1. erratic: unpredictable, inconsistent, irregular 45.

bazaar: a market selling a large variety of

2. secluded: hard to reach, hidden away goods
3. fluctuate: to rise and fall irregularly 46. sporadic: scattered, irregular, unpredictable
4. exalt: to praise, to worship 47. suffrage: the right to vote
5. admonish: to warn or scold someone 48. incredulous: unwilling or unable to believe
6. abrupt: sudden, unexpected, without warning something
7. content: satisfied 49. idealistic: unrealistically aiming for perfection
8. eccentric: uncommon, strange 50. conflate: to mix or combine into one (typically
9. mired: stuck in mud ideas)
10. colloquial: used in casual conversation 51. paucity: poverty, scarcity
11. reconcile: settle one’s differences, make 52. ephemeral: temporary, short-lived
compatible, bring back to peace 53. prompt: to cause (someone) to take a course of
12. alienate: to cause someone to feel isolated or action
lonely 54. reverence: deep respect for someone or
13. distinguish: to tell the difference between something
14. adequate: sufficient, enough, acceptable 55. disparity: a great difference
15. contend: 1) to deal with someone or something 56. dispassionate: not influenced by strong
2) to claim or state a belief confidently emotion, fair-minded
16. sceptical: having doubts 57. phenomenon: a noteworthy occurrence or
17. enfranchise: to give the right to vote situation
18. sophisticated: 1) having a lot of worldly 58. boast: to brag, to show off
experience and knowledge 2) complicated 59. irksome: irritating, annoying
19. radical: 1) thorough, complete, extensive 2) 60. allude: to suggest or call attention to indirectly,
fundamental, essential 3) revolutionary, extreme to make a reference to something
20. formulate: to create or think up 61. omnipotence: having unlimited or great power
21. attest: to confirm or verify 62. provoke: to cause a reaction or emotion
22. vexing: annoying, irritating (usually anger); to trigger
23. unassuming: humble, low-key 63. indulge: to allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure
24. coerce: to pressure or force someone to do of
something 64. entrenched: firmly established and unlikely to
25. adept: very skilled at something change
26. eloquent: fluent or persuasive in speaking or 65. inherent: built-in, existing in something as a
writing permanent or essential characteristic
27. austere: plain and without decoration, comforts, 66. vernacular: everyday informal language, local
or anything extra dialect
28. dread: to fear, be afraid of 67. inquisition: interrogation, questioning
29. inevitable: unavoidable 68. anecdote: a short personal story
30. to stress: to emphasise 69. malign: evil in nature, harmful
31. spawn: to produce, generate, or create 70. anomaly: oddity, something that is not normal
32. renounce: to give up, deny, or surrender 71. inhibit: to hold someone or something back, to
something suppress, to prevent
33. unprecedented: never done or known before 72. mutable: changeable
34. broach: to bring up a difficulty subject for 73. petty: 1) of little importance 2) caring too much
discussion about trivial matters
35. proxy: a person authorised to act on behalf of 74. avid: passionate about something
another; substitute 75. invoke: to call on or refer to something
36. detrimental: harmful, damaging 76. imprudent: foolish, reckless
37. secular: having no religious or spiritual basis 77. tenacity: persistence, determination
38. innovative: new and different 78. venerable: respected
39. tangible: real and able to be shown or touched 79. authoritarian: enforcing strict obedience to
40. disseminate: to spread widely (particularly authority
information) 80. quarrel: an angry argument or disagreement
41. delegate (verb): to assign a task to another 81. yield: 1) to produce or generate (a result) 2) to
person surrender
42. apparent: clearly visible or understood; obvious 82. ambivalent: having mixed feelings
43. postulate: to suggest or propose something 83. endeavour: to try hard to do something
44. speculate: to guess, to form a theory without 84. insurrection: a violent uprising or rebellion
firm evidence 85. contemplate: to think about for a long time
86. compel: to force someone to do something 127. emigration: the act of leaving one’s own
87. feasible: possible to do easily or conveniently country
88. conjecture: an opinion or conclusion that is 128. irate: angry, furious
unproven, a guess 129. tentative: unconfirmed, subject to change
89. arbitrary: based on random choice or personal 130. merely: only; just
impulse, rather than any reason or system 131. deceive: to trick or mislead someone
90. reinforce: to make stronger 132. trifling: unimportant, insignificant
91. to temper: to serve as a neutralising or 133. labyrinthine: complicated or confusing
counterbalancing force to something 134. decrepit: 1) weak, disabled 2) in a run-down
92. decree: an official order or command state, decayed
93. brevity: concise use of words in writing or 135. corroborate: to confirm, to verify
speech 136. obstinacy: stubbornness, unwilling to change
94. equivocal: open to more than one 137. confinement: imprisonment, captivity
interpretation; unclear 138. monotony: boredom, dullness, lack of variety
95. stronghold: a place that is strongly defended, a 139. degrade: treat with disrespect
fortress 140. dilemma: a situation in which a difficult choice
96. conceive: to form or create a plan or idea has to be made between 2 or more alternatives
97. vanity: excessive pride in one’s own 141. conventional: traditional, accepted,
appearance or achievements mainstream, standard
98. sluggish: slow-moving 142. proliferate: increase or grow rapidly
99. intuition: instinct, the ability to understand 143. aesthetic: concerned with beauty or the
something immediately appreciation of beauty
100. inexorable: impossible to stop or prevent 144. prominent: important; famous
101. engender: to cause or give rise to (a feeling, 145. unwieldy: difficult to carry or move
situation, or condition) 146. unilaterally: used to indicate that something is
102. temperament: a person’s nature, character, or done by only one person or group, without the
frame of mind agreement of others
103. upheaval: a sudden change or disruption, 147. stimulate: to trigger, spark, or activate; to
chaos excite
104. embrace: to welcome with open arms, to 148. abate: to become less intense or widespread
accept or support willingly 149. diligent: hard-working
105. substantiate: to show to be true 150. relegate: to downgrade, to lower in rank or
106. superficial: shallow, on the surface status
107. sovereignty: supreme power or authority 151. demur: to raise doubts or to protest
108. lavish: luxurious 152. novel: new or unusual in an interesting way
109. crux: the essence, the main point 153. abstract: existing in thought or as an idea but
110. indifference: lack of interest and concern not having a physical or concrete existence;
111. tact: skillfulness and sensitivity in dealing with conceptual
others or difficult issues 154. vestigial: undeveloped, nonfunctional
112. abundant: plentiful 155. preoccupied with: obsessed with something
113. viable: capable of working successfully, 156. optimistic: hopeful and confident about the
realistic, doable future
114. scorn: contempt, the feeling that someone or 157. remembrance: the act of remembering
something is worthless something; a memory
115. transgress: misbehave, disobey 158. retain: to keep, to hold on to
116. analogy: a comparison between two things 159. susceptible: easily influenced or harmed by
