Basic Functions:

1. SUM: Adds up a range of cells.

o Example: =SUM(A1:A10)

2. AVERAGE: Calculates the average of a range of cells.

o Example: =AVERAGE(A1:A10)

3. MIN: Returns the smallest value in a range of cells.

o Example: =MIN(A1:A10)

4. MAX: Returns the largest value in a range of cells.

o Example: =MAX(A1:A10)

5. COUNT: Counts the number of cells in a range that contain

numbers.

o Example: =COUNT(A1:A10)

6. IF: Performs a conditional operation based on a specified condition.

o Example: =IF(A1 > 10, "Yes", "No")

Text Functions:

1. CONCATENATE: Joins multiple text strings into one.

o Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)

2. LEFT, RIGHT, MID: Extracts characters from a text string.

o Example: =LEFT(A1, 5) extracts the leftmost 5 characters from

cell A1.

3. LEN: Returns the length of a text string.

o Example: =LEN(A1)

4. TRIM: Removes leading and trailing spaces from text.

o Example: =TRIM(A1)

Date and Time Functions:

1. TODAY: Returns the current date.

o Example: =TODAY()

2. DATE: Creates a date from year, month, and day values.

o Example: =DATE(2024, 7, 24)

 3. DATEDIF: Calculates the difference between two dates in various
units (days, months, years).

o Example: =DATEDIF(A1, B1, "d")

4. EOMONTH: Returns the last day of the month before or after a

specified number of months.

o Example: =EOMONTH(A1, 3)

Statistical Functions:

1. STDEV: Calculates the standard deviation based on a sample of

numbers.

o Example: =STDEV(A1:A10)

2. VAR: Estimates the variance based on a sample of numbers.

o Example: =VAR(A1:A10)

3. CORREL: Calculates the correlation coefficient between two data

sets.

o Example: =CORREL(A1:A10, B1:B10)

Lookup and Reference Functions:

1. VLOOKUP: Searches for a value in the first column of a table and

returns a value in the same row from another column.

o Example: =VLOOKUP(A1, Table1, 2, FALSE)

2. HLOOKUP: Searches for a value in the first row of a table and

returns a value in the same column from another row.

o Example: =HLOOKUP(A1, Table1, 2, FALSE)

3. INDEX: Returns the value of a cell in a specified row and column of

a table or range.

o Example: =INDEX(Table1, 3, 2)

4. MATCH: Searches for a specified value in a range and returns the

relative position of that item.

o Example: =MATCH(A1, Table1, 0)

Logical Functions:

1. IF: Checks whether a condition is met, and returns one value if true
and another if false.

o Example: =IF(A1 > 10, "Yes", "No")

 2. AND, OR: Checks multiple conditions and returns true if all
conditions are met (AND) or if any condition is met (OR).

o Example: =AND(A1 > 5, B1 < 10)

Financial Functions:

1. PMT: Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant

payments and a constant interest rate.

o Example: =PMT(0.05/12, 5*12, -25000)

2. PV: Returns the present value of an investment based on a series of

periodic cash flows and a discount rate.

o Example: =PV(0.1, 5, -2000)

Engineering Functions:

1. FV: Calculates the future value of an investment based on a series

of periodic cash flows and a constant interest rate.

o Example: =FV(0.05, 10, -100, -1000)

2. NPV: Calculates the net present value of an investment based on a

series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate.

o Example: =NPV(0.1, A1:A5)

Navigation Shortcuts:

 Ctrl + Arrow Keys: Move to the edge of the current data region
(left, right, up, down).

 Ctrl + Home: Move to the beginning of the worksheet.

 Ctrl + End: Move to the last cell of the data region.

 Ctrl + Page Up / Page Down: Move between worksheet tabs.

 Ctrl + G: Go to a specific cell or range.

 Ctrl + Backspace: Move to the active cell's precedent cell.

 Ctrl + F6: Switch between multiple Excel workbooks.

Selection Shortcuts:

 Shift + Arrow Keys: Extend the selection by one cell.

 Ctrl + Shift + Arrow Keys: Extend the selection to the edge of the
current data region.
  Ctrl + Space: Select the entire column.

 Shift + Space: Select the entire row.

 Ctrl + A: Select the entire worksheet.

Editing Shortcuts:

 Ctrl + C: Copy the selected cells.

 Ctrl + X: Cut the selected cells.

 Ctrl + V: Paste copied or cut cells.

 Ctrl + Z: Undo the last action.

 Ctrl + Y: Redo the last undone action.

 F2: Edit the active cell.

 Ctrl + D: Fill down from the cell above.

 Ctrl + R: Fill right from the cell to the left.

 **Ctrl + -: Delete the selected column or row.

 Ctrl + Shift + +: Insert a new column or row.

 Ctrl + ': Copy the value from the cell above the active cell into the
cell or the formula bar.

Formatting Shortcuts:

 Ctrl + B: Apply or remove bold formatting.

 Ctrl + I: Apply or remove italic formatting.

 Ctrl + U: Apply or remove underline formatting.

 Ctrl + 1: Open the Format Cells dialog box.

 Alt + H + B: Apply a bottom border to the selected cell(s).

 Alt + H + F + C: Format cells dialog box.

1. Math and Trigonometry:

 SUM: Adds all the numbers in a range of cells.

 AVERAGE: Calculates the average of a range of cells.

 MIN: Returns the smallest value in a range of cells.

 MAX: Returns the largest value in a range of cells.

 COUNT: Counts the number of cells that contain numbers.

 COUNTA: Counts the number of cells that are not empty.

 COUNTIF: Counts the number of cells that meet a criterion.

 SUMIF: Adds the cells specified by a given condition.

 SUMIFS: Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria.

 AVERAGEIF: Returns the average of cells that meet a single

condition.

 AVERAGEIFS: Returns the average of cells that meet multiple

criteria.

 ROUND: Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.

 RAND: Returns a random number between 0 and 1.

 RANDBETWEEN: Returns a random number between two specified

numbers.

 TRUNC: Truncates a number to an integer.

 ABS: Returns the absolute value of a number.

 SQRT: Returns the square root of a number.

 POWER: Returns the result of a number raised to a power.

 MOD: Returns the remainder of a division operation.

 CEILING: Rounds a number up, to the nearest multiple of

significance.

 FLOOR: Rounds a number down, to the nearest multiple of

significance.

 PI: Returns the value of pi, π (3.14159265358979).

 EXP: Returns e raised to the power of a given number.

 LOG: Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base.

 LN: Returns the natural logarithm of a number.

 DEGREES: Converts radians to degrees.

 RADIANS: Converts degrees to radians.

 SIN, COS, TAN: Returns the sine, cosine, or tangent of an angle.

 ASIN, ACOS, ATAN: Returns the inverse sine, cosine, or tangent of

a number.
2. Text Functions:

 CONCATENATE: Joins two or more text strings into one string.

 LEFT, RIGHT, MID: Extracts characters from a text string.

 LEN: Returns the length of a text string.

 LOWER, UPPER: Converts text to lowercase or uppercase.

 PROPER: Capitalizes the first letter of each word in a text string.

 TRIM: Removes spaces from text.

 SUBSTITUTE: Substitutes new text for old text in a text string.

 FIND: Finds one text string within another (case-sensitive).

 SEARCH: Finds one text string within another (not case-sensitive).

 TEXT: Formats a number and converts it to text.

 VALUE: Converts a text argument to a number.

 REPLACE: Replaces characters within text.

 REPT: Repeats text a given number of times.

3. Date and Time Functions:

 TODAY: Returns the current date.

 NOW: Returns the current date and time.

 DATE: Returns the serial number of a specified date.

 TIME: Returns the serial number of a specified time.

 YEAR, MONTH, DAY: Returns the year, month, or day of a date.

 HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND: Returns the hour, minