Probability and Distributions

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Probability Distributions AI SL Assessment Name:________________________

1a.
Jae Hee plays a game involving a biased six-sided die.
The faces of the die are labelled −3, −1, 0, 1, 2 and 5.
The score for the game, X, is the number which lands face up after the die is rolled.
The following table shows the probability distribution for X.

Find the exact value of 𝑝.

1b.
Jae Hee plays the game once.
Calculate the expected score and the variance of the score.
1c.
Jae Hee plays the game twice and adds the two scores together.
Find the probability Jae Hee has a total score of −3.

2.
A polygraph test is used to determine whether people are telling the truth or not, but it is
not completely accurate. When a person tells the truth, they have a 20% chance of failing
the test.
10 people take a polygraph test and they all tell the truth.

2a. Explain if this scenario is an appropriate model for a Binomial distribution or not:
2b. Calculate the expected number of people who will pass this polygraph test.

2c.
Calculate the probability that exactly 4 people will fail this polygraph test.

2d.
Determine the probability that fewer than 7 people will pass this polygraph test.
3a.
A factory produces bags of sugar with a labelled weight of 500 g. The weights of the
bags are normally distributed with a mean of 500 g and a standard deviation of 3 g.
Write down the percentage of bags that weigh more than 508 g.

3b.
A bag that weighs less than 495 g is rejected by the factory for being underweight.
Find the probability that a randomly chosen bag is rejected for being underweight.

3c.
A bag that weighs more than 𝑘 grams is rejected by the factory for being overweight. The
factory rejects 2% of bags for being overweight.
Find the value of 𝑘 that would be the amount of grams for rejection.
4a.
The masses of Fuji apples are normally distributed with a mean of 163 g and a
standard deviation of 6.83 g.
When Fuji apples are picked, they are classified as small, medium, large or extra
large depending on their mass. Large apples have a mass of between 172 g and 183 g.
Determine the probability that a Fuji apple selected at random will be a large apple.

4b.
Approximately 68% of Fuji apples have a mass within the medium-sized category, which
is between 𝑘 and 172 g.
Find the value of 𝑘.
5. Mr. Yates and his tennis serve have quite a relationship. After months of playing, I
have observed my probability of serving my first serve in is 59%. When Mr. Butler
and Mr. Yates play a doubles match, Mr. Yates serves a total of 20 times. Using those
20 serves as our number of trials, explore the following:

i. How many serves can I expect to have in if I serve it 20 times:

ii. What is the probability of getting 12 first serves in?

iii. What is the probability of getting none of my first 20 serves in?

iv. What is the probability of getting at least half of my first serves in?
6. The average number of hours of sleep a student at graded gets a night is 7.5 hours
with a standard deviation of 2.5 hours.

i. Complete the Normal Model below

ii. Using your model, explain and interpret the empirical rule for the amount of
hours students are sleeping.

iii. In between what amount of hours would the number of hours a student sleep be
the middle 90% of all students.
7.

7a.
If a student now decides to play the game 6 times, what is the probability of winning
positive money exactly 4 times out of the 6 spins.

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