JPME - Volume 24 - Issue 1 - Pages 16-27

Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering 24 (1) 2022 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.105162.
1101
Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering

http://jpme.journals.ekb.eg/
Reservoir characterization of the Upper Cretaceous Abu Roash "G" Member,

using wire line logs and 3D seismic data in West of Nile-X Field, Beni-Suef
Basin, Western Desert, Egypt.
Abu-Hashish, M. F.a* and Abdel Aaty A.b
aGeology Department – Faculty of Science – Menoufiya University
bQarun Petroleum Company (QPC)
corresepondeng Authoe email: mfarouk64@gmail.com
Article Info Abstract

Received 9 Nov. 2021 The current work focuses on integration of seismic and well log data for evaluating the
Revised 10 Jan. 2022 Upper Abu Roash “G” Sand Member, in West of Nile-X oil field. A comprehensive
Accepted 4 Feb. 2022 petrophysical evaluation was performed for Abu Roash G reservoir. The estimated
petrophysical parameters of the reservoir in the study area for the Upper Abu Roash”G”
Sand Member range between about 17 % and 22 % for the effective porosity, and range
between about 5 % and 15 % for shale volume, and range between about 18 % and 79 %
for Water saturation. All of These results show that the Upper Abu Roash ”G” Sand Member
Keywords in this field deem as a good reservoir with high potential for oil production and the
cumulative stock tank of original oil in place estimate for the study area is 27 Million Stock
Seismic Processing; De-
signature filter; Wiener filter; Tank Barrel. Depth structure map shows an elongated asymmetrical double plunging
bubble effect; Upper Abu anticlinal has an axis of NNE-SSW trend with a steep dip value in the eastern part and a
Roash “G” Sand Member; gentle dip in the western part of the study area, which formed petroleum traps in the crest
Beni-Suef Basin; Egypt. of the study area. The study results show that the Upper Abu Roash ”G” Sand Member has
a promosing reservoir characterization.
and development phase of any prospect. It gather the

Introduction results of the different analyses to optimize production,
The occurrence of hydrocarbons in Western reduce risk, uncertainties and enhance understanding of
Desert is closely related to the tectonic activities and the reservoir. So the benefit of the study to calculate the
stratigraphic history, which has created a series of qualitative and quantitative well-logging data
reservoirs and seals. Most fields in the northern Western interpretation. Formation evaluation is enhanced by
Desert are associated to Late Cretaceous-Eocene
gathering the available electrical logs for the studied
structures and are located in or at the edge of early depo-
wells and calibrating them for different environmental
centers that later became kitchen regions (Abu El Naga,
effects, then then performing various calculation
1984). Mainly of sedimentary basins in Egypt are located
in the northern Western Desert e.g. Matruh- Shushan processes for different reservoir parameters, and finally
basin, North Meleiha basin, Alamein basin, Abu Gharadig presenting the resulting data through crossplots, and
basin, Gindi basin, Beni Suef basin (of our focus), and aerial distribution maps.
Paleozoic Basins (Fig.1). Beni Suef basin is located in the
northeast part of the African plate. It is an Early Materials and Methodology
Cretaceous rift basin with NW-SE geometric orientation
that has recently been suggested as a frontier basin for Three-dimensional seismic lines and electrical
future hydrocarbon exploration in Egypt’s Eastern and well logs from four wells in the West of Nile-X field were
Western Desert. It is located 150 km south of Cairo, interpreted. A 3D seismic survey was used to construct
Egypt, along both sides of the Nile Valley (Fig.2). There the current study, which encompassed the western
are several oil fields in the Beni Suef basin including, Beni section of the Beni Suef basin (West of Nile area). The
Suef field, Azhar field, Yusif field, Lahun field, Gharibone area is surrounded by twenty seismic lines which cover
field, East of Nile field, and West of Nile development an area of nearly 25 km2. Due to the enhanced quality of
lease in which West of Nile-X oil field exist. 3D seismic survey which allow to observe the seismic
The benefit of study is integrate between well units relevant to Cretaceous tectonics, especially the Abu
log interpretation analysis for evaluating the Upper Abu Roash “C, F and G” Members and Upper Bahariya
Roash “G” sand Member in Abu Roash Formation in West Formation. Seismic interpretation is done on depth
of Nile – X oil field, Western Desert, Egypt. Which domain seismic lines by identifying, picking, and
reservoir characterization is supreme steps in exploration correlating reflectors that represent distinct strata of
Page|16
Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering 24 (1) 2022 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.105162.1101
cretaceous sediments. Based on the interpretation of the

