1

Reglas de derivación 𝐷𝑥 (senh−1 𝑢) =

√𝑢2 +1
(𝐷𝑥 𝑢)

𝐷𝑥 (𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢(𝐷𝑥 𝑣) + 𝑣(𝐷𝑥 𝑢) 𝐷𝑥 (cosh−1 𝑢) =

1
(𝐷𝑥 𝑢) 𝑢>1
√𝑢2 −1
𝑢 𝑣(𝐷𝑥 𝑢)−𝑢(𝐷𝑥 𝑣)
𝐷𝑥 ( ) = 1
𝑣 𝑣2 𝐷𝑥 (tanh−1 𝑢) = 1−𝑢2 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) |𝑢| < 1
|𝑢|
𝐷𝑥 (|𝑢|) = (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) 1
𝑢 𝐷𝑥 (coth−1 𝑢) = 1−𝑢2 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) |𝑢| > 1
𝐷𝑥 (sen 𝑢) = cos 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) 1
𝐷𝑥 (sech−1 𝑢) = − 1
(𝐷𝑥 𝑢) 0<𝑢≤1
𝐷𝑥 (cos 𝑢) = − sen 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) 𝑢2 √ 2 −1
𝑢

𝐷𝑥 (tan 𝑢) = sec 2 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) 𝐷𝑥 (csch−1 𝑢) = −

1
(𝐷𝑥 𝑢)
1
𝑢2 √ 2 +1
𝐷𝑥 (cot 𝑢) = − csc 2 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) 𝑢

1
𝐷𝑥 (sec 𝑢) = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) 𝐷𝑥 (log a 𝑢) = 𝑢 log a 𝑒 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢)

𝐷𝑥 (csc 𝑢) = − csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) 1

𝐷𝑥 (ln 𝑢) = 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢)
1
𝐷𝑥 (sen−1 𝑢) = (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) |𝑢| < 1 𝐷𝑥 (𝑎𝑢 ) = 𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢)
√1−𝑢2
1
𝐷𝑥 (cos−1 𝑢) = − (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) |𝑢| < 1 𝐷𝑥 (𝑒 𝑢 ) = 𝑒 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢)
√1−𝑢2
𝑑 𝑏(𝑥)
1
𝐷𝑥 (tan−1 𝑢) = 1+𝑢2 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑓(𝑏(𝑥))𝑏′ (𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑎(𝑥))𝑎′ (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑎(𝑥)

𝑑 𝛽(𝑦) 𝛽(𝑦) 𝜕𝑓(𝑥,𝑦)

1
𝐷𝑥 (cot −1 𝑢) = − 1+𝑢2 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) ∫
𝑑𝑦 𝛼(𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝛼(𝑦) 𝜕𝑦
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑓(𝛽(𝑦), 𝑦)𝛽 ′ (𝑦) − 𝑓(𝛼(𝑦), 𝑦)𝛼 ′ (𝑦)

1
𝐷𝑥 (sec −1 𝑢) = (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) |𝑢| > 1
𝑢√𝑢2 −1
1 Fórmula de Taylor de una y varias variables
𝐷𝑥 (csc −1 𝑢) = − (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) |𝑢| > 1
𝑢√𝑢2 −1
1 1
𝑓(𝑥0 + ℎ) = 𝑓(𝑥0 ) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 )ℎ + 2! 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥0 )ℎ2 + 3! 𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥0 )ℎ3 + ⋯
𝐷𝑥 (senh 𝑢) = cosh 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢)
𝜕𝑓 1 𝜕2 𝑓
𝐷𝑥 (cosh 𝑢) = senh 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) 𝑓(𝒙𝟎 + 𝒉) = 𝑓(𝒙𝟎 ) + ∑𝑛𝑖=1 ℎ𝑖 𝜕𝑥 (𝒙𝟎 ) + 2! ∑𝑛𝑖=1 ∑𝑛𝑗=1 ℎ𝑖 ℎ𝑗 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 (𝒙𝟎 )
𝑖 𝑖 𝑗
1 𝜕3 𝑓
𝐷𝑥 (tanh 𝑢) = sech2 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢) + ∑𝑛𝑖=1 ∑𝑛𝑗=1 ∑𝑛𝑘=1 ℎ𝑖 ℎ𝑗 ℎ𝑘 (𝒙𝟎 ) +⋯
3! 𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜕𝑥𝑘
𝐷𝑥 (coth 𝑢) = − csch2 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢)
𝐷𝑥 (sech 𝑢) = − sech 𝑢 tanh 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢)
𝐷𝑥 (csch 𝑢) = − csch 𝑢 coth 𝑢 (𝐷𝑥 𝑢)
Reglas de integración ∫ tanh 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|cosh 𝑢| + 𝐶

∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢 ∫ coth 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|senh 𝑢| + 𝐶

∫ 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 =
1
𝑢𝑛+1 +𝐶 ∫ sech 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = tan−1 (sinh 𝑢) + 𝐶
𝑛+1
1
∫ ln 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 ln 𝑢 − 𝑢 + 𝐶 ∫ csch 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln |tanh 2 𝑢| + 𝐶

𝑑𝑢 𝑎𝑢
∫ = ln|𝑢| + 𝐶 ∫ 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln 𝑎 + 𝐶
𝑢

∫ tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − ln|cos 𝑢| ∫ sen−1 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 sen−1 𝑢 + √1 − 𝑢2 + 𝐶

∫ cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|sen 𝑢| ∫ cos−1 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 cos −1 𝑢 − √1 − 𝑢2 + 𝐶

1 1
∫ sec 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|sec 𝑢 + tan 𝑢| + 𝐶 = ln |tan (4 𝜋 + 2 𝑢)| + 𝐶 ∫ tan−1 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 tan−1 𝑢 − ln √1 + 𝑢2 + 𝐶
1
∫ csc 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln|csc 𝑢 + cot 𝑢| + 𝐶 = ln |tan 2 𝑢| + 𝐶 ∫ cot −1 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 cot −1 𝑢 + ln √1 + 𝑢2 + 𝐶

𝑑𝑢 𝑢 ∫ sec −1 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 sec −1 𝑢 − ln|𝑢 + √𝑢2 − 1| + 𝐶

∫ √𝑎2 −𝑢2 = sen−1 (𝑎) + 𝐶
= 𝑢 sec −1 𝑢 − cosh−1 𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
∫ 𝑎2 +𝑢2 = tan−1 (𝑎 ) +𝐶
𝑎
∫ csc −1 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 csc −1 𝑢 + ln|𝑢 + √𝑢2 − 1| + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
∫ 𝑢√𝑢2 −𝑎2 = 𝑎 sec −1 (𝑎) + 𝐶 = 𝑢 csc −1 𝑢 + cosh−1 𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢 𝑢
∫ √𝑢2 +𝑎2 = senh−1 (𝑎 ) + 𝐶 = ln(𝑢 + √𝑢2 + 𝑎2 ) + 𝐶

𝑑𝑢 𝑢 Sustitución trigonométrica
∫ √𝑢2 −𝑎2 = cosh−1 (𝑎 ) + 𝐶 = ln|𝑢 + √𝑢2 − 𝑎2 | + 𝐶
√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 = 𝑎 sen 𝜃
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
∫ 𝑎2 −𝑢2 = tanh−1 (𝑎) +𝐶 |𝑢| < 𝑎
𝑎 √𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 𝑥 = 𝑎 tan 𝜃
1 𝑢
= coth−1 (𝑎) +𝐶 |𝑢| > 𝑎 √𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑥 = 𝑎 sec 𝜃
𝑎

1 𝑎+𝑢
= ln | | + 𝐶
2𝑎 𝑎−𝑢

𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢 Cambio de funciones trigonométricas por algebraicas

∫ 𝑢2 −𝑎2 = − 𝑎 tanh−1 (𝑎) + 𝐶 |𝑢| < 𝑎
2𝑧 1−𝑧 2
sin 𝑥 = 1+𝑧 2 cos 𝑥 = 1+𝑧 2
1 𝑢
= − 𝑎 coth−1 (𝑎) + 𝐶 |𝑢| > 𝑎
1 2
𝑧 = tan 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 1+𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧
1 𝑢−𝑎
= ln |𝑢+𝑎| + 𝐶
2𝑎
Series notables Criterio de la razón
1 𝑢𝑛+1
∑+∞ Sólo si lim | | < 1, hay convergencia absoluta
𝑛=1 𝑛 → +∞ serie armónica 𝑛→+∞ 𝑢𝑛

𝑎
∑+∞
𝑛=1 𝑎𝑟
𝑛−1 = |𝑟| < 1 serie geométrica
1−𝑟
1 Criterio de la raíz
∑+∞
𝑛=1 →𝑠 𝑝>1 serie hiperarmónica
𝑛𝑝
𝑛
Sólo si lim √|𝑢𝑛 | < 1, hay convergencia absoluta
∑+∞
𝑛=1(−1)
𝑛+1 𝑎
𝑛 → 𝑠 𝑎𝑛+1 < 𝑎𝑛 serie alternante 𝑛→+∞

