Extremist Leaders.

Extremist Leaders
1)Lala Lajpat Rai

⮚ Lala Lajpat Rai(28 January 1865 – 17 November 1928) was one of
the greatest freedom fighters of India.
⮚ He was also called ‘Punjab Kesari’ and 'Lion of Punjab'. ⮚ He Was
influenced by Swami Dayananda Saraswati and joined the Arya
Samaj in Lahore.
⮚ He believed that the ideals in Hinduism combined with nationalism
will lead to the establishment of a secular state ⮚ He joined the
Indian National Congress (INC) and participated in many political
agitations in Punjab.
⮚ For his political agitation, he was deported to Burma without trial
in 1907 but returned after a few months because of lack of evidence.
⮚ He was opposed to the partition of Bengal.
⮚ He founded the Home Rule League of America in 1917 in New
York. In the US, he worked to get moral support for the Indian
independence movement from the international community.
⮚ He was also elected President of the All India Trade Union
Congress.
⮚ He supported the non-cooperation movement of Gandhi at the
Nagpur session of the Congress in 1920.
⮚ He protested against the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh
massacre that followed.

⮚ He was elected deputy leader of the Central Legislative
Assembly in 1926.
⮚ In 1928, he moved a resolution in the assembly refusing
cooperation with the Simon Commission since the Commission
had no Indian members.
⮚ He was also involved with the Hindu Mahasabha ⮚ He founded
Hindu Relief movement in 1897 to provide help to the famine
-stricken people and thus prevent them falling into the clutches of
the missionaries.
⮚ He founded the Servants of People Society in 1921 ⮚ He was
the editor of the Arya Gazette, which he had founded. ⮚ He
co-founded the Punjab National Bank in 1894 ⮚ Lala Lajpat Rai
wrote Unhappy India book. He said,” A man
without a soul is a mere animal. A nation without a soul is only
a dumb driven cattle“
⮚ He also wrote biographies of Mazzini, Garibaldi, Shivaji, and
Shrikrishna
⮚ Some important books written by Lala Lajpat Rai are The Story
of My Deportation, The United States of America: A Hindu’s
Impression, Arya Samaj, Unhappy India, Young India
⮚ In 1928, he was leading a silent protest against the Simon
Commission in Lahore when he was brutally lathi-charged by
Superintendent of Police, James Scott. He died of injuries
sustained a few weeks later
2) Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak(1856-1920) ⮚ He was
born on 1856 in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra.
⮚ He was Freedom fighter and lawyer
A)Educationist:
⮚ Founder of the Deccan Education Society (1884) along with his
associate Gopal Ganesh Agarkar and others.
⮚ One of the founders of the Fergusson College (1885) in Pune
through the Deccan Education Society.
B) Ideology:
⮚ He was a devout Hindu and used Hindu scriptures to rouse people
to fight oppression.
⮚ Stressed on the need for self-rule and believed that without self
rule or swarajya, no progress was possible.
⮚ Slogan: “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it!” ⮚ A book
‘Indian Unrest’ written by Valentine Chirol, an English journalist,
stated Tilak the ‘father of Indian unrest’. ⮚ Emphasised the
importance of a cultural and religious revival to go with the political
movements.
⮚ Popularised the Ganesh Chaturthi festival in the Maharashtra
region.
⮚ Propounded the celebration of Shiv Jayanti on the birth
anniversary of the monarch Chhatrapati Shivaji.
C) Political Life:
⮚ He was one of the earliest and the most vocal proponents of
complete independence or swarajya (self-rule).
⮚ Along with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal, he was part of
the Lal-Bal-Pal trio of leaders with extremist outlooks. ⮚ Joined the
Indian National Congress (INC) in 1890. ⮚ During late 1896, a
Bubonic plague spread from Bombay to Pune, and by January
1897, it reached epidemic proportions. British troops were
brought in to deal with the emergency and harsh measures were
employed including forced entry into private houses, examination
of occupants, evacuation to hospitals and segregation camps,
removing and destroying personal possessions, and preventing
patients from entering or leaving the city. Tilak took up this issue
by publishing inflammatory articles in his paper Kesari (Kesari was
written in Marathi, and Maratha was written in English), quoting
the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad Gita, to say that no blame
could be attached to anyone who killed an oppressor without any
thought of reward.
⮚ Following this, on 22 June 1897, Commissioner Rand and
another British officer, Lt. Ayerst were shot and killed by the
Chapekar brothers. He was sentenced for 18 months
imprisonment for supporting Chaplekar Brothers
4
D) Contribution to Freedom Movement:
⮚ Propagated swadeshi movements and encouraged people to
boycott foreign goods.
⮚ All India Home Rule League: Founded by Tilak in April 1916 at
Belgaum.
⮚ It worked in Maharashtra (except Bombay), the Central
Provinces, Karnataka and Berar.
⮚ Jail: Between 1908 and 1914, he spent 6 years in Mandalay
Prison for defending the actions of revolutionaries Khudiram
Bose and Prafulla Chaki.
⮚ Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki had tried to assassinate the
District Judge, Mr. Kingsford by throwing bombs at the carriage
in which he was supposed to travel.
⮚ Newspapers: Weeklies Kesari (Marathi) and Mahratta (English)
E)Books: Gita Rhasya and Arctic Home of the Vedas. ⮚ Death: He
died on 1st August 1920
3) Aurobindo Ghosh
⮚ Aurobindo Ghose(1872-1950), was an Indian nationalist,
philosopher, yogi, guru, and poet.
⮚ He entered the University of Cambridge, where he became
proficient in two classical and several modern European
languages
5
⮚ In 1892, he held various administrative posts in Baroda
(Vadodara) and Calcutta (Kolkata)
⮚ From 1902 to 1910 he partook in the struggle to free India from
the British
⮚ Indian nationalism was given a spiritual orientation by
Aurobindo
⮚ He attended Congress sessions and at the same time, helped
establish the Anushilan Samiti of Calcutta in 1902. ⮚ Aurbindo
Ghosh wrote pamphlet,“New Lamps For The Old” which is
considered as Bible of Extremism in which he described Congress
being out of touch with proletariats.
⮚ He wrote a series of articles in Bangadarshan, the journal of
Bankim Chandra Chatarjee. He potrayed India as “Mother” and
appealed to the emotional aspect of Indian Nationalism.
⮚ He founded An English newspaper called Bande Mataram (in
1905)
⮚ As a result of his political activities, he was imprisoned in 1908
(Alipore Bomb case)
⮚ Two years later he fled British India and found refuge in the
French colony of Pondichéry (Puducherry), where he devoted
himself for the rest of his life to the development of his
“integral yoga”
⮚ He founded there Sri Aurobindo Ashram in 1926 ⮚ He also
wrote few books like Bhagavad Gita and Its Message, The
6
Future Evolution of Man, “Rebirth and Karma”, “Savitri: A Legend
and a Symbol”
4) Bipin Chandra Pal