twenty seismic lines of the 3D seismic depth cube, a
structural analysis was performed (Fig.2) were used to
Figure 1: The tectonic framework in the Western Desert of Egypt (Modified after Bayoumi 1996).
Figure 2: Area of study Location Map and Index map showing the study area and the studied seismic profiles and wells.
Page|17
depict and identify the structural features Formation, Campanian-Maastrichtian Khoman

which the area was subjected. Formation and sometimes the top part of Abo Roash
Formation are missed in these area which represented by
The depth structure map for top of Abu Roash the old ancestral Nile. It’s a large erosional feature that
“G” Member (Base Turonian - Upper Cenomanian) have consists Tertiary Clastic sediments. In the study area
been constructed in order to determine the structural (Fig.4).
architecture of the area. After that; Evaluation of the
petrophysical properties through the petrophysical
analysis of the sandstone petroleum reservoir in the top
part of the Abu Roash "G" Member.
The aim of current study can be achieved by

integrating multidiscipline such as the interpretation of
seismic data as well as the analysis of petrophysical data.
Geological Setting
➢ Stratigraphy Setting
The stratigraphic succession of the Northern

Western Desert is thick and includes most of the
sedimentary deposits from Pre-Cambrian basement
complex to recent (Schlumberger, 1995), and consist of
alternating depositional cycles of clastics and carbonates,
five cycles have been recognized by Abdine (1974) (Fig.3).
In Beni Suef Basin (the study area), Beni Suef basin can be
deemed as a rift basin conversely, it is, by far, quiet
similar to that of the northern territories of the Western
Desert, with the exception that the basin is controlled by
the Aptian/Albian NE-SW extension movement (Zahran
et al., 2011). This movement was the reason to erode the
pre-Albian succession, where the Kharita Formation
(Albian) overly directly on the crystalline rocks of the
Egyptian Pre-Cambrian Basement complex. May be the Figure 4: Local stratigraphic column of the study area.
absence of pre-Albian succession is related to high Pre- (Qarum Petroleum Company report).
Cambrian basement relief in this basin. In West of Nile
Fields, the Paleocene-Middle Eocene Apollonia ➢ Tectonic setting
Two main tectonic forces related to Tethyan

plate tectonics, that affected the Late Jurassic to Early
Tertiary succession, are resulted in the structural
patterns in the northern western desert of Egypt. These
forces are: (1) the sinistral shear that occurred in the Late
Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and (2) the dextral shear
during the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene time (Meshref
et al, 1990) (Said, 1962). The Beni Suef basin is bifurcated
by the River Nile from to two main parts in the Western
and the Eastern Desert of Egypt at the northwestern part
of a series of NW–SE oriented Cretaceous basin system.
This basins are, from northwest to southeast these
include: Beni Suef basin, Asyut basin, Komombo basin,
and the Hodein graben (Bosworth et al., 2015) (Fig.1). The
main structural pattern of East Beni Suef Basin is a wide
major graben, between two structural high areas in the
north east and south west sides of the graben. Also, the
all faults in the Basin as a normal faults with dominated
NW-SE and WNW-ESE (Aboul-Magd, 2015; Salem and
Sehim, 2017). The interpretation of The Beni Suef Basin
revealed that it is a rift basin in form of a half graben and
this basin is thought to be developed as a result of its
presence in a regime of an extensional stress
contemporaneous to the opening of South Atlantic that
Figure 3: Generalized stratigraphic column of the north affected the North and Central Africa which occurred on
Western Desert of Egypt. (After, Moustafa, et al., 2003). the Early Cretaceous. This extensional regime also
resulted in reactivation of the pre-existing Jurassic basins
Page|18
that trending east-west, such as Faghur and Abu

Gharadig basins in Egypt as well as the Sarir Troughs in
Libya (Bosworth et al. 2008).
➢ Source rock and Entrapment
The oil Potentiality of Abu Roash-F member in