∑+∞
𝑛=1 𝑢𝑛 → 𝑠 ∑+∞
𝑛=1|𝑢𝑛 | → 𝑠 convergencia absoluta
𝑥𝑛 Criterio de Raabe
𝑒 𝑥 = ∑+∞
𝑛=0 −∞ < 𝑥 < +∞
𝑛 𝑢𝑛
Sólo si lim 𝑛 (𝑢 − 1) > 1, hay convergencia
(−1)𝑛 𝑥 2𝑛+1 𝑛→+∞ 𝑛+1
sen 𝑥 = ∑+∞
𝑛=0 (2𝑛+1)!
−∞ < 𝑥 < +∞

(−1)𝑛 𝑥 2𝑛
cos 𝑥 = ∑+∞
𝑛=0 (2𝑛)!
−∞ < 𝑥 < +∞ Criterio de la integral
𝑥 2𝑛+1 +∞
arctan 𝑥 = ∑+∞
𝑛=0(−1)
𝑛 |𝑥| < 1 La serie ∑+∞
𝑛=1 𝑓(𝑛) → 𝑠, si ∫1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 → 𝑐
2𝑛+1

𝑥 2𝑛+1
senh 𝑥 = ∑+∞
𝑛=0 (2𝑛+1)! −∞ < 𝑥 < +∞
Criterio de comparación
𝑥 2𝑛
cosh 𝑥 = ∑+∞ −∞ < 𝑥 < +∞ Para ∑+∞ +∞
𝑛=1 𝑣𝑛 → 𝑠2 , si 𝑢𝑛 ≤ 𝑣𝑛 , entonces ∑𝑛=1 𝑢𝑛 → 𝑠1
𝑛=0 (2𝑛)!

arctanh 𝑥 = ∑+∞
𝑥 2𝑛+1
|𝑥| < 1 Para ∑+∞ +∞
𝑛=1 𝑤𝑛 → +∞, si 𝑢𝑛 ≥ 𝑤𝑛 , entonces ∑𝑛=1 𝑢𝑛 → +∞
𝑛=0 2𝑛+1

𝑥𝑛
ln(1 + 𝑥) = ∑+∞
𝑛=1(−1)
𝑛−1 |𝑥| < 1
𝑛
Criterio de comparación por paso al límite
𝑚(𝑚−1)(𝑚−2)…(𝑚−𝑛+1) 𝑛
(1 + 𝑥)𝑚 =1 + ∑+∞ 𝑥 |𝑥| < 1 Para ∑+∞ +∞
𝑛=1 𝑢𝑛 y ∑𝑛=1 𝑣𝑛
𝑛=1 𝑛!
1 𝑢𝑛
= ∑+∞ 𝑛 2𝑛
𝑛=1(−1) 𝑥 |𝑥| < 1 Si lim = 𝑐 > 0, ambas convergen o ambas divergen
1+𝑥 2 𝑛→+∞ 𝑣𝑛
𝑢𝑛
Si lim = 0, y ∑+∞ +∞
𝑛=1 𝑣𝑛 → 𝑠2 , entonces ∑𝑛=1 𝑢𝑛 → 𝑠1
𝑛→+∞ 𝑣𝑛
Criterios de convergencia de una serie 𝑢𝑛
Si lim → +∞, y ∑+∞ +∞
𝑛=1 𝑣𝑛 → +∞, entonces ∑𝑛=1 𝑢𝑛 → +∞
𝑛→+∞ 𝑣𝑛
Si lim 𝑢𝑛 ≠ 0, entonces ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑢𝑛 → ±∞ condición necesaria
𝑛→+∞
 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
Identidades de trigonometría circular sen 𝑥 + sen 𝑦 = 2 sen ( 2
) cos ( 2 )

sen2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥 − tan2 𝑥 = csc 2 𝑥 − cot 2 𝑥 = 1 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

sen 𝑥 − sen 𝑦 = 2 cos ( ) sen ( 2 )
2
1 1
sen ( 𝜋 ± 𝑥) = cos 𝑥 cos ( 𝜋 ± 𝑥) = ∓ sen 𝑥 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
2 2
cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑦 = 2 cos ( ) cos ( 2 )
2
cos(−𝑥) = cos 𝑥 sen(−𝑥) = − sen 𝑥
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑦 = −2 sen ( 2
) sen ( 2 )
sen(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = sen 𝑥 cos 𝑦 ± cos 𝑥 sen 𝑦
cos(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 ∓ sen 𝑥 sen 𝑦
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
tan 𝑥±tan 𝑦 cot 𝑥 cot 𝑦∓1 Ley de los senos = sen 𝛽 = sen 𝛾
tan(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = 1∓tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦 cot(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = sen 𝛼
cot 𝑦±cot 𝑥

csc 𝑥 csc 𝑦 sec 𝑥 sec 𝑦

csc(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = cot 𝑦±cot 𝑥 sec(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = 1∓tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦
Ley de los cosenos 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝛾
2 tan 𝑥
sen 2𝑥 = 2 sen 𝑥 cos 𝑥 tan 2𝑥 = 1−tan2 𝑥

cos 2𝑥 = cos2 𝑥 − sen2 𝑥 = 2 cos2 𝑥 − 1 = 1 − 2 sen2 𝑥 Valores exactos de senos y cosenos

1 1 𝜃 sen 𝜃 cos 𝜃
sen2 𝑥 = 2 (1 − cos 2𝑥) cos2 𝑥 = 2 (1 + cos 2𝑥)
0 0 1
1−cos 2𝑥 1 1−cos 𝑥 sen 𝑥 1 1 √3
tan2 𝑥 = 1+cos 2𝑥 tan 2 𝑥 = = 1+cos 𝑥 6
𝜋 2 2
sen 𝑥
1 1 1
1 𝜋
sen−1 𝑥 + cos−1 𝑥 = 𝜋 |𝑢| < 1 4 √2 √2
2 1 √3 1
𝜋
1 3 2 2
csc −1 𝑥 + sec −1 𝑥 = 2 𝜋 |𝑢| > 1 1
𝜋 1 0
2

tan−1 𝑥 + cot −1 𝑥 =
1
𝜋 𝜋 0 −1
2 3
𝜋 −1 0
2
1 1
sec −1 𝑥 = cos −1 ( ) csc −1 𝑥 = sen−1 ( )
𝑥 𝑥

1
sen 𝑥 cos 𝑦 = 2 [sen(𝑥 + 𝑦) + sen(𝑥 − 𝑦)] Simplificación de funciones seno y coseno en fase
1 𝐴 sen 𝑏𝑡 + 𝐵 cos 𝑏𝑡 = 𝑎 sin(𝑏𝑡 + 𝑐)
cos 𝑥 sen 𝑦 = 2 [sen(𝑥 + 𝑦) − sen(𝑥 − 𝑦)]
1 donde
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 = 2 [cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cos(𝑥 − 𝑦)]
𝐵 𝐴
𝑎 = √𝐴2 + 𝐵2 cos 𝑐 = sen 𝑐 =
1 √𝐴2 +𝐵2 √𝐴2 +𝐵2
sen 𝑥 sen 𝑦 = [cos(𝑥 − 𝑦) − cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)]
2
 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
Identidades de trigonometría hiperbólica senh 𝑥 + senh 𝑦 = 2 senh ( 2
) cosh ( 2 )

senh 𝑧 = −𝑖 sen 𝑖𝑧 cosh 𝑧 = cos 𝑖𝑧 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

senh 𝑥 − senh 𝑦 = 2 cosh ( ) senh ( 2 )
2
tanh 𝑧 = −𝑖 tan 𝑖𝑧 coth 𝑧 = 𝑖 cot 𝑖𝑧
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
cosh 𝑥 + cosh 𝑦 = 2 cosh ( ) cosh ( 2 )
sech 𝑧 = sec 𝑖𝑧 csch 𝑧 = 𝑖 csc 𝑖𝑧 2

𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
cosh2 𝑥 − senh2 𝑥 = sech2 𝑥 + tanh2 𝑥 = coth2 𝑥 − csch2 𝑥 = 1 cosh 𝑥 − cosh 𝑦 = 2 senh ( 2
) senh ( 2 )

cosh(−𝑥) = cosh 𝑥 senh(−𝑥) = − senh 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥

senh 𝑥 = cosh 𝑥 =
2 2
senh(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = senh 𝑥 cosh 𝑦 ± cosh 𝑥 senh 𝑦
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
tanh 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑒 −𝑥 coth 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
cosh(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = cosh 𝑥 cosh 𝑦 ± senh 𝑥 senh 𝑦
2 2
tanh 𝑥±tanh 𝑦 1±coth 𝑥 coth 𝑦 sech 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑒 −𝑥 csch 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
tanh(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = coth(𝑥 ± 𝑦) =
1±tanh 𝑥 tanh 𝑦 coth 𝑥±coth 𝑦

