POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OF DAVAO DEL SUR, INC.

McArthur Highway, Baranggay Kiagot, Digos City

IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE USE OF GADGETS ON THE

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENT
STUDENTS IN PCDS

A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty of Bachelor of

Science in Criminology of Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc.

BOLOY, KIAN S.

ALBERCA, SHENIE LOU M.

SEDONIO, SAVANNAH LORRAINE O.

MAY 2024
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Social media describes a range of technological tools that allow people

to share information and ideas with one another. Approximately 60% of the

global population, or over 4.7 billion individuals, utilize social media,

including Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and X platform (previously Twitter).

Early in 2023, 94.8% of users visited websites and apps for chat and

messaging, with social media platforms coming in second with 94.6% of

users (Dollarhide 2024).

Digital gadgets, like smartphones and tablets, are electronic tools that

use technology to do many things. Technology is getting better and faster,

especially in the areas of gadgets and social media (Brown, 2019). With a

smart device, you can watch TV, movies, and play games from anywhere.

The upgrade from 3G to 4G and 5G has made the internet very fast, making

it easy and quick to download movies, music, and play games (Palandrani,

2021).

According to Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2019), a social media account

allows you to connect with people worldwide at any time. According to the

Our World in Data website, Facebook alone had 2.4 billion users in 2019.

Digital devices, like smartphones, have brought numerous advantages.

They've enhanced teaching methods in classrooms, making lessons more

engaging (Lepp et al., 2015).

Smart devices offer convenient and affordable access to online

learning from any location and at any time (Raja &Nagasubramani, 2018).

Similarly, social media has positively influenced our society by strengthening

family connections and fostering a sense of teamwork in classrooms,

creating communities (van den Eijnden et al., 2018).

The Covid-19 pandemic showed us both the good and bad sides of

technology and social media. Even during the lockdown, they helped people

connect, study, work, and kept businesses running. However, there's a

downside too. Studies from 2015 found that 73% of young people with

smartphones spending more than five hours on social media reported mental

health issues like anxiety, depression, and even thoughts of suicide (Reporter,

2018).

Another study found that almost all paediatricians, about 98-99%,

think that infants and children exposed to TV and media may develop

problems like poor eating habits, obesity, aggression, and issues with brain

development (Gentile, 2004). While technology and social media have

positive effects, we need to be careful about how much we use them,

especially for our mental and physical health. Cyber bullying on social media
via smart devices has been reported in other studies involving teenagers

between the ages of 13 and 18 (Joe Gramigna, 2020).

Our society is now more accustomed to using digital devices and social

media than we could have predicted 20 years ago. (Brown, 2019) The

Statista website reports that there are 3.6 billion active social media users

globally, which equates to more than 49% of the global population (Statista,

2021). Communication has become easier, faster, and more effective as a

result of the increased use of digital devices and social media. This was

particularly evident during the COVID-19 season, when 90% of American

adults reported that using digital devices and social media was important

(Pew Research Center, 2021). The use of social media and digital gadgets

has been more integrated into society's daily lives than ever before,

particularly among young people. (Ospina, Esteban, 2019). Teenagers and

young adults make up between 55% and 82% of all social media users,

according to estimates. (Page 3532 of Kuss and Griffiths, 2011).

Statement of the Problem

The use of social media and technology has advanced at a very high

speed, which now is considered a necessity consumed worldwide, however,

this comes with a high price. Various studies are showing that; the increased

number of times spent on digital devices and social media has been found to
have tremendous negative effects on social, psychological, and academic

functioning in adolescents.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of social media and the use

of gadgets or electronic devices on the personality development of

adolescents in Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur. It sought to answer the

following:

1. What is the demographic profile?

Age:

Sex:

2. What is the impact of social media and used of gadget among

respondents access to profile variables in terms of:

2.1 . Interactions with environment?

2.2 . Mental and well-being?

2.3 . Self confidence?