Beni Suef and Azhar oil fields and proved that the Abu
Roash-F member is an effective source rock in the area
(El-Sherbiny, 2017). And West of Nile-X block shows a
suitable petroleum trap of structural type developed as
asymmetrical double plunging anticline.
Results and Discussion
Structural interpretation
The primary purpose for detecting the
unconformities, faults and folds is structural
interpretation (Abu El Ata et al., 1999), Generally, three
structural features can be distinguished; faults, folds, and
unconformities. In order to recognize these three
elements seismic expressions should be established,
which would facilitate the given seismic data
interpretation (Abedi and El-Toukhy, 1990). The
interpretation of 3D seismic data leads to imaging the
subsurface structural elements using five picked Figure 5: The WNW-ESE interpreted seismic section
reflectors on the pre-stack time migrated (PSTM) seismic (Random line-1).
volume. The seismic reflectors were picked are Upper
Bahariya Formation, Abu Roash "G", Abu Roash "F" and ➢ Subsurface Structure contour maps:
Abu Roash "C" Members in addition to Base Channel of
Structure contour maps are a prevalent
old ancestral Nile. The interpreted fold, related
method of representing the elevations for a certain
deFormation and associated features are discussed in the
surface and its geometry. The contours are shown at
following, using seismic sections and mapped intervals.
regular intervals across the map, it is important that all
➢ WNW-ESE seismic section (Random-1): the depths are referenced to the mean sea level (True
Vertical Depth Sub Sea). Structure contour map
This seismic section oriented to the WNW-ESE constructed on the horizon was selected in the study is
direction of the study area (Fig.5), which passing through Abu Roash "G”. It’s considered as the prime reservoir in
WON X-18 and WON X-9 wells. It’s about 6.7 Km long the area of study. The map shows a structurally high area
which shows seismic reflectors were picked; Upper in the central part of the study area, in the form of
Bahariya Formation, Abu Roash "G", Abu Roash "F" and elongated an asymmetrical double plunging anticlinal
Abu Roash "C" Members in addition to Base Channel of structure, has an axis of NNE-SSW trend, with a steep dip
old ancestral Nile. Seismic reflectors seem to be parallel value in the eastern part and a gentle dip in the western
to semi parallel to each other which reflect a quite part of the study area, recording the maximum elevation
depositional regime. And gradually dipping toward the in depth value about - 6325 ft., on the other hand, the
WNW-ESE direction. deeper point of Abu Roash "G" Member was seen in the
area in the eastern and western parts of the study area
The seismic section shows that the Late (structurally low) recording depth value about - 6825 ft.
Cretaceous sequence from the Bahariya Formation to (Fig.6).
Abu Roash Formation was affected by Compressional
force in a WNW-ESE direction that resulted from a strong
folding phase took place along the northern territories of
the Western Desert which resulted in an elongated
asymmetrical anticlinal structure, having one limp dip
gently toward the WNW direction and the other limp dip
steep toward the ESE direction.
A severe folding phase occurs along the

northern territories of the Western Desert during the late
Cretaceous-Early Tertiary. Therefore; a noticeable
crustal-shortening happened due to the development of
NE-SW double plunging anticlinal folds which affected
the older Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks. (Moustafa, Figure 6: Depth structure map on top of Abu Roash “G”
2008). Member for WON-X dev. Lease.
Page|19
Well Log Analysis

➢ Neutron Density cross plot
The prediction of lithology based on data point

locations in graphical X-Y plots regards to pure lithology
reference data and the points may also contain data in
the Z- axis is known as cross plot (Krygowski, 2003), Abu
Roash “G-5” zone represent the Upper clastic reservoir
zone of Abu Roash “G” Member. Which divided to four
cycles which is Zone -4, Zone -3, Zone -2 and Zone -1 from
bottom to top. Lithological components extracted from
Neutron-Density Cross plot for Upper Abu Roash G
reservoir in the study wells as follow:
WON X -1X well
Zone-1: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper

Abu Roash “G” subdivision (Zone-1) sandstone reservoir) Figure 8: WON X-1X Neutron density cross-plot showing
the lithological components of the U. Abu Roash “G”
(Fig.7), display that the plotted points are scattered and
Zone-3.
lie between sandstone and limestone lines with grain
density (ρmat) ranging from 2.28 gm/cc to 2.43 gm/cc
and total porosity ranging from 18% to 24%. This
indicates that the zone is mainly reservoir very fine
sandstone sometime grading to into silty facies.
Zone-2: due to facies change of sandstone to

laminated sandy. It’s not a reservoir in WON X -1X well.

