Mathematics Formula Sheet

Perimeter

square P = 4s

rectangle P = 2l + 2w

triangle P = s1 + s2 + s3

circle (circumference) C = 2πr or πd

Area

square A = s2

rectangle A = lw

triangle A = 1 bh
2
circle A = πr2

parallelogram A = bh

trapezoid A = (1 ) h(b1 + b2)

2

Surface Area and Volume

rectangular/right prism SA = ph + 2B V = Bh

cylinder SA = 2πrh + 2πr2 V = πr2h

pyramid SA = (1 ) ps + B V = (1 )Bh
2 3
cone SA = πrs + πr2 V = (1 )πr2h
3
sphere SA = 4πr2 V = (4 )πr3
3
( p = perimeter of base B; π ≈ 3.14)
 Algebra

slope of a line m = (y2 − y1) / (x2 − x1)

slope-intercept form of the equation of a line y = mx + b

point-slope form of the equation of a line y − y1 = m(x − x1)

standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = y

−b ± b 2 − 4 ac
quadratic formula x=
2a
Pythagorean Theorem a2 + b2 = c2

simple interest I = prt

(I = interest, p = principal, r = rate, t = time)

distance formula d = rt

total cost number of units × price per unit

Data

Mean The total of the values of a data set, divided by the number of elements in the data set
Median The middle value in an odd number of ordered values of a data set or the mean of
the two middle values in an even number of ordered values in a data set
 CHAPTER 1

Whole Numbers and Integers

Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer.
For other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 107.

1. Plot the number 47 on the number line. 8. What is |−42|, simplified?

A. 42
–80 –60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 B. (−42)
C. −42
2. Plot the number −25 on the number line. D. |42|

9. What is the absolute value of 7?

–80 –60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80
A. |7|
B. −7
3. Place the correct symbol, < or >, between the C. (7)
D. 7
numbers: −258 95
10. Which quadrant has positive x values and
4. Place the correct symbol, < or >, between the negative y values?
numbers: −47 −44 A. QI
B. QII
5. Place the correct symbol, < or >, between the C. QIII
D. QIV
numbers: 54 −128
11. Which quadrant has negative x values and
6. What is the opposite of −5, simplified? negative y values?
A. −(−5) A. QI
1 B. QII
B.
5 C. QIII
1 D. QIV
C. –
5
D. 5 12. Which point is the reflection of (−4, 7) in the
x-axis?
7. What is the simplified form of the opposite of
the opposite of 12? A. (−4, −7)
B. (4, −7)
A. −(−12) C. (7, −4)
B. 12 D. (−7, 4)
1
C.
12 13. Which point is the reflection of (0, −2) in the
1 x-axis?
D. –
12
A. (2, 0)
B. (0, 2)
C. (−2, 0)
D. (0, −2)

15
16 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

14. Which point is the reflection of (2, −5) on the 17. In the diagram, circle the point that has the
y-axis? coordinates (4, −5). (Note: On the actual GED®,
you will simply click on the point.)
A. (−2, 5)
B. (5, −2) y
C. (−5, 2) 6
D. (−2, −5) 5
Z
4
15. Which point is the reflection of (0, −3) on the W
3
y-axis?
2
A. (−3, 0) 1
B. (3, 0) x
C. (0, −3) –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–1
1 2 3 4 5 6

D. (0, 3)
–2
–3
16. In the diagram, circle the point that has the
–4
coordinates (−3, 2). (Note: On the actual GED®, Y
you will simply click on the point.) –5
X
y –6

6
5
4 18. Which statement is true?
P
3
S A. −3 < −7
2
B. −3 is to the right of −7 of the number line.
1 C. |−3| > |−7|
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
x D. −3 is to the left of −7 on the number line.
–1
–2 19. Death Valley in California has an elevation of
R
–3 –282 feet. The Dead Sea in the Middle East
Q
–4 has an elevation of –1360 feet. Which of the
–5 following must be true?
–6 A. The Dead Sea is drier than Death Valley.
B. Death Valley is closer to sea level.
C. There are heavier rocks in the Dead Sea.
D. Death Valley is hotter than the Dead Sea.

20. The absolute value expression |−7| represents

A. the distance from 7 to −7.
B. the distance from 7 to 0.
C. the distance from −7 to 7.
D. the distance from −7 to 0.
 Chapter 1 ~ Whole Numbers and Integers 17

21. What is the geometric meaning of −5 < −2? 27. Which number line shows that a number and
its opposite have a sum of 0?
A. −2 is not as negative as −5.
B. −5 is to the left of −2 on the number line.
C. −5 is smaller than −2. A.
D. −2 is to the right of −5 on the number line. 0

22. Albert has a bank balance of –65 dollars.

George has a balance of –44 dollars. Zoe’s B.
balance is –7 dollars; Pat’s balance is –82 0
dollars. Who owes more money to the
bank?
A. Albert C.
B. George 0
C. Zoe
D. Pat
D.
23. The greatest common factor of 42 and 36 0

is ______________________________.
Write your answer in the space provided. 28. Compute 3 − 7.
A. −10
24. What is the least common multiple of 6 and 9? B. −4
C. 4
A. 9
D. 10
B. 18
C. 36
29. Compute 5 − (−6).
D. 54
A. −11
25. Which situation describes quantities B. −1
combining to make 0? C. 1
D. 11
A. An account overdrawn by $1367 receives
a payroll deposit of $756 and a tax refund 30. Add 7 + (−5) + (−9).
deposit of $621. Write your answer in the box.
B. 5 people chip in $17 each to help settle a
friend’s $85 electricity bill.
C. A person contributes $15 to pay for his
share of a $60 dinner bill; his 4 companions
all generously do the same.
31. Compute −3 − (−8) + (−4) − 5.
D. Oil leaks out of a full 75,000-gallon
tank at the rate of 1500 gallons each A. −15
day for 7 weeks before someone B. −10
notices. C. −4
D. 4
26. On a number line, where is the number
−2 + (−7)? 32. Add −9 + 3 + (−4).
A. 7 units to the right of −2 A. 2
B. −7 units to the left of −2 B. −2
C. −7 units to the right of −2 C. −10
D. 7 units to the left of −2 D. −16
18 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

33. Compute −8 − (−10) − 5. 40. Which expression represents the distance

between −5 and 6?
A. −3
B. −23 A. |−5| + |6|
C. −7 B. |−5 + 6|
D. 3 C. |−5| − |6|
D. |−5 − 6|
34. Multiply −7(−9).
41. Plot and label the points.
A. −16
B. −63 y
C. 63 6
D. 16
5
4
35. Multiply 2(−4)(−1).
3
A. −8 2
B. 8 1
C. 7 x
D. −3 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–1
1 2 3 4 5 6

–2
36. Divide −32 ÷ 8.
–3
A. −2 –4
B. 4 –5
C. −4 –6
D. 2

37. Divide 42 ÷ (−6). A (1, −5), B (−2, −3), C (−5, 1)

A. −7 42. A rocket is about to launch. At T:–52 seconds
B. 36 the guidance system starts its final automatic
C. −36 test. The test is over at T:–17 seconds. How
D. 7 long did the test take?
38. Divide −72 ÷ (−9). A. 49 seconds
B. 45 seconds
A. 8 C. 35 seconds
B. −63 D. 39 seconds
C. −81
D. −8 43. Which of the following is undefined?
39. Which of the following is NOT equal to −5? –2 + 2
A.
8 + (–4)
A. −20 ÷ 4
5 + (–2)
B. 20 ÷ (−4) B.
–7 + 7
C. −20 ÷ (−4)
D. −(20 ÷ 4) 4 – (–1)
C.
6–3
–3 + (–1)
D.
4 – (–6)
 Chapter 1 ~ Whole Numbers and Integers 19

44. Arrange these numbers in order from smallest 48. Which subtraction problem is shown by the
to largest: number line?
−15, −20, 13, −2, −8, 6, 0

–9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

smallest largest A. −6 − (−2) = −4

B. 2 − 6 = −4
C. −2 − 4 = −6
45. What is the distance between −7 and 6 on the D. −4 − 2 = −6
number line?
A. −13 49. Frank hears that the average temperature at
B. −1 a science station in Antarctica one winter is
C. 1 –40°C. He knows he can change the Celsius
D. 13 temperature into Fahrenheit by multiplying
the given temperature by 9, adding 160, and
The following question contains a blank marked then dividing by 5. What temperature should
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices. Frank come up with?
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the A. −104°F
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will B. −40°F
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a C. 40°F
choice, it will appear in the blank.) D. 104°F
46. Zero can be described as ________________________. 50. Compute −7(−5) − 4(−8 − 6) ÷ (−2).
Select . . . ▾ A. −217
positive B. 63
negative C. 31
D. 7
neither

47. Which addition problem is shown by the

number line?

–9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

A. −3 + (−8) = 5
B. −3 + 5 = −8
C. 5 + (−8) = −3
D. −3 + (−5) = −8
 CHAPTER 2

Exponents, Roots, and

Properties of Numbers
Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer.
For other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 108.

1. Which is the same as 5 • 5 • 5 • 5 • 5 • 5 • 5 • 5 • 5? 7. Which expression is equivalent to 95 • 93?

A. 9•5 A. 915
B. 5•9 B. 818
C. 59 C. 8115
D. 95 D. 98

2. Rewrite 73 as repeated multiplication. 8. Which expression is equivalent to 46 • 26?

A. 3•3•3•3•3•3•3 A. 636
B. 7•7•7 B. 812
C. 2187 C. 612
D. 343 D. 86

3. Rewrite 2 • 2 • 2 • 2 • 2 with an exponent. 9. Which expression is equivalent to 25 • 35 • 67?

A. 25 A. 612
B. 52 B. 3612
C. 32 C. 36175
D. 10 D. 1112

4. Compute 43. 10. Simplify 73 • 72 • 75.

A. 12 A. 730
B. 81 B. 710
C. 64 C. 34330
D. 256 D. 34310

5. Which number is the base in the expression 11. Simplify 23 • 43 • 53.

8 • 36?
A. 409
A. 3 B. 1127
B. 6 C. 403
C. 8 D. 119
D. 36
12. What is 120?
6. Compute 53. A. 0
Write your answer in the box. B. 1
C. 12
D. 120

21
22 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

13. Simplify (53)4. 20. Rewrite (5–2)–4.

A. 57 1
A.
B. 564 58
C. 581
B. 58
D. 512
C. 400
D. 10,000
14. What is 121?
A. 0 21. Compute 105.
B. 1 Write your answer in the box.
C. 12
D. 121

15. Simplify 3 • 33.

A. 93 22. What is 17?
B. 34 A. 7
C. 33 B. –7
D. 94 C. 0
D. 1
16. Simplify 65(62)3.
A. 611 23. Simplify 24 • 2–9.
B. 610 1
C. 3610 A.
32
D. 3611
B. 1
10
17. Simplify (35)2(34)3. C. –10
A. 3120 D. –32
B. 314 7

C. 349 24. Simplify 35 .

3
D. 322 A. 9
1
18. Simplify 5–2. B.
9
C. 6
A. 1
25 D. 1
B. –10 6
C. –25
1 53
D. 25. Simplify .
10 56
1
A.
19. Simplify (2–3)2. 2
1
A. 36 B.
15
1
B. 1
32 C.
125
1 1
C. D.
64 243
D. –12
 Chapter 2 ~ Exponents, Roots, and Properties of Numbers 23

The following question contains a blank marked 31. Which expression is equivalent to (54 • 79)3?
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
A. 157 • 2112
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the
B. 154 • 219
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
C. 57 • 712
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
D. 512 • 727
choice, it will appear in the blank.)
1
−2 32. Evaluate 100 2 .
26. 10 is ________________________.
Select . . . ▾ A. 50
B. 10
positive 1
C.
negative 200
zero 1
D.
10, 000
27. What is 019? 1
A. 0 33. Evaluate 8 3 .
B. 1 A. 2
C. 19 8
D. –19 B.
3
C. 1
5
⎛7⎞
28. Simplify ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ . 24
⎜⎝ 8 ⎠⎟
D. 512
A. 35
1
40 –
34. Evaluate 25 2 .
57
B. 8 25
5 A. –
1 2
C. 1
5 B.
75 625
D. 5 1
8 C.
5
4
⎛2⎞ D. –625
29. Evaluate ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ .
⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠ –
1
35. Evaluate 1000 3 .
A. 16
12 A. –3000
16 1
B. B.
81 10
8
C.
12 C. – 1000
3
32 D. 3000
D.
243
-1
36. Compute 4 2 .
30. Compute 26 • 56.
A. 2
A. 360 B. 16
B. 60 C. –16
C. 1,000,000 D. –2
D. 420
24 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

1
37. Write 7 2 as a radical. 44. What is 3 27 ?
7 A. 3
A.
2 B. 9
1 C. 6
B. 3 D. 2
2
C. 7 2 45. Which expression is the same as 54 – 30?
D. 7 A. 6(9 – 6)
3
B. 6(9 + 6)
38. Write 9 as an expression with an exponent. C. 6(9 + 5)
A. ( 3 9 )1 D. 6(9 – 5)
1
B. 9 3 46. Which of the following is equivalent to
C. 31 5(7 + 2)?
D. 93 A. 35 + 10
B. 12 + 7
39. Write 6 as an expression with an exponent. C. 35 – 10
1 D. 12 – 7
A. 32
1
B. 3 47. Which is the same as 3(9 – 5)?
1
C. 62 A. 12 – 8
D. 6
1 B. 27 + 15
C. 27 – 15
1
40. Write 4 3 as a radical. D. 12 + 8

A. 3 4 48. Which expression is the same as 64 + 28?

B. 2
A. 20(44 + 8)
C. 4 B. 4(16 + 7)
D. 4
3 C. 14(40 + 14)
D. 8(8 + 3)
41. What is 81 ?
49. Select the expression equivalent to 2(3 + 5 – 4).
A. 18
B. 3 A. 5+1
C. 9 B. 6+1
D. 11 C. 5+7–6
D. 6 + 10 – 8
42. What is 36 ?
Write your answer in the box. 50. Which expression is the same as –6(8 + 3)?
A. –48 – 18
B. –48 + 18
C. 48 – 18
D. 48 + 18
43. What is 3 64 ?
A. 21
B. 8
C. 6
D. 4
 CHAPTER 3

Fractions and Operations

Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer.
For other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 110.

1. Eli’s daughter had a birthday party at Molly 4. Laura runs a food bank. On Monday she gave
Mouse’s Pizza Planet. There were two tables of
away 1 of her stock of flour. On Tuesday she
girls. The girls left to play the games and 4
1
Eli saw that one table had left of a pie and gave away 1 of what was left from Monday.
2 3
the other had left 2 of a pie. Eli added the two On Wednesday she gave away 1 of what was
3 2
and came up with one full pie and one piece left from Tuesday. If she started with 1000
left over. What is the smallest number of pounds of flour, how much was left by the end
pieces that each pie was cut into? of Wednesday?
Write your answer in the box.
A. 0 pounds
B. 250 pounds
C. 333 pounds
D. 500 pounds
2. Perry’s Used Cars gives 1 of the price of a car
8 1 5
as commission to its sales force. The members 5. ÷ =?
3 3
of the sales force share equally in the
commission. If there are 6 people selling cars, 5
A.
how much will each get from a car that sells 9
B. 5
for $7100?
Write your answer in the box. C. 9
5
D. 1
5

3. A company claims its soap is 99 44 percent 6. Toni had a backlog of work to do. On Monday
100
she did 1 of the backlog. If on Tuesday she
pure. What is 44 reduced to its lowest form? 4
100 does the same amount of work (e.g., processes
44 the exact same number of files), what part of
A.
100 the backlog will be left?
22
B.
50 1
A.
8
C. 11
25 1
B.
4
D. 4
10 C. 1
2
D. 2
3

25
26 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

1
7. Lonnie announces a sale of 1 off all 10. Julie usually puts 23 pounds of flour in her
3 4
merchandise and puts special sale tags on cookie recipe, but this time she is short of
every item. Toward the end of the sale, she another ingredient and must cut her flour by
decides to give customers an additional 3
7 pounds. How much flour will she put in
1 5
off the marked-down prices. What is the
3 the recipe?
total discount?
13
1 A. 15 pounds
A. of the original price 20
9 1
2 B. 16 pounds
B. of the original price 2
3
5 of the original price C. 16 4 pounds
C. 9
9
4
4 D. 30 pounds
D. of the original price 9
9
3 1 3
11. Tomasz multiplied by 1 and got for an
5 4 5 4
8. Add 1 and 4 4 . answer. Did he do something wrong?
8 5
1 A. No, that is the correct answer.
A. 3
3 B. Yes, he did not change the mixed number
7 to an improper fraction.
B. 3
40 C. Yes, he forgot to invert the second fraction.
C. 5 9 D. Yes, he did not add 1 when he converted
13 the mixed number to an improper fraction
17 3 5 6
D. 6 (he multiplied by rather than by ).
40 4 5 5
12. In one town are 25 drivers under the age of 21.
3
9. Saul the butcher mixes 15 pounds of beef There are a total of 225 drivers in town. What is
4
the fraction of drivers under 21?
3
and 12 pounds of pork together to make
8 1
A.
sausage. How many pounds of sausage will he 10
get from these two meats? 1
B.
9
3
A. 3 pounds 1
8 C.
8
3
B. 27 pounds 1
4 D.
5
C. 28 1 pounds
8
3
D. 28 pounds
8
 Chapter 3 ~ Fractions and Operations 27

1
13. Aram has 6 pounds of dry grout for tiling 16. Recently, the number of Americans under age
2
7 18 with student loans has increased from
his shower floor. If he takes away 3 pounds
8 14 1
to . Express the difference as a fraction
for the first batch of grout, how much does he 100 5
have left? reduced to its lowest terms.
5 3
A. 2 pounds A.
8 50
4 6
B. 3 pounds B.
5 100
C. 4 pounds 7
C.
4 50
D. 9 pounds
5 13
D.
95
14. Sandi has brewed 55 ounces of iced tea. How
many full glasses of tea can be filled if it takes 11
17. multiplied by its reciprocal
3 45
7 ounces of tea to fill each glass? equals ______________________________________ .
4
Write your answer in the blank.
A. 47 glasses
B. 8 glasses
C. 7 glasses 3
18. What is expressed in 64ths?
D. 6 glasses 4
Write the correct numerator in the box.