3. Is there a significant difference in the impact of social media and

the used of gadget among respondent according to profile variable

in terms of:

3.1 . Interaction with environment?

3.2 . Mental and well-being?

3.3 . Self confidence?

Significance of the Study

This study aims provide a better understanding on the impact of social

media and the use of gadgets to the personality development of adolescent

students in PCDS affecting the different aspects in life including their

performance in school, their interaction to other people, physical, mental,

psychological and emotional health.

This study is generally beneficial to the following:

Adolescent Students: Able to learn and understand the impact of social

media and the use of gadgets on their personality development.

Future Researchers: The results of the study will help future researchers;
it serves as their guide or reference in discovering new concepts in this topic.

Hypothesis Statement

It was hypothesized that there is no significant difference in the impact

of social media and the use of gadgets on the personality development of
adolescent students with respect to their profile variables.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored to the Uses and Gratifications Theory. This

theory suggests that individuals actively choose media and technologies to

fulfill specific needs or desires, and their usage patterns are shaped by these

motivations. In the context of adolescents and their use of social media and
gadgets, researchers often investigate how these platforms fulfill various

needs such as social interaction, entertainment, information seeking, and

identity formation. Understanding these motivations helps researchers

comprehend the effects of social media and gadget use on adolescent

behaviour, development, and well-being.

Conceptual framework

Independent variables Dependent

variables

Personality
Development
•Social Media Use
•Use of Gadgets

Scope and Limitations

This study focuses on the Adolescent students of Polytechnic College of

Davao del Sur to determine in the impact of social media and the use of
gadgets on their personality development. This study is limited only on
Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur. The respondents will be the selected
adolescent students of Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur both male and
female in the academic year 2024-2025. This study will be conducted in the
second semester of SY 2024-2025.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined to enhance the understanding of the

readers of the study.

Social Media: Refers to websites and programs that promote community-

based information, communication, engagement, content sharing, and

collaboration are referred to as social media. These are the social networking

websites and applications. social networking platforms like Instagram,

Facebook, X (formerly known as Twitter), and many more.

Gadgets: Refers to electronic devices designed to do certain jobs, usually

more easily and efficiently. From larger equipment to tiny gadgets that fit in

the palm of your hand, these innovations are designed to make several

elements of life easier to handle and more entertaining. Examples are cell

phone, tablets, laptops, computers and many more.

Personality Development: Refers to the process by which an individual's

unique personality develops over time is known as personality development.

It is composed of the organized thought and behaviour patterns.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This study was designed to help the researchers to have guidelines

and to support to their study. The literatures were carefully selected and

deliberated upon on the basis of relatively and reliability of the information

presented. This chapter presents a review of literature and studies, both

local and foreign that is related to these studies.

Foreign Literature

The proportion of teenagers in Ontario reporting moderate to serious

mental distress increased from 24% in 2013, to 34% in 2015 and to 39% in

2017, with parallel increases in health service utilization. Inpatient hospital

admissions of children and adolescents for mental health reasons increased

substantially across Canada between 2007 and 2014, while admissions for

other medical conditions in this age group decreased by 14%.Between 2009

and 2014, admissions to hospital for intentional self-harm increased by

110% in Canadian girls. Suicide is now the second leading cause of death for

Canadian youth (Abi-Jaoude, E. MSc MD, et al., 2020)

According to Abi-Jaoude, E. MSc MD, et al., (2020) a recent analysis

of survey data found the 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation, attempts

and non-suicidal self-injury to be 8.1%, 4.3% and 8.8%, respectively,

among adolescents aged 14 to 17 years, with all rates being higher in girls.
Similarly, administrative data in the United States show that presentations to

hospital for suicidal ideation or attempts among children and adolescents

almost doubled between 2008 and 2015, with the highest increase for

adolescent girls. Self-poisoning rates among 10- to 18-year-olds, which had

declined in the US since the turn of the century, increased substantially from

2011 to 2018, primarily among girls. Surveys of high school students in the

US have shown a similar pattern for self-reported symptoms of depression,

major depressive episodes and suicidality over the last 2 decades.