Abu Roash “G” subdivision (Zone-3) sandstone
reservoir(Fig.8), display that the plotted points are
scattered and lie between sandstone and limestone lines
with grain density (ρmat) ranging from 2.28 gm/cc to 2.43
gm/cc and total porosity ranging from 15% to 27%. This
indicates that the zone is mainly reservoir sandstone and
sometime grading into silty facies.

Abu Roash “G” subdivision (Zone-1) sandstone reservoir Figure 9: WON X-1X Neutron density cross-plot showing
(Fig.9), display that the plotted points are scattered and the lithological components of the U. Abu Roash “G”
lie between sandstone and limestone lines with grain Zone-4.
WON X -9 well
and total porosity ranging from 14% to 24%.
laminated sandy. It’s not a reservoir in WON X -9 well.

Abu Roash “G” subdivision (Zone-2) sandstone reservoir

Abu Roash “G” subdivision (Zone-3) sandstone reservoir)
and total porosity ranging from 14% to 25%. gm/cc. This
Figure 7: WON X-1X Neutron density cross-plot showing
Zone-1.
Page|20
Zone-4: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper WON X -11 well

Abu Roash “G” subdivision (Zone-4) sandstone reservoir
(Fig.12), display that the plotted points are scattered and Zone-1: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper
lie between sandstone and limestone lines with grain Abu Roash “G” subdivision (Zone-1) sandstone reservoir)
density (ρmat) ranging from 2.30 gm/cc to 2.42 gm/cc (Fig.13), display that the plotted points are scattered and
and total porosity ranging from 22% to 28%. lie between sandstone and limestone lines with grain


Figure 10: WON X-9 Neutron density cross-plot showing
Zone-2. sometime grading into silty facies.


Zone-3.
Figure 13: WON X-11 Neutron density cross-plot

showing the lithological components of the U. Abu
Roash “G” Zone-1.
WONX -18 well

laminated sandy. It’s not a reservoir in WON X -18 well.

Figure 12: WON X-9 Neutron density cross-plot showing density (ρmat) ranging from 2.30 gm/cc to 2.45 gm/cc
the lithological components of the U. Abu Roash “G” and total porosity ranging from 17% to 23%. gm/cc. This
Zone-4.
Page|21
indicates that the zone is mainly reservoir sandstone and Zone-3: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper
sometime grading into silty facies. Abu Roash “G” subdivision (Zone-3) sandstone reservoir)

and total porosity ranging from 9% to 26%. gm/cc.
Figure 14: WON X-11 Neutron density cross-plot

showing the lithological components of the U. Abu Roash
“G” Zone-2.

Zone-2.

Zone-3.

Zone-3.

Zone-4.
Page|22
Also the ripple of sand enclosed by mud wavy lamination

formed Lenticular lamination (Reineck and Singh, 1972).
The net reservoir sandstone map of Abu

Roash “G” zone-1, 2, 3 and 4 were mapped as follow:
➢ Upper Abu Roash “G” zone-1:
The net reservoir sandstone isopach map of

the Upper Abu Roash “G” sand-1” (Fig.20) includes the
sand flat that shows an increase to south part of the study
area especially, the sandstone body with maximum value
in WON X-1X well about 8 feet and minimum value about
1 feet in WON X-18 well. It trending to the north eastern
direction to the south west direction.
The water saturation values of Upper Abu

Roash “G” Zone-1 ranging between (max. 100% - min.
28%) the higher values of water saturation distributed
towards downward of structure closures and the low
Zone-4.
water saturation values within the main closures; due to
➢Well log analysis results facies changes from sandy mudstone to reservoir sand
The best cut offs in WON-X Field for Upper flat facies. Which reflect that water saturation values
Abu Roash “G” reservoir were indicated from production controlled by structure and facies (Fig.21).
history in the area which showed the porosity cut-off is
greater than 12 % and clay volume cut off is less than 30 The distribution of effective porosity shows
% and the water saturation cut off is less than 65 %. values ranging between (max. 22% - min. 0 %) at reservoir
Table-1 shows the reservoir summary for the WON-X sand flat and sandy mudstone facies. The effective
wells. porosity has controlled by facies distribution (Fig.22).

sand channel stacked on sand flat without obvious down
cut, where the channel founded in WONX-11 and WONX-
18 wells and these channel with maximum value in
WONX-18 well about 14 feet and trending to the north-
south direction of the study area. And the sand flat with
maximum value in WONX-9 well about 11 feet, also
trending to the north east-south west direction of the
study area.

