Paga No.

Modute 5 Data

Relaiera) Datalas TDesign Fres

yaads tor deaigning alationaJ datalase
Beaign &houtd eaLLe tht au datalau opratns wiu u
e7icierty RNgormed and Dems should ot pesjotm
öpina ceridistnuy cheuhs.
ixpinaue
N data udunodhy ehould Jee th
Rata adaD, updatta deletienu wiu u etpleient 4 simpl
Data setsinal, summasigat) < reporting wil alas Je
Chamges to datala4e dehena ave easy
to ahe

Pitjalla n Klatiendl Batalase desujn -

Kedun dant data 8
nat dilu H update amenmaliiu
stonag wastage
yenenatien of imaluid data
EmployeeProjeet ble
Sid tname 'AddcsPrheattd Prieat Salany
Sálhin Liaad 1PP
2 Vasmy 44 CAP B0UDO
3 SuhdieAndhes PID |aDDD
CAP ASDDD
Lex
Jay Vahi LEX 800DD
12
e uith to do amy mociicajh oot)

peaem duombolio date

Smwalid data.
 Page No.
Dete

Camet supuant wnemath dauutly in ony fuagent,

not ponie sth 'mer

shRAtNA
inb empprojet ('n', huu 'ul', P2) 'AB
pndny yanieu atstota ulatiom

the aulatten au ulatd slth eauh eth.

miagping na xLatinmest the dupnainiu

uiu hae seen auenntd jo 4 sesuttth dealgo shouty
hane aumple atulines
by tnp (Empid, nami , salasy)
ui dypndut on
en empid, as eauh emplosee
Baiany

Rlational datataau dualyo qius

forn otates reationu.
Aume nany a time seme ©nkomato i not bafble
t nude un dataaAL
deuigo Senm
spsat en haatien.
 tougs Empmb
|2 Enpno
owy dependenyrjcctna mosl ay hotd
doefn the that meams athilute
mem A
endenuy nctienal i-A Dependeny ctimal Fun Fule A)
denci
s DepenFuntBenal of pea
3
C
Ename’écode iVOK
pendent quneiemally B A
A
oAen
A ’B A
valme dapendent
en
empid depundent ly
empíd pasticlas cauAl de 63-
a 1ssalav sa Empid,
lan) Name, mp(
ble). pos not
trie X value
of oneexacty there atalne ah
dipendent
xof 4unetienally atthibutu
u Y R,geD a Sn
pecBely
aseiatudusics
Rfn xvleof eauh eniy o X
4 is Ratrlbutu
dent 4untënally
en oY
fs B athr+bute
udundamy ulalien
R, GTven
aliab+ty chhane dts
dependent
ep is IDHence
employee chamges
41D Mahod1
tmpidcmpnameMahs
aleo chonged when name attnibute.
amethus adon attrilmt alnes
o dutexmines
t ED
relatlen a
atnintiA
)e dwo enstxaunla expuess mhanism
to JE -
Dependeneyi FunctpOYidLA
fenaia
AB e t i i a - AB’ A
(ege No,
94S
34S
ontriial P AB-AB
QS16leHouns is dependend on bath empno
(ABCV
f pnyeatno
One alene.
(E DECv
OcDEá) Pastint skunctienal ependenyi
-A mmkuy column u dugtndent on dom.
tolumn h empsita pdmaxy ky of tasta.
An FD A’B aa patial dupundeny 43t
3aa thxa s Aeme attbilrte XEA-(Xis subset dA)
that om e eemved
Atiu hotd. tem A4 diun dunay
Compaslr key ’en ket
émpno , rner mo'y’ Eng
that i&. Emp-noEname
Emp-no name
tname is patially
Sime erah cor dezundent en Empna, Irngject
e dettmhed ALng enp
latiem

3) Tornathiye dependeney i Dentey ronkeuy

ahamging any nen kisy cauaLS change
men hy oumn ihsuh situat)

An Ep Xy io a
xalatien
dug1ndnig
dipandiny , thua i Aet of Raatronuttire
attileute
e
amd’y hotds tue.

ename no, Snqrdoy

Depedencys trankiive beause,
ho- DMarNo to Þumte). Dro
 Atribute Closuse 3- 05 a setA am eaeplred as set of attrí bubr
Jhah com etmeienaty detonminadRCABcDEF)
petnte dunotud "oy rt.
AB,C De Al- FDr Af
Dt= DA-B
3 DEt= DE AF CB

t udakined as sulalienahp ushieh aucpti ces piocluet

pattern
X’’yu said to hotd e a sulat)
aseiat ýale
taues 4 hawe no diptndun n At of attri butu of Z

émaloye ( tnamy, Addus, lar)

Ename dddres

dddses iù independent of tname. lan

simsteng's AziemA-Ginep thab A, B c aee Aati o
A umctienal dupendentil. hese ae ula.
al diptnduniu.
CRAT Rules)
Reffecbiky>
Cxthen X
Augnatatien then X’Y

t clhsuge-8(A,8,, D,E) RCAB,C, D, ¬,F)

A’ Be, CDE B = BD ABC, BCAD, D’ECFB,
Aet.=AD CDE
 B9E D
BC-’
8C’DE
AE
B>E 4A’B
belesm aiemd memlst\do Seme Calculati
AC+F
B’t, BC’FABA’C,
D,BC’
E,t) RCA,B,
C,D,
dundiny
co wncienal amy Rduirg ti)
dipandenj. pxent
in atributi ézthamueus
ay e Ahould
ot the meams
minimal't
attritu one enly Aentaind
XZWX
depndeny gumaienal A5)Aaprhial
Aoneai
set
Pseudo
RHG on
altedy
RH3
BD aluoay
en
co A y h Inien-
C4 thun
AB X2 and
Dete
Page
c
 guecds ndo dimle HLehd.
Aome omsaaind ae
mamnA
aame no epatud tabtes s datalas.
o muttipu tablu
then thee ae chanes tthat theae takles wu not Le
Aonaistent ncae updauon, natD or ditctien.
Broces of designiag_a lonáslant dalalaa y minimigig
Rudundni 4 erauntng data integity thauyts puinujl
soals oj Saniaae TNomaligatD
(1) ensunes Sata fntgniy
ensthaint
mis oharant
Ritountial ériegity ensthaint
tr) frsent Rudundany
tipdate data ip Che taste not etected in Ghee-table
ealeed updat Memalt

Snployeead namel Sal.

1 AbC
ABc
O5pracet
PaB I|K

Indicot edNome DoB

ABL
 Pege No.
Date

tnsert oneral
fauuty (Pid, Pname, Subjet Aoda, Sabjeut, Clas)
Camot Lsd detals of us autty mumbe
oho ha not en astghed to teach amy scuhjeut

Deletien anomaly
Entir kauutty dutail dsst uun i4we cwisb to
juat stiouo that a yautky ís sempeihakily not
Hachinga susyelt.

Keduus perjetmamil.
fNornal For:-usds
4NA
value te eah atirutt
atmi valts-’ impl1
the ahould mot e oy nditble.ahas
data. upating qustupak
taulty
Yogea,1ett6g |Subjed
DaA
l2

1S
 Page No

|02 DmPrakosh 0g/b s/POpe

1P 16

he scubjeet Coluy does not hewe atomi valles clso the ha uy

(isung INE , we recostrut the table as)

SN Pcode Fnume DoB Subjet Hors
foqesh
2 SS
LDO |2

Py
6 101 erit 1s
3/2| &o PURC
102 Pco &
162 |P

SrNo uniuely idertkies each

Problem But redundomey of clata fs încuaed
hese

TNF2- For a relatfon to be i QNE,lt has to be in NE

toeny menhuy atrbete ?s tety functra lly dpendunt

enpuimay kuy og alatin not uurpait
pimay kuy
Herne there shouid ant be patial
dependany
 Page No.
Dete

se Repeakéng paat
Fauiy. -
Fauaity cole Pname DOB Facutty cole
togesh Facuty name,
(0) Aut DOe
|D2 OmP
PKhe
Subfeet
SNo. Fautyteds Sabijet
DSA
Hodos.

3 |0D
16
P
I2
(02 PoRA
(02 PCo

PH Herc
Faeutycede gom hese
Anemaliu

aashing same aubjet ubud uaut he xedundany c

Upaciss
shongd, cha change
that
 Susjet
Hbures
Pcono
RC
Puo 02 1
|02
b
4
Ss 2
ubget coclFacuuy
e &No
elimunaled emust
u tamaitíe 3NE, in be to
table a on
sat als helss
dependeny tronmaittie athere
i_ Henu
dipinda
on Subjct
dubjet depind
en Hours a
dipndu. tramaittvely i_butr atri Mon-key mD
PK en
k3NE iio relatn -A 3NP
Heun3. Kuayeut,
dugeutJ ende, Facuug S8rnoy
Hugaaing Deleken:
Cate
c.Fage
 Data

Advankags
TnsertD No data gedundonuy o sekpest /htuns
Easi to update houn scct
Lupdloo
Delot
eaub com e sttl jeteeine d.