Salsabila, R. (2022) stated that there is a notable connection between

insomnia and gadget use among students, indicating that a majority of those

experiencing insomnia, specifically two-thirds of them, incorporate electronic

devices into their daily routines. This habitual reliance on gadgets is

highlighted as a contributor to the compromised physical health of these

individuals, ultimately leading to a diminished quality of life if prompt

intervention is not implemented.

A growing body of literature is associating excessive and addictive use

of digital media with physical, psychological, social and neurological adverse

consequences. Research is focusing more on mobile devices use, and studies

suggest that duration, content, after-dark-use, media type and the number

of devices are key components determining screen time effects. Physical

health effects: excessive screen time is associated with poor sleep and risk

factors for cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure, obesity, low
HDL cholesterol, poor stress regulation (high sympathetic arousal and

cortisol dysregulation), and Insulin Resistance. Other physical health

consequences include impaired vision and reduced bone density.

Psychological effects: internalizing and externalizing behavior is related to

poor sleep (Lissak, E. 2018).

Foreign Studies

From the beginning of the pandemic period, media device and Internet

access rapidly increased. In line, a 2021 CENSIS report revealed an even

progressive increment of smartphone use by adolescents, which reached

95%. In particular, the majority of adolescents (59%) admitted they use

smartphone even more frequently than in the past with a daily use of more

than 3 hours in 46% of cases. Adolescents connected Internet alone (59%),

consulting social media, mostly Instagram (72%), TikTok (62%), and

YouTube (58%). In this context, social interaction over the Internet or simply

social network consulting may play an important part in the lives of many

young people, influencing them and their relationship with self-esteem and

well-being. Not being guided and monitored in Internet fruition, the young

may be exposed to several risks, including cyberbullying which affects 7% of

children aged 11–13 years and 5.2% of 14–17 years old adolescents or

stalking which affects more than 600 minors in Italy. On social media, the

young are more vulnerable and may display risk behavior, including
pertaining substance abuse, sexual behaviors, or violence (Bozzola, E. et al.,

2022 ).

The study of 200 adolescents in Korea also showed that abnormal

users of smartphones had significantly more problematic behaviours,

somatic symptoms, attention deficits, and aggression. The pattern of use

with a cellular phone includes risky behaviour such as its use while driving,

on silent mode, in closed spaces and while charging. Smartphone addiction

is a global public health concern and has been extensively researched in the

adolescents’ population. Similar to other addictions (substance and

behavioural), excessive and addictive smartphone use has been linked to life

stress, lower self-efficacy, higher perceived stress, high internal focus of

control, materialism, and internet addiction . It has been shown that young

people who use cell phones excessively (for both speaking and text

messaging) have increased restlessness, more careless lifestyles, greater

consumption of stimulating beverages and greater susceptibility to stress

(Akulwar-Tajane, I. et al., 2020).

According to Akulwar-Tajane, I. et al., (2020) New research suggests

that excessive use of smartphones, increases the risk for severe

psychopathologies and there is growing evidence of problematic use of

smartphones that impacts both social and health aspects of users’ lives. The

time spent sitting and viewing a screen has been linked to mental health

effects such as anxiety and depression. With this added risk, lack of sleep
plays a major role in a healthy mindset, but without proper rest, mental

health can degrade at a higher risk. Sleeping helps us to recover from

mental as well as physical exertion and is vital for maintaining good mental

and physical health. Overall, sleep helps humans maintain optimal emotional

and social functioning while we are awake by giving rest during sleep to the

parts of the brain that control emotions and social interactions. Inadequate

rest impairs the ability to think, to handle stress, and to moderate emotions.

Sleep disturbance is considered as the second most common symptom of

mental distress. More recent views suggest that sleep can play a causal role

in both the development and maintenance of different mental health

problems.