facies changes from sandy mudstone to subtidal channel
and reservoir sand flat facies. Which reflect that water
saturation values controlled by structure and facies
(Fig.24).
Table 1: The reservoir summary and zones of the four
wells The distribution of effective porosity shows
values ranging between (max. 23% - min. 0 %) at subtidal
Reservoir mapping and lateral variation channel and reservoir sand flat facies to sandy mudstone
Upper Abu Roash-G sand may be deposited facies. The effective porosity has controlled by facies
completely in shallow marine environments, where the distribution (Fig.25).
sands display as acute linear trends and discontinuous in
the study area (Farag, 2016), and the existence of mud
drapes indicate to tidal flat and sub tidal marine (Nichols,
2009), this sand are coarse to medium grain mature well
sorted; it’s contains light grey to grey flaser bedding
sandstone with thin lenses of siltstone and heterolithic
facies which is composed of lenticular lamination
(Osman, 2017), the equal proportion of mud and sand,
Page|23
Figure 20: Net reservoir Isopach map for Upper Abu Figure 23: Net reservoir Isopach map for Upper Abu
Roash “G” sand-1 Roash “G” sand-2.
Figure 21: Modeled water saturation map for Upper Figure 24: Modeled water saturation for map Upper
Abu Roash-G zone-1. Abu Roash-G zone-2.
Figure 22: Modeled effective porosity map for Upper Figure 25: Modeled effective porosity map for Upper
Abu Roash-G zone-1. Abu Roash-G zone-2.
Page|24

sand flat that shows an increase in the middle part of the
study area especially, the sandstone body with maximum
value in WONX-9 well about 14 feet and minimum value
WONX-18 well about 11 feet trending to the north east-
south west direction of the study area. These sand is
distinguish with a wide spread in all study area.

towards downward of structure closures and the low Figure 27: Modeled water saturation map for Upper
water saturation values within the main closures; due to Abu Roash-G zone-3.
facies changes from sand flat silt rich to reservoir sand flat
facies. Which reflect that water saturation values
controlled by structure and facies (Fig.27).
The distribution of effective porosity shows

values ranging between (max. 22% - min. 0 %) at reservoir
sand flat and sand flat silt rich facies respectively. The
effective porosity has controlled by facies distribution
(Fig.28).

sand flat that shows an increase in the eastern and Figure 28: Modeled effective porosity map for Upper
western part of the study area especially, the sandstone Abu Roash-G zone-3.
body with maximum value in WONX-1X well about 18
feet and minimum value in WONX-9 well about 14 feet
trending to the north east-south west direction of the
study area. Also these sand is distinguish with a wide
spread in all study area.

facies changes from sand flat silt rich to reservoir sand flat
facies. Which reflect that water saturation values
controlled by structure and facies (Fig.30). The
distribution of effective porosity shows values ranging Figure 29: Net reservoir Isopach map for Upper Abu
between (max. 21% - min. 0 %) at reservoir sand flat and Roash “G” sand-4.
sand flat silt rich facies respectively. The effective
porosity has controlled by facies distribution (Fig.31).
Figure 30: Modeled water saturation for map Upper

Abu Roash-G zone-4.
Figure 26: Net reservoir Isopach map for Upper Abu
Roash “G” sand-3.
Page|25
Hydrocarbons Volume calculation

Preliminary hydrocarbon volumes have been
estimated for Upper Abu Roash ‘G’ Member (“G-5”).The
reservoir input parameters were based on the sums and
averages from the first four drilled wells penetrating the
reservoir section. These estimations were calculated
based upon the following formula expressed in terms of
stock tank of original oil in place (STOOIP): STOOIP (STB)=
7758 * A * h * Փeff * (1-Sw) * N/G * 1/Bo Where, A=
reservoir area in acres, h= net pay thickness in feet, Փeff
=effective porosity in fraction, (1-Sw) = hydrocarbon
saturation in fraction, N/G = net to gross reservoir ratio,
Bo = Formation volume factor and 7758 is an acre foot
Figure 31: Modeled effective porosity map for Upper conversion for oil. The cumulative stock tank of original
Abu Roash-G zone-4. oil in place STOOIP estimated for zones is 27 Million Stock
Tank Barrel separated as table-2.
Table 2: The stock tank of original oil in place STOOIP

