated data, make an analysis regarding the pump
performance. Compare results from testing to values obtained using the pump characteristic
curves.
TEST 1
FLOW RATE 40 L 50 L
2 minutes:01
TIME 1 minute:32 seconds:87
seconds:80
PRESSURE 6.5 psi 8 psi
VOLTAGE 217 V 236 V
CURRENT 0.05 A 0.05 A

TEST 2
FLOW RATE 40 L 50 L
TIME 1 minute:32 seconds:18 1 minute:54 seconds:57
PRESSURE 6.5 psi 8 psi
VOLTAGE 217 V 236 V
CURRENT 0.05 A 0.05 A

VII. Conclusions

In conclusion, the experiment aimed to determine the actual properties of water in the set-up
and the effect of varying speeds on the pump performance of a centrifugal pump in a single pump
setup. The actual pump capacity, actual total dynamic head of the centrifugal pump, specific weight of
water, waterpower, braking power, pump efficiency, electrical power, and motor efficiency are some of
the variables that need to be determined.

The data from the experiment shows that in test 1 and test 2 have the same pump capacity
which is 40 liters in trial 1 and 50 liters in trial 2, it also appears that the pressure 6.5 psi and 8 psi,
voltage 217 V and 236 V, and current both 0.05 A remained consistent across both tests. However,
there were differences in the time taken to achieve the desired flow rate between test I and test II. In
test I the 2nd trial took longer to reach the desired flow rate compared to the 1st trial and in test II, the
2nd trial also took longer to reach the desired flow rate compared to the 1st trial indicating that there
might be an increase in the pump's efficiency at higher speeds. This experiment showed that as the
pump's capacity increased it became faster and more efficient at delivering water.

In summary, the experiment showed that increasing the pump's capacity leads to better
performance and faster water delivery. The experiment findings may help us to better understand the
variables affecting the performance of centrifugal pump and also the properties of water.
 EXPERIMENT NO .5
Pressure Losses

I. Objectives:

The main objective of the experiment is to determine the pressure losses in the pipeline and
pipe fittings on a single pump setup. Among the parameters to be determined are the
following:
i. Pressure Loss in a straight pipe.
ii. Pressure Loss in a ball valve fitting.
II. Equipment, Supplies and Materials:

1. Pump Learning System

2. U-tube Manometer
III. Equipment set-up Preparation:

1. Clean the equipment and remove any hazards.

2. Check the functionality of the valves in the system. Initially it should be in a closed position

(See figure for the closed position of the valve).

3. Open valve numbers 1, 9, & 11. The remaining valves shall be in a closed position. See

figure below, the green colors are open, while red colors are closed.
 4. Fill the lower reservoir with water using supply pipe from source or from faucet up to a level

indicated for initial filling.

5. Plug in the socket to the power source (220V supply).

6. Plug in the suction and discharge tubes at the pipe fittings to be measured.

IV. Experiment Procedures:

1. Make sure that the set-up for the pressure losses experiment is ready.

2. Turn on the switch for Pump 1, and then select the first speed button.

3. Wait for at least 1 minute to stabilize the operation.

4. Record the height of the manometric fluid at the suction side at the ball valve.

5. Record the height of the manometric fluid at the discharge side at the ball valve.

6. Record the height of the manometric fluid at the suction side at the straight pipe.

7. Record the height of the manometric fluid at the discharge side at the straight pipe.

8. Tabulate the recorded data. Turn off the pump.

9. Make at least three trials.

10. Repeat steps 2-9 at speed 2.

11. Repeat steps 2-9 at speed 3.

12. Turn off the pump and unplug the power supply.

13. Remove the water in the upper and lower reservoir.

14. Return the Pump Learning System to its proper position.

V. Calculations

EQUATIONS FOR PRESSURE LOSSES

EXPERIMENT

Pressure Loss 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝑃𝑑 − 𝑃𝑠

 1. With the recorded suction pressure and discharge pressure at the ball valve running at

speed 1, calculate the pressure loss.

2. With the recorded suction pressure and discharge pressure at the straight pipe running at

speed 1, calculate the pressure loss.

3. Repeat steps 1-2 using the values recorded at speed 2.

4. Repeat steps 1-2 using the values recorded at speed 3.

5. Tabulate the calculated results.

VI. Analysis and Interpretations

With the measured and calculated data, make an analysis regarding the pump
performance. Compare results from testing to values obtained using the pump characteristic
curves.
TEST 1
FLOW RATE 40 L 50 L
TIME 1 minute:32 seconds:87 2 minutes:01 seconds:80
PRESSURE 6.5 psi 8 psi
VOLTAGE 217 V 236 V
CURRENT 0.05 A 0.05 A

TEST 2
FLOW RATE 40 L 50 L
TIME 1 minute:32 seconds:18 1 minute:54 seconds:57
PRESSURE 6.5 psi 8 psi
VOLTAGE 217 V 236 V
CURRENT 0.05 A 0.05 A

VII. Conclusions

In this experiment, two tests are performed to evaluate the performance of the pumps, utilizing
tanks with capacities of 40 and 50 liters. Only valves 1, 9, and 11 are open because the other valve is
closed. Pump 2 fills the 50-liter tank in 2 minutes, 1.80 seconds at 1 minute, 32.87 seconds of pressure.
It's worth noting that both tanks have the same 0.80 psi pressure and 0.5 A current. There is simply a
voltage difference between pumps 1 and 2, which is 217 V for pump 1 and 236 V for pump 2.

Likewise, pressure loss happens as fluid travels through a straight pipe due to many factors such
as friction, turbulence, and pipe roughness. Ploss = Pd - Ps can be used to calculate pressure loss in
a straight pipe; as a consequence, for pumps 1 and 2, with pressure discharge and pressure suction of
8 and 6.5 psi, respectively, the pressure loss is 1.5 psi.

Furthermore, a ball valve fitting is a form of valve that regulates fluid flow by utilizing a hollow,
perforated, or rotating ball. A ball valve, like any other fitting or valve, causes pressure loss in the system
due to factors such as changes in flow direction, turbulence, and the presence of obstructions. Factors
such as valve design, ball diameter, flow velocity, and valve opening angle can all affect pressure loss
via a ball valve fitting. To make particular conclusions regarding the pressure losses in the experiment,
compare the pressure discharge and suction values of each pump to the pressure losses measured or
computed for the straight pipe and ball valve fittings in the system.