BuNE A relanRfs in BCNE k and enly

Leey dutirminont a ck,
D| Ename Qualijicarn Gaacle Did Dnam
Aatioh BE
saita ME
2 Phd A 10 1T.

QualigicaD
DD Qual, id
jaadea
PD, Did ’ CK

Rutel tabe &houd u m 3NA

2- Xshoua be supuky to
kor emey Po

OuAtdStu Bamn S CouneB-no &tuscno

Cs DB 20)

lo2 BoDz
lo2
 Page No.
Date

B(ABD)
ABC D
A-CD B D A
A’ BD AB- ABD
ABc= ABCD ce
+
Ce add fng AB on
BD -BDAC
Cpb but
CKABBD
Sh
Loould be

R(ABCDEF)
AB c paotial Atpendenuy
C’D isnencamot
B’AE BFT = BEAECD-CK
AB is esential attrfbute.
2NP AB+ ABCD

AB’D
A, B&prme athibutia 4 C,DE nenpm athributn
DSheuid bt in INF B’c
Bsheutd mot have
porditdepand1n prtoF key nen hay
RLCABD) R2('bc)
partial dependenau
R (ABSRE)
R2 D’e
AB ABDT= R
b 2 a l
4 DE ABCponsfo
3 b 2

UWnial
C 3 a3
C9
3 K. (AGL)R
3
3
2
(DE) Rz
e
e 3
Bc RARRED
(ABCDEFQH1I) AB,BE,CD
Act ABDEK

C-NP Re (ABE)
R2(cb)
 Data

-AB
BE
A
ACT= ALBED
ABD ADCE
-RI(AC)
AQ’C paet ial dtpendenl- R2 (ABE)
R3(CD)
R(ABc)
Ra - bE)
R3- (ABD)
RCAB)
AD’ GHpantta ABD ABDc4HEFI
BDEF pontial
A’ I penttel.
H ’T

Ra (ADqHT)
R3 (BDEF)
Ry (4)

66 no
3NP
trovmstive tpcvdeny
A A

b 2
A’B
3
A- ABC d 2
2 RI(B)
R2(AB)
2
 Pape Nc.
Date

PD
3K-2P

R(ABcDE) R(ABCDEFQHIT)
ABC
ABt ABLDE ADEK4Bt)
D’E P

B-not prime,a tS6

TD
RAB), R2( pDE)
BNA

R[A CDE)
B1(ADEI).
AcTADLDE E)
C’D I)
Bprime in au

R(ABE)-Bin (Ae) (Fan)

R2 (BE)

R3 (AL)
B(ABcDE F4HLI)
As AB ABchHDIJEF
AD’ GH
DD’ EF ABCI Bc){AI)
1 AI AD G
HI
H’T

ADD
 Paga No
Data

k , BCNP
PD’ pnp GNF
TD BCNF
npipp

AbC pp
ABt A C5B
Lk Act = ABc PA PA In 3NP
In 2NE

AB C B
BCNF ’ SK
Says SK

RCABc)
CB AB Abc
Act ACB

ABc
b 8
C SK ot Sk.

d "Bi(CB)
Ra (Ac)

AC

b
C
3
2
 Fage Ne

R(AD CDEFQH) AB+ ABCDE PGn

(Ac
A’ DE AB-h

ABC A>DE BTF

BCNF & INE.
DEno

aNF - ( V(i) (i0)

DB
R(ABCDD
i) Le 5D CE-CK

(T)c’A INE

KCACDEE)
i)AB2C

( ) E ’F QNF - () (ü)« Cin)

1NE

R(ADcDE)
BNFV

AD, BD,bC
R( PBCDE
BcADE i)
DBP
 Dale

R(VwXz)
BCNE) (8)x (3) A) /
)
QNE - ()X (2) (3)
4) Vw’X INP

BCNF 0) ) (3)/

A,B C BCNP
LHS- SKORCK.
3NF
LHS. SK 0R Ck
RHs- PA

2NF
Bpeudy
BC’ D
shoul not be pardtal.
sihset
ns cPA
ABOE mopersubeet
ABCDE
ACt= AC BE D