estimated for zones.
Conclusions
The structure responsible for hydrocarbon
entrapment in the study area was a structural high which
corresponds to the crest of an asymmetrical double
plunging anticlinal structure of WON-X oil field. The
petrophysical study was conducted to identify the
productive zone, distinguish between oil and water in the
reservoir, and define the petrophysical parameters to be
used later on petrophysical model. The analysis showed
pay zones in the Upper Abu Roash “G” Member. After
calculating clay volume, water saturation, and average
effective porosity and after applying cut-offs, All zones
encountered net pays as follows; 29 feet cumulative net
pay for WON X-1X well, 24 feet cumulative net pay for
WON X-9 well, 43 feet cumulative net pay for WON X-11
well, and 15 feet cumulative net pay for WON X-18 well.
After mapping of the petrophysical characteristics for the
different reservoirs at Upper Abu Roash “G” Member
encountered in the study area was show that the water
saturation controlled by a combination of structure and
facies elements. Clay volume and effective porosity of all
zones is controlled by facies distribution. Based on the
cumulative stock tank of original oil in place STOOIP
estimated for zones is 27 Million Stock Tank Barrel of oil.
Figure 32: Openhole logs responses of Upper Abu Funding sources

Roash”G” subdivision in the study wells. This research received no external funding.
Page|26
Conflicts of interest Western Desert, Egypt – the role of the 23 Ma Cairo

‘‘mini-plume’’. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 109, 107–119.
There are no conflicts to declare.
El-Sherbiny, M.I. (2017). Oil Potentiality of Abu Roash (F)
Member in Beni Suef Concession, Western Desert, Egypt.
Acknowledgement M.Sc. thesis, Al-Azhar University.
The authors wish to express their thanks to
Farag, T.H. (2016). Multi-scale Geological Study for Wadi
the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) and
Rayan Oil Field, Western Desert, Egypt. Unpub. MSc.
Qarun Petroleum Company (QPC) for release the data Thesis, Geol. Dept Al Azhar University.
used in this work.
Krygowski D. A., (2003). Guide to petrophysical
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Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering 24 (1) 2022 DOI: 10.21608/jpme.2022.105162.

Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering

Reservoir characterization of the Upper Cretaceous Abu Roash "G" Member,

corresepondeng Authoe email: mfarouk64@gmail.com

Article Info Abstract

and development phase of any prospect. It gather the

cretaceous sediments. Based on the interpretation of the

depict and identify the structural features Formation, Campanian-Maastrichtian Khoman

The aim of current study can be achieved by

The stratigraphic succession of the Northern

Two main tectonic forces related to Tethyan

that trending east-west, such as Faghur and Abu

➢ Source rock and Entrapment

The oil Potentiality of Abu Roash-F member in

Results and Discussion

A severe folding phase occurs along the

Well Log Analysis

The prediction of lithology based on data point

WON X -1X well

Zone-1: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper

Zone-2: due to facies change of sandstone to

Zone-3: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper

Zone-4: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper

Zone-2: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper

Zone-3: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper

Zone-4: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper WON X -11 well

Zone-2: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper

Zone-3: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper

Zone-4: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper

Figure 11: WON X-9 Neutron density cross-plot showing

Figure 13: WON X-11 Neutron density cross-plot

WONX -18 well

Zone-1: due to facies change of sandstone to

Zone-2: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper

Zone-4: Neutron/density cross plots of Upper

Figure 14: WON X-11 Neutron density cross-plot

Figure 17: WON X-18 Neutron density cross-plot showing

Figure 15: WON X-11 Neutron density cross-plot showing

Figure 18: WON X-18 Neutron density cross-plot showing

Figure 16: WON X-11 Neutron density cross-plot showing

Also the ripple of sand enclosed by mud wavy lamination

The net reservoir sandstone map of Abu

➢ Upper Abu Roash “G” zone-1:

The net reservoir sandstone isopach map of

The water saturation values of Upper Abu

➢ Upper Abu Roash “G” zone-2:

The net reservoir sandstone isopach map of

The water saturation values of Upper Abu

➢ Upper Abu Roash “G” zone-3:

The net reservoir sandstone isopach map of

The water saturation values of Upper Abu

The distribution of effective porosity shows

➢ Upper Abu Roash “G” zone-4:

The net reservoir sandstone isopach map of

The water saturation values of Upper Abu

Figure 30: Modeled water saturation for map Upper

Hydrocarbons Volume calculation

Table 2: The stock tank of original oil in place STOOIP

Figure 32: Openhole logs responses of Upper Abu Funding sources