117. objection: a reason for disagreeing something; vulnerable
118. construe: to interpret in a particular way 160. strenuous: difficult, exhausting
119. procure: obtain, acquire 161. enchantment: magic, charm, fascination
120. evoke: to bring to mind 162. subservient: prepared to obey others,
121. depiction: portrayal, illustration submissive, less important
122. burden: a difficulty, problem, or responsibility 163. empirical: based on experience rather than
123. recollection: a memory; the act of theory or pure logic
remembering 164. hostile: unfriendly, threatening
124. tumult: confusion or disorder 165. promulgate: to make widely known, to
125. concede: admit that something is true after publicise
first denying it 166. enact: to make law, to put into practice (a
126. demeanour: manner, attitude, appearance belief, idea, or suggestion)
167. abject: miserable, hopeless, awful 205. glut: an excess supply of something
168. expend: to use up, to consume 206. antipathy: hatred, dislike
169. yielding: giving in to or complying with the 207. perilous: dangerous
requests of others 208. conception: 1) origin or beginning 2) an idea
170. ignominious: embarrassing, shameful or concept
171. naive: showing a lack of experience, wisdom, 209. repose: rest, relaxation
or judgement 210. impede: to create difficulties for someone or
172. acquisition: something that is bought or something, resulting in delay
obtained, an act of purchase 211. contradiction: a combination of statements or
173. affluent: wealthy ideas that are opposed to one another;
174. consolidate: 1) strengthen 2) combine or inconsistency
unite 212. judgmental: having an excessively critical
175. pious: very religious or spiritual point of view; disapproving
176. aggregate: collection or sum total 213. dismal: depressing, gloomy
177. scatterbrained: disorganised, forgetful 214. ambiguous: open to more than one
178. yearn: to have an intense feeling of longing for interpretation; unclear
something 215. wayward: difficult to control or predict because
179. consummate (adj.): complete or perfect, of unusual behaviour
having a high degree of skill 216. implication: 1) a conclusion that can be drawn
180. endorse: to support from something 2) a consequence or result
181. ascertain: to find (something) out for certain 217. deploy: to bring into effective action
182. onerous: involving a lot of effort, difficult 218. credibility: believability, authority
183. objective (adj.): fair-minded, not influenced by 219. complacent: overly satisfied or pleased with
personal feelings oneself
184. aspire: to hope to achieve something or be 220. convoke: to summon, to call together
successful 221. mocking: making fun of someone or
185. obsolete: no longer produced or used; out of something in a cruel way
date 222. prospect: the possibility or likelihood of some
186. inflammatory: arousing angry or violent future event occurring
feelings 223. amicable: friendly
187. sentiment: a view of or attitude towards a 224. predecessor: someone or something that
situation or event; a general feeling or opinion came before
188. candour: honesty 225. deter: to discourage (someone) from doing
189. materialistic: excessively concerned with something
material possessions or money 226. indignation: anger or annoyance
190. prejudice: a dislike or unfair opinion (of 227. fetter: to restrict or restrain, to put in chains
someone) that is not based on reason or actual 228. rigid: stiff, firm, unchangeable
experience 229. cultivate: to grow, to develop
191. distinct: clearly separate and different 230. juvenile: young, childish, immature
192. deference: respect 231. convulsion: a sudden, violent, irregular
193. extensive: large in amount or scale movement of the body
194. impose: 1) to force the acceptance of 232. devise: to plan or invent by careful thought
something 2) to cause inconvenience to someone 233. immure: to imprison someone against their
195. articulate: having the ability to speak fluently will
and persuasively 234. perturb: to make someone anxious or
196. pristine: original and pure; not spoiled or worn unsettled; to disturb
from use 235. solicitude: care or concern for someone or
197. veranda: a porch or balcony something
198. atypical: unusual, uncommon 236. pervasive: spreading widely throughout an
199. subjugate: to bring under domination or area or group of people
control, to conquer 237. tyranny: cruel and abusive government or rule
200. ubiquitous: everywhere, universal 238. apprehensive: anxious or fearful that
201. altercation: a noisy argument or disagreement something bad or unpleasant will happen
202. robust: strong and healthy, durable 239. provision: 1) a condition or requirement in a
203. subvert: to damage or weaken the authority of legal document 2) the act of providing services or
an established system resources
204. melodramatic: exaggerated, sensationalised, 240. insolent: showing a rude lack of respect
or overemotional 241. consensus: general agreement
242. discord: disagreement between people 274. actuate: 1) to cause (a machine or device) to
243. complement (verb): to add to (something) in operate 2) to cause (someone) to act in a particular
a way that enhances or completes it way
244. mortify: to cause (someone) to feel 275. versatility: ability to adapt to many different
embarrassed, ashamed, or humiliated functions or activities
245. dissipate: to disappear or evaporate 276. proclaim: to announce officially or publicly
246. doctrine: a belief or set of beliefs 277. obeisance: deep respect
247. incomprehensible: not able to be understood 278. modest: 1) humble, not showy 2) not large in
248. recount: to tell someone about something, to size or amount
give a report of an event 279. adorn: to decorate
249. inefficacious: unable to produce the intended 280. solitude: the state or situation of being alone
result 281. deplete: to use up the supply or resources of
250. adversary: one’s opponent or enemy 282. solemn: having or showing serious purpose
251. endow: to provide, to supply and determination; formal
252. confound: to cause surprise or confusion in 283. proponent: a person who supports an idea,
someone plan, or cause
253. assert: to state a fact or belief confidently and 284. keen: sharp; highly developed (usually the
forcefully senses)
254. undermine: to gradually damage or weaken 285. engulf: to surround and cover completely
someone or something 286. diverge: to go in different directions from the
255. paradox: a statement or situation that may be same point, to become different
true but seems impossible or difficult to understand 287. squalid: extremely dirty, poor, and unpleasant
because it contains two opposite facts or 288. hypothetical: imagined or suggested but not
characteristics necessarily real or true
256. apt: appropriate or suitable in the 289. pressing: urgent or needing to be dealt with
circumstances immediately
257. competent: having the necessary ability, 290. solicitation: a request for money, information,
knowledge, or skill to do something successfully or help
258. severity: the quality of being very unpleasant, 291. meddle: interfere in something that is not
unkind, or difficult one’s concern
259. dismay: a feeling of shock and unhappiness 292. coarse: 1) rough, not smooth 2) rude or
260. usurp: to take power or control of something offensive in manner or speech
by force or without the right to do so 293. reproach: to criticise or express disapproval
261. nostalgic: feeling happy and also slightly sad with someone
when you think about things that happened in the 294. immerse: 1) to put something completely