According to Lissak, E. (2018) Depressive symptoms and suicidal are

associated to screen time induced poor sleep, digital device night use, and

mobile phone dependency. ADHD-related behaviour was linked to sleep

problems, overall screen time, and violent and fast-paced content which

activates dopamine and the reward pathways. Early and prolonged exposure

to violent content is also linked to risk for antisocial behaviour and decreased

prosocialbehavior. Psychoneurological effects: addictive screen time use

decreases social coping and involves craving behavior which resembles

substance dependence behaviour. Brain structural changes related to

cognitive control and emotional regulation are associated with digital media

addictive behavior. A case study of a treatment of an ADHD diagnosed 9-

year-old boy suggests screen time induced ADHD-related behavior could be

inaccurately diagnosed as ADHD. Screen time reduction is effective in

decreasing ADHD-related behavior.

Wu, Y. et al., (2015) find that the use of internet technology leads to

an increased sense of connectedness to friends and school, while at the

same time increasing levels of anxiety and loneliness among adolescents.

Another study was done by Yubo, Dan, Tonglin, Lily, and Qi while

examining social media addiction, its impact, mediation, and intervention a

survey study was done on 232 college students. The findings shows that the

media addiction was causing mental, physical, and emotional health such as;

lack of sleep, a lack of focus, lack of time management, and a lack of

extensive time of the study, which further affected student’s ability to

perform well academically. (Houet al.2019)

According to Tobias Dienlin, PhD (2020) if we ask US adolescents

directly, 31% are of the opinion that the effects are mostly positive, 45%

estimate the effects to be neither positive nor negative, and 24% believe

that effects are mostly negative. Teens who considered the effects to be

positive stated that social media help (i) connect with friend; (ii) obtain

information; and (c) find like-minded people. Those who considered the

effects to be negative explained that social media increase the risks of (i)
bullying; (ii) neglecting face-to-face contacts; (iii) obtaining unrealistic

impressions of other people’s lives.

References

Akulwar-Tajane, I., Akulwar-Tajane, A.-T., I. ,. Parmar, K. ,. Naik, P. ,. Shah, A.,

Parmar, K., Naik, H., & Shah, V. (2020). Rethinking Screen Time during COVID-

19: Impact on Psychological Well-Being in Physiotherapy Students.

https://www.hillpublisher.com/UpFile/202009/20200924170749.pdf

Bozzola, E., Spina, G., Agostiniani, R., Barni, S., Russo, R., Scarpato, E., Di

Mauro, A., Di Stefano, A. V., Caruso, C., Corsello, G., & Staiano, A. (2022). The

Use of Social Media in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review on the

Potential Risks. International journal of environmental research and public

health, 19(16), 9960. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169960

Dienlin, T., & Johannes, N. (2020). The impact of digital technology use on

adolescent well-being . Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 22(2), 135–142.

https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.2/tdienlin

Lissak G. (2018). Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time

on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environmental

research, 164, 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.015

Salsabila, L. , (2022). The Impact of Using Gadgets and Social Media .
https://kesans.rifainstitute.com/index.php/kesans/article/view/43/91

Wu, Y. J., Outley, C., Matarrita-Cascante, D., & Murphrey, T. P. (2016). A

systematic review of recent research on adolescent social connectedness and

mental health with internet technology use. Adolescent Research Review, 1, 153-

162. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40894-015-0013-9

Faiswal Kasirye. The Importance of Needs in Uses and Gratification

Theory. Advance. May 07, 2022.

 METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, respondents, sampling

design and technique, participants involved, research instruments, data

gathering procedure and data analysis used in the study.

Research Design

This study falls under the category of quantitative-descriptive research

design. The design is deemed appropriate because it describes the

information gathered from the participants to determine the impact of social

media and use of gadgets on the personality development of adolescent

students in Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur. A survey technique will be

used to conduct the study. The researcher will facilitate in giving researcher-

made questionnaires to the participants.