csch 𝑥 csch 𝑦 sech 𝑥 sech 𝑦

csch(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = coth 𝑦±coth 𝑥 sech(𝑥 ± 𝑦) = 1±tanh 𝑥 tanh 𝑦
Logaritmos y exponenciales
2 tanh 𝑥
senh 2𝑥 = 2 senh 𝑥 cosh 𝑥 tanh 2𝑥 = ln 𝑎
1+tanh2 𝑥 log b 𝑎 = ln 𝑏 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 ln 𝑎
cosh 2𝑥 = cosh2 𝑥 + senh2 𝑥 = 2 cosh2 𝑥 − 1 = 2 senh2 𝑥 + 1
1 1
senh2 𝑥 = 2 (cosh 2𝑥 − 1) cosh2 𝑥 = 2 (cos 2𝑥 + 1)
Rectas en el plano
cosh 2𝑥−1 1 cosh 𝑥−1 senh 𝑥
tanh2 𝑥 = cosh 2𝑥+1 tanh 2 𝑥 = = cosh 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑦
senh 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) 𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥0 )
1 1
sech−1 𝑥 = cosh−1 (𝑥) csch−1 𝑥 = senh−1 (𝑥) 𝑦 −𝑦 𝑦 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑥2 −𝑥1 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) 𝑚 = 𝑥2 −𝑥1 = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥0 )
2 1 2 1
1
senh 𝑥 cosh 𝑦 = 2 [senh(𝑥 + 𝑦) + senh(𝑥 − 𝑦)]
1
cosh 𝑥 senh 𝑦 = 2 [senh(𝑥 + 𝑦) − senh(𝑥 − 𝑦)] Planos en el espacio
1
cosh 𝑥 cosh 𝑦 = 2 [cosh(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cosh(𝑥 − 𝑦)] 𝐴(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) + 𝐵(𝑦 − 𝑦0 ) + 𝐶(𝑧 − 𝑧0 ) = 0

1 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶𝑧 − 𝐴𝑥0 − 𝐵𝑦0 − 𝐶𝑧0 = 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶𝑧 + 𝐷 = 0

senh 𝑥 senh 𝑦 = 2 [cosh(𝑥 + 𝑦) − cosh(𝑥 − 𝑦)]
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
𝑧 − 𝑧0 = [𝜕𝑥 (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 )] (𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) + [𝜕𝑦 (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 )] (𝑦 − 𝑦0 )
senh−1 𝑥 = ln(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) cosh−1 𝑥 = ln(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1)
|𝐴𝑥1 +𝐵𝑦1 +𝐶𝑧1 +𝐷|
1
tanh−1 𝑥 = 2 ln 1−𝑥
1+𝑥 1
coth−1 𝑥 = 2 ln 𝑥−1
𝑥+1 𝑑= distancia de un punto a un plano
√𝐴2 +𝐵2 +𝐶 2
Identidades vectoriales algebraicas y diferenciales Longitud de arco

𝒂 × (𝒃 × 𝒄) = (𝒂 ∙ 𝒄)𝒃 − (𝒂 ∙ 𝒃)𝒄 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 = ‖𝒂‖‖𝒃‖ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑧 2

𝑑𝑠 = √(𝑑𝑥)2 + (𝑑𝑦)2 + (𝑑𝑧)2 = √( 𝑑𝑡 ) + ( 𝑑𝑡 ) + (𝑑𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡 = ‖𝒄′ (𝑡)‖𝑑𝑡
(𝒂 × 𝒃) × 𝒄 = (𝒂 ∙ 𝒄)𝒃 − (𝒃 ∙ 𝒄)𝒂 𝒂 × 𝒃 = ‖𝒂‖‖𝒃‖ sen 𝜃
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝒔 = (𝑑𝑥, 𝑑𝑦, 𝑑𝑧) = ( 𝑑𝑡 , 𝑑𝑡 , 𝑑𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝒄′ (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝒂∙𝒃×𝒄=𝒂×𝒃∙𝒄
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝐹𝑥 𝜕𝐹𝑦 𝜕𝐹𝑧 𝑏 𝑑𝑥 2𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 2 2
∇𝑓 = (𝜕𝑥 , 𝜕𝑦 , 𝜕𝑧 ) = 𝜕𝑥 î + 𝜕𝑦 ĵ + 𝜕𝑧 k̂ ∇∙𝑭= + + 𝑠 = ∫𝑎 √( 𝑑𝑡 ) + ( 𝑑𝑡 ) + (𝑑𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

î ĵ k̂ 𝑏 𝑑𝑟 2 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑧 2 2
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓 𝑠 = ∫𝑎 √(𝑑𝑡 ) + 𝑟 2 ( 𝑑𝑡 ) + (𝑑𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
∇×𝑭= |𝜕𝑥 | ∇2 𝑓 = + + 𝜕𝑧 2
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2
𝐹𝑥 𝐹𝑦 𝐹𝑧 𝑏 𝑑𝜌 2 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜙 2 2
𝑠 = ∫𝑎 √( 𝑑𝑡 ) + 𝜌2 sin2 𝜙 ( 𝑑𝑡 ) + 𝜌2 ( 𝑑𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑓 𝑔 ∇𝑓−𝑓 ∇𝑔
∇(𝑓𝑔) = 𝑓 ∇𝑔 + 𝑔 ∇𝑓 ∇ (𝑔 ) = 𝑔2 2
𝑏 𝑑𝑦
𝑠 = ∫𝑎 √1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
∇ ∙ (𝑓𝑭) = 𝑓(∇ ∙ 𝑭) + 𝑭 ∙ ∇𝑓
2
∇ ∙ (𝑭 × 𝑮) = 𝑮 ∙ ∇ × 𝑭 − 𝑭 ∙ ∇ × 𝑮 𝛽 𝑑𝑟
𝑠 = ∫𝛼 √(𝑑𝜃) + 𝑟 2 𝑑𝜃 𝑟 = 𝑓(𝜃)
∇∙∇×𝑭=0 ∇ × ∇𝑓 = 𝟎

∇ × (𝑓𝑭) = 𝑓 ∇ × 𝑭 + ∇𝑓 × 𝑭
Área de superficie
∇2 (𝑓𝑔) = 𝑓 ∇2 𝑔 + 2(∇𝑓 ∙ ∇𝑔) + 𝑔 ∇2 𝑓
𝜕𝑓 2 𝜕𝑓 2 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
∇ ∙ (∇𝑓 × ∇𝑔) = 0 𝑑𝑆 = ‖𝑻𝑢 × 𝑻𝑣 ‖𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣 = √(𝜕𝑥 ) + (𝜕𝑦) + 1 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = cos 𝜃
= ̂
𝒏∙k

∇ ∙ (𝑓 ∇𝑔 − 𝑔 ∇𝑓) = 𝑓 ∇2 𝑔 − 𝑔 ∇2 𝑓 𝜕𝑓
𝑑𝑺 = (𝑻𝑢 × 𝑻𝑣 )𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣 = (− 𝜕𝑥 , − 𝜕𝑦 , 1) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝒏 𝑑𝑆
𝜕𝑓

𝑫(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝒙) = [𝑫𝑓(𝑔(𝒙))][𝑫𝑔(𝒙)] 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓

𝑵 ∇[𝑧−𝑓(𝑥,𝑦)] (−𝜕𝑥,−𝜕𝑦,1) 𝑻 ×𝑻
𝒏= ‖𝑵‖
= ‖∇[𝑧−𝑓(𝑥,𝑦)]‖
= = ‖𝑻𝑢×𝑻𝑣‖
2 2 𝑢 𝑣
√(𝜕𝑓) +(𝜕𝑓) +1
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
Fórmula del cambio de variables
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦) 𝜕𝑓 2 𝜕𝑓 2
∬𝐷 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∬𝐷∗ 𝑓(𝑥(𝑢, 𝑣), 𝑦(𝑢, 𝑣)) |𝜕(𝑢,𝑣)| 𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣 𝑆 = ∬𝐷 (√(𝜕𝑥 ) + (𝜕𝑦) + 1) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)

∭𝑊 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 =
𝜕𝑓 2 1 𝜕𝑓 2
𝜕(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧) 𝑆 = ∬𝐷 (√(𝜕𝑟 ) + 𝑟 2 (𝜕𝜃) + 1) 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑟, 𝜃)
∭𝑊 ∗ 𝑓(𝑥(𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤), 𝑦(𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤), 𝑧(𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤)) |𝜕(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)| 𝑑𝑢𝑑𝑣𝑑𝑤

𝜕𝑓 2 𝜕𝑓 2
𝑆 = ∬𝐷 (𝑓 √(𝑓 2 + (𝜕𝜙) ) sen2 𝜙 + (𝜕𝜃) ) 𝑑𝜙𝑑𝜃 𝜌 = 𝑓(𝜃, 𝜙)
Transformación de coordenadas de operadores y campos Campos vectoriales