past under a liquid 2) to involve someone completely in
262. ornate: having a lot of complex patterns or an
decoration activity
263. hierarchy: a system in which people or things 295. clout: power and influence (especially in
are put at various levels or ranks according to their politics or business)
importance 296. exacerbate: to make something that is already
264. irrational: not logical or reasonable bad worse
265. bluster: talk intended to seem important or 297. dubious: doubtful
threatening but which is not taken seriously and has 298. plausible: possibly true, able to be believed,
little effect reasonable
266. subordinate: having a lower or less important 299. notion: a belief or idea
position 300. impartial: able to judge something fairly
267. malicious: intending to cause harm; evil 301. swath: a long strip or area of something
268. amend: to revise, to make changes 302. dabble: to try an activity in a casual way
269. conform: to behave according to an 303. earnest: sincere and serious
expectation or rule 304. vitality: life, energy, and strength
270. tout: to advertise or praise something (often to 305. mimic: to imitate or copy (someone’s actions
sell it) or words)
271. permeate: to spread throughout something 306. agitate: 1) to make someone troubled or
272. incantation: a series of words said as a magic nervous 2) to campaign for something in public
spell or charm 307. practical: likely to succeed or be effective in
273. impervious: not able to be influenced, hurt, or real circumstances, relating to actual experience
damaged rather than knowledge only
308. ominous: suggesting something unpleasant 340. gregarious: fond of company; sociable
will happen 341. exert: to use power or the ability to make
309. dominion: 1) control over a country or people something happen
2) the land that belongs to a ruler 342. vigorous: strong, healthy, and full of energy
310. pretence: a false display, an attempt to 343. entreat: to ask someone sincerely or anxiously
deceive to do something
311. egocentric: thinking only of oneself; 344. desolation: a state of complete emptiness or
self-centred destruction
312. exploit: to make full use of (a resource), to 345. notorious: famous for something bad
use (a person) in an unfair or selfish way 346. induce: 1) to persuade someone to do
313. comprise: to consist of or to be made up of something 2) to cause something to happen
314. plight: a dangerous, difficult, or otherwise 347. pompous: feeling that one is better or more
unfortunate situation important than other people
315. exemplify: to be a typical example of 348. disparage: to criticise someone or something
something in a way that shows a lack of respect
316. momentous: very important (in reference to a 349. intact: complete and in the original state; not
decision or event) damaged
317. reverberate: to continue to be heard; to echo 350. verdict: an opinion or judgement
repeatedly 351. mundane: ordinary and dull
318. paternal: behaving or feeling as a father does 352. spur: to encourage an activity or development,
toward his child to cause something to develop faster
319. lament: to express sadness and regret about 353. sentinel: a guard whose job is to stand and
something keep watch
320. mediation: the process by which someone 354. convey: to make (an idea or feeling) known or
tries to end a disagreement by helping the two sides understandable to someone; to communicate
to talk 355. render: to cause someone or something to be
about and agree on a solution in a particular state
321. miser: someone who has a great desire to 356. manifest: to show something clearly, through
possess money and hates to spend it signs or actions
322. supple: bending or able to be bent easily; not 357. continuum: a continuous sequence; a range
stiff; flexible 358. redress: to correct a wrong
323. oblivious: not aware of what is happening 359. underscore: to emphasise the importance
around you something
324. sullen: silent and unpleasant; depressed; 360. enfeeble: to make someone or something very
gloomy weak
325. imperative: 1) extremely important or urgent 361. disdain: dislike of someone or something that
2) something that needs to be done immediately one feels does not deserve respect
326. reminisce: to talk about the past with pleasure 362. flatter: to praise someone in order to please
327. tranquil: calm, quiet, and peaceful him or her
328. cleave: to cut or split into at least two parts 363. posterity: all future generations of people
329. reluctance: an unwillingness to do something 364. sustain: to strengthen or support; to keep
330. misgiving: a feeling of doubt, uncertainty, or alive
worry about a future event 365. sheer: 1) not mixed with anything else; pure or
331. sparse: small in number, often spread over a complete 2) very large
large area; scarce 366. assess: to judge the quality or importance of
332. progenitor: originator, creator, founder something
333. absurd: ridiculous or completely unreasonable 367. artisan: a person who does skilled work with
334. premise: an idea or theory on which a his or her hands
statement or action is based; an assumption 368. subtle: not loud, bright, noticeable, or obvious
335. scrutinise: to examine someone or something 369. repudiate: to refuse to accept something or
very carefully someone; to reject
336. supplemental: added to something else in 370. meander: to follow a route that is not straight
order to improve it or complete it or direct
337. poignant: causing a feeling of sadness 371. effectual: successful in producing the
338. obscure: not known to many people, difficult intended results
to understand 372. meagre: very small in amount or number
339. ancestral: belonging to or inherited from one’s 373. tedious: boring, slow, and tiring
ancestors 374. calibrate: to carefully measure or adjust
375. potent: powerful, persuasive, or effective
376. conducive: providing the right conditions for
something to happen or exist; to help bring about
377. reserved: tending to keep feelings or thoughts
private; quiet
378. medley: a mixture of different things
379. advocate: 1) to support an idea 2) a person
who publicly supports an idea
380. undulate: to move with a smooth wavelike
motion
381. magnitude: 1) the great size or importance of
something 2) the extent or degree of something
382. aggrandize: to make someone more powerful
or important
383. pummelled: to hit someone or something
repeatedly
384. timid: easily frightened; shy
385. bias: an unfair personal opinion that influences
your judgement
386. refine: to improve something by making small
changes
387. oscillate: to swing back and forth
388. esteem: respect and admiration for someone
389. displace: to force something or someone out
of its usual or original place
390. pulpit: a raised platform in a church from
which the preacher speaks
391. ingenious: clever, original, and inventive (in
reference to a person)
392. constitute: to be the parts that form
something
393. insatiable: impossible to satisfy
394. volition: the power to make one’s own
decisions
395. relish: to like or enjoy something
396. facilitate: to make (an action or process)
possible or easier
397. threshold: the level or point at which
something starts
398. reform: to make changes in something in
order to improve it
399. sneer: to make a facial expression that shows
disapproval or disrespect
400. profound: 1) intense, extreme 2) requiring
deep thought
Speculates - form a theory or conjecture Peripheral - relating to or situated on the
about a subject without firm evidence. edge or limits of something.
Impartial - treating all rivals or disputants Renounce - reject and stop using or
equally; fair and just. consuming.
Circumvents - find a way around (an Catastrophic - involving or causing
obstacle). sudden great damage or suffering.
Eclipses - an obscuring of the light from Elusive - difficult to find, catch, or achieve.
one celestial body by the passage of Abrupt - sudden and unexpected.
another between it and the observer or Imminent - about to happen.
between it and its source of illumination. Predetermined - established or decided in
Discernible - able to be discerned; advance.
perceptible. Latent - (of a quality or state) existing but
Inconclusive - not leading to a firm not yet developed or manifest; hidden or
conclusion; not ending doubt or dispute. concealed.
Unbiased - showing no prejudice for or Replicable - able to be copied or
against something; impartial. reproduced exactly.
Synchronisation - the operation or activity Waive - refrain from insisting on or using
of two or more things at the same time or (a right or claim).
rate. Refute - prove (a statement or theory) to
Hibernation - the condition or period of an be wrong or false; disprove.
animal or plant spending the winter in a Overshadowed - tower above and cast a
dormant state. shadow over.
Repudiates - refuse to accept or be Disorienting - causing a feeling of
associated with. confusion.
Foretells - predict (the future or a future Tenuous - very weak or slight.
event). Nuanced - characterised by subtle shades
Nonetheless - in spite of that; of meaning or expression.
nevertheless. Characterization - a description of the
Moreover - as a further matter; besides. distinctive nature or features of someone
Sceptical - not easily convinced; having or something.
doubts or reservations. Commercialization - the process of
Disconcerting - causing one to feel managing or running something principally
unsettled. Imperceptible - impossible to for financial gain.
perceive or notice. Collaborative - produced or conducted by
Substantial - of considerable importance, two or more parties working together.
size, or worth. Resilient - (of a person or animal) able to
Beneficially - in a favourable or withstand or recover quickly from difficult
advantageous way; so as to have a good conditions.
effect. Inadequate - lacking the quality or quantity
Interjected - say (something) abruptly, required; insufficient for a purpose.
especially as an aside or interruption. dynamic (of a process or system)
Prescribed - recommend (a substance or characterised by constant change, activity,
action) as something beneficial. or progress.
Prevail - prove more powerful than Invalidate - deprive because of
opposing forces; be victorious. contravention of a regulation or law.
Succumb - fail to resist pressure, Predatory - to make invalid especially : to
temptation, or some other negative force. weaken or destroy the cogency of
Diverge - (of a road, route, or line) Obscure - not discovered or known about;
separate from another route, especially a uncertain.
main one, and go in a different direction. Inexplicable - unable to be explained or
Innocuous - not harmful or offensive. accounted for.
Novel - new or unusual in an interesting Mystifying - utterly bewildering or
way. puzzling.
Impractical - (of an object or course of Infrequent - not occurring often; rare.
action) not adapted for use or action; not Ensured - make certain that (something)
sensible or realistic. shall occur or be the case.
Unobtrusive - not standing out or
attracting attention.
Implement - a tool, utensil, or other piece Infallible - incapable of making mistakes
of equipment, especially as used for a or being wrong.
particular purpose. Atypical - Not normal. Describes a state,
Presume - suppose that something is the condition, or behaviour that is unusual or
case on the basis of probability. different from what is considered normal.
Mimic - imitate (someone or their actions Lucrative - producing a great deal of
or words), profit.
especially in order to entertain or ridicule. Tedious - too long, slow, or dull; tiresome
Grapple - engage in a close fight or or monotonous.
struggle without weapons; wrestle. Validated - demonstrate or support the
Indecipherable - not able to be read or truth or value of.
understood. Proponent - a person who supports a
Ornamental - serving or intended as an theory, proposal, or project.
ornament; decorative. Annotate - add notes to (a text or
Obscure - not discovered or known about; diagram) giving explanation or comment.
uncertain. Buttress - a projecting support of stone or
Intricate - very complicated or detailed. brick built against a wall.
Contrived - created or arranged in a way Reciprocate - respond to (a gesture or
that seems artificial and unrealistic. action) by making a corresponding one.
Interchangeable - apparently identical; Disengage - separate or release
very similar. Paucity - small or insufficient (someone or something) from something
quantities or amounts; scarcity. to which they are attached or connected.
Verisimilitude - the appearance of being Indeed - used to introduce a further and
true or real. stronger or more surprising point.
Convey - make (an idea, impression, or Beneficiary - one who benefits from
feeling) known or understandable to something; a person who left money or
someone. other property in a will or the like
Depict - show or represent by a drawing, Advance - to move forward / can be used
painting, or other art form. like
Beneficially - in a favourable or Assert - to declare or state as truth,
advantageous way; so as to have a good maintain or defend
effect. Conjecture - an opinion or conclusion
Perceive - become aware or conscious of formed on the basis of incomplete
(something); come to realise or information
understand. Posit - to put forth; assert
Ambivalence - the state of having mixed Proffer - to present or offer / claim
feelings or contradictory ideas about Hypothesise - to reach a conclusion
something or someone. based on an assumption
Renunciation - the formal rejection of Bolster - support; prop up
something, typically a belief, claim, or Substantiate - (v.) to establish by
course of action. evidence, prove
Nevertheless - in spite of that; Concede - to admit as true; to yield,
notwithstanding; all the same. submit
Evaluate - form an idea of the amount, Scepticism - the idea that nothing can
number, or value of; assess. ever be known for certain
Reveal - make (previously unknown or Rebut - to offer arguments or evidence
secret information) known to others. that contradict an assertion; to refute
Consequently - as a result. Grapple with - to struggle with, to deal
Regardless - without paying attention to with
the present situation; despite the prevailing Mull over - think carefully about something
circumstances. over a period of time
Irregardless - without paying attention to Ruminate about - think deeply about
the present situation; despite the prevailing something
circumstances. same as regardless Converge - to come together
Conceptualise - form a concept or idea of Integrate - o bring together and make
(something). whole
Neglect - fail to care for properly. Intersect - to cut or pass through, to cross
Infer - to find out by reasoning; to arrive at Regenerate - to grow back
a conclusion on the basis of thought; to Replicate - to repeat, to copy, or to
hint, suggest duplicate
Surmise - to think or believe without Saturate - soak thoroughly
certain supporting evidence; to conjecture Simulation - an imitation of a possible
or guess; situation / realistic model
Attribute (n) - characteristic Stimulus - any event or situation that
Cite - to quote; to mention; to summon to evokes a response
appear in court; to commend, recommend Symbiosis - A relationship in which two
Multitude - a great number of things or different organisms live in close
people association with each other
Profusion - an abundance or large Taxonomy - the science of classifying
quantity of something organisms
Dearth - a lack, scarcity, inadequate Trait - specific characteristic of an
supply; a famine individual
Disparate - fundamentally different; vegetation plant life
entirely unlike Velocity - the speed of an object in a
Heterogeneous - different; dissimilar particular direction
Eclectic - selecting from or made up from Astronomy - the study of stars and
a variety of sources planets
Conspicuous - easily seen or noticed Botany - study of plants
Distinctive - clearly different from others Cognitive science - science of the brain
of the same kind Neuroscience - study of the nervous
Salient - most noticeable or important system / Brain
Benign - harmless Ecology - the study of the natural world
Inherent - existing as a natural part / Entomology - study of insects
inborn Epidemiology - science of genetics
Innate - inborn; natural Genetics - the study of heredity / genes
Intrinsic - belonging naturally; essential Geology - the study of earth and rocks
Advantageous - giving an advantage / Ornithology - study of birds
favourable Palaeontology - the study of fossils
Empirical - based on observation or Zoology - the study of animals
experiment Anthropology - the study of humans
Fauna - animal life Archaeology - the study of the past based
Hierarchy - a system or organisation in on what people left behind
which people or groups are ranked one Economics - the study of monetary
above the other according to status systems/money
or authority. Ethnography - the scientific description of
the customs of individual peoples and
Isotope - each of two or more forms of the cultures.
same element that contain equal numbers Folklore - the traditional beliefs, myths,
of protons but different numbers of tales, and practices of a people,
neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in transmitted orally.
relative atomic mass but not in chemical Sociology - the systematic study of
properties; in particular, a radioactive form human society
of an element. Adept - skilled; expert at
Indigenous - native Align - support or adopt the position of
Inhibit - to prevent, restrain, stop Authentic - genuine; true
Metabolism - the chemical processes that Centrality - essential, important
occur within a living organism in order to Complement - something that completes
maintain life. or makes perfect
Methodology - a system of methods used Comprehensive - thorough; complete
in a particular area of study or activity Contingent - dependent upon
Microbial - related to microbes or Confer - consult, compare views; bestow
microscopic organisms or give
Pigment - A chemical that produces colour Cultivate - prepare and use (land) for
Predisposed to - tending to behave in a crops or gardening; grow
particular way Elucidate - to make clear
Esteemed - highly regarded Critic/criticism - a person who writes
Invigorating - making one feel strong, commentary about literature or art. That
healthy, and full of energy commentary can be either positive or
Extant - still in existence negative.
Fervour - intense feeling; excitement Incentivize - provide (someone) with an
Innovative - showing creativity and incentive for doing something.
originality; new Immune, invulnerable - safe from harm;
Mirth - happiness and laughter protected
Mitigate - to make less severe Improvise - to do without preparation
Precocious - talented beyond one's age Incisive - sharply cutting; direct and
Prevail - to triumph over; to succeed; to powerful
exist widely, be in general use; to get Induce - to cause, bring about; to
someone to do something by urging persuade
Sovereignty - the supreme and absolute Infuse - to inject; to fill something or
authority within territorial boundaries; self someone with
governing Ingenious - clever; resourceful
Adversary - enemy, opponent Inimitable - unique, one of a kind
Bureaucracy - large, complex Invaluable - priceless
organisation composed of appointed Unqualified - without hesitation; complete
officials; negative and total
Conventional - in line with accepted ideas Afford - to be able to pay for / 2nd
or standards; trite; meaning: grant
Displace - to force to move or flee; to
move out of position Second Meaning
Disparity - a great difference; gap
Feign - to pretend, to fake
Arrest - 2nd meaning: to stop; to seize
Fruitful / fruitless - productive / Assume - to take for granted; 2nd
unproductive meaning: to take
Haphazard - by chance; not planned; responsibility for
lacking order, Austerity - severity; strictness / 2nd
careless meaning: reduce spending
Impede - to slow the progress of, prevent Badger - 2nd meaning: to pester, nag,
Impenetrable - impossible to understand annoy persistently
or access Bent - 2nd meaning: Personal inclination
Marginal - insignificant, unimportant or tendency
Rudimentary - basic, elementary trivial Capacity - 2nd meaning: ability
unimportant Chance - 2nd meaning: attempt
Acquisition - something received or Channel - 2nd meaning: to direct
purchased something toward a purpose
Constitute - to make up; be the parts of Check - 2nd meaning: to restrain or block
Corollary - something that follows; a Coin - 2nd meaning: to invent
natural consequence Compromise - 2nd meaning: to endanger
Contemporary - current, modern or make vulnerable
Contrive - to plan cleverly; to think up Constitution - 2nd meaning: build (A
Disposition - attitude or mood, personality football player has a solid constitution)
Ethics - moral values Conviction - 2nd meaning: certainty,
Epistemology - theory of knowledge determination
Ideology - a system of beliefs Couch - 2nd meaning: to hide
Lineage - direct descent from an ancestor; Discriminating - able to see differences
derivation Doctor - 2nd meaning: to tamper with,
Judicial - related to a court or judge. alter
Magnitude - the great size or importance Economy - 2nd meaning: thrift,
of something "economical" style of writing using few
Preliminary - introductory, preparatory words
Premeditated - considered beforehand, Embroider - 2nd meaning: falsify, make
deliberately planned up
Successor - person who inherits a title or Execute - 2nd meaning: to carry out
office
Exploit - 2nd meaning: to make use of, not
negative in this definition
Facility - 2nd meaning: ability to do
something easily
Foil - 2nd meaning: put a stop to
Grave/gravity - 2nd meaning: seriousness
Grill - 2nd meaning: question severely
(police officers grill a suspect)
Hamper - 2nd meaning: hinder; obstruct
Harbor - 2nd meaning: to possess, hold
Hobble - 2nd meaning: prevent, to hold
back the progress of something
Plastic - 2nd meaning: able to be
moulded, altered, or bent
Provoke - 2nd meaning: to elicit a reaction
Realise - 2nd meaning: to achieve (a goal)
Reconcile - 2nd meaning: to bring
together opposing or contradictory ideas
Relay - 2nd meaning: to pass on to
someone else (relay information)
Relate - 2nd meaning: to tell
Reservations - 2nd meaning: misgivings
or doubt
Reserve - 2nd meaning: to hold off on
(reserve judgement)
Ruffled - 2nd meaning: flustered,
nonplussed
Sap - 2nd meaning: to drain (of energy)
Scrap - 2nd meaning: to eliminate, get rid
of
Shelve/table - 2nd meaning: to reject or
discard (an idea)
Solvent - 2nd meaning: able to pay all
debts
Sound - 2nd meaning: firm, stable,
reliable, valid
Spare, severe - 2nd meaning: plain,
unadorned
Static - 2nd meaning: unchanging
Sustain - 2nd meaning: to withstand, to
resist
Uniform - 2nd meaning: constant; without
variety
Upset -2nd meaning: to interfere with an
expected outcome
 26. Calibrate: mark (a gauge or instrument)
DSAT VOCABULARY FOR
with a standard scale of readings.
EBRW 27. Callisthenics: gymnastic exercises to
achieve bodily fitness and grace of
movement.
1. Abject: extremely bad, unpleasant, or 28. Capacity: the maximum amount that
degrading. something can contain.
2. Abode: a place of residence; a house or 29. Celestial: positioned in or relating to the
home. sky, or outer space as observed in
3. Abstract: existing in thought or as an idea astronomy.
but not having a physical or concrete 30. Censure: express severe disapproval of
existence. (someone or something), typically in a
4. Adapt: make (something) suitable for a formal statement.
new use or purpose; modify. 31. Circulation: movement to and fro or
5. Admonition: a firm warning or reprimand. around something, especially that of fluid
6. Affluent: Having a great deal of money; in a closed system.
wealthy. 32. Coerce: persuade (an unwilling person) to
7. Agitate: make (someone) troubled or do something by using force or threats.
nervous. 33. Cognition: the mental action or process of
8. Aggrandize: increase the power, status, or acquiring knowledge and understanding
wealth of. through thought, experience, and the
9. Aggregate: formed or calculated by the senses.
combination of many separate items; total. 34. Colloquial: used in ordinary or familiar
10. Alternation: the action or process of conversation; not formal or literary.
alternating or being alternated. 35. Commercial: concerned with or engaged in
11. Amicable: characterised by friendliness commerce.
and absence of discord; friendly. 36. Complementary: combining in such a way
12. Analogous: comparable in certain as to enhance or emphasise the qualities
respects, typically in a way that makes of each other or another.
clearer the nature of the things compared. 37. Complimentary: expressing a compliment;
13. Analogy: a comparison between one thing praising or approving.
and another, typically for the purpose of 38. Conflate: combine (two or more texts,
explanation or clarification. ideas, etc.) into one.
14. Anomaly: something that deviates from 39. Conjure: make (something) appear
what is standard, normal, or expected. unexpectedly or seemingly from nowhere
15. Antipathy: a deep-seated feeling of dislike; as if by magic.
aversion. 40. Consensus: general agreement.
16. Apparition: a ghost or ghostlike image of a 41. Conservator: a person responsible for the
person. repair and preservation of works of art,
17. Arbitrary: based on random choice or buildings, or other things of cultural or
personal whim, rather than any reason or environmental interest.
system. 42. Constitution: a body of fundamental
18. Ascertain: find (something) out for certain; principles or established precedents
make sure of. according to which a state or other
19. Aspire: direct one's hopes or ambitions organisation is acknowledged to be
towards achieving something. governed.
20. Autocratic: relating to a ruler who has 43. Convoke: call together or summon (an
absolute power. assembly or meeting).