Research Locale

The study will only be conducted to the adolescent students of

Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur.

Sampling Technique

Purposive sampling will be used to the -----. Total population sampling

will be utilized to select the adolescent students of Polytechnic College of

Davao del Sur.

Respondents of the Study

 Respondent of the study will be the selected --- adolescent students of

Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur. The total population sampling was used

in choosing the respondents.

Research Instruments

A researcher-created survey questionnaire will be used to collect the

necessary data of the respondents’ profile. The questionnaire was composed

of three parts. The first part is the respondents profile, the second part is

the the impact of social media and used of gadget among respondents

access to profile variables in terms of interactions with environment, mental

and well-being and self-confidence, and the third part is significant

difference in the impact of social media and the used of gadget among

respondent according to profile variable in terms of interactions with

environment, mental and well-being and self-confidence.

Data Gathering Procedure

The following steps were undertaken by the researchers to gather the

data. First, the researchers will sent a request letter to know the number of

adolescent students of Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur. Second, after

getting the total number of respondents, the researchers sent a letter to the

research adviser regarding the approval to conduct the research. Third,

questionnaires will be checked, validated, and approved by the research

adviser. A letter of permission to conduct the study will also be sent to the
Dean of the College of Criminal Justice Education Department before

administering the questionnaires to the respondents. Lastly, the

questionnaires will be distributed via face to face. The data gathered will

then be tallied, tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted.

Statistical Treatment

The data collected will be subjected to statistical treatments using a

weighted mean. Weighted mean will be used to analyze and interpret the

data and on the impact of social media and the use of gadget on the

personality development of adolescent students in PCDS.

The data will be analyzed using the following:

Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution. These tools, used to

determine the participant's profile, are particularly useful for expressing the

relative frequency of survey responses and other data.

Mean and Standard Deviation. This tool will determine the impact of

social media and the use of gadget on the personality development of

adolescent students in PCDS.

. Variance Analysis (ANOVA). This statistical tool will determine the

significance of profile variable differences in the impact of social media and

the use of gadget on the personality development of adolescent students in

PCDS.
 POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OF DAVAO DEL SUR, INC.
Barangay Kiagot, Digos City
Province of Davao del Sur
APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Criminology has examined and recommended for final defense,
this undergraduate thesis outline entitled “ CRIME INCIDENTS AND
COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS AMONG RESIDENTS IN BRGY. SAN
MIGUEL DIGOS CITY ” prepared and submitted by Montasir Naga, Rodrigo
U. Ybanez Jr., Erica Gutierrez , Mohadjerin Salasain.

MARILOU C. DIANA, MAED

ADVISER

APPROVED by the Oral Examination Committee

JESUSA TRINIDAD, RGC, PHD JENNY ROSE C. MIRO, MBA

Panel Member Panel Member

WINCHELLE LOU M. LOPEZ, Rcrim, MSCJ

Chairperson

ACCEPTED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology (BSCRIM).

EPRAIM R. PERRAL, EdD, DD

Director, Research and Development

 Appendix A
PERMISSION LETTER FOR THE DEPARTMENT DEAN

May 19, 2024

JOSELITO B. RELATIVO, RCRIM, MSCJ, CST

Dean of Criminology Department
Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc.
Mc Arthur Highway, Digos City 8002

Good day, Sir!

In view of the research being “CRIME INCIDENTS AND COMMUNITY

PREPAREDNESS AMONG RESIDENTS IN BRGY. SAN MIGUEL DIGOS CITY”. We,
the 3rd year students in Bachelor of Science in Criminology of Polytechnic
College of Davao del Sur, Inc., would like to request your good office to allow us to
conduct the activities essential for the realization of the said research.
I am hoping for your most favourable approval on this matter. Thank you
very much.