15. Cal must cut 5 pieces of lumber, each □

9 64
measuring 11 inches, from an 8-foot board.
16
1 1 19. Which of the following is exactly equal to 1?
If Cal’s saw blade is inch wide (i.e., inch
8 8
of wood is lost on every cut), how much of the A. the reciprocal of 3
board will be left after Cal gets his five pieces? 15
3 3
B. the opposite of times
9 15 15
A. 37 inches
16 15 15
C. divided by
5 3 3
B. 42 inches
16 D. none of these
C. 57 13 inches
16
7
D. 58 inches
16
28 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

144 3 5
20. Reduce to its lowest terms. 24. Subtract 45 from 92 .
216 4 10
18 3
A. A. −46
27 4
2 3
B. B. 46
3 4

C.
36 C. 47 1
54 4
72 1
D. D. 138
108 4

2 1 1 3 2
21. What is the quotient of 7 ÷ 2 ? Leave the 25. + + =
3 2 7 5 10
answer as a reduced improper fraction. Write the correct numerator and denominator in
Write the correct numerator in the box. the boxes.
□ □
25 □
22. What is the lowest common denominator of 2, 26. Emma gets $9 per hour for the first 40 hours
3 21 5 worked per week and time and a half for
, , and ?
8 24 36 hours over that. If she works 48 hours one
A. 36 week, what fractional part of her paycheck is
B. 68 overtime?
C. 70
D. 72 1
A.
13
23. Gabriele has three 1-gallon cans of the same 3
B.
1 13
paint. One gallon is full. The second gallon 7
3 C.
1 3 13
is full, and the third is full. How much paint 10
5 8 D.
is there in total, expressed as gallons? 13

5
A. gallons
16
53
B. gallons
60
C. 109 gallons
120
119
D. gallons
120
 Chapter 3 ~ Fractions and Operations 29

Questions 27–30 each contain a blank marked For questions 34–36, convert each improper fraction
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set to a mixed number. Reduce fractions as needed. Write
of choices. Indicate the choice that is correct your answers in the blanks.
and belongs in the blank. (Note: On the real
GED® test, the choices will appear as a “drop- 34. 17
4
down” menu. When you click on a choice, it
will appear in the blank.)
35. 124
11
3 3
27. 92
54 56 36.
72
Select . . . ▾
For questions 37–41, match the letter shown on the
> number line that corresponds to the given number.
< (Note: On the real GED® test, you will click on the
= letter and “drag” it next to the matching fraction.)
A B C DE F G H I J
5 1
28. 1
4 2 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Select . . . ▾ 2
37. 3 A
> 3
< B
= 38. −1 1 C
2
7 13 D
29.
4 8
E
39. 1 1
2
Select . . . ▾ F
> G
40. 6 4
< 5 H
=
I
3
3 9 41. −
30. 4 J
54 162

Select . . . ▾
>
<
=

For questions 31–33, convert each mixed number to an

improper fraction. Write your answers in the blanks.
1
31. 1
4

7
32. 6
8
7
33. 12
10
30 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

What number is presented by each of the following –1

points on the number line? Match each point to its 48. 16 2

corresponding value. (Note: On the real GED® test, A. 8

you will click on the value and “drag” it next to the
matching point.) B. 1
4
A C D F G C. − 1
4
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 D. −4

42. Point A 2 2
⎛ 1⎞
49. ⎜⎜⎜− ⎟⎟⎟
⎝ 3⎠
2
1 A. −
43. Point C − 9
4 1
B. −
9
C. 1
3 9
44. Point D
4 2
D.
9

3 ⎛2⎞
3
45. Point F −3
4 50. ⎜⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
⎝5⎠
6
A.
5
1
46. Point G −2 8
4 B.
5
C. 6
15
Calculate: 8
D.
125
1
47. 64 3
A. 4
B. 8
1
C. 21
3
D. 192
 CHAPTER 4

Decimal Numbers and Operations

Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer.
For other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 112.

Questions 1–5 each contain a blank marked 6. (–6 × 106) × (–2 × 102) =
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
A. –12 × 108
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the
B. 3 × 104
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
C. 1.2 × 109
appear as a “drop-down”menu. When you click on a
D. –1.2 × 109
choice, it will appear in the blank.)
7. Which number below will give the sum of zero
1. 10.008 10.0008
when added to 1.235?
Select . . . ▾
A. 1.235
> B. –1.235
< C. 2.470
= D. –2.470

2. 0.10235 0.1235 For questions 8–13, write your answers in the blanks.
Select . . . ▾
8. 12.389 + 4.3950 =
>
< 9. 34.56 – 13.23 =
=
10. 7.454 × 2.3 =
3. 19.020 19.02
Select . . . ▾ 11. 21.9555 ÷ 1.23 =

> 12. 1.80264 ÷ 0.203 =

<
= 13. 45.55 × 15 =

4. –11.954 11.945 14. Tony fills his car with gas. His tank holds
Select . . . ▾ 14.0 gallons of gas. He pumps 8.37 gallons
into the tank. If his car averages 27.6 miles
>
per gallon, how far could he have driven
< before running out of gas had he not stopped
= to fill up? Give your answer to the nearest
whole mile.
5. 1.7 × 10 –3 –1.7 × 103
A. 155 miles
Select . . . ▾ B. 386 miles
> C. 462 miles
< D. 617 miles
=

31
32 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

15. Juniata pays $132.50 a month in car payments 19. On the number line, what is the distance
and $675.00 for rent. She spends an average between –1.45 and –8.34?
of $512.50 a month for utilities, food, and
A. –9.79
other necessities. She has savings of $3300.
B. –6.89
How many months of expenses does she have
C. 6.89
saved?
D. 9.79
A. 2
B. 2.5 20. On the number line, what is the distance
C. 3 between –1.989 and 2.735?
D. 3.5
A. 4.724
B. 0.746
16. Terrance pays school taxes at the rate of
C. –0.746
63.55 cents per $1000 dollars of assessed value
D. –4.724
of his family’s home. His family home has an
assessed value of $235,500. What is his school
21. In the number 123.4556, the value of the
tax bill for the year, to the nearest penny?
underlined number is expressed in
A. $14.97
A. tenths.
B. $149.66
B. hundredths.
C. $1,496.60
C. thousandths.
D. $14,966.03
D. hundreds.
17. The average distance from Earth to Mars is
22. In which number below does the digit 5
2.25 × 108 kilometers. Radio waves travel at
represent the greatest value?
approximately 3.0 × 105 kilometers per second.
On average, how many seconds does it take A. 12.354
for a radio signal to go from Mars to Earth? B. 0.543
C. 1.2354
A. 75,000 seconds
D. 15.2534
B. 7,500 seconds
C. 750 seconds
23. Illya bought 0.460 pounds of meat at $5.50 per
D. 75 seconds
pound. How much did the meat cost?
The following question contains a blank marked A. $2.53
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices. B. $5.04
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the C. $5.96
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will D. $11.96
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
choice, it will appear in the blank.) 24. Svetlana bought 4 cans of soup for $1.35 each,
a pound of hamburger for $3.29, and a loaf of
18. In the number 6,430.17, the digit 3 is in the bread for $2.10. There is no sales tax on food
place. in her state. She gave the cashier a $20.00 bill.
How much change should she receive?
Select . . . ▾
A. $9.21
ones B. $6.74
tens C. $10.79
tenths D. $13.26
 Chapter 4 ~ Decimal Numbers and Operations 33

25. Alan needs 7 quarters to do his laundry. What 30. If gasoline costs $4.599 a gallon, how many
is the most he could spend from a $20.00 bill gallons can one buy for $20.00?
and still have enough left to wash his clothes?
A. 2.70 gallons
A. $1.75 B. 4.34 gallons
B. $2.86 C. 4.35 gallons
C. $16.75 D. 4.50 gallons
D. $18.25
31. The cost of electricity in Sara’s town is
26. One week Sam worked 32.75 hours at his job, $0.265 per kilowatt-hour. If she uses 1050
which pays $17.50 per hour. How much did kilowatt-hours of electricity in July, what will
he earn that week before taxes and other her electric bill be for that month?
deductions? Round to the nearest cent.
A. $27.83
A. $50.25 B. $278.25
B. $560.00 C. $1,049.74
C. $573.13 D. $3,962.26
D. $5,731.25
32. The area of an oriental rug is calculated by
27. A seamstress receives $0.95 for every shirt multiplying its length by its width. What is the
sleeve she sews. If she sews an average of area of a rug that is 9.45 feet wide by 12.15 feet
15 sleeves an hour, how much will she make long? Round to two decimal places.
per hour?
A. 11.48 ft2
A. $14.25 B. 21.60 ft2
B. $15.79 C. 114.82 ft2
C. $15.95 D. 216.00 ft2
D. $16.25
Match the rational numbers below to their decimal
28. If a rocket uses 150 kilograms of fuel to orbit equivalents.
1 kilogram of matter, how many kilograms of 5
fuel will be needed to orbit 6 × 104 kilograms 33. 8 A. 0.109375
of matter?
3
A. 900 × 105 kilograms 34. 50 B. 0.625
B. 2.5 × 106 kilograms
C. 4.0 × 104 kilograms 7
35. 64 C. 0.06
D. 9.0 × 106 kilograms

29. Sammie put 11.74 gallons of gasoline in her The following question contains a blank marked
car at a cost of $3.459 per gallon. How much Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
did she pay for the gasoline, rounded to the Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the
nearest cent? blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
appear as a “drop-down”menu. When you click on a
A. $3.39
choice, it will appear in the blank.)
B. $8.28
C. $40.61
36. The number 6,826.743 in scientific notation is
D. $42.00
6.83 × 10 to the power.

Select . . . ▾
3rd
–3rd
34 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

37. Al’s commission for selling homes works 42. Michelle has a $421.55 per month car payment.
out so he gets $0.0125 out of every dollar of If she needs to pay a total of $19,500, including
the sales price. What is Al’s commission on a interest, how many months from now will she
$150,000 house? make her last payment?
A. $187.50 A. 45 months
B. $1,687.50 B. 46 months
C. $1,875.00 C. 47 months
D. $18,750.00 D. 48 months

38. Cal installs new tires and gets paid $1.17 per 43. An excellent 1-carat diamond sells for $1025.
tire or gets paid $10.50 per hour for 8 hours, If 1 carat is 7.05 × 10 –3 ounces, how much
whichever is greater. How much more does he would an ounce of excellent diamonds cost, to
make on a day when he installs 85 tires than the nearest dollar?
he would make if he received just his hourly
A. $145,390
wage?
B. $141,800
A. $9.36 C. $102,500
B. $10.50 D. $14,539
C. $12.43
D. $15.45 44. 100 – 52.72 = .
Write your answer in the blank.
39. Maribel pays $3.98 a yard for cloth. She buys
3.45 yards. How much does she pay? Round to 45. Peter has a job that pays $17.50 per hour for
the nearest cent. 40 hours per week, and he is paid each Friday.
A. $14.00 This week the company deducted $44.94 for
B. $13.73 Social Security, $10.50 for Medicare, $7.00
C. $11.54 for State Disability Insurance, and $79.50
D. $7.43 for Income Tax Withholding. What is Peter’s
take-home pay this week if he has no other
40. It is roughly 93,000,000 miles from Earth to the deductions?
sun. A scientist would express this number as A. $141.94
A. 93,000,000 miles. B. $558.06
B. 93 × 106 miles. C. $700.00
C. 9.3 × 107 miles. D. $841.94
D. 0.0093 × 109 miles.
46. An irregular piece of property that Kerry wants
41. The distance from Earth to the sun is to fence has sides that measure 12.35 meters,
1 astronomical unit (AU) or 1.496 × 109 123.56 meters, 111.23 meters, 73.4 meters, and
kilometers. If Mercury is 0.39 AU from the sun, 45.65 meters. How many meters of fencing
how many kilometers from the sun is it? will Kerry use, assuming a gap of 7.50 meters is
needed for a gate?
A. 10.79 × 106 kilometers
B. 5.8 × 109 kilometers A. 320.54 meters
C. 1.079 × 107 kilometers B. 358.69 meters
D. 5.8 × 108 kilometers C. 366.19 meters
D. 373.69 meters
 Chapter 4 ~ Decimal Numbers and Operations 35

47. The Earth’s mass is 5.9742 × 1024 kilograms, 50. Donny lives 5.7 miles due west of the center of
while the moon’s mass is 7.36 × 1022 kilograms. town on Route 45. His friend Sue lives 8.6 miles
What is an estimate of the sum of the masses, due east of the center of town, also on
expressed in scientific notation? Route 45. Donny’s car holds 13.5 gallons of gas
and gets 32.5 miles a gallon. How many round
A. 1.33 × 1024
trips can he make to see Sue without running
B. 1.39 × 1024
out of gas?
C. 6.05 × 1024
D. 1.33 × 1024 A. 13
B. 14
48. What is 6.022 × 10 –5 in standard form? C. 15
Write your answer in the blank. D. 16

49. Ken Johnson’s place is located 17.35 kilometers

due west of the center of town on Route 17.
Willy Hester’s place is located 11.23 kilometers
due west of the center of town, also on
Route 17. How far from each other do the
two neighbors live?
A. 6.12 kilometers
B. 14.28 kilometers
C. 28.58 kilometers
D. 45.58 kilometers
 CHAPTER 5

Ratios, Rates, and Proportions

Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer. For
other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 114.

1. Which answer expresses the ratio 10 feet to 5. Which answer expresses the rate 200 miles per
12 feet as a fraction in lowest terms? 4 hours as a unit rate?
10
A. A. 200 miles
12 4 hours
12 miles
B. B. 50
10 hours
5 1 hour
C. C.
6 50 miles
D. 6 D.
4 hours
5 200 miles

2. Write the ratio 21 students to 28 students as a 6. Write the rate 42 ounces per 5 mugs as a unit
fraction in lowest terms. rate. Write your answer as a decimal number.
Write your answer in the box. Write your answer in the box.

3. Which answer expresses the rate 24 miles per 7. In the first paragraph of an essay, Carmen
36 minutes as a fraction in lowest terms? wrote 70 words in 6 sentences. Which answer
expresses this as a unit rate?
A. 24
36 2 words
A. 11
2 3 sentence
B.
3
B. 35 words
3 minutes 3 sentences
C.
2 miles 3 sentences
C.
2 miles 35 words
D.
3 minutes 2 sentences
D. 11
3 word
4. Write the rate 20 leaves to 8 twigs as a fraction
in lowest terms. 8. Bud earned $750 for a 40-hour week. What is
Write your answer in the box. Bud’s rate of pay?
A. $16.00 per hour
B. $18.75 per hour
C. $24.00 per hour
D. $30.00 per hour

37
38 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

3 1
9. Isabella built of a model house in a 13. Tinytown has all of its 132 citizens living on the
4 2
40 square miles within its town limits. What is
week. At the same rate, how long will it take
the population density of Tinytown in persons
her to build 6 models?
per square mile?
A. 2 weeks
A. 3.1 persons per square mile
B. 3 weeks
B. 3.2 persons per square mile
C. 4 weeks
C. 3.3 persons per square mile
D. 6 weeks
D. 3.4 persons per square mile
10. Two packets of drink mix should be mixed
14. Marty, a letter carrier, has noticed that the
with 3 quarts of water. Use the double number
time it takes him to complete his route is
line to find how many packets of drink mix to
proportional to the weight of his mailbag
mix with 54 quarts of water.
when he leaves the post office. If it takes him
Packets of drink mix
2 4 3 hours to deliver 8 pounds of mail, how long
Quarts of water does it take him to deliver 10 pounds of mail?
3 6 54
1
A. 3 hours
A. 30 packets 4
B. 33 packets 1
B. 3 hours
C. 36 packets 3
D. 39 packets 2
C. 3 hours
3
11. A hot dog vendor at a ballpark prepares for 3
selling many hot dogs at the same time by D. 3 hours
4
preparing a table of costs per number of hot
dogs. Help the vendor complete the table. 15. Sergio drove 240 miles from Dallas to Houston
Hot dogs 1 2 3 4 in 3.5 hours. What was his rate of speed to the
nearest mile per hour?
Costs 1.50 3.00 4.50 6.00
A. 60 mph
Hot dogs 5 6 7 8 9 B. 64 mph
Costs C. 69 mph
D. 80 mph
12. Maria takes 7 minutes to clear a stack of
12 books for resale at the student bookstore. 16. 127 millimeters is exactly 5 inches. How many
How long will it take her to clear a stack of millimeters is 8 inches?
28 books? A. 203 millimeters
2 B. 203.2 millimeters
A. 15 minutes C. 2.6 millimeters
3
D. 206.4 millimeters
1
B. 16 minutes
3
17. A piece of wood has a mass of 20 grams and
2 a volume of 25 cm3. What is the density of the
C. 16 minutes
3 wood in grams per cm3?
1
D. 17 minutes A. 0.8 g/cm3
3
B. 0.9 g/cm3
C. 1.2 g/cm3
D. 1.3 g/cm3
 Chapter 5 ~ Ratios, Rates, and Proportions 39

18. Celia bought 24 bottles of orange juice for her 22. A large-screen television has an aspect
daughter’s birthday party for a total price of ratio of 16:9. How tall is the screen if it is
$30. What was the unit price of each bottle of 96 centimeters wide?
orange juice?
A. 48 centimeters
A. $1.25 B. 54 centimeters
B. $1.08 C. 56 centimeters
C. $0.80 D. 60 centimeters
D. $0.54
23. Dosage information for a drug specifies that
5 5
19. Kim drew of a picture in of an hour. 2.5 milliliters should be administered for every
8 12
20 kilograms of a patient’s mass. How much of
What is her picture-drawing rate in pictures/
the drug should be given to a patient whose
hour?
mass is 90 kilograms?
A. 2 picture/hour A. 11.25 milliliters
3 B. 11.5 milliliters
3 C. 11.75 milliliters
B. picture/hour
4 D. 12 milliliters
1
C. 1 pictures/hour
2 24. A recipe that serves 4 people calls for
3 1
D. 1 pictures/hour 3 cups of flour. Brie plans to serve this dish
4 2
to 10 friends and relatives at Thanksgiving.
20. The scale on a map of Ohio says that on the How much flour does she need?
map, 2 inches equals 35 miles. What is the
A. 8 cups
distance between Cleveland and Cincinnati,
1
which are 14 inches apart on the map? B. 8 cups
4
A. 140 miles 1
B. 175 miles C. 8 cups
2
C. 210 miles 3
D. 245 miles D. 8 cups
4
21. On the plans for a building, the drawing of a 25. Henri put 12.4 gallons of gas in his car to fill
1 1 it up. Having reset his trip odometer on his
wall measures 3 inches tall by 9 inches
3 2 previous visit to the gas station, during which
wide. The scale says that 1 inch equals 6 feet. he filled up the tank, he noticed that he has
What will be the dimensions of the wall once driven 298.9 miles. What is his mileage?
it is built?
A. 23.9 miles per gallon
A. 19 feet tall by 55 feet wide B. 24.1 miles per gallon
B. 19 feet tall by 57 feet wide C. 24.3 miles per gallon
C. 20 feet tall by 55 feet wide D. 24.5 miles per gallon
D. 20 feet tall by 57 feet wide
40 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

26. A plastic model company sells a model of a 31. Julio walks 264 feet per minute. What is
his rate in miles per hour? (Hint: 1 mile =
battleship at a 1 scale. The battleship is
288 5280 feet.)
864 feet long. How long is the model?
A. 3 miles per hour
A. 2 feet B. 3.5 miles per hour
B. 2.5 feet C. 4 miles per hour
C. 3 feet D. 4.5 miles per hour
D. 3.5 feet
32. A box of a dozen granola bars costs $3.60.
27. Fran drives 27 miles on her paper route in What is the unit cost?
45 minutes. It takes her 2 hours to drive the
A. $0.27 per bar
entire route at the same rate. How long is
B. $0.30 per bar
Fran’s paper route?
C. $0.32 per bar
A. 72 miles D. $0.33 per bar
B. 74 miles
C. 76 miles 33. Brad burns 4.5 gallons of gas driving 99 miles.
D. 78 miles How far can he drive with a full tank of
16 gallons?
28. A scale drawing with a scale of 1 inch = 3 feet
A. 340 miles
is redrawn so that 1 inch = 5 feet. What is the
B. 348 miles
new length of the side of a square that was
C. 352 miles
2 inches on the old drawing?
D. 360 miles
A. 0.8 inch
B. 0.9 inch 34. Are the ratios 14:21 and 48:72 in proportion?
C. 1.1 inches
D. 1.2 inches Check Yes or No.

29. A photo that measures 2 inches wide by 35. Gasoline costs $3.15 per gallon. Which
3 inches tall is blown up so that it is 8 inches equation shows the total cost C of buying
wide. How tall is the new photo? g gallons of gasoline?
A. 11 inches g
A. C =
B. 12 inches 3.15
C. 13 inches B. g = 3.15C
D. 14 inches 3.15
C. g =
C
30. A parade starts in a stadium with a lap around D. C = 3.15g
a football field, then continues through the
city for an additional 3 miles. If a marching
1
band takes 12 minutes to march the -mile
4
track around the field, how long will it take to
march the entire route, at the same rate?
A. 2 hours 12 minutes
B. 2 hours 24 minutes
C. 2 hours 36 minutes
D. 2 hours 48 minutes
 Chapter 5 ~ Ratios, Rates, and Proportions 41

Questions 36–37 are based on the following table. 41. Nick earned $48.75 washing cars for 5 hours.
John earned $58.32 mowing lawn for 6 hours.
Crates 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Put an X next to the name of the person who
Pounds 40 80 120 160 240 280 360 had the higher rate of pay.
Nick
36. What is the unit rate in the table?
John
A. 40 crates per pound
B. 40 pounds per crate 42. A bookstore is having a sale, offering a
1 discount on all books in the store. A book with
C. pounds per crate a regular price of $12.95 is on sale for $7.77.
40
1 At the same discount rate, what is the selling
D. crates per pound price of a book with a regular price of $18.50?
80
A. $5.18
37. How many pounds do 5 crates weigh? B. $5.55
8 crates? C. $10.73
Write your answers in the table. D. $11.10

43. Last year, the manager of a baseball team

bought the season’s supply of 60 baseballs
from a sporting goods store for $1620. This
year he is buying baseballs from the same
38. Fill in the empty cells in the tables to store at the same price, but he hasn’t decided
determine which ratio is smaller, 3 or 5 . how many to buy. Write an equation giving
5 8 the total price T of n baseballs.
Number 3 Number 5 A. n = T + 27
Price 5 40 Price 8 40 B. n = 27T
C. T = 27n
39. Dennis drove 300 miles in 5 hours. Write D. T = n + 27
an equation, using Dennis’s unit rate, that
expresses the relationship between the time t 44. A city is planning to place a 22-foot-high
he drives and the distance D he covers. statue in a local park. The artist who earned
the commission is working from a model
60
A. t = that is 18 inches high. A feature on the model
D
measure 3 inches across. How large will the
60 feature on the completed statue be?
B. D =
t
C. t = 60D A. 2.45 feet
D. D = 60t B. 3.67 feet
C. 4.00 feet
The following question contains a set of choices marked D. 4.33 feet
Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice that is correct
(Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will appear as 45. How far does a car travel in 1 minute at the
a “drop-down”menu. When you click on a choice, it will rate of 75 miles per hour?
appear in the blank.) Write your answer in the blank.
40. Are the ratios 18:81 and 34:154 in proportion?
Select . . . ▾
yes
no
42 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

46. The chef at a restaurant gets 20 bowls of soup 48. Jeanine keeps careful records on the
from a 5-quart pot. How much more soup performance of her automobile. The table
could he get from a 9-quart pot? shows the amount of fuel she recorded for
trips of different lengths:
A. 36 bowls
B. 20 bowls Distance (miles) 72 144 192 288 336 360
C. 16 bowls Fuel (gallons) 3 6 8 12 14 15
D. 4 bowls

The following question contains a blank marked Which equation relates the trip distance
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices. (D) to the amount of fuel used (f)?
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the A. D = 24f
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will B. D = 72f
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a C. D = 24 + f
choice, it will appear in the blank.) 72
D. D =
f
47. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, San
Francisco has a population of 805,000 living 49. The speed of light is roughly 186,000 miles
in a land area of 47 square miles, while Poplar per second. How many minutes does it
Hills, Kentucky, has 362 citizens occupying take for light to arrive from the sun, which is
0.02 square miles of land. has the 93,000,000 miles away?
higher population density. Write your answer in the blank.
Select . . . ▾
San Francisco 50. Bulk flour costs $1.79 per pound. How many
Poplar Hills pounds of flour can be purchased for $17.37?
Write your answer in the blank.
 CHAPTER 6

Percents and Applications

Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer.
For other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 117.

Express each decimal number as a percent. Write your Express each percent as a fraction or mixed number
answers in the blanks. reduced to lowest terms. Write your answers in the
blanks.
1. 0.175
11. 32.5%

2. 0.8
12. 60%

3. 6.605
13. 6%

4. 15.20
14. 185%

5. 0.0017 15. 0.35%

Express each percent as a decimal number. Write your

Match each fraction or mixed number with its
answers in the blanks.
corresponding percent.
6 16. 11%
6. A. 140%
10
2
7. B. 287.5% 17. 4%
3
7
8. C. 300%
5
18. 2756%
9. 3 D. 66.67%
7 3
10. 2 E. 60% 19. 7 %
8 16

20. 0.0076%

43
44 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

21. A pair of gloves retails for $17.89. If the sales 26. Imelda bought a guitar with no money down
1 and has a loan for $1150 at 6% per year. If she
tax is 8 %, what is the total cost of the pays off the loan after 4 months, what is the
2
gloves? total cost of the guitar?

A. $19.32 A. $1,167.25
B. $19.41 B. $1,173.00
C. $26.39 C. $1,219.00
D. $32.20 D. $1,840.00

22. A game console that lists for $159.95 is on sale 27. Sydney buys her textbooks online and spends
3
1 $1147. The sales tax in her town is 5 %, but
at a discount of 15%. If there is a 5 % sales 4
4 the bookseller does not charge tax on Internet
tax, how much will Jane pay for the console? sales. Before she pays for shipping, how much
(Round up to a whole cent.) has she saved by not paying sales tax? (Round
A. $143.10 to the nearest cent.)
B. $168.35 A. $6.60
C. $180.20 B. $57.35
D. $183.94 C. $65.95
D. $68.82
23. A bag of Spot’s dog food usually costs $36.99.
It is on sale today at 20% off. In addition, his 28. Ashanti’s Bike Store makes a profit of 17.5% on
owner has a coupon good for 10% off any sales. If this month’s profit is $2175, how much
purchase. What is the cost of the dog food did the store sell this month? (Round to the
before sales tax? nearest cent.)
A. $33.29 A. $38,062.50
B. $29.59 B. $12,428.57
C. $26.63 C. $3,806.25
D. $25.89 D. $2,192.50

24. Susan unloaded 168 boxes of books from a 1

29. After paying a 6 % sales tax, Jerome paid
shipment of 1052. What percentage of the 4
shipment is left to unload? (Round to a whole $135.20 for a set of Blu-ray discs that listed for
number.) $149.70 but was on sale at a discount. To the
nearest whole percent, what was the discount
A. 16% on the set before sales tax?
B. 48%
C. 84% A. 6%
D. 86% B. 7%
C. 14%
25. Rufus owes $9250 in no-interest student loans. D. 15%
After paying off 32% of what he owes, how
much will he still have to pay?
A. $6290
B. $2960
C. $7215
D. $3046
 Chapter 6 ~ Percents and Applications 45

30. To be considered a periodical under the post 34. Preston is looking at a watch that costs $9.99,
office’s rules, a magazine must have no more but he only has $10 to spend. Sales tax is 6%.
than 25% advertising content. The present How much more money does Preston need
issue of the magazine that Aram manages in order to purchase the watch?
has 172 pages but is 28.5% ads. How many
A. $0.61
pages must Aram convert from ads to non-
B. $0.60
advertising content to meet the post office’s
C. $0.59
requirement?
D. $0.58
A. 4
B. 5 35. The number of traffic accidents in our city has
C. 6 dropped by 17% this year. If last year’s total
D. 7 was 475, what is this year’s total?
A. 281
31. There are about 150 million registered voters
B. 394
in the United States. Pollsters question 2056
C. 400
of them to get an accurate prediction of
D. 600
an upcoming vote, to a plus or minus 4%
accuracy. Approximately what percent of the
36. A fully fueled AeroTrans 474 passenger jet
voters is this?
airplane weighs 987,000 pounds at takeoff. It
A. 0.0014% carries 422,000 pounds of fuel. What percent
B. 0.014% of the aircraft’s takeoff weight is fuel?
C. 0.14%
A. 23%
D. 1.4%
B. 43%
C. 57%
32. Bill’s Bikes has sold $3036.00 worth of
D. 77%
merchandise this month. That is a 15%
increase over last month. And last month saw
37. Levi paid $180.00 for a set of dishes listed at
a 10% increase over the month before. How
$225.00. What was the discount, to the nearest
much merchandise did Bill’s Bikes sell two
percent?
months ago?
A. 80%
A. $3021
B. 53%
B. $3011
C. 20%
C. $2640
D. 12.5%
D. $2400
38. For telephone and Internet service, Jenna pays
33. There are 207,634,000 Americans who are
$63.70 a month, including 7.95% in various
eligible to vote, but only 150 million are
taxes. What is the cost of the telephone and
registered to vote. In the 2012 presidential
Internet service before tax?
election, only 57% of registered voters
participated. What percentage of eligible A. $68.76
voters does this represent? B. $61.95
C. $59.00
A. 40
D. $35.48
B. 41
C. 43
D. 45
46 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

39. If Leda pays her bill for duck food early, she 44. Yaakov paid one month’s interest of $76.00 on
can get a 1.5% discount. How much can she a $5000 loan. What was the interest rate on the
save on a bill of $3720? loan, expressed as a percentage, per year?
A. $74.40 A. 1.52%
B. $55.80 B. 15.2%
C. $37.20 C. 1.82%
D. $5.58 D. 18.2%

40. Tonya gets a 15% discount on merchandise 45. Elita bought a scarf on sale for $14.49 after a
she buys at work. If she pays $170 for some 16% discount. What was the scarf’s original
merchandise, what would it have cost her price?
without the discount?
A. $17.25
A. $113.30 B. $17.34
B. $165.00 C. $12.88
C. $200.00 D. $14.95
D. $225.45
The following question contains a blank marked
41. Tom buys an investment. Its value drops by Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
50% one month. The next month, though, its Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the
value increases by 50%. What is the result at blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
the end of the second month? appear as a “drop-down”menu. When you click on a
choice, it will appear in the blank.)
A. The value has not changed.
B. The value has increased by 50%.
46. Kalee made an investment that performed as
C. The value has decreased by 25%.
shown in the chart below. At the end of four
D. The value has decreased by 50%.
months, there was a net .
42. Federal tax on airline tickets is 7.5%. How Select . . . ▾
much does a ticket for a round trip to Orlando gain
from Chicago, listed at $269, cost after taxes?
loss
A. $289.18
B. $299.22
C. $314.29
D. $370.75 Month Percent change from prior month
1 +10%
43. Last year 1,320,000 people visited the state fair.
This year 1,544,400 visited. What percentage 2 –5%
increase or decrease was this, to the nearest 3 +2%
whole percent?
4 –7%
A. 15
B. 16
C. 17
D. 18
 Chapter 6 ~ Percents and Applications 47

47. Marisa pays 6.2% Social Security tax, 49. Tara makes a batch of tortilla dough with
1.45% Medicare, and 14% federal income 100 pounds flour, 9 pounds of shortening,
tax withholding each pay period. How and 3 pounds of baking soda. What percent
much is left after taxes from a paycheck of the batch is shortening?
of $718.15?
A. 8%
A. $707.74 B. 9%
B. $670.81 C. 3%
C. $617.61 D. 12%
D. $562.67
50. Ishmael sells yachts and sold $90,000 worth
48. Zane, a plumber, buys a part on sale at 25% of yachts this month. That is an increase of
off. In addition, he gets 15% off his entire order. 20% over last month’s sales. But last month
If the part’s list price is $555.00, what is its cost was 20% less than the month before. What
after the discounts? were Ishmael’s sales two months ago?
A. $194.25 A. $50,000
B. $208.13 B. $75,000
C. $333.00 C. $90,200
D. $353.81 D. $93,750
 CHAPTER 7

Statistics
Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer. For
other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 119.

For questions 1–4, use this table of experimental data. For questions 5–10, use the data set {1, 3, 14, 28, 2, 18,
27, 86, 34, 45, 44, 36, 21, 11, 51, 23, 37, 52, 29, 41, 33,
X 2 7 4 5 9 1 6 3 11 8 19, 24, 38, 15, 87}.
Y 14 47 29 35 63 8 42 22 77 56
5. What is the median of the data set?
1. What kind of probability model can be made
from these data if X is the input and Y the result? A. 27.5
B. 28
A. None, the data are random. C. 28.5
B. One in which the data are approximately D. 29
proportional
C. One in which the data are inversely 6. Draw a histogram of the data set, grouping
proportional the data by multiples of 10, for example, 1–10,
D. One in which the data are related by a 11–20, 21–30, and so on.
power of 2

2. Which equation below expresses the model?

A. There is no equation possible.
B. Y = 7X + a
C. Y = X2 + a
D. Y = 7X

3. What is the most probable reason that not all 7. Which, if any, of the data might be considered
the data fit the model exactly? outliers?
A. The data are poorly recorded. Write your answer in the blank.
B. There is no relation between the data and
the model.
C. Each data point is subject to random 8. Is the median a good measure of the center?
effects.
D. There is no reason. Check Yes or No.

4. If the best-fit curve on the scatter plot of 9. What is the mode of the data set?
these data is a straight line passing through
A. 28.5
the origin, what CANNOT be said about the
B. 31.5
relationship between variables?
C. 86
A. The two variables are proportional. D. There is no mode.
B. The equation relating the variables will
need an added constant. 10. What is the range of the data set?
C. The data are probably not random. Write your answer in the blank.
D. The slope of the best-fit line approximates
the proportion between variables.

49
50 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

For questions 11–15, use the data set 16. What is the modal class of this week’s sales?
{2, 11, 8, 10, 6, 11, 7, 14, 20, 9, 1}.
A. 0–$50
B. $51–$100
11. What is the mean of the data set?
C. $101–$150
A. 1 D. $151–$200
B. 7
C. 9 17. What is the median amount of sales?
D. 11
A. $51–$100
B. $101–$150
12. What is the median value of this data set?
C. $151–$200
A. 1 D. $201–$250
B. 7
C. 9 Use the following for questions 18–20.
D. 19
A tree diagram for drilling wildcat wells is given
13. What is the mode of this data set? below. The numbers are decimal probabilities.
A. 7 Drilling Product Amount
B. 8
C. 9 0.3 vera
ge
D. 11 ov
e a
Ab 0.4
Average
14. What is the range? Be
0.4 low 0.3
l
A. 3 Oi av
era
ge
B. 6
C. 15
D. 19 1 ell 0.6 5 age
0.1 ic w Ga 0.0 aver
om s e
on ov
Ec Ab 0.8
15. If an integer x is added to the data set and Average
x ≥ 10, what is the median of the set? Be
low 0.15
D 0.
fur ry ho 89 av
A. 9.5 the le
r a (no
era
ge
cti
B. 10 vit
y)
C. 18
D. 19
18. The most likely occurrence of a productive
Use the following for questions 16–17. well is
A. an average oil well.
Angela is a supervisor at a department store. She
B. an average gas well.
developed this chart to check the dollar amount of
C. an above-average gas well.
sales made by various salespersons.
D. an above-average oil well.
Sales # Salespersons
19. The least likely productive well is
$0–$50 1
$51–$100 3 A. an average oil well.
$101–$150 7 B. an average gas well.
C. an above-average gas well.
$151–$200 6 D. an above-average oil well.
$201–$250 4
 Chapter 7 ~ Statistics 51

20. Assume a profitable economic well produces 25. What is her grade point average, the weighted
an average income of $23 million, while the mean of her grades?
average cost of a dry hole is $1.2 million. How
A. 2.50
much profit can be expected from a 100-well
B. 2.70
drilling program?
C. 3.37
A. $106.8 million D. 3.50
B. $146.2 million
C. $253.0 million Use the following for questions 26–30.
D. $359.8 million
Terri has grades of 75, 87, 96, 75, and 88 prior to the
Use the following for questions 21–23. final exam in her math class.