21. Automated: operated by largely automatic 44. Convulsion: a sudden, violent, irregular
equipment or processes. movement of a limb or of the body, caused
22. Beget: give rise to; bring about. by involuntary contraction of muscles and
23. Benevolent: Well meaning and kindly. associated especially with brain disorders.
24. Bestow: confer or present (an honour, 45. Dawdle: waste time; be slow.
right, or gift). 46. Decipher: convert (a text written in code, or
25. Biological: relating to biology or living a coded signal) into normal language.
organisms.
47. Deficient: not having enough of a specified 74. Entrenched: firmly established and difficult
quality or ingredient. or unlikely to change; ingrained.
48. Degrade: treat or regard (someone) with 75. Ephemeral: lasting for a very short time.
contempt or disrespect. 76. Evince: be evidence of; indicate.
49. Demur: raise objections or show 77. Expenditure: the action of spending funds.
reluctance. 78. Explanatory: serving to explain something.
50. Desolation: a state of complete emptiness 79. Extensive: covering or affecting a large
or destruction. area.
51. Despoil: steal or violently remove valuable 80. Feature: a distinctive attribute or aspect of
possessions from; plunder. something.
52. Deter: discourage (someone) from doing 81. Feeble: lacking physical strength,
something, typically by instilling doubt or especially as a result of age or illness.
fear of the consequences. 82. Fetter: a chain or manacle used to restrain
53. Disenfranchise: deprive (someone) of the a prisoner, typically placed around the
right to vote. ankles.
54. Dissimilar: not alike; different. 83. Finite: having limits or bounds.
55. Doctrine: a belief or set of beliefs held and 84. Fiscal: relating to government revenue,
taught by a church, political party, or other especially taxes.
group. 85. Florid: having a red or flushed complexion.
56. Doldrums: a state or period of stagnation 86. Former: having previously filled a
or depression. particular role or been a particular thing.
57. Domestic: relating to the running of a 87. Forum: a place, meeting, or medium where
home or to family relations. ideas and views on a particular issue can
58. Dominion: sovereignty or control. be exchanged.
59. Dubious: hesitating or doubting. 88. Frantic: wild or distraught with fear,
60. Earnest: resulting from or showing sincere anxiety, or other emotion.
and intense conviction. 89. Frequent: occurring or done on many
61. Eddy: a circular movement of water, occasions, in many cases, or in quick
counter to a main current, causing a small succession.
whirlpool. 90. Fundamental: forming a necessary base or
62. Effectual: successful in producing a core; of central importance.
desired or intended result; effective. 91. Germinate: begin
63. Efficacy: the ability to produce a desired or 92. Glom: to grab onto something eagerly or
intended result. aggressively.
64. Efficient: achieving maximum productivity 93. Glut: an excessively abundant supply of
with minimum wasted effort or expense. something.
65. Embellish: make (something) more 94. Grievance: a real or imagined wrong or
attractive by the addition of decorative other cause for complaint or protest,
details or features. especially unfair treatment.
66. Emit: produce and discharge (something, 95. Haggie: there's no definition available for
especially gas or radiation). this word, it might be a typo or a specific
67. Empathise: understand and share the term not commonly used.
feelings of another. 96. Ignominious: deserving or causing public
68. Endearing: inspiring love or affection. disgrace or shame.
69. Endeavour: try hard to do or achieve 97. Illegible: not clear enough to be read.
something. 98. Immured: enclosed or imprisoned within
70. Endow: provide with a quality, ability, or walls.
asset. 99. Impel: drive, force, or urge (someone) to
71. Enhance: intensify, increase, or further do something.
improve the quality, value, or extent of. 100.Inapplicable: not relevant or appropriate to
72. Enterprise: a project or undertaking, the subject.
typically one that is difficult or requires 101.Incomprehensible: not able to be
effort. understood; not intelligible.
73. Entice: attract or tempt by offering 102.Incontestable: not able to be disputed or
pleasure or advantage. questioned; indisputable.
103.Incorporate: take in or contain (something) 131.Manipulate: handle or control (a tool,
as part of a whole; include. mechanism, etc.), typically in a skillful
104.Incredulous: unwilling or unable to believe manner.
something. 132.Mantra: a statement or slogan repeated
105.Indifference: lack of interest, concern, or frequently.
sympathy. 133.Marginalize: treat (a person, group, or
106.Indistinguishable: Not able to be identified concept) as insignificant or peripheral.
as different or distinct. 134.Meander: Wander at random.
107.Ineffective: not producing any significant 135.Mechanisation: the process of changing
or desired effect. from working largely or exclusively by hand
108.Inefficacious: not producing the desired or with animals to doing that work with
effect; ineffective. machinery.
109.Inexplorable: not able to be explored or 136.Meddle: interfere in or busy oneself unduly
investigated. with something that is not one's concern.
110.Ingenious: clever, original, and inventive. 137.Metastasize: (Of a cancer) spread to other
111.Innumerable: too many to be counted; sites in the body by metastasis.
countless. 138.Mire: a stretch of swampy or boggy
112.Institution: a society or organisation ground.
founded for a religious, educational, social, 139.Monotony: lack of variety and interest;
or similar purpose. tedious repetition and routine.
113.Insurrection: a violent uprising against an 140.Motivation: the reason or reasons one has
authority or government. for acting or behaving in a particular way.
114.Integrate: combine (one thing) with 141.Mundane: lacking interest or excitement;
another so that they become a whole. dull.
115.Intend: have (a course of action) as one's 142.Mystify: to utterly bewilder or perplex
purpose or objective; plan. (someone).
116.Intermittent: occurring at irregular 143.Net: remaining after expenses or other
intervals; not continuous or steady. factors have been deducted from revenue.
117.Intuitive: using or based on what one feels 144.Notation: a series or system of written
to be true even without conscious symbols used to represent numbers,
reasoning; instinctive. amounts, or elements in something such
118.Insolent: showing a rude and arrogant lack as music or mathematics.
of respect. 145.Nuance: a subtle difference in or shade of
119.Intolerable: unbearable; too severe or meaning, expression, or sound.
extreme to be endured. 146.Null: having no legal or binding force;
120.Invasive: tending to spread very quickly invalid.
and undesirable or harmful 147.Obliterate: destroy utterly; wipe out.
121.Inversion: the action of inverting 148.Obstinate: stubbornly refusing to change
something or the state of being inverted. one's opinion or chosen course of action,
122.Irk: irritate or annoy. despite attempts to persuade one to do so.
123.Labyrinth: a complicated irregular network 149.Oscillate: move or swing back and forth at
of passages or paths in which it is difficult a regular speed.
to find one's way; a maze. 150.Onerous: involving an amount of effort and
124.Laden: heavily loaded or weighed down. difficulty that is oppressively burdensome.
125.Latter: situated or occurring nearer to the 151.Panacea: a solution or remedy for all
end of something than to the beginning. difficulties or diseases.
126.Liaison: communication or cooperation 152.Parasitic: of, relating to, or characteristic
that facilitates a close working relationship of parasites.
between people or organisations. 153.Parity: the state or condition of being
127.Magnitude: the great size or extent of equal, especially regarding status or pay.
something. 154.Paradox: a statement or proposition that,
128.Malice: the intention or desire to do evil; ill despite sound (or apparently sound)
will. reasoning from acceptable premises,
129.Malign: evil in nature or effect; malevolent. leads to a conclusion that seems
130.Manifest: clear or obvious to the eye or senseless, logically unacceptable, or
mind. self-contradictory.
155.Partake: join in (an activity). 179.Rapacious: aggressively greedy or
156.Paternal: of or appropriate to a father. grasping.
157.Permeate: spread throughout (something); 180.Receptive: willing to consider or accept
pervade. new suggestions and ideas.
158.Permutation: a way, especially one of 181.Redress: remedy or compensation for a
several possible variations, in which a set wrong or grievance.
or number of things can be ordered or 182.Reluctant: unwilling and hesitant;
arranged. disinclined.
159.Perpetual: never ending or changing. 183.Remonstrate: make a forcefully
160.Perspective: a particular attitude toward or reproachful protest.
way of regarding something; a point of 184.Repression: the action of subduing
view. someone or something by force.
161.Perturb: make (someone) anxious or 185.Reverence: deep respect for someone or
unsettled. something.
162.Pervading: spreading widely throughout an 186.Rhetoric: the art of effective or persuasive
area or a group of people. speaking or writing.
163.Phenomena: a fact or situation that is 187.Sanction: a threatened penalty for
observed to exist or happen, especially one disobeying a law or rule.
whose cause or explanation is in question. 188.Scuttling: run hurriedly or furtively with
164.Pittance: a very small or inadequate short quick steps.
amount of money paid to someone as an 189.Seamless: smoothly continuous or
allowance or wage. uniform in quality; without any visible gaps
165.Plasticity: the quality of being easily or joins.
shaped or moulded. 190.Sentiment: a view of or attitude toward a
166.Plenipotentiary: a person, especially a situation or event; an opinion.
diplomat, invested with the full power of 191.Sentinel: a soldier or guard whose job is to
independent action on behalf of their stand and keep watch.
government, typically in a foreign country. 192.Sequence: a particular order in which
167.Posterity: all future generations of people. related events, movements, or things
168.Postulate: suggest or assume the follow each other.
existence, fact, or truth of (something) as a 193.Shingled: covered with or consisting of
basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief. shingles (small, thin pieces of building
169.Potent: having great power, influence, or material).
effect. 194.Sceptic: a person inclined to question or
170.Prattle: talk at length in a foolish or doubt accepted opinions.
inconsequential way. 195.Sluggish: slow-moving or inactive.
171.Predecessor: a person who held a job or 196.Squalid: extremely dirty and unpleasant,
office before the current holder. especially as a result of poverty or neglect.
172.Preposterous: contrary to reason or 197.Squelch: crush or squash (something soft
common sense; utterly absurd or or moist).
ridiculous. 198.Stagnate: cease to flow or move; become
173.Primitive: relating to, denoting, or stagnant.
preserving the character of an early stage 199.Stewardship: the job of supervising or
in the evolutionary or historical taking care of something, such as an
development of something. organisation or property.
174.Pristine: in its original condition; 200.Stupefied: astonished and shocked;
unspoiled. stunned.
175.Proliferate: increase rapidly in numbers; 201.Subjugate: bring under domination or
multiply. control, especially by conquest.
176.Promulgate: promote or make widely 202.Subordinate: lower in rank or position.
known (an idea or cause). 203.Subsequent: coming after something in
177.Province: a principal administrative time; following.
division of certain countries or empires. 204.Substantial: of considerable importance,
178.Psychological: relating to the mental and size, or worth.
emotional state of a person. 205.Supplemental: added to something in
order to complete or enhance it.
206.Sustenance: means of livelihood. 221.Usurp: take (a position of power or
207.Swayed: Influence (a person or course of importance) illegally or by force.
action). 222.Validate: check or prove the validity or
208.Symmetric: made up of exactly similar accuracy of (something).
parts facing each other or around an axis; 223.Vantage: a place or position affording a
showing symmetry. good view of something.
209.Synthetic: made by chemical synthesis, 224.Verifiable: able to be checked or
especially to imitate a natural product. demonstrated to be true, accurate, or
210.Sullen: bad-tempered and sulky; gloomy. justified.
211.Tactile: Of or connected with the sense of 225.Vernacular: the language or dialect spoken
touch. by the ordinary people in a particular
212.Tout: attempt to sell (something), typically country or region.
by pestering people in an aggressive or 226.Versatile: able to adapt or be adapted to
bold manner. many different functions or activities.
213.Transaction: an instance of buying or 227.Vestigial: forming a very small remnant of
selling something; a business deal. something that was once much larger or
214.Transit: the carrying of people, goods, or more noticeable.
materials from one place to another. 228.Virtuous: having or showing high moral
215.Traipsing: walk or move wearily or standards.
reluctantly. 229.Wayside: the side of a road or path.
216.Tributary: a river or stream flowing into a 230.Yearning: a feeling of intense longing for
larger river or lake. something.
217.Unrequited: not returned or rewarded.
218.Unseemly: not proper or appropriate.
219.Unstinting: given or giving without
restraint; unsparing.
220.Unveil: remove a veil or covering from,
especially uncover (something new or
secret) for the first time.