⮚ BC Pal (1858-1932) known as the ‘Father of Revolutionary
Thoughts in India’ was born in present-day Bangladesh. ⮚ Along with
Lajpat Rai and Tilak, he preached an extremist form of nationalism
that espoused revolutionary methods like boycotting British goods
and shops, burning western clothes, and advocating strikes and
lockouts of British factories. This trio was called ‘Lal-Bal-Pal’.
⮚ He was a brilliant orator and writer. He was also a journalist who
used this platform to spread his message of patriotism and
nationalism. He edited the journals ‘The Democrat’ and ‘The
Independent’.
⮚ He also started many newspapers and magazines such as
‘Paridarsak’, ‘New India’ and ‘Swaraj’
⮚ Some of the books he authored are ‘Indian Nationalism’, ‘Swaraj
and the Present Situation’, ‘Nationality and Empire’ , ‘The Soul of
India’
5) V O Chidambaram Pillai
⮚ Chidambaram Pillai (1872–1936), or, V.O.C. also known as 7
Kappalottiya Tamilan was a Tamil political leader.

⮚ He was a disciple of Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
⮚ He launched the first indigenous Indian shipping service
between Tuticorin and Colombo with the Swadeshi Steam
Navigation Company, competing against British ships.
⮚ He established many institutions like Swadeshi Prachar Sabha,
Dharmasanga Nesavu Salai
⮚ VOC and Siva were aided in their efforts by a number of
Tirunelveli-based lawyers, who formed an organisation called
the Swadeshi Sangam, or ‘National Volunteers’.
⮚ The nationalist movement acquired a secondary character with
the beginning of the Tuticorin Coral Mills strike (1908). ⮚ At one
time a member of the Indian National Congress, he was later
charged with sedition by the British government and sentenced to
life imprisonment; his barrister license was stripped.

Extremist Leaders.

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Extremist Leaders.

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Extremist Leaders

1)Lala Lajpat Rai

massacre that followed.

4) Bipin Chandra Pal

Kappalottiya Tamilan was a Tamil political leader.

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