Coordenadas polares, cilíndricas y esféricas 𝐹𝑟 (𝑟, 𝜃, 𝑧) = cos 𝜃 𝐹𝑥 (𝑟, 𝜃, 𝑧) + sen 𝜃 𝐹𝑦 (𝑟, 𝜃, 𝑧)

𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝐹𝜃 (𝑟, 𝜃, 𝑧) = − sen 𝜃 𝐹𝑥 (𝑟, 𝜃, 𝑧) + cos 𝜃 𝐹𝑦 (𝑟, 𝜃, 𝑧)

𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝑧=𝑧 𝐹𝑧 (𝑟, 𝜃, 𝑧) = 𝐹𝑧 (𝑟, 𝜃, 𝑧)

𝑥 = 𝜌 cos 𝜃 sen 𝜙 𝑦 = 𝜌 sin 𝜃 sen 𝜙 𝑧 = 𝜌 cos 𝜙

𝐹𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = cos 𝜃 𝐹𝑟 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) − sen 𝜃 𝐹𝜃 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)

𝑑𝐴 = 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑉 = 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 = 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑑𝑧 = 𝜌2 sen 𝜙 𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃𝑑𝜙 𝐹𝑦 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = sen 𝜃 𝐹𝑟 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) + cos 𝜃 𝐹𝜃 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)

𝐹𝑧 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝐹𝑧 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)

𝒆𝑟 = cos 𝜃 î + sen 𝜃 ĵ
𝒆𝜃 = − sen 𝜃 î + cos 𝜃 ĵ 𝐹𝜌 (𝜌, 𝜃, 𝜙) = cos 𝜃 sen 𝜙 𝐹𝑥 (𝜌, 𝜃, 𝜙) + sen 𝜃 sen 𝜙 𝐹𝑦 (𝜌, 𝜃, 𝜙)
+ cos 𝜙 𝐹𝑧 (𝜌, 𝜃, 𝜙)
𝒆𝑧 = k̂
𝐹𝜃 (𝜌, 𝜃, 𝜙) = − sen 𝜃 𝐹𝑥 (𝜌, 𝜃, 𝜙) + cos 𝜃 𝐹𝑦 (𝜌, 𝜃, 𝜙)

𝐹𝜙 (𝜌, 𝜃, 𝜙) = cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙 𝐹𝑥 (𝜌, 𝜃, 𝜙) + sen 𝜃 cos 𝜙 𝐹𝑦 (𝜌, 𝜃, 𝜙)

î = cos 𝜃 𝒆𝑟 − sen 𝜃 𝒆𝜃
− sen 𝜙 𝐹𝑧 (𝜌, 𝜃, 𝜙)
ĵ = sen 𝜃 𝒆𝑟 + cos 𝜃 𝒆𝜃

k̂ = 𝒆𝑧
𝐹𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = cos 𝜃 sen 𝜙 𝐹𝜌 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) + cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙 𝐹𝜙 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
− sen 𝜃 𝐹𝜃 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
𝒆𝜌 = cos 𝜃 sen 𝜙 î + sen 𝜃 sen 𝜙 ĵ + cos 𝜙 k̂ 𝐹𝑦 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = sen 𝜃 sen 𝜙 𝐹𝜌 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) + sen 𝜃 cos 𝜙 𝐹𝜙 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
+ cos 𝜃 𝐹𝜃 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
𝒆𝜙 = cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙 î + sen 𝜃 cos 𝜙 ĵ − sen 𝜙 k̂
𝐹𝑧 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = cos 𝜙 𝐹𝜌 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) − sen 𝜙 𝐹𝜙 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
𝒆𝜃 = − sen 𝜃 î + cos 𝜃 ĵ

Gradiente
î = cos 𝜃 sen 𝜙 𝒆𝜌 − sen 𝜃 𝒆𝜃 + cos 𝜃 cos 𝜙 𝒆𝜙
𝜕𝑓 1 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
∇𝑓 = 𝒆 + 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝒆𝜃 + 𝜕𝑧 𝒆𝑧
j = sen 𝜃 sen 𝜙 𝒆𝜌 + cos 𝜃 𝒆𝜃 + sen 𝜃 cos 𝜙 𝒆𝜙 𝜕𝑟 𝑟

𝜕𝑓 1 𝜕𝑓 1 𝜕𝑓
k̂ = cos 𝜙 𝒆𝜌 − sen 𝜙 𝒆𝜙 ∇𝑓 = 𝜕𝜌 𝒆𝜌 + 𝜌 sen 𝜙 𝜕𝜃 𝒆𝜃 + 𝜌 𝜕𝜙 𝒆𝜙
Divergencia Teoremas de integración de campos vectoriales
1 𝜕 1 𝜕𝐹𝜃 1 𝜕
∇ ∙ 𝑭 = 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 (𝑟𝐹𝑟 ) + 𝑟 + 𝑟 𝜕𝑧 (𝑟𝐹𝑧 ) Teorema de Green
𝜕𝜃

1 𝜕 1 𝜕𝐹𝜃 1 𝜕 𝜕𝑄 𝜕𝑃
∇ ∙ 𝑭 = 𝜌2 𝜕𝜌 (𝜌2 𝐹𝜌 ) + 𝜌 sen 𝜙 + 𝜌 sen 𝜙 𝜕𝜙 (sen 𝜙 𝐹𝜙 ) ∮𝜕𝐷 𝑃𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄𝑑𝑦 = ∬𝐷 ( 𝜕𝑥 − 𝜕𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝜃

∮𝜕𝐷 𝑭 ∙ 𝑑𝒔 = ∮𝜕𝐷 𝑭 ∙ 𝑻𝑑𝑠 = ∬𝐷(∇ × 𝑭) ∙ k̂ 𝑑𝐴

Rotacional 𝒄′ (𝑡)
𝑻 = ‖𝒄′ (𝑡)‖ vector tangente unitario
𝒆𝑟 𝑟𝒆𝜃 𝒆𝑧
1
∇ × 𝑭 = 𝑟 | 𝜕𝑟
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
| ∮𝜕𝐷 𝑭 ∙ 𝒏 𝑑𝑠 = ∬𝐷 ∇ ∙ 𝑭 𝑑𝐴
𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧
(𝑦 ′ (𝑡),−𝑥 ′ (𝑡)) (𝑦 ′ (𝑡),−𝑥 ′ (𝑡))
𝐹𝑟 𝑟𝐹𝜃 𝐹𝑧 𝒏= = vector normal saliente unitario
√[𝑥 ′ (𝑡)]2 +[𝑦 ′ (𝑡)]2 ‖𝒄′ (𝑡)‖
𝒆𝜌 𝜌𝒆𝜙 𝜌 sen 𝜙 𝒆𝜃
1
1 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝐴 = 2 ∫𝜕𝐷 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 área de una región en el plano
∇ × 𝑭 = 𝜌2 sen 𝜙 | 𝜕𝜌 𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜃
|
𝐹𝜌 𝜌𝐹𝜙 𝜌 sen 𝜙 𝐹𝜃

Teorema de la divergencia de Gauss

Laplaciano ∭𝑊(∇ ∙ 𝑭) 𝑑𝑉 = ∯𝜕𝑊 𝑭 ∙ 𝑑𝑺 = ∯𝜕𝑊(𝑭 ∙ 𝒏) 𝑑𝑆

1 𝜕 𝜕𝑓 1 𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓
∇2 𝑓 = 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 (𝑟 𝜕𝑟 ) + 𝑟 2 𝜕𝜃2 + 𝜕𝑧 2

1 𝜕 𝜕𝑓 1 𝜕2 𝑓 1 𝜕 𝜕𝑓
Teorema de Stokes
∇2 𝑓 = 𝜌2 𝜕𝜌 (𝜌2 𝜕𝜌 ) + 𝜌2 sen2 𝜙 𝜕𝜃2 + 𝜌2 sen 𝜙 𝜕𝜙 (sen 𝜙 𝜕𝜙)
∬𝑆(∇ × 𝑭) ∙ 𝑑𝑺 = ∬𝑆(∇ × 𝑭) ∙ 𝒏𝑑𝑆 = ∮𝜕𝑆 𝑭 ∙ 𝑑𝒔

Identidades de Green

∯𝜕𝑊 𝑓∇𝑔 ∙ 𝒏 𝑑𝑆 = ∭𝑊(𝑓𝛻 2 𝑔 + ∇𝑓 ∙ ∇𝑔) 𝑑𝑉

∯𝜕𝑊(𝑓∇𝑔 − 𝑔∇𝑓) ∙ 𝒏 𝑑𝑆 = ∭𝑊(𝑓𝛻 2 𝑔 − 𝑔𝛻 2 𝑓) 𝑑𝑉