Out of 100 people surveyed, 52 owned cats, 44 owned 26. What the average of Terri’s grades?
dogs, and 4 owned guinea pigs.
A. 79
B. 82
21. Portray these data in a pie chart.
C. 84
D. 90
22. What percent of the people surveyed owned
either a cat or a dog? 27. What the range of Terri’s grades?
A. 96% A. 13
B. 52% B. 21
C. 44% C. 84
D. 4% D. 87

23. What is the ratio of dog owners to cat owners? 28. If all the grades are weighted equally, what
Write the ratio in the boxes. would Terri need to make on the final exam to
average an A in the class (A ranges between 90
: and 100 points)?
A. 90
Use the following for questions 24–25. B. 95
C. 100
Sylvia has credit hours and grades as shown on the D. It is impossible for her to get an A with
chart. Her school gives 4 points for an A, 3 points those grades.
for a B, 2 points for a C, 1 point for a D, and nothing
for an F. 29. What is the lowest grade she may get on the
final exam, if it carries a double weight, to get
Grades A B C D F a grade of B? (B ranges between 80 and 89
Credit hours 16 27 18 8 1 points.)
Grade points
per credit 4 3 2 1 0 A. 80
hour B. 69
C. 58
24. How many total grade points did Sylvia earn D. It is impossible for her to not get a B with
from As and Bs combined? those grades.
A. 27
B. 64
C. 81
D. 145
52 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

30. If the final carries a triple weight, what is the 35. If Elena’s teacher drops each student’s lowest
minimum grade Terri needs to get an A in the grade, what would Elena’s new average be?
course if an A requires an average of 90?
A. 86
A. 90 B. 87
B. 99 C. 88
C. 100 D. 89
D. It is impossible for her to get an A with
those grades. 36. If the final exam carries double weight, what
would Elena’s new average be?
Use the following for questions 31–38.
A. 87
B. 88
Elena’s math scores C. 89
Test 1 78 D. 90
Test 2 83
Test 3 81 37. If each test is 10%, the midterm is 20%, and the
Midterm exam 85 final exam is 30% of her grade, what is Elena’s
Test 4 89 weighted average?
Test 5 94 A. 88
Final Exam 96 B. 89
C. 90
31. What is the average of Elena’s math grades? D. 92
A. 85 38. Draw a line graph of Elena’s seven grades from
B. 86 the chart.
C. 87
D. 88

32. What is the mode of Elena’s math grades?

A. 85
B. 86
C. 87
D. There is no mode. Use the following for questions 39–44.
33. What is the range of Elena’s math grades?
Write your answer in the box. Mrs. Webster surveyed her class of 20 students. She
asked each student to identify his or her favorite
sport out of a list of five sports. Each student could
only choose one sport and everyone participated.
The results of the survey are shown in the chart.
34. What is the median of Elena’s math grades?
Football 8
A. 85
B. 86 Basketball 5
C. 87
D. 88 Baseball 4
Soccer 2
Hockey 1
 Chapter 7 ~ Statistics 53

39. Label the pie chart with the appropriate 44. What is the difference between the fraction of
sports. the class that chose basketball before the new
students joined and the fraction of the class
Favorite Sports that chose basketball after the new students
joined?
A. 1
20
B. 1
9
C. 1
5
D. 1
4

40. What percent of the class chose baseball?

A. 10% Use the following for questions 45–48.
B. 20%
C. 25% In Mrs. Espinol’s class of 25 students, the average
D. 40% score on the final exam is 85, with a standard
deviation of seven.
41. What is the ratio of football fans to soccer fans?
Write your answer in the box. 45. Draw the bell curve for the exam scores.
:

42. What fraction of the class chose hockey?

1
A.
20
1
B. 46. What is the range one standard deviation from
10
1 the mean?
C.
5 A. 7
1 B. 14
D.
4 C. 28
43. If five more students join the class and all D. 64
five chose soccer as their favorite sport, what
percent of the class now favors soccer? 47. Approximately what percent of the class
passed the final exam if a passing score is
A. 10% above a 70?
B. 28%
C. 32% A. 70%
D. 35% B. 84%
C. 96%
D. 98%
54 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

48. How many students scored above 92? 49. What is the median weight?
A. 2 A. 200 pounds
B. 4 B. 180 pounds
C. 14 C. 170 pounds
D. 16 D. 160 pounds

Use the following for questions 49–50. 50. What is the range of the data in the second
and third quartiles?
Wrestling Team Weights
150 160 180 200 250 A. 10
B. 20
C. 40
D. 50

150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250
Pounds
 CHAPTER 8

Probability and Counting

Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer. For
other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 123.

Use the following for questions 1–4. 5. Mrs. Denton has 10 test questions to choose
from to make up a five-question section of an
WINK, Inc., conducted a demographic study of exam. How many combinations of questions
thousands of families that have exactly three are possible?
biological children.
A. 15
B. 50
1. What is the percentage probability that a
C. 252
randomly selected family in the study will have
D. 500
all boys?
A. 50% Use the following for questions 6–8.
B. 25%
C. 12.5% Said is getting dressed without turning on the light
D. 6.25% so that he won’t wake his brother. He is picking
socks, but he cannot tell the colors of the socks in
2. What is the percentage probability that all the his sock drawer in the dark. He knows that there are
children in a randomly selected family will be 12 black socks, 8 red socks, and 16 brown socks in
the same gender? the drawer.
A. 40%
6. If Said picks out a brown sock first, what is the
B. 25%
probability that he will need to make at least
C. 12.5%
three picks to get a pair?
D. 10%
A. 3
3. What is the percentage probability that a 4
randomly selected family in the study will have B. 4
at least one girl? 7
C. 4
A. 50% 9
B. 75% D. 1
C. 87.5% 3
D. 100%
7. If Said draws a brown sock first and then a
4. Construct a probability tree for the different black sock, what is the probability that he will
arrangements of genders of children in a make a matched pair on his next pick?
randomly selected family. Use this tree to A. 13
determine the probability of a family having 17
two girls and one boy. B. 15
34
C. 11
34
D. 1
17

55
56 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

8. None of the first three socks Said picks are the 11. What is the probability that six letters
same color. What is the probability that he will randomly selected from the alphabet will be
not make a matched pair with his next pick? picked in alphabetical order?
A. 100% A. 3
B. 67% 13
C. 33% B. 1
D. 0% 20
C. 1
Use the following for questions 9–10. 120
D. 1
720
Angela is a supervisor at a department store. She
developed this chart to check the dollar amount of 12. If a fair coin is tossed four times, what is the
sales made by various salespersons. probability of getting tails exactly twice?
Sales # Salespersons A. 1
4
$0–$50 1
$51–$100 3 B. 3
8
$101–$150 7 1
C.
$151–$200 6 2
$201–$250 4 D. 3
4
13. Write the proper word in each blank. You may
9. If a salesperson is picked at random, what
use some terms more than once or not at all.
is the probability that a person who sold
between $201 and $250 worth of merchandise
heads mean mode median
will be chosen?
random result tails three
A. 4
21 Given a fair coin, the most likely ______________
B. 6 of six separate flips is ______________________
21 ______________ and _____________________
C. 10 _______________, which is also the __________
21 of the _____________ data set.
D. 17
21 14. If a fair coin is flipped four times, what is the
10. What is the probability that a salesperson probability of getting four heads?
picked at random will have sold more than A. 1
$150 worth of merchandise? 16
A. 4 B. 1
21 8
B. 6 C. 1
21 4
1
C. 10 D.
2
21
D. 17
21
 Chapter 8 ~ Probability and Counting 57

15. If a fair coin is flipped three times, what is the 19. If Noah wants to layer two shirts, how many
probability of getting heads, tails, heads, in outfits can he make consisting of two shirts,
that order? one pair of pants, and one pair of shoes?
A. 1 A. 96
16 B. 112
B. 1 C. 336
8 D. 672
C. 1
4
20. If Noah chooses two shirts at random, what is
D. 1
the probability that he will pick two shirts of
2
the same style?
16. If a fair coin is flipped six times, what is the
A. 1
probability that the result will include at least 64
one head? 1
B.
56
A. 1
64 C. 1
B. 1 28
12 1
D.
8
C. 3
4 Use the following for questions 21–24.
D. 63
64 The partial result of a survey of factory staff is given
17. Matthew flips a fair coin four times and gets below.
four tails. What can he conclude from this
experiment? Staff Male Female
Assembler 7 3
A. The coin is not fair. Finisher 2 11
B. If the next throw is heads, then the coin is fair.
C. If the next throw is tails, the coin is not fair. 21. What is the probability that an employee
D. Nothing conclusive about the fairness of picked at random will be a male?
the coin can be said.
A. 2
9
Use the following for questions 18–20.
B. 7
23
Noah has eight different shirts. Two of the shirts are
T-shirts, two are dress shirts, two are sweatshirts, C. 9
23
and two are polo shirts. He has four different pairs 16
D.
of pants, and three different pairs of shoes. 23
18. If an outfit consists of one shirt, one pair 22. What is the probability that an employee
of pants, and one pair of shoes, how many picked at random will be a male assembler?
distinct outfits can Noah make? A. 2
9
A. 8
B. 13 B. 7
23
C. 32
D. 96 C. 9
23
D. 16
23
58 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

23. If two employees are picked at random, what 27. If Jack has already selected the numbers 10, 5,
is the probability that both will be female? and 21 and did not return them to the pool,
what is the probability that his next pick will
A. 14
23 be the number 1?
B. 13 A. 1
22 3
C. 91 B. 1
253 10
D. 27 C. 1
506 27
24. What is the probability that an employee D. 1
30
picked at random will be a female or a finisher?
Use the following for questions 28–30.
A. 2
9
B. 7 The mathematics department at Babin College has
23 six women and eight men as instructors. The dean
C. 9 must select a committee of two women and two
23 men for peer-review duties.
D. 16
23 28. How many different possible committees are
there?
25. In a famous mathematical problem, a salesman
must fly to several cities without visiting the A. 4
same one twice. The problem is to find the B. 15
most economical itinerary, but to do this a C. 28
computer must calculate each possible itinerary. D. 420
If there are seven cities to be visited, how many
itineraries must the computer calculate? 29. If the committee is selected at random, what
is the probability that the first pick will be a
A. 5,040
woman?
B. 49
C. 28 A. 1
14
D. 7
B. 1
Use the following for questions 26–27. 6
Jack is setting up teams to play a softball C. 1
7
tournament. To be fair, he assigns each team a
number from 1 to 30 and writes the numbers on D. 3
7
slips of paper. He puts the pieces of paper in a bag
and draws numbers randomly. 30. If the committee members were selected at
random without regard to the requirement
26. If Jack chooses one slip of paper out of the that the committee be gender balanced,
30 in the bag, what is the probability that the what is the percentage probability that the
number he chooses will be a multiple of three? committee will end up all women?
A. 1 A. 0.45%
3 B. 1.45%
B. 1 C. 14.5%
10 D. 43%
C. 1
27
D. 1
30
 Chapter 8 ~ Probability and Counting 59

Use the following for questions 31–32. 35. How many unique cars can be made if there
are seven choices of colors?
An American roulette wheel has 38 numbers. Two Write your answer in the box.
are colored green; the other 36 are equally divided
between red and black. You may play red or black.
If your color comes up, you win, but if a green
number comes up, no one wins.
36. One hundred tickets are sold for a raffle. You
31. On a random spin, what is the percentage bought five tickets and won neither the first
probability that no one will win? nor the second prize. What is the probability of
your winning third prize?
A. 0
1 A. 3
B. 100
19 3
1 B.
C. 98
18 1
C.
D. 18 20
19 5
D.
32. What is the approximate percentage 98
probability that you will win if you bet on red? Use the following for questions 37–38.
A. 47%
B. 50% A combination lock has numbers from 0 to 30 and
C. 53% takes a three-number combination to open it.
D. 65%
37. If you walk up and try all the combinations
33. In a group of 30 people, 6 are from California. that have three identical numbers, such as
If three people are selected from the group, 12–12–12 or 7–7–7, what is the probability you
what is the probability that at least one will be will open the lock?
from somewhere other than California? A. 1
961
A. 4 B. 3
5
1 961
B. 1
203 C.
202 31
C. 3
203 D.
31
D. 224
225 38. If the combination must be made up of
Use the following for questions 34–35. three distinct numbers, how many possible
combinations are there?
An automobile manufacturer offers a choice of five Write your answer in the box.
colors, three engine sizes, and two transmissions.

34. How many unique cars can be made from

these choices?
A. 10
B. 15
C. 30
D. 60
60 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

39. A statistician tosses a thumbtack in the air 43. If two cards are chosen at random, what is the
250 times. He records that the thumbtack probability of drawing a 7 and a 2?
lands point up 165 times. What is the
A. 1
probability that the thumbtack will land 26
point up on a single toss? B. 8
Write your answer in the box. 103
C. 4
51
D. 103
663
Use the following for questions 40–44.
44. If the first four cards drawn from the deck are
A standard deck of cards has 52 cards with four a king, a queen, a jack, and a 10, what is the
suits of 13 cards each: hearts, diamonds, clubs, probability that the fifth card drawn will be an
and spades. Hearts and diamonds are red; clubs ace?
and spades are black. The 13 cards in each suit are
A. 1
numbered from 2 to 10, plus each suit has a jack, 12
queen, king, and ace. B. 4
13
40. If one card is chosen at random, what is the
C. 4
probability that it will not be a king? 51
A. 1 D. 12
12 13
B. 4
13 Use the following for questions 45–50.
C. 4
51 A standard six-sided die has one number (from
12 1–6) on each face. Each number has the same
D.
13 probability of landing face up in a random toss of
the die.
41. If one card is chosen at random, what is the
probability of drawing either a 3 or a heart? 45. If one die is rolled, what is the probability of
A. 1 not rolling a 2?
12
A. 1
B. 4 36
13
B. 1
C. 4 12
51
12 C. 1
D. 4
13
D. 5
42. If the first card chosen from the deck was 6
a king, what is the probability of drawing a 46. If a pair of dice is rolled, what is the probability
queen on the second draw? of not rolling a 6 on either die?
A. 1 A. 1
12 36
B. 4 B. 11
13 36
C. 4 C. 25
51 36
D. 12 D. 5
13 6
 Chapter 8 ~ Probability and Counting 61

47. If a pair of dice is rolled, what is the probability 49. If a pair of dice is rolled, what is the probability
of rolling a 3 and a 4? that both will land on an odd number?
A. 1 A. 1
36 36
B. 1 B. 1
12 12
C. 1 C. 1
4 4
D. 5 D. 5
6 6
48. If a pair of dice is rolled, what is the probability 50. If a pair of dice is rolled, what is the probability
that the sum of the dice is less than four? of rolling a 2 or a 3 on at least one die?
A. 1 A. 1
36 6
B. 1 B. 4
12 9
C. 1 C. 5
4 9
D. 5 D. 2
6 3
 CHAPTER 9

Geometry
Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer. For
other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 127.

1. Lori has a garden broken into three plots as 3. In a right triangle with legs a and b, if the
shown below. The areas of two of the plots are lengths of the legs are doubled, then the
given in square feet and the length of one side length of the hypotenuse is .
of each of two plots is given. What is the total
Select . . . ▾
area of the garden in square feet?
halved
doubled

4. What happens to the area of a right triangle if

each side is doubled in length?
A. It increases by a factor of 1.41.
800 ft2 B. It decreases by a factor of 1.41.
C. It increases by a factor of 4.
D. It decreases by a factor of 4.
400 ft2

5. Andrea must paint an antique sign composed

of three spheres, each of which has a diameter
20 ft 20 ft of 12 inches. Each can of paint covers
288 square inches. How many cans of paint
A. 200 ft2 must Andrea buy to do the job?
B. 400 ft2 A. 4
C. 800 ft2 B. 5
D. 1,400 ft2 C. 6
D. 7
2. If Lori wants to replace the perimeter fence,
how many feet of fencing, which is sold in 6. Given a square 4 feet on a side, what is the
whole feet, will she need to buy? area of the largest circle that fits within the
A. 149 feet square?
B. 148 feet A. 25.14 square feet
C. 120 feet B. 12.56 square feet
D. 50 feet C. 6.28 square feet
D. 14 square feet
The following question contains a blank marked
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
7. For the square described in question 6, the
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the area outside the circle but inside the square is
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will square feet.
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a Write your answer in the blank.
choice, it will appear in the blank.)

63
64 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

8. A rectangle 6 feet wide has a circle with a

diameter of 6 feet inscribed within. How high
is the rectangle if the areas within the circle 11. _______
and outside the circle are equal? Volume

A. 3.42 feet
10. ______
B. 6.28 feet Area
C. 7.74 feet
D. 9.42 feet

9. Kathryn is designing a hood for a barbecue

grill. The top is to be 36 inches wide and has
13. _______
ends as shown in the illustration below. How Volume
many square inches of sheet metal will be
needed for the hood?
12. ______
A. 2100.6 square inches Area
B. 2305.5 square inches
C. 2919.6 square inches
15. _______
D. 3060.2 square inches Volume

14. ______
24 inches Area

16 inches

17. _______
Volume
30 inches

10–19. Write the correct letter in the blanks to

match the formula for surface area and
volume on each figure. 16. ______
Area
A. πrl + πr2
B. 4πr2
C. πr2h
4 3
D. πr 19. _______
3 Volume
E. bh + Pl, where P is the perimeter of the
base
1 2
F. πr h
3
G. 2hl + 2hw + 2lw
18. ______
H. 2πr2 + 2πrh Area
1
I. bhl
2
J. Bh, where B is the area of the base
 Chapter 9 ~ Geometry 65

20. What is the difference between the amount of 25. Sandra has a trough that will hold water for
water that can be held by a sphere of diameter her cattle. It is 11 feet long, and each end is a
1 centimeter and a cube 1 centimeter on a side? trapezoid with a bottom measure of 4 feet and
Use 3.14 for π. a top measure of 6 feet. If the trough is 2 feet
deep, how many cubic feet of water will it
A. 0.477 cm3
hold? The area of a trapezoid is found using
B. 0.523 cm3
C. 4.770 cm3 b1 + b2
h, where b1 and b2 are the lengths of
D. 5.230 cm3 2
the two bases and h is the height.
21. Triana has taken a job refinishing a large ice
A. 55 cubic feet
cream cone that hangs outside the Soda Spot.
B. 110 cubic feet
The sign is made of a half sphere of radius
C. 220 cubic feet
1 foot atop a pointed cone with a top that has
D. 20 cubic feet
the same radius and that is 6 feet high. How
many square feet of surface does Triana need
26. Adriana wishes to sell her special cactus
to cover with new paint?
apple preserves in cans holding 296 cubic
A. 12.56 square feet centimeters each. Her canning machine works
B. 19.1 square feet only with cans 7.5 centimeters in diameter.
C. 25.4 square feet She needs to know how tall the cans will be
D. 32.6 square feet so she can get labels printed. How tall will the
cans be?
22. What is the perimeter of a right triangle whose
A. 44.00 centimeters
height is twice its base and whose area is 72.25
B. 39.47 centimeters
square inches?
C. 6.70 centimeters
A. 8.5 inches D. 3.75 centimeters
B. 17 inches
C. 19 inches 27. Assuming the labels must be 1 centimeter
D. 44.5 inches extra long to overlap and will be as tall as the
can, what is the area of paper used for each
23. The area A of any regular polygon is equal to label?
1 A. 24.6 square centimeters
A = aP , where a is the apothem (the distance
2 B. 164.5 square centimeters
from the center of the polygon measured
C. 157.3 square centimeters
perpendicular to a side) and P the perimeter.
D. 179.0 square centimeters
Given a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle
with a radius of 6 centimeters, what is its area
28. XYZ Paper Products is designing a package
in square centimeters?
for a toy that will be shipped from an overseas
A. 23.4 square centimeters factory to the United States. The packages are
B. 18.2 square centimeters 6 inches wide, 12 inches long, and 3 inches
C. 9.2 square centimeters high. A standard cardboard box is 24 × 24 × 24
D. 2.6 square centimeters inches and holds 13,824 cubic inches. How
many packages will fit in one standard
24. What is the area of a pentagon with a cardboard box?
perimeter of 30 centimeters and an apothem
A. 216
of 4.13 centimeters?
B. 152
A. 34.13 cm2 C. 64
B. 61.95 cm2 D. 21
C. 68.26 cm2
D. 123.90 cm2
66 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

29. If each package in question 28 is made of 34. Kathy is carpeting a recital hall at the local
1 college. The hall is a square 125 feet on a side,
polystyrene inch thick, how many cubic
16 with a semicircular performance area as shown
inches of polystyrene will go into making each in the illustration. How many square feet of
package? carpeting are needed to do the job?
A. 6.25 in3
B. 10.67 in3
C. 12.50 in3
D. 15.75 in3

30. A regulation soccer ball has a circumference

of 68 centimeters, and a regulation basketball
has a circumference of 75.5 centimeters. What A. 21,761 ft2
is the difference in their volumes? B. 15,625 ft2
A. 1900 cubic centimeters C. 12,272 ft2
B. 1958 cubic centimeters D. 6,136 ft2
C. 2060 cubic centimeters
D. 2152 cubic centimeters 35. How long is the hypotenuse of a right triangle
24 square inches in area and with one leg
31. Given a rectangular field 125 by 100 feet, 6 inches long?
what would be the length of the side of an
equilateral triangle with the same perimeter? A. 24 inches
B. 18 inches
A. 150 feet C. 12 inches
B. 225 feet D. 10 inches
C. 300 feet
D. 450 feet 36. Ahmed is creating a large balloon in the shape
of a medical capsule for a drug company’s
32. What is the difference in the areas of the two
Employee Day festivities. The balloon is a
fields?
cylinder 50 feet long and 12 feet in diameter,
A. 130 ft2 capped at each end by half spheres 12 feet
B. 150 ft2 in diameter. How many cubic feet of gas is
C. 2,750 ft2 needed to fill the balloon?
D. 9,750 ft2
A. 6557 cubic feet
33. Britt has a square plot measuring 660 feet on B. 9623 cubic feet
a side, which he wants to irrigate. Long ago, C. 13,137 cubic feet
he used fences to divide the plot into four D. 22,405 cubic feet
equal-sized square fields. He has two choices.
He can tear down the fences and use one 37. Not including overlap for seams, how many
long pivot-arm sprinkler that will irrigate a square feet of cloth will Ahmed need for the
large circle centered at the middle of the plot. pill-shaped balloon?
Otherwise, he can leave the fences up and A. 2336 square feet
irrigate each field separately with smaller pivot B. 1572 square feet
sprinklers. What is the difference in irrigated C. 1385 square feet
area between the two options? D. 1225 square feet
A. 2073 square feet
B. 4147 square feet
C. 8530 square feet
D. 0 square feet
 Chapter 9 ~ Geometry 67

38. If the volume of a sphere is doubled, what 43. A formal garden as shown in the illustration is
happens to the radius? a square 50 feet on a side, with four half circles
attached, one to each side. What is the total
A. It increases by a factor of 2.
area of the garden?
B. It increases by a factor of 1.414.
C. It increases by a factor of 1.26.
D. It increases by a factor of 2.24.

39. Amee wants to run a zip line from the top

of an 85-foot pole and have it reach a point
250 feet away, where the rider lets go 5 feet
above a pool of water. The length of the wire is
feet.
Write your answer in the blank.

1
40. The volume of a pyramid or a cone is Bh,
3 A. 2,500 ft2
where B is the area of the base and h is the B. 3,925 ft2
height. What is the height of a cone with the C. 5,000 ft2
same volume as a pyramid with a square base D. 6,427 ft2
6 feet on a side and with a height of 20 feet?
A. 225 feet 44. What is the perimeter of the garden shown in
B. 166.67 feet question 43?
C. 196.3 feet A. 200 feet
D. 25.5 feet B. 250 feet
C. 284 feet
41. Tina makes an hourglass that is 3 inches across
D. 314 feet
the base and 12 inches high. If she fills the
upper part of the hourglass to half its volume,
45. What is the length of one edge of a cube that
how many cubic inches of sand will she need?
has a volume of 2,985,984 cubic inches?
(Her hourglass is two cones together, tip
to tip.) Use 3.14 for π. A. 144 inches
B. 576 inches
A. 7.065 in3
C. 1,728 inches
B. 9.420 in3
D. 20,736 inches
C. 14.130 in3
D. 63.585 in3
46. A prism has ends that are right triangles. The
42. A cardboard box measures 12 inches high, length of one leg of the triangles is 7 units, and
7 inches wide, and 9 inches deep. If another the hypotenuse is 11.4 units long. The prism
1 1 has a volume of 787.5 cubic units. How high is
box measuring 3 by 4 inches is to have the the prism?
2 2
same surface area, what will the box’s third A. 1.6 units
dimension need to be? B. 25 units
3 C. 31.5 units
A. 15 inches D. 69.1 units
4
1
B. 18 inches
4
29
C. 29 inches
32
3
D. 30 inches
15
68 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

47. The box that a new printer cartridge comes in 48. The area of an equilateral triangle of side
is 7 centimeters high. The ends are trapezoids 3 2
length s is given by the formula A = s .
1 4
with bases 11 centimeters and 7 centimeters
2 What is the area of an equilateral triangle
1 15 feet on a side?
and height 3 centimeters. What is the
2
A. 97.4 ft2
volume of the box?
B. 112.5 ft2
1 C. 168.8 ft2
A. 26 cubic centimeters
4 D. 225.0 ft2
3
B. 32 cubic centimeters
8 49. The area of an equilateral triangle of side
3 3 2
C. 111 cubic centimeters length s is given by the formula A = s .
4 4
5 An equilateral triangle has an area of 86.6
D. 226 cubic centimeters
8 square feet. What is the length of one side?
A. 14 feet
B. 11.5 feet
C. 7.0 feet
D. 3.14 feet

50. A new design for a space station is being

evaluated. A cross-section of the station is a
regular hexagon with perimeter 360 feet, and
the entire station is 500 feet long. The volume
of the station is cubic feet.
Write your answer in the blank.
 CHAP TE R 10

Polynomial and Rational Expressions

Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer. For
other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 131.

1. Combine like terms: (2a + 5b – 7) + (a – 9b – 6). The following question contains a blank marked
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
A. 2a – 4b – 13
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the
B. 2a – 4b + 13
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
C. 3a – 4b – 13
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
D. 3a – 4b + 13
choice, it will appear in the blank.)
2. Write 5(3x – 2y + 4) in an equivalent form
without parentheses. 6. shows “eight less than the
cube of a number.”
A. 15x – 2y + 4
B. 15x – 10y + 20 Select . . . ▾
C. 53x – 2y + 4 3x – 8
D. 53x – 52y + 54 x2 – 8
3. Subtract (2x + 5) – (5x – 7). x3 – 8

A. –3x + 12 9
7. Evaluate C + 32 for C = –40.
B. 3x – 2 5
C. –3x – 2 A. –72
D. 3x + 12 B. –40
C. 0
The following question contains a blank marked D. 40
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the 8. Which of the following best describes the
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will expression 6x + 9y?
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
A. sum
choice, it will appear in the blank.)
B. difference
4. shows “five more than twice C. product
a number.” D. quotient

Select . . . ▾ 9. In the expression 4x2 + 6, which quantity is a

coefficient?
5 + 2x
5x + 2 A. 4
B. x
5+2+x C. 2
D. 6
5. Which of the following best describes the
expression 7(y – 1)?
A. sum
B. difference
C. product
D. quotient

69
70 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

25 x 9 y 4
10. Working for the census, Nicholle interviews 17. Simplify .
seven fewer households than Val, who 15 x 6 y 12
interviews twice as many households as Kai.
10 x 3 y
If Kai interviews s households, how many A.
households does Nicholle interview? x2y3
10 x 3
A. 2s – 7s B.
B. 2(s – 7) y8
C. 2 – 7s 5x 3 y
C.
D. 2s – 7 3x 2 y 3
5x 3
11. Add (3x2 + x – 2) + (x2 – 4x + 7). D.
3y 8
A. 3x2 – 4x + 5
B. 4x2 – 3x + 5 18. Multiply 5x3y(3xy2 + 2x2y3).
C. 4x4 – 3x2 + 5
D. 3x4 – 4x2 + 5 A. 15x3y2 + 10x5y3
B. 15x3y2 + 10x6y3
12. Subtract (3x + 2y) – (2x + 3y). C. 15x4y3 + 10x5y4
D. 15x4y3 + 10x6y4
A. x–y
B. 5x – y 19. Multiply (3x + 4)(2x – 5).
C. x – 5y
D. 5x – 5y A. 5x2 – 1
B. 6x2 – 20
13. Subtract (6x2 + 2x – 4) – (2x2 – 5x + 1). C. 5x2 – 7x – 1
D. 6x2 – 7x – 20
A. 4x2 – 3x – 3
B. 4x2 – 3x – 5 20. Multiply (x – 2y)(2x – y).
C. 4x2 + 7x – 5
D. 4x2 + 7x – 3 A. 2x2 + 2y2
B. 2x2 – 5xy + 2y2
14. Use the properties of exponents to rewrite C. 2x2 – 2y2
x3 • x6 • x2. D. 2x2 + 5xy – 2y2
A. x11 12 p3 q – 16 p5 q2 + 10 p 4 q 4
21. Divide .
B. x36 8 p2 q3
C. 3x11
D. 3x36 4 p 8 p3
A. – + 2 p2 q
q2 q
15. Multiply 2x4 • 4x5. 4 pq 8 p3 q 2 p2 q
B. – +
A. 6x9 pq2 pq pq
B. 8x9 3 p 2 p3 5 p2 q
C. 6x20 C. – +
2q2 q 4
D. 8x20
3 pq 2 p q 5 p2 q
3
8 D. – +
16. Simplify x 2 . 2 pq2 pq 4 pq
x
8
A.
2
B. 4
C. x4
D. x6
 Chapter 10 ~ Polynomial and Rational Expressions 71

3 2
22. Divide 21x 3 – 14 x 2 . 27. shows “the sum of the square
14 x + 21x of a number and three less than the number.”

A. 3 x – 2 Select . . . ▾
2x + 3
x2 +x–3
B. 21x – 14
14 x + 12 x2 – 3x
3x 2 – 2 x 3 – x + x2
C.
2 x 2 + 3x
2
D. 21x 2 – 14 x 28. A rock dropped from a cliff has an altitude in
14 x + 12 x feet given by –16t2 + 350, where t is the time in
seconds after the rock is released. How high is
the rock 4 seconds after it is dropped?
9 s 3t + 6 st 2
23. Divide .
6 s 3t + 4 st 2 A. 256 feet
B. 128 feet
A. 3 C. 94 feet
2
D. 54 feet
9
B.
4
29. What is the leading coefficient of
9s2 + t 5x4 – 6x2 + 2x6 + 1 + 7x3 – x?
C. 2
s + 4t
2 A. 2
D. 9 s 2 + 6t B. 4
6 s + 4t C. 5
D. 7
2
24. Divide 2 x + x – 6 .
x +2 30. Factor 12x4y + 9x3y2 – 6x2y2.
A. 2x2 – 3 A. 3x2(4x2y + 3xy2 – 2y2)
B. 2x2 – 2 B. 3x2y(4x2 + 3xy – 2y)
C. 2x – 3 C. 3y(4x4 + 3x3y – 2x2y)
D. 2x + 5 D. 3xy(4x3 + 3x2y – 2xy)

25. Evaluate 2x2 – 4xy + 3y2 for x = 5 and y = –1. 31. Factor 3x2 – 8x + 4.
A. 129 A. (x – 4)(3x – 1)
B. 73 B. (x – 1)(3x – 4)
C. 33 C. (3x – 1)(3x – 4)
D. 27 D. (x – 2)(3x – 2)

26. Write the polynomial 6x – 2x3 + x4 – 7x2 + 32. Factor 2x2 – xy – y2.
5 in descending order. Write your answer in A. (x + y)(2x + y)
the blank. B. (x – y)(2x – y)
C. (x – y)(2x + y)
D. (x + y)(2x – y)
The following question contains a blank marked
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices. 33. Factor 12x2y + 40xy – 32y completely.
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the A. 4y(3x – 2)(x + 4)
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will B. 4(3xy – 2y)(x + 4)
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a C. 4(3x – 2)(xy + 4y)
choice, it will appear in the blank.) D. (3xy – 2y)(4x + 16)
72 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

2x – 5 x +1
34. Factor 16x2 – 81y2. 39. Add + . Write your answer in
5 x + 10 3 x + 6
( ) ( ) lowest terms.

The following question contains a blank marked 11x – 10

A.
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices. 15( x + 2)2
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the 11x – 10
B.
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will 15( x + 2)
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a 11x 2 + 12 x – 20
C.
choice, it will appear in the blank.) (5 x + 10)(3 x + 6)
11x 2 + 12 x – 20
35. shows “twice the square of a D.
15( x + 2)2
number is five more than the number.”
3x 4y
40. Subtract – . Write your answer in
Select . . . ▾ 10 y 15 x
2x2 = 5 + 2x lowest terms.
2x2 = x + 5 9x – 8y
A.
2x2 = 5x 15 xy

36. What is the degree of the polynomial 9x2 − 8y2

B.
3x + 7x3 – 2x2 + 5 + 8x4 – 6x5? 15 xy
9x – 8y
A. 5 C.
30 xy
B. 6
C. 7 9x2 − 8y2
D.
D. 8 30 xy

37. Denny leaves on a drive across the state at 41. Subtract 3x x . Write your answer
–
8:00 a.m. In the afternoon, his average speed 2 x – 10 2 x + 6
in lowest terms.
in miles per hour is given by d , where t is
t+4
the number of hours past noon and d is the A. 4 x 2 + 28 x
distance driven. Find Denny’s average speed at (2 x – 10)(2 x + 6)
2:00 p.m, when he has driven 390 miles. x 2 + 14 x
B.
( x – 5)( x + 3)
A. 70 miles per hour 2 x 2 + 14 x
B. 60 miles per hour C.
2( x – 5)( x + 3)
C. 75 miles per hour
x ( x + 7)
D. 65 miles per hour D.
( x – 5)( x + 3)
38. Add 2 2 + 5 . Write your answer in lowest
3x 6x 42. Simplify x + 1 + x – 1 – 22 x . Write your
2x – 4 2x + 4 x – 4
terms. answer in lowest terms.
2
A. 4 x + 53 x A.
x2 – x + 1
6x 2( x – 1)( x + 1)
12 + 15 x 2x2 – 4x + 4
B. B.
18 x 2 2( x – 2)( x + 2)
4 + 5x x2 – 2x + 2
C. C.
6x2 ( x – 2)( x + 2)
12 x + 51x 2 x2 – x + 1
D. D.
18 x 3 ( x – 1)( x + 1)
 Chapter 10 ~ Polynomial and Rational Expressions 73

3ax 4 6b3 x 5 4x + 8 x2 – 4
43. Multiply • . Write your answer in 46. Divide ÷ . Write your
8b 3 y 9 a 6 y 3 x 2 + 3x x 2 + x – 6
lowest terms. answer in lowest terms.

A. x9 A. 4
4 a5 y 4 x
4( x + 2)
x 20 B.
B. x ( x – 2)
4a6 y 3 4( x + 2)( x – 3)
C.
18 x 20 x ( x + 3)( x – 2)
C.
72a 6 y 3 4( x + 2)( x 2 + x – 6)
D.
18 x 9 x ( x + 3)( x 2 – 4)
D.
72a5 y 4
2 2
2 2
47. Simplify x – 25 x • x –27 x + 12 ÷ 22 x – 10 .
x – 2x – 3 x –9 4x x – 16 x + 2x – 8
44. Multiply 2
• 2 . Write your
x + 3x x + 2x + 1 Write your answer in lowest terms.
answer in lowest terms.
A. ( x + 3)( x + 2)
2( x – 1)( x – 3) 8x
A.
x ( x + 1)2 ( x – 3)( x + 2)
B.
8x
( x – 3)2
B. ( x + 3)( x – 2)
x ( x + 1) C.
8x
2( x – 3)
C. ( x – 3)( x – 2)
x ( x + 1) D.
8x
( x – 1)( x – 3)2
D.
x ( x + 1)2 3x 2 + 7 x – 2
48. Evaluate for x = –4.
2x2 – 7x + 3
2 5 2 6
45. Divide 20 x 6y ÷ 10b8 x3 . Write your answer
27a b 9a y A. 74
7
in lowest terms. 18
B.
7
18ay 15
A. 2
27b2 x 3 C.
7
2ay 15 D. 78
B.
3b2 x 3
18a2 y 8
C.
27b3 x 4
2a2 y 8
D.
3b3 x 4
74 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

49. Translate into an algebraic expression using x 50. After winning p dollars in a contest, Vivian
as the variable: “the quotient of 5 more than a decides to donate $1000 to charity and split
number and 5 less than the number.” the rest evenly with her brother and sister.
Write an expression that represents the
A. x + 5
x–5 amount Vivian will finally have.
B. x – 5 A. 1000 – p
x+5 3
C. (5 + x)(5 – x) B. p – 1000
D. (5 + x)(x – 5) 3
C. p – 1000
3
D. p – 1000
2
 C H A P T E R 11

Solving Equations and Inequalities

Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer.
For other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 134.

For Questions 1–4, write your answers in the blanks. 7. What is the temperature in degrees Celsius if
the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit is 95°F?
1. Solve p – 5 = 12. The temperature conversion formula is
9
F = C + 32.
5
2. Solve 7s = –56. A. 35
B. 39
C. 41
3. Solve –3x + 17 = 5. D. 63

8. Solve y < mx + b for x. Assume m > 0.

4. Solve 6(a – 8) = –42.
A. x < m
y–b
The following question contains a blank marked B. x > m
y–b
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the C. x > y – b
m
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a D. x < – b
y
m
choice, it will appear in the blank.)
The following question contains a blank marked
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
5. 5x + 2(x – 9) = 7x + 10 has
solutions. Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
Select . . . ▾ appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
0 choice, it will appear in the blank.)
1
9. Vicki is selling bags of caramel corn at her
infinite booth at the state fair at a rate of 5 bags per
hour. By noon, she had sold 15 bags. She will
6. Gary is collecting bottlecaps to earn Chumpy have sold a total of 40 bags at .
credits. Each bottlecap is worth 7 Chumpy
credits. Gary already has 11 bottlecaps. How Select . . . ▾
many more bottlecaps does he need to have a 4:00 PM
total of 245 Chumpy credits? 5:00 PM
A. 18 6:00 PM
B. 24
C. 35
D. 77

75
76 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

10. The length of a rectangle is 5 centimeters 14. Which of the following represents the solution
more than the width. The perimeter of the to –2x – 3 < 3?
rectangle is 90 centimeters. What is the length
of the rectangle? A.
–9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3
A. 15 centimeters
B. 18 centimeters B.
C. 22.5 centimeters –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
D. 25 centimeters
C.
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
11. A farmer has $2000 to buy seed for his main
plot. He can spend it all on milo at $50 per D.
bag, or on soybean at $40 per bag, or some 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
combination of the two. If m represents the
number of bags of milo he buys and s the 15. A passenger train leaves the station, traveling
number of bags of soybean, which equation west at 120 miles per hour. A freight train
represents his spending his entire seed budget leaves the same station 2 hours later traveling
on a combination of the two types of seed? 80 miles per hour. If t represents the time in
A. 40m + 50s = 2000 hours that the first train has traveled, which
B. 50m + 40s = 2000 equation represents a situation where the two
C. 45(m + s) = 2000 trains are 640 miles apart?
D. 90(m + s) = 2000 A. 120t + 80(t – 2) = 640
B. 120(t + 2) + 80t = 640
The following question contains a blank marked C. 120t + 80(t + 2) = 640
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
D. 120(t – 2) + 80t = 640
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a ⎧ 3x + y = 5
16. Solve ⎨ .
choice, it will appear in the blank.) ⎩2 x – 3 y = 7

12. Bruce throws a rock straight up in the air. The x= y=

height of the rock is given by the equation
h = 80t – 16t2, where h is the height and t is the 17. Constance is controlling the flow of a solution
time in seconds after the rock is released. The into a graduated cylinder. She wants to go to
rock will strike the ground in lunch and decides to set the flow at a lower rate
seconds. rather than shut it off completely. The cylinder
already holds 72 milliliters of solution and can
Select . . . ▾ hold a maximum of 500 milliliters. If r represents
3 the rate at which the flow is set in milliliters
per minute, which inequality could Constance
4
solve to determine a safe range of flow rates,
5 assuming she plans to take 60 minutes for lunch?

13. Solve 3k – 7 ≥ 17. A. 72r + 60 ≥ 500

B. 72r + 60 ≤ 500
A. k ≥ 8 C. 60r + 72 ≥ 500
B. k ≤ 8 D. 60r + 72 ≤ 500
C. k > 10
3
D. k ≥ 24
 Chapter 11 ~ Solving Equations and Inequalities 77

18. Solve 4x – 2(3x + 7) = 6 + 5(x – 3). 21. There are solutions for
3x – 2(x – 1) = 2(x + 1) – x.
A. x = 5
7
B. x = – 5 Select . . . ▾
7 0
C. x = 23
7 1
D. x = – 7 infinite
5
The following question contains a blank marked Use the following for questions 22–23.
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the Joachim has a box containing 17 red blocks, all the
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will same size, and 13 blue blocks, all the same size.
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a Each red block weighs r ounces, and each blue
choice, it will appear in the blank.) block weighs b ounces.
1
19. Carolyn is 38 inches tall and is growing 2
2 22. Which equation states that all of the blocks
inches per year. She wants to ride a roller together weigh 99 ounces?
coaster, but park rules set the minimum height
at 48 inches. In years, Carolyn A. 15(r + b) = 99
will be tall enough to ride the roller coaster. B. 30(r + b) = 99
C. 13r + 17b = 99
Select . . . ▾ D. 17r + 13b = 99
3
23. Which of the following is the most reasonable
4 constraint on the weight r of a red block?
5 A. r>0
6 B. r>1
C. r≥0
20. How many pounds of peanuts worth $2.00 per D. r≥1
pound must be mixed with cashews worth
$7.00 per pound to produce 10 pounds of a 24. Stan is diluting 5 quarts of a 50% antifreeze
mixture worth $5.00 per pound? solution down to 20%. How much pure water
should he add?
A. 6 pounds
B. 5 pounds A. 2 quarts
C. 4 pounds B. 5 quarts
D. 3 pounds C. 7.5 quarts
D. 12.5 quarts
The following question contains a blank marked
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices. 25. Write an equation that states that the surface
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the area of a rectangular solid, of length 6,
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will height h, and width w, is 86.
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a A. 12h + 12w + 12hw = 86
choice, it will appear in the blank.) B. 12h + 12w + 2hw = 86
C. 12lh + 12hw + 2hw = 86
D. 12h + 12w + 12 = 86
78 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

26. Solve x2 – 10x – 24 = 0. 32. Solve 2x2 – 7x + 4 = 0.

x= or 7 ± 17
A. x =
4
⎧6 x – 5 y = –8 B. x =
7 ± 81
27. Solve ⎨ . 4
⎩ 4 x + 3 y = –18
7±3 2
C. x =
x= y= 4
−4 ± 30
D. x =
28. Which inequality has the following graph? 4
33. A square has an area of 64 square centimeters.
What is the length of its sides?
–2 –1 0 1 2
A. 4 centimeters
A. x < –2 B. 8 centimeters
B. x ≤ –2 C. 16 centimeters
C. x > –2 D. 32 centimeters
D. x ≥ –2
2
34. Which graph matches – x ≥ 4 ?
29. Solve 2x + 9 > 4x – 7. 3

A. x>8 A.
–18 –16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6
B. x > –8
C. x < –8 B.
D. x<8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6

The following question contains a blank marked C.

4 6 8 10 12
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the D.
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will –4 –2 0 2 4
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
choice, it will appear in the blank.) 35. Solve x2 = 25.
A. x=5
30. The system of equations {3x – 5y = 2 and B. x = –5
–6x + 10y = 7} has solutions. C. x = ±5
D. x = 12.5
Select . . . ▾
0 36. The length of a rectangle is 4 units longer
than the width, and the area is 45 square units.
1
What is the width of the rectangle?
infinite
A. 14 units
31. Aaron is earning money by mowing lawns. He B. 11.25 units
charges $40 per lawn. He is trying to save up C. 9 units
at least $1500 for a new riding lawnmower. D. 5 units
He already has $420. Which inequality best
represents Aaron’s riding lawnmower goal?
A. 420x + 40 ≥ 1500
B. 40x + 420 ≥ 1500
C. 420x + 40 ≤ 1500
D. 40x + 420 ≤ 1500
 Chapter 11 ~ Solving Equations and Inequalities 79

37. A strong solution of 90% detergent is being 42. Solve ax + by = c for y.

mixed with a weak solution of 15% detergent
A. y = c – ax
in order to produce a mild solution of 50% b
detergent. How much of each of the two B. y = b
detergents should be mixed in order to c – ax
produce 60 gallons of the mild detergent? C. y = c – b
ax
weak = strong =
D. y = c + ax
b
43. As a goodwill gesture, Florence is giving $5
to each person who participates in a public
38. Solve 7x – 6 ≤ 2x + 4. cleanup program. She started with $400. After
two hours, she had already given away $135.
A. x≤2 Which inequality represents the number of
B. x≥2 people she can still give $5 to?
C. x≤5
D. x ≤ 15 A. p ≤ 51
B. p ≤ 52
39. Which graph matches the inequality x ≤ 0? C. p ≤ 53
D. p ≤ 54
A.
–2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 44. Which graph matches x + 19 < 15?

B. A.
–2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 4 6 8 10 12

C. B.
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 –4 –2 0 2 4

D. C.
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 –4 –2 0 2 4

40. Miguel says that every international phone call D.

–12 –10 –8 –6 –4
to his sister in Europe has cost at least $4.50,
with international rates costing $0.65 to make
45. Solve 2x – 4(x + 3) ≥ 4 + 3(4 – 3x).
the connection and $0.35 per minute. Which
inequality represents the number of minutes A. x≤4
m that Miguel talks to his sister for each call? B. x≥4
A. m ≥ 11 C. x≥3
B. m ≥ 12 D. x≥ 4
7
C. m ≥ 14
D. m ≥ 15 46. Amy makes a gas stop at a station where gas is
selling at $3.15 per gallon, including taxes. While
41. To which of the following inequalities is the there, she buys a bottle of water for $1.65. Her
number 11 a solution? total is $40.71. If Amy bought g gallons of gas,
which equation models Amy’s purchase?
A. 3x – 5 < 2(2 – x)
B. 7x – 3 ≥ 7 – 3x A. 1.64g + 3.15 = 40.71
C. 5(x – 2) ≤ 3(x + 1) B. 1.65g + 40.71 = 3.15
D. 4(x – 8) > 2x + 5 C. 3.15g + 1.65 = 40.71
D. 3.15g + 40.71 = 1.65
80 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

47. Randy earns $5 for every order he fills at a 49. Solve 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0.
call-in center, plus base pay of $150 per week.
During a week in which he earns $580, how x= or
many orders does he fill?
50. A rock dropped from a 1024-foot-high cliff falls
A. 86 a distance D given by D = 16t2, where t is the
B. 94 time in seconds after the rock is dropped. How
C. 116 long will it take the rock to reach the bottom
D. 146 of the cliff?

48. Solve 5(x – 6) < 2(x – 9). A. 64 seconds

B. 32 seconds
A. x < 16 C. 16 seconds
B. x>4 D. 8 seconds
C. x<3
D. x<4
 C H A P T E R 12

Graphing Equations
Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer. For
other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 139.

1. For the following, place the letter of the 2. In the box associated with each line, place the
coordinates on the appropriate point on the
correct slope. [Choices: – 7 , – 1 , 0, 1 , 2,
graph. 3 3 10
undefined]
A. (9, 15)
B. (5, 5) y

C. (10, 1)
D. (0, 0)
E. (10, –1)
F. (–5, 5)
G. (–5, –5)
H. (–2, –10)
I. (–8, –2)
x
J. (5, –5)
K. Coordinates not listed (may be used more
than once)
y

15

10
1
3. Given a line whose equation is y = – x + 7,
4
5 which line below definitely forms part of a
right triangle with the given line?

1
x A. y = x +9
–10 –5 5 10 4
B. y = –4 x + 7
–5 1
C. y = – x + 5
4
D. y = 4 x + 11
–10
4. A point on the line 4x + 3y = b is (3, 2). What is
the y coordinate for x = 4?
–15 A. 3
B. 3
2
C. 2
3
D. −3

81
82 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

5. Which graph shows the proper end behavior

for the equation y = x3 + 2x2 as x becomes a
large positive or negative number?

y y
A. C.

x x

y y
B. D.

x x
 Chapter 12 ~ Graphing Equations 83

6. Which of the four curves in this graphic is that

4
of y = – x + 3?
5

y y
A. C.

x x

y y
B. D.

x x
84 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

7. Which of the following points is on the line 10. A particular curve passes through the points
y = 7x – 4? (11, 8), (–3, –6), and (4, 2). Are these points on
the graph of a linear function?
A. (7, 3)
B. (5, 31) Check Yes or No.
C. (11, 72)
D. (1, 4) 11. What is the equation for a straight line passing
through (–3, 5) and (5, –3)?
Questions 8 and 9 refer to the following graph.
A. y=x+2
y B. y=x–2
Investment A C. y = –x + 2
$15,000
D. y = –x – 2

12. What is the equation for a line perpendicular to

$10,000
6x – 7y = 8 and passing through the point (8, 1)?
Profit

A. y = – 7 x + 31
6 3
$5000
B. y = 6 x – 8
7 7
C. –6x + 7y = –8
D. y = 7 x – 31
x
2 4 6 8
6 3
Loss

–$3000
The following question contains a set of choices
Months
marked Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice that is
correct. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
The following two questions each contain a set of appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
choices marked Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice choice, it will appear in the blank.)
that is correct. (Note: On the real GED® test, the
choices will appear as a “drop-down” menu. When 13. Which of these two functions will increase
you click on a choice, it will appear in the blank.) faster as the value of x becomes larger?

8. Evelyn is considering two possible investments. x3

Function A: f ( x ) =
The graph for Investment A is shown here, while x –2
Investment B follows the equation Profit = Function B:
$2,500t – $1,000, where t is in months and x 0 1 2 3 4 20 50 100
Profit is in dollars. Which investment has made
f(x) 4 6 8 10 12 44 104 204
more money at the end of six months?
Select . . . ▾ Select . . . ▾
Investment A Function A
Investment B Function B

9. If Evelyn is going to hold the investment

longer than six months, which of the ones in 14. Given the line 5x – 4y = 9, give the equation of
the previous question should she buy? a line parallel and passing through (9, 5).
A. 4x – 5y = 9
Select . . . ▾
B. 9x – 5y = 4
Investment A C. 5x – 4y = 25
Investment B D. 5x + 4y = 9
 Chapter 12 ~ Graphing Equations 85

15. What is the slope of a line perpendicular to the 18. A body moves according to the equation
line y = 4x – 7? d = vt, where v is velocity, t is time, and d is
distance. If a given body moves 250 meters in
A. 4
10 seconds, is it going faster or slower than the
B. 1 body represented on this graph?
4
C. − 1 y
4
D. −4 3.0

16. A body’s velocity is equal to the change in its

(1 division = 0.2 seconds)

distance divided by the time elapsed. Thus, 2.0
the slopes of the graphed lines represent the

Time
velocities of different bodies. Arrange the
graphs in order of increasing velocity. 1.0

A. A, B, C, D
B. B, C, D, A
C. A, D, C, B 5 10 15 20
x

D. A, C, B, D
Distance
y (1 division = 1 meter)

A
A. It is moving more slowly than the body in
C the graph.
D B. It is moving faster than the body in the
B graph.
C. Both are moving at the same speed.
D. Neither is actually moving.
Distance

19. Which of the equations below is that of a line

with slope of 3 and passing through (0, 4)?
5
A. 2x – 3y = 6
B. 5y – 3x = 20
x C. 5y – 3x = 4
D. 5y – 3x = 2
Time

17. On the time–distance graph, what is the

meaning of a line that has a negative slope?
A. The body is moving backward.
B. The body is slowing down.
C. The body is stationary.
D. Nothing. Velocities, like distances, can’t be
negative.
86 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

20. Graph the following function, using open Questions 22 and 23 refer to the following table of
circles for points on the ends of lines that are values.
not in the solution set, and solid points for
those that are. x –2.07 –1.02 0.001 0.50 1.00 1.95
y –4.00 –2.20 –0.01 1.04 2.02 4.03
y = x +2 x ≤ –4
1 2 22. Which linear function approximates the
y= x –4 < x < 0
4 relationship between x and y?
6 2
y= x 0≤ x≤5 A. y = x2
25
y = –2 x + 6 x>5 B. y = 1 x
2
C. y = 2x
y
D. y = x

23. What is the approximate value of x when

y = –17.1?
A. –34
B. –8.5
C. –8
x
C. 17

The following question contains a set of choices

marked Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice that is
correct. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
choice, it will appear in the blank.)

21. In this diagram, what is the slope of line A? 24. Which has the greater rate of increase: Line A
with the equation y = 5x – 7, or Line B between
y
the points (–1, –4) and (1, 7)?
A Select . . . ▾
C
Line A
D
B Line B
Distance

Time

A. 10
B. 3
C. 2
D. 2
3
 Chapter 12 ~ Graphing Equations 87

25. Which graph shows the proper end behavior y

for the equation y = x4 + 35x3 – 23x2 – 43 as x C.
becomes a large positive or negative number?
y
A.

y
D.

y
B.

26. A road rises 4 feet over the course of

100 horizontal feet. What is the slope of a line
representing the road?
A. 4
B. 0.04
C. 2.5
D. 25
88 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

1
27. Plot the curve for f ( x ) = 2 and label any 30. Claire goes to a used bookstore in search of
asymptotes. x novels and biographies, She spends a total of
y $24, buying b biographies for $3 each and n
novels for $4 each. Write an equation relating
the numbers of each type of book Claire
bought. Graph your equation, putting b on the
horizontal axis.
y

28. Graph the equation y = –5x2 + 35x, and

estimate and label the maximum value of y.
y

31. Plot the graph of y = |3x|.

y

29. What is the equation of a line passing through

the points (3, 7) and (2, –4)?
A. y = –11x + 26
B. y = –11x – 26
C. y = 11x – 26
D. y = 11x + 26
 Chapter 12 ~ Graphing Equations 89

32. The equation relating the number of 34. Graph the equation 5x – 4y = –20.
customized cell phones produced and the y
profit per cell phone is p = –2.50n2 + 21n,
where n is in 100,000s. Plot the resulting
graph. Be sure to label and number the axes
appropriately and indicate the maximum
value of p.
y

35. The coordinates of four points are given in

absolute terms (all values positive). Plot and
label each point in the quadrant requested.
Different quadrants will require changing the
signs of some or all the coordinates.
x
Point A: Plot the point with absolute
coordinates of (3, 6) in the third quadrant.
33. Graph the equation of a straight line that Point B: Plot the point with absolute
passes through (–1, 3) and has a slope of –3. coordinates of (5, 5) in the second quadrant.
Point C: Plot the point with absolute
y
coordinates of (2, 7) in the third quadrant.
Point D: Plot the point with absolute
coordinates of (5, 9) in the fourth quadrant.

x
90 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

The following question contains a set of choices 37. Which graph shows the proper end behavior
marked Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice that is for the equation y = 4x2 – 2x as x becomes a
correct. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will large positive or negative number?
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
y
choice, it will appear in the blank.) A.

36. Two rockets are launched. Rocket A follows the

trajectory shown here. Rocket B follows the
equation e(t) = – 100t2 + 1200t, where e equals
feet of elevation and t equals seconds in flight.
Which rocket climbs to a greater height?
y x

3000

2000
Feet

1000

y
B.
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Seconds

Select . . . ▾
Rocket A
Rocket B x
 Chapter 12 ~ Graphing Equations 91

y 38. Sketch the function f(x) = x2 + 6x + 8, and list

C. the intercepts, if any, with the x and f(x) axes.
y

y
D.

x
92 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

39. Which graph(s) that follow show symmetry y

with the x-axis? C.
y
A.

y
D.

y
B.

40. What are the coordinates of a point symmetric

to the origin with the point (3, –9)?
( , )

41. What are the end behaviors of

y = 3x3 + 15x2 – 6x + 5?
A. +∞ for x < 0 and –∞ for x > 0
B. –∞ for x < 0 and –∞ for x > 0
C. –∞ for x < 0 and +∞ for x > 0
D. +∞ for x < 0 and +∞ for x > 0
 Chapter 12 ~ Graphing Equations 93

42. Which of the following graph(s) does NOT y

show symmetry with the y-axis? C.
y
A.

y
D.
y
B.

x
94 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

43. What is the slope of line B in the diagram 46. Given the graph below, place the letter of the
below? correct equation in the appropriate box.
y A. y = 2x + 11
1
A B. y = x + 10
C 2
D C. y = x3 + 5
B
3 1
D. y = x +
4 2
2 1
Distance

E. y = – x +
3 2
y

10
x

Time
5

A. 3
5 x
B. 3 –10 –5 5 10
4
C. 3
D. 9 –5

44. Are two lines, one passing through (6, 9)

and (2, 4) and another with slope 5 and –10
4
passing through the point (2, 1), parallel?
Check Yes or No. 47. Given the equation y = –2x2 + 5 , graph the
equation so that the maxima or minima
45. Place an X next to the two of the four intercepts with the x-axis and end behaviors
lines below that definitely form part of a are evident.
parallelogram. y

Line A: 3x – 2y = 10
2
Line B: y = – x – 5
3
Line C: 3x + 2y = 10
3
Line D: y = x – 15
2
x
 Chapter 12 ~ Graphing Equations 95

48. What is the equation of a line passing through y

2 B.
(4, 5) with slope – ?
3
Fill in the boxes to complete the equation.

y= x+

x
49. Graph the intersection of a line
2
perpendicular to y = – x + 5 and passing
3
through (–2, –2) and a second line parallel to
y = –x + 1 and passing through (1, 5).
y

y
C.

50. Which graph shows the proper end behaviors

for the equation y = –x2 + 7x – 7?
y
A. y
D.

x
x
 C H A P T E R 13

Functions
Directions: Answer the following questions. For multiple-choice questions, choose the best answer. For
other questions, follow the directions provided. Answers begin on page 144.
3
1. Graph y = x. The following question contains a set of choices
2 marked Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice that is
y correct. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
10 choice, it will appear in the blank.)
8

6
3. Which of the functions has the larger positive
x-intercept: Function A, the function graphed
4
here, or Function B, the function given by the
2 equation y = –7x + 24?
x
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10 y
–2
10
–4
8
–6
6
–8
4
–10
2
x
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
–2
2. Which of the tables of input-output pairs,
–4
where x represents the input and y the output,
does NOT represent a function? –6

–8
A. x 3 2 7 3 8 2
–10
y 9 4 1 9 2 4

B. x 1 2 4 7 8 9
Select . . . ▾
y 4 8 2 7 1 5
Function A
C. x 1 4 6 4 3 1 Function B
y 2 3 8 7 6 2
4. Which of the following implicitly defines a
D. x 5 8 2 4 2 5 linear function?
y 0 0 0 3 0 0 A. x2 + y2 = 25
B. 3x – 5y = 9
1
C. y = −2
3x
D. xy = 8

97
98 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

5. Where is the function in the graph increasing? The following question contains a blank marked
y
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the
5 blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
4 appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
3
choice, it will appear in the blank.)
2 9. Function A is given by f(x) = –2x + 10. Function
1
B is graphed below. has the
larger initial value.
x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 Select . . . ▾
–1
–2
Function A
–3 Function B
–4 y

–5
10
9

A. –2 < x < 1 and x > 3 8

B. x < –2 and x > 3 7
C. x < –2 and 1 < x < 3 6
D. everywhere
5

4
6. Which function assigns the domain value 12 to
the range value 7? 3

2
A. f(x) = 2x – 2
B. f(x) = 3x – 4 1

1 x
C. f ( x ) = x + 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2
3
D. f ( x ) = x + 12 10. Describe the symmetry displayed by the graph.
7
y
2 4
7. For f ( x ) = x + , find f(–7). 10
5 5
8
A. –14 6
B. –10
4
C. –2
D. 5 2
x
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
8. A function is being used by the manager of a –2
factory producing lawn mowers. The output of –4
the function tells the manager how many lawn
–6
mowers will be made, using the number of
–8
workers for the input. What types of numbers
are acceptable values for the input? –10

A. Any number will do.

B. Only positive numbers can be used. A. symmetric about the x-axis
C. Only integers can be used. B. symmetric about the y-axis
D. Only non-negative integers can be used. C. symmetric about the origin
D. no symmetry
 Chapter 13 ~ Functions 99

11. Which equation does NOT implicitly define a 14. Which of the following sets of ordered pairs
linear function? (x, y) illustrate why the equation y2 = x does
not represent a function?
A. y = x2 + 5
B. y = 3x + 2 A. (4, 2) and (4, –2)
C. 4x – 6y = 11 B. (9, 3) and (4, 2)
D. y + 3 = –2(x – 5) C. (16, 4) and (9, 3)
D. (4, 2) and (16, 4)
12. A function d(t) is being used to predict the
distance a bird flies t hours after release from 3
a wildlife rehab program. What numbers are 15. Graph f ( x ) = − x + 8.
2
acceptable domain values? y
A. any number will do
10
B. only positive numbers
C. only integers 8
D. only non-negative numbers 6

The following question contains a blank marked 4

Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices. 2
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the x
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
–2
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
choice, it will appear in the blank.) –4

–6
13. The graph below shows the distance of a
–8
freight train moving away from the center
of a large city. A taxi is moving away from –10
the center of the same city, with distance
determined by the function f(t) = 40t + 5.
The is moving faster. 16. Find f(–3) for f(x) = –2x2 – 7x + 9.
A. –30
Select . . . ▾ B. –18
taxi C. 12
train D. 48

d The following two questions each contain a set of

350
choices marked Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice
325 that is correct. (Note: On the real GED® test, the
(10, 320)
300 choices will appear as a “drop-down” menu. When
(9, 290) you click on a choice, it will appear in the blank.)
275
250 (8, 260)
17. A linear function f(x) is specified by the values
225 (7, 230)
200
in the table. Another is given by g(x) = –3x + 5.
(6, 200)
175 Which function has the larger slope?
(5, 170)
150
(4, 140) x –2 0 3 5 9
125
100 (3, 110) f(x) –7 –3 3 7 15
75 (2, 80)
50 (1, 50)
25
Select . . . ▾
(0, 20)
t f(x)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
g(x)
100 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

18. Which of the functions, g(x) given in the graph 20. Sketch the quadratic function that has a
or f(x) = x2 – 8x + 8, has the larger minimum maximum at (3, 6) and passes through (7, 2)
value? and (–3, –3).
y y

10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2
x x
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
–2 –2

–4 –4
–6 –6

–8 –8

–10 –10

Select . . . ▾ 21. What is the domain of the function in the

f(x) graph?
g(x) y

10
19. Which type of symmetry is NOT exhibited by
8
this graph?
6
y
4
6 2
5 x
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
4 –2
3 –4
2 –6
1 –8
x –10
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1

–2 A. x > –5
–3 B. x ≥ –5
–4
C. x≥0
D. x > 4.5
–5
–6 22. Fill in the missing value in the table so that the
pairs represent a function.
A. symmetry about the x-axis x 7 –3 –2 4 –3
B. symmetry about the y-axis y 4 8 –1 –4
C. symmetry about the origin
D. symmetry about the diagonal y = x
 Chapter 13 ~ Functions 101

23. An accountant uses the function 25. The graph of f(x), as shown here, has two
2000 x-intercepts. The graph of g( x ) = x 2 − 2 x + 1
R( v ) = to predict the pattern of
v + 100 has only one. Which of the following
return of a particular investment, where R is statements is true?
the return, expressed as a percentage, and v is y
the dollar value invested. What return can she
expect from an investment of $400? 10

8
A. 2%
B. 4% 6
C. 5% 4
D. 10% 2
x
The following question contains a blank marked –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices. –2
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the –4
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will –6
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
–8
choice, it will appear in the blank.)
–10
24. Landon and Molly have a footrace. Molly’s
distance in feet from the starting line after
A. The x-intercept of g(x) lies between those
t seconds is given by M(t ) = 3.95t . Landon’s
of f(x).
distance in feet from the starting line after
B. The x-intercept of g(x) lies to the right of
t seconds during the race is in the table below.
those of f(x).
Assuming they both keep a constant pace,
C. The x-intercept of g(x) lies to the left of
wins the race.
those of f(x).
Select . . . ▾ D. The x-intercept of g(x) coincides with one
Landon of those of f(x).
Molly 5 2 2
26. Evaluate f ( x ) = x − x − 7 for x = −6.
9 3
t 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 A. 7
L(t) 19.5 39 58.5 78 97.5 117 136.5 156 175.5 B. 13
C. 17
D. 20

The following two questions each contain a set of

choices marked Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice
that is correct. (Note: On the real GED® test, the
choices will appear as a “drop-down” menu. When
you click on a choice, it will appear in the blank.)
102 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

27. A sand hopper is emptied through a chute. 29. Graph the function given in the following table.
The amount w of sand in kilograms
t seconds after the chute is opened is given x –7 –6 –3 –1 0 2 5 6 8
by w (t ) = 1000 − 5t . The hopper next to it is f(x) 4 –1 0 7 –2 6 2 –4 1
being filled from a dump truck. The truck’s
entire load of 125 kilograms of sand is dumped y
in 30 seconds. Which is moving sand faster, the
open chute or the truck while dumping? 10
8
Select . . . ▾
6
the open chute
the dump truck 4
2
28. A tool factory manager is evaluating two x
machines that stamp parts for hammers. The –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
result of his testing is displayed in the graph. –2
Which machine should the factory buy? –4
–6
100

90 The following question –8 contains a set of choices

80
marked Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice that is
–10
correct. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
70
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
Hammer parts

60 Machine A choice, it will appear in the blank.)

50 Machine B
40 30. Line A passes through the point (0, 17) on the
y-axis and continues to the right, dropping
30
3 units for every unit to the right. Line B is
20 given by 5 x − 3 y = 30 . Which line has the
10 larger x-intercept?

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Minutes Select . . . ▾
Line A
Select . . . ▾ Line B
Machine A
Machine B 31. What word best describes the function
4 7
f( x ) = − x − ?
13 5
A. negative
B. increasing
C. linear
D. symmetric
 Chapter 13 ~ Functions 103

32. A set D has 5 elements, and a set R has 35. Mark the area in the graph below where the
3 elements. How many functions can be function is constant.
defined with domain D and range R? y
A. 15
10
B. 125
8
C. 150
D. 243 6

4
33. What is the value of the function 2
f(x) = – 4 x – 7 when x = 0?
13 5 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
x

A. – 111 –2
65 –4
B. – 7
–6
5
C. 0 –8

D. 7 –10
5
34. The function I (n) = 28 , 000 + 4 , 000n
represents the average annual income in The following two questions each contain a set of
dollars for a person with n years of college choices marked Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice
education. What is the best interpretation for that is correct. (Note: On the real GED® test, the
the equation I( 4 ) = 44 , 000? choices will appear as a “drop-down” menu. When
A. A person with 4 years of college should you click on a choice, it will appear in the blank.)
request an annual average salary of
$44,000 when interviewing. 36. Which is steeper, the line g(x) whose
B. A person with 4 years of college will earn x-intercept is 7 and y-intercept is –5, or the
$44,000 more each year on average than if linear function f ( x ) = −3 x + 9?
they didn’t attend college. Select . . . ▾
C. A person with 4 years of college will earn
$44,000 annually, on average. f(x)
D. A person with 4 years of college should g(x)
look for a position that starts at $44,000
annually. 37. Luz built a function h(t ) = −16t 2 + 320t
to estimate the height in feet of an object
launched vertically from the ground t seconds
after launch. The object she launches carries
a miniaturized telemetry broadcaster, from
which she records the data in the table below
during a test launch. Does the function predict
the object’s falling to the ground sooner or
later than is indicated by the telemetry?

t 3 6 9 12 15
T(t) 576 864 864 576 0

Select . . . ▾
sooner
later
104 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

38. The equation f (a) = b implies that what point 41. The following table displays values in a
is on the graph of f(x)? proportional relationship. The graph that
follows displays a different proportional
A. (a, b)
relationship. Which relationship has the larger
B. (b, a)
rate of change?
C. (–a, b)
D. (–b, a) x 3 5 8 12
5 25 P(x) 54 90 144 216
39. Where is the function f ( x ) = x −
negative? 8 16 y

A. x < 5 200 (10, 200)

8
B. x < 5
160

2 120

C. x > 5 80
4
40
D. x = 0
x
2 4 6 8 10
40. Mark the area in the graph below where the
function is positive. Select . . . ▾
y table
10 graph
8
42. Is the following graph that of a function?
6
y
4

2 10

x 8
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
–2 6

–4 4

–6 2

–8 x
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
–10 –2

–4

–6
The following two questions each contain a set of –8
choices marked Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the choice
–10
that is correct. (Note: On the real GED® test, the
choices will appear as a “drop-down” menu. When
you click on a choice, it will appear in the blank.)
Select . . . ▾
yes
no
 Chapter 13 ~ Functions 105

⎛ 3⎞ 45. Which quadratic function is negative over a

43. Evaluate f ⎜⎜− ⎟⎟ for f ( x ) = 4 x 2 − 6 x + 3 . larger subset of its domain, f(x), with values
⎟
⎜⎝ 2 ⎠
given in the following table, or g(x), graphed
A. 3 below?
B. 12
x –5 –4 –1 0 3 4 7 8
C. 18
D. 21 f(x) 3 0 –6 –7 –7 –6 0 3

y
44. What is the domain of the function in the
following graph? 10

y 8

6
10
4
8
2
6
x
4 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
–2
2
–4
x
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
–6
–2
–8
–4
–10
–6

–8
Select . . . ▾
–10
f(x)

and g(x)

46. Is the following graph that of a function?

y
The following three questions each contain a set
of choices marked Select . . . ▾ . Indicate the
choice that is correct. (Note: On the real GED® test, the 2
choices will appear as a “drop-down” menu. When
you click on a choice, it will appear in the blank.) 1

x
–2 –1 1 2

–1

–2

Select . . . ▾
yes
no
106 McGraw-Hill Education Mathematical Reasoning Workbook for the GED® Test

9
47. Which of the intercepts of f ( x ) = − x + 9 is Use the following for questions 49–50.
closer to the origin? 10
A baseball is hit by the batter; its height in
Select . . . ▾ feet t seconds after being hit is given by
x-intercept h(t ) = −16t 2 + 128t + 4 .
y-intercept

48. Graph f ( x ) = x 2 − 4 x − 5. 49. What is the maximum height of the ball,

reached 4 seconds after being hit?
y
A. 16 ft
10 B. 260 ft
8 C. 512 ft
6 D. 516 ft
4
50. What is the domain of the baseball height
2 function?
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
x Fill in the boxes to complete the inequality.
–2
≤t≤
–4

–6

–8

–10
 POSTTEST

Mathematical Reasoning

46 questions 115 minutes

This posttest is intended to give you an idea of how ready you are to take the real GED® Mathematical
Reasoning test. Try to work every problem, in a quiet area and with enough time so that you are free
from distractions. The usual time allotted for the test is 115 minutes, but it is more important to be sure
you get a chance to think about every problem than it is to finish ahead of time.
Answers and solutions for every problem can be found at the end of the posttest.

PART I: NO CALCULATOR
7
1. Circle all values that are solutions to C.
8
4 x 2 – 36 = 0 . 7
D.
–36 –9 –3 3 9 36 80
PART II: CALCULATOR ALLOWED
136
2. Write as a mixed number in lowest terms.
32 6. If the table represents a function, fill in the two
17 missing numbers.
A. Write your answers in the shaded boxes.
4
1 x –2 –1 0 1 2 1 5 –2
B. 4
4
8 f(x) 3 0 2 6 7 5
C. 4
32
4 7. Circle any pair of points on the graph that
D. 4 show why it is not the graph of a function.
16
y
3 2
3. Add 7 + 4 .
8 5 10
Write your answer in the blank. 8

4
4. Add 13.50 + 17.995 + 6.008.
2
Write your answer in the box.
x
–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
–2

–4
5. What fraction equals 0.875? –6

–8
87.5
A.
100 –10
151
B.
200
151
152 POSTTEST: Mathematical Reasoning

POSTTEST

x –2 y 5
8. If f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 7 x + 3 , what is f (5)? 14. Divide .
x –3 y 2
A. 88
y3
B. 63 A.
C. 138 x5
D. 85 B. xy 3
x5
9. Circle two points on the number line that are C.
y3
separated by a distance of 23 units.
D. x –5 y 7
–18 –12 –8 –1 4 8 15
15. Solve for x: 4 x 2 – 7 x = 15.
–20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20

⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
10. Multiply ⎜ x 3 ⎟ ⎜ x 3 ⎟ .
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
A.
{ }
5
− ,3
4

A. 1
–
1
B. { }
5
4
,−3

B. x 9

C. x 3
2

2
C.
{− 45 , −3}
{ }
–
D. x 3
D. 5
,3
4
11. Factor 8 x 2 + 24 x + 18 .
A. ( 4 x + 3)2 x 2 y 4 z −3
16. Divide .
B. 2(2 x + 3)2 xyz 3
C. ( 4 x + 3)(2 x + 6) x2y 4
A.
D. (2 x + 3)2 xyz 6
B. 3x 6
x 2 – 9 x + 20 y z
12. Divide .
x –5 xy 3
C.
A. x – 4 z6
x –5 xy 3
B. 1 D. 9
z
x –5
C.
x–4
D. x – 4

13. Solve for x: 3 x – 11 < 5 x – 7 .

A. x > –2
B. x < –2
C. x >2
D. x <2
 POSTTEST: Mathematical Reasoning 153

POSTTEST

17. Andy rides his bike from his house to the 21. 7 : 4 :: 49 : .
library, a distance of 4 miles. After that, he Fill in the blank.
rides 3 miles from the library to the store. If
he follows the path shown below, how far is it
22. The ratio of the sides of two squares is 1:2.
from the store back to Andy’s house?
What is the ratio of their areas?
Home
A. 1:1
B. 1:2
C. 1:4
D. 2:1
Library Store
23. Circle the number of the straight line that has
A. 5 miles slope 4 and that passes through the point (5, 3).
B. 7 miles y
C. 9 miles
D. 12 miles 12
2
10
1
18. Wendy has taken five tests and has an average 8
of 84. What must she make on the next test to 6
3
raise her average to an 85? 4

A. 84 2 4

B. 85 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10 12
x

C. 86 –2
D. 90 –4

–6
19. Solve for x: 4 x 2 – 9 = 0. –8

–10
9
A. ±
4 –12

3
B. ±
2
24. What does f ( x ) approach as x becomes larger
2 and larger but negative, if
C. ±
3
f ( x ) = x 3 – 2 x 2 + 12 x + 5?
3
D. ± Circle the correct answer.
2
+∞
2x − 7 7y + 3
20. Subtract − .
4x 6y
0
9 xy – 4
A.
24 xy
–∞
B. – 6 x + 8 xy + 21y
12 xy
–8 xy – 21y + 6 x 25. Write 0.0095 as a reduced fraction.
C.
12 xy Write your answer in the box.
2 x – 7 y – 10 xy
D.
24 xy
154 POSTTEST: Mathematical Reasoning

POSTTEST

The following question contains a blank marked 29. What is the area of this triangle?
Select . . . ▾ . Beneath the blank is a set of choices.
Indicate the choice that is correct and belongs in the
blank. (Note: On the real GED® test, the choices will
5 10
appear as a “drop-down” menu. When you click on a
5
choice, it will appear in the blank.)

26. Erlene and Bob have a bet to see who makes

10
the higher score on their final exam in biology.
After the exam they compare papers. Erlene’s A. 50
teacher has written 86% at the top of her B. 25
paper. Bob’s teacher has written 42/50 on C. 10
the top of his paper. After Erlene and Bob D. 5
convert their scores to be on the same scale,
it is clear that made the 30. What is the length of a side of a right triangle
higher score. if the other side measures 12 centimeters and
the hypotenuse measures 20 centimeters?
Select . . . ▾
A. 8 centimeters
Erlene B. 16 centimeters
Bob C. 23.32 centimeters
D. 256 centimeters
27. What is the average of the data set below?
Write your answer in the box. 31. Which of the following has a larger area?
Place an X on the correct blank.
{0.0012, 0.00067, 0.0023, 0.01, 0.009}
a circle with a diameter of
30 centimeters

a square that measures

30 centimeters on a side
28. What is the perimeter of a hexagon that is
17 inches on a side? 32. Gerald uses 4 cups of flour and 1 cup of sugar
A. 51 inches in his famous cookie recipe. If he needs to
B. 102 inches make five batches, how much flour and sugar
C. 112 inches must he have on hand?
D. 119 inches A. 4 cups flour, 1 cup sugar
1
B. 10 cups flour, 2 cups sugar
2
C. 5 cups flour, 20 cups sugar
D. 20 cups flour, 5 cups sugar
 POSTTEST: Mathematical Reasoning 155

POSTTEST

5
33. Evaluate 4 2 . 38. What is the smallest integer value that makes
x ≥ −10 true?
A. 32
Write your answer in the box.
B. 1.74
C. 512
D. 1,048,567

Use the following for questions 34–35. 39. Arrange in order from smallest to greatest:
4 3 1
0.47, 21%, 0.06, , , 33 %
Only 9% of the residents in a county live on farms. 5 8 3
The population of the county is 127,000 people.
< < < <
34. How many people do NOT live on farms?
<
A. 11,430
B. 14,111 40. A line has the equation 3 x − 5 y = 15 . What is
C. 114,300 its slope?
D. 115,570
5
A. −
35. 17% of the people in the county are above 3
the average age. How many people are 3
B. −
above the average age? 5
A. 21,590 3
C.
5
B. 74,700
C. 90,170 5
D.
D. 105,050 3

36. A bowl is filled with 5 red, 6 yellow, and 41. What is the sum of 2 x + 13 and 6 x + 3?
4 white balls. What is the probability of
drawing a red ball and then a white ball at A. 8x + 16
random? B. 8x2 + 16
C. 4x − 10
9 D. x+2
A.
21
9 42. Given a group of 12 women and six men, how
B. many distinct groups of three women and
29
2 three men can be formed?
C.
21 A. 120
1 B. 1320
D.
3 C. 4400
D. 158,400
37. Expand ( 2 x + 5) .
2

A. 4 x 2 + 25
B. 2 x 2 + 10 x + 5
C. 4 x + 10
D. 4 x 2 + 20 x + 25
156 POSTTEST: Mathematical Reasoning

POSTTEST

43. Graph y = – x 2 + 2 x + 8 . 45. Build the equation of the line passing between
y the points ( 2, 7 ) and ( 4 , –7 ) by filling in the
blanks with the correct numbers. Choose from
10 –21, –14, –7, 7, 14, 21. (Note: On the real GED®
8 test, you will click on the numbers you choose
6 and “drag” them into position.)
4 y = _____x + _____
2

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
x 46. Where does the graph of y = 6 x 2 + 5 x − 6
–2 intersect the y-axis?
–4 A. 1
–6 B. 6
C. –6
–8
D. –1
–10

44. If the enrollment at a school was 1250 last

year and is 1500 this year, what is the percent
increase from last year to this year?
A. 20%
B. 17%
C. 9%
D. –20%

THIS IS THE END OF THE MATHEMATICAL REASONING POSTTEST.

ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS BEGIN ON THE NEXT PAGE.
 POSTTEST: Mathematical Reasoning 157

POSTTEST

Answers and Solutions

1. –3 and 3 Since the term with x 1is missing,
11. B 8 x 2 + 24 x + 18 = 2(4 x 2 + 12 x + 9) =
solve for x 2:
8 x 2+ 24 x + 18 = 2(4 x 2 + 12 x + 9) =
2
2 2 4x 36
4 x – 36 + 36 = 20 + 36 → 4 x = 36 → = → x 2 2(2
= 9x + 3)(2 x + 3) = 2(2 x + 3)2
4 x 36 4 4
4 x 2 – 36 + 36 = 0 + 36 → 4 x 2 = 36 → = → x2 = 9 2(2 x + 3)(2 x + 3) = 2(2 x + 3)2
2 4 4
4x 36
36 + 36 = 0 + 36 → 4 x 2 = 36 → = → x2 = 9 12. D Factor and cancel:
2 4 4
4 x 36
36 → 4 x 2 = 36 → = → x2 = 9 x 2 – 9 x + 20 ( x – 4 )( x – 5)
4 4 = = x–4
x –5 x –5
Now use the square root property:
x 2 – 9 x + 20 ( x – 4 )( x – 5)
x 2 = ± 9 → x = ±3 x –5
=
x –5
= x–4
136 8 1 x – 9 x + 20 ( x – 4 )( x – 5)
2
2. B =4 =4 = = x–4
32 32 4 x –5 x –5
13. A 3 x – 11 < 5 x – 7 → 3 x – 11 – 5 x < 5 x – 7 – 5 x
31 3 2 5 3 8 2 153 x –16 11 < 531
x – 7 → 3 x – 11 – 5 x < 5 x – 7 – 5 x →
3. 11 7 + 4 = 11 and + = • + • = + =
40 8 5 5 8 8 5 40 40 40 –2 x – 11 < –7 → –2 x – 11 + 11 < –7 + 11 →
3 2 5 3 8 2 15 16 31 – 2 x – 11 < – 7 → – 2 x – 11 + 11 < –7 + 11 →
+ = • + • = + = –2 x 4
8 5 5 8 8 5 40 40 40 –2 x < 4 → > → x > –2
4. 37.503 – 2 – 2
–2 x 4
875 7 –2 x < 4 → > → x > –2
5. C 0.875 = = –2 –2
1000 8
14. B Rearranging before dividing:
6. 5 and 2 A function has only one f(x) value
for each x. The missing numbers x –2 y 5 x3y5
−3 2
= 2 2
= xy 3
must match those already in the x y x y
chart.
15. A 4 x 2 – 7 x – 15 = 15 – 15 → 4 x 2 – 7 x – 15 = 0 →
x –2 –1 0 1 2 1 5 4–2 x – 7 x – 15 = 15 – 15 → 4 x 2 – 7 x – 15 = 0 →
2

f(x) 5 3 0 2 6 2 7 5 ( 4 x + 5)( x – 3) = 0 → 4 x + 5 = 0 or x – 3 = 0
( 4 x + 5)( x – 3) = 0 → 4 x + 5 = 0 or x – 3 = 0 →
7. (6, 8) and Any point on the top half of the 4 x + 5 – 5 = 0 – 5 or x – 3 + 3 = 0 + 3 → 4 x =
(6, –8) circle and the point directly below 4 x + 5 – 5 = 0 – 5 or x – 3 + 3 = 0 + 3 → 4 x = –5
4 x –5
it on the lower half4 x of
+ 5the = 0 – 5 or x – 3 + 3 = 0 + 3 → 4 x = –5 or x = 3 →
– 5circle = or x = 3 → x =
4 4
will suffice; for instance (–8, 6) and 4 x –5 5
or x = 3 → = or x = 3 → x = – or x = 3
(–8, –6), or (0, 10) and (0, –10) also 4 4 4
work. 4 x –5 5
or x = 3 → = or x = 3 → x = – or x = 3
2 4 4 4
8. A f(5) = 2(5) + 7(5) + 3 = 2 • 25 + 35 + 3 = 50 + 38 = 88
2
f(5) = 2(5) + 7(5) + 3 = 2 • 25 + 35 + 3 = 50 + 38 = 88 x2y 4 xy 3
16. C Rearranging first, = .
xyz 3 z 3 z6
9. –8 and 15 15 – (–8) = 15 + 8 = 23 = 23 17. A Since the path forms a right
triangle, use the Pythagorean
⎛ –1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 1 1
– + theorem: a2 + b2 = c2. In this case,
10. A ⎜x ⎟⎜x ⎟ = x
3 3 3 3
= x0 = 1 42 + 32 = c2 → 16 + 9 = c2 →
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ 25 = c2 → c = 25 = 5.
 158 POSTTEST: Mathematical Reasoning

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18. D She has 84 × 5 = 420 total points after 26. Erlene Convert both scores to decimals
five tests. She needs 85 × 6 = 510 total to compare. Erlene’s 86% = 0.86.
points to raise her average to an 85. Bob’s 42/50 = 0.84. Erlene has the
510 – 420 = 90. higher score.

4x2 9 9 0.004634 0.01 + 0.009 + 0.0023 + 0.0012 +

27.
19. B 4x2 – 9 = 0 → 4x2 = 9 → = → x2 = → 0.00067 = 0.02317. Divide by 5 to
4 4 4
4x2 9 9 get 0.004634.
– 9 = 0 → 4x2 = 9 → = → x2 = →
4 4 4 28. B Hexagons have six sides, so
9 3 p = 6 × 17 = 102 .
x2 = ± →x=±
4 2 29. B The area of a triangle is given by
2 9 3 1 1
x =± →x=± A = bh = • 10 • 5 = 5 • 5 = 25.
4 2 2 2
20. B The least common denominator 30. B Use the Pythagorean theorem.
is 12xy.
a2 + 122 = 202 →
2 x – 7 7 y + 3 3y 2 x – 7 2 x 7 y + 3 a2 + 144 = 400 → a2 + 144 – 144 = 400 – 144 →
– = • – • =
4x 6y 3y 4x 2x 6y
a2 + 144 = 400 → a2 + 144 – 144 = 400 – 144 →
2 x – 7 7 y + 3 3y 2 x – 7 2 x 7 y + 3
– = • – • = a2 = 256 → a2 = 256 → a = 16
4x 6y 3y 4x 2x 6y
a2 = 256 → a2 = 256 → a = 16
6 xy – 21y 14 xy + 6 x 6 xy – 21y – 14 xy – 6 x
– = =
12 xy 12 xy 12 xy 31. the square
y – 21y 14 xy + 6 x 6 xy – 21y – 14 xy – 6 x Since the diameter of the circle is equal to the
– = =
12 xy 12 xy 12 xy length of a side of the square, the circle fits
–8 xy – 21y – 6 x 6 x + 8 xy + 21y within the square, so it is smaller. Or you can
=– calculate the areas, using a circle radius of 15.
12 xy 12 xy
32. D The flour/sugar ratio of 4:1 is for one
7 49 7 49 batch, and 4:1::20:5.
21. 28 = → 4n • = 4n • → 7n = 4 • 49 →
4 n 4 n
7 49 7n 4 • 49
→ 4n • = 4n • → 7n = 4 • 49 → = = 28A
→ n = 4 • 7 → n 33. By the properties of exponents,
4 n 7 7 5
7n 4 • 49
( 4)
5
= → n = 4 • 7 → n = 28 42 = = 25 = 32 .
7 7
22. C Although the ratio of sides is 1:2, we 34. D Multiplying, 127, 000 × 0.09 = 11, 430 .
square sides to find area, so the ratio of Subtracting 127, 000 – 11, 430 = 115, 570
areas is 1:4. residents not on farms.

23. line 2 35. A Multiplying 127, 000 × 0.17 = 21, 590

who are above the average age.
24. –∞ The highest-degree term rules the end
behavior. 36. C The trials are independent, so we
multiply, but the number of balls
19 95 19 changes.
25. =
2000 10, 000 2000 5 4 20 2
(reds ) × ( whites) = =
15 14 210 21
 POSTTEST: Mathematical Reasoning 159

POSTTEST

37. D (2 x + 5)2 = (2 x + 5)(2 x + 5) = 4 x 2 + 20 x + 2543. y

x + 5) = (2 x + 5)(2 x + 5) = 4 x + 20 x + 25
2 2
10

38. –10 Since there is a greater-than-or-equal- 8

to sign, the number –10 is part of the 6
solution, along with all the integers
4
from there to positive infinity.
2
1 3 4
39. 0.06 < 21% < 33 % < < 0.47 < x
3 8 5 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10
–2
40. C Solve for y to put the equation in the –4
slope-intercept form, y = mx + b :
–6
3 x – 5 y = 15 → 3 x – 5 y – 3 x = 15 – 3 x →
–8
3 x – 5 y = 15 → 3 x – 5 y – 3 x = 15 – 3 x →
–5 y –3 x + 15 3
–5 y = –3 x + 15 → = → y = x –3 –10
–5 –5 5
–5 y –3 x + 15 3
–5 y = –3 x + 15 → = → y = x –3
–5 –5 5
44. A increase = 1500 – 1250 = 250; percent
–5 y –3 x + 15 3 3
+ 15 → = → y = x – 3 , so m = 250 1
–5 –5 5 5 increase = = = 20%
1250 5
41. A
45. y = –7 x + 21
(2 x + 13) + (6 x + 3) = 2 x + 6 x + 13 + 3 = 8 x + 16
–7 – 7 –14
2 x + 13) + (6 x + 3) = 2 x + 6 x + 13 + 3 = 8 x + 16 The slope is m = = = –7. Using
4–2 2
= 2 x + 6 x + 13 + 3 = 8 x + 16
y = –7 x + b and the coordinates of the point
(2, 7), 7 = –7 • 2 + b → 7 = –14 + b → 21 = b.
42. C There are 12 × 11 × 10 choices of
women, but because the order they 46. C When the curve intersects the y-axis,
are chosen does not matter, divide x = 0. Substituting x = 0 results in
that by the number of ways to arrange y = 6 • 02 + 5 • 0 – 6 = –6.
three people (3 × 2 × 1). There are 6 ×
5 × 4 choices of men, but because the
order they are chosen does not matter,
divide that by the number of ways to
arrange three people (3 × 2 × 1). Put it
all together to get (12 × 11 × 10) ÷ (3 ×
2 × 1) × (6 × 5 × 4) ÷ (3 × 2 × 1) = 4400.
160 POSTTEST: Mathematical Reasoning

POSTTEST

Evaluation Chart
Circle the item number of each problem you missed. To the right of the item numbers, you will find the
chapters that cover the skills you need to solve the problems. More problem numbers circled in any row
means more attention is needed to sharpen those skills for the GED® test.

Item Numbers Chapter

9, 38 1. Whole Numbers and Integers
10, 14, 16, 33 2. Exponents, Roots, and Properties
of Numbers
2, 3, 5, 25, 26, 39 3. Fractions and Operations
4, 5, 25, 39 4. Decimal Numbers and
Operations
21, 22, 32 5. Ratios, Rates, and Proportions
26, 34, 35, 39, 44 6. Percents and Applications
18, 27 7. Statistics
36, 42 8. Probability and Counting
17, 22, 28, 29, 30, 31 9. Geometry
1, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 37, 41 10. Polynomial and Rational
Expressions
13, 17 11. Solving Equations and
Inequalities
23, 40, 43, 45, 46 12. Graphing Equations
6, 7, 8, 24 13. Functions