Respectfully yours,

NAGA , MONTASIR
YBANEZ JR., RODRIGO U.
GUTIERREZ , ERICA
SALASAIN , MOHADJERIN P.
Researchers

Noted by:
MARILOU M. DIANNA, MAED
Research Adviser

Approved by:
JOSELITO B. RELATIVO, CST, MSCJ
Dean of Criminology Department
 Appendix B
LETTER FOR THE REGISTRAR

May 19, 2024

MYRTEL R. SOLATORIO
College Registrar
Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc.

Good day,Ma’am!

In view of the research being “CRIME INCIDENTS AND COMMUNITY

PREPAREDNESS AMONG RESIDENTS IN BRGY. SAN MIGUEL DIGOS CITY”. We,
the 3rd year students in Bachelor of Science in Criminology of Polytechnic
College of Davao del Sur, Inc., would like to request your good office to allow us to
conduct the activities essential for the realization of the said research.
I am hoping for your most favourable approval on this matter. Thank you
very much.

Respectfully yours,

NAGA , MONTASIR
YBANEZ JR., RODRIGO U.
GUTIERREZ , ERICA
SALASAIN , MOHADJERIN P.
Researchers

Noted by:
MARILOU M. DIANNA, MAED
Research Adviser

Approved by:
MYRTEL R. SOLATORIO
College Registrar
 Appendix C
LETTER FOR THE RESPONDENTS

Good day!

The undersigned researchers are conducting a study entitled “CRIME

INCIDENTS AND COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS AMONG RESIDENTS IN BRGY.
SAN MIGUEL DIGOS CITY”. This is in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

In line with this, the researchers would like to humbly ask your
participation in answering the questionnaire of the said study. Your
favourable approval on this matter will greatly contribute to the success of
the study.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely yours,
NAGA , MONTASIR
YBANEZ JR., RODRIGO U.
GUTIERREZ , ERICA
SALASAIN , MOHADJERIN P.
Researchers

MARILOU C. DIANNA, LPT, MAED

Adviser

JESUSA TRINIDAD, PhD, RST, RGC JENNY ROSS C. MIRO, LPT, MBA
Panel Member Panel Member

WINCHELLE LOU M. LOPEZ, MSCJ

 Chairperson
Appendix D
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE USE OFGADGETS ON THE PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENT STUDENTS IN PCDS

QUESTIONNAIRE
Part I: Profile of respondent.
Direction: Please fill-in the following necessary question below put a check
(√) on the choices that corresponds to your answer.

NAME(Optional):_______________________________

AGE (Please check the box)

13 17
14 18
15 19
16

SEX (Please check the box)

Male Female

Part II: The impact of social media and the use of gadgets on the
personality development of adolescent students Polytechnic College
of Davao del Sur in terms of Interaction with Environment, Mental
and Well-being, and Self-Confidence.

Direction: Read each claim carefully, then, based on your own experiences
say whether or not the statement really applies to you. Please rate each
statement using the numerical code below. Check the box next to the
relevant response in the sentence. You may be sure that your responses will
be handled with the highest confidentiality.
Please use the following scale:

Rating Descriptive
Scale Interpretation
5 Strongly Agree (SA)

4 Agree (A)
 3 Neutral (N)
2 Disagree (D)

1 Strongly Disagree(DS)

2.1 Interactions with environment 1 2 3 4 5

1. Using social media strengthens my

relationships with friends and family in real life.

2. Spending more time on gadgets reduces my

participation in outdoor activities or sports

3. My awareness of local environmental issues

increases because of my use of social media.

4. Frequent use of social media makes me feel

more connected to my school community.
5. Using gadgets during study time negatively
impacts my academic performance and
concentration

6. My perception of nature or the outdoors is

influenced by my social media habits.

7. Following environmental causes or activism

on social media motivates me to participate in
local environmental projects.

2.2 MENTAL AND WELL-BEING 1 2 3 4 5

1. Frequent use of social media negatively
affects my mental well-being.
2. Using gadgets before bedtime disrupts my
sleep patterns and affects my overall well-
being.
3. Comparing myself to others on social media
leads to feelings of inadequacy or low self-
esteem.
4. Engaging in online discussions or debates on
social media platforms improves my mental
stimulation and well-being.
5. Limiting my social media usage improves my
overall mood and mental health.
6. Gadget use during social interactions with
friends or family members distracts me and
affects my enjoyment of the moment.

2.3 SELF CONFIDENCE 1 2 3 4 5

1. Using social media boosts my confidence
when i receive positive feedback.
2. Seeing others' accomplishments on social
media makes me doubt my own achievements.
3. Engaging in online communities makes me
feel more confident in expressing myself.
4. Comparing my life with others on social
media lowers my self-esteem.
5. Using gadgets for learning new skills
improves my self-confidence.
6. I feel insecure when i don't get enough likes
or comments on my social media posts.
7. Social media helps me connect with role
models who inspire me and boost my
confidence.

3.1 ENVIRONMENT 1 2 3 4 5
1. People of different ages use social media
differently to connect with others around them.
2. Boys and girls interact differently with people
and events around them through gadgets.
3. Family income affects how much people
engage with their surroundings through social
media and gadgets.

4. Using social media more often changes how

people interact with others and events in their
surroundings.
5. Education level changes how social media
and gadgets impact interaction with people and
events around them.

6. Why someone uses gadgets (for learning or

fun) affects their interaction with people and
events around them.

7. Different cultures lead to different ways of

interacting with people and events through
social media and gadgets.

3.2 MENTAL WELL-BEING 1 2 3 4 5

1. Social media affects mental well-being

differently depending on age.

2. There are differences in how social media

and gadgets affect mental well-being between
boys and girls.
3. Mental well-being effects of social media and
gadgets vary based on family income.
4. How often someone uses social media affects
their mental well-being differently.

5. Mental well-being effects of social media and

gadgets differ among people with different
education levels.
6. Using gadgets for education has different
effects on mental well-being compared to using
them for entertainment or socializing.

7. The impact of social media and gadgets on

mental well-being varies among different
cultural groups.

3.3 SELF CONFIDENCE 1 2 3 4 5

1. Different ages feel differently about

themselves because of social media.

2. Boys and girls feel different about

themselves based on how much they use
gadgets.

3. Money in the family changes how confident

people feel because of social media and
gadgets.
4. Using social media more often changes how
confident people feel about themselves.
5. Education changes how social media and
gadgets affect how confident people feel.
6. Why someone uses gadgets (for learning or
fun) affects how confident they feel because of
them.
7. Different cultures lead to different levels of
self-confidence through social media and
gadgets.
 Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Name: Shenie Lou M. Alberca
Address: Purok 5, Palili, Sulop, Davao del Sur
Birth Date: September 22, 2001
Age: 22
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Father: Gerry B. Alberca
Mother: Filomena M. Alberca

Educational Background
Elementary: Palili Elementary School
Junior High School: Sulop National High School
Senior High School: Sulop National High School
College: Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc.
Personal Background
Name: Kian S. Boloy
Address: Purok 5, Aplaya,Hagonoy, Davao del Sur
Birth Date: November 17, 2001
Age: 22 year-old
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Father: Junny A. Boloy
Mother: Grace S. Boloy
Educational Background
Elementary: AplayaElementary School
Junior High School: HagonoyNational High School
Senior High School: Hagonoy National High School
College: Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc.
Personal Background
Name: Savannah Lorraine O. Sedonio
Address: Tuban Sta Cruz Davao del Sur
Birth Date: May 4, 2002
Age: 22
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Father: Edward M. Sedonio
Mother: Lorna V. Ondangan
Educational Background
Elementary: Tuban Elementary School
Junior High School: Manuel Francisco C. Ramos SR. National High
School
Senior High School: Sta. Cruz Senior National High School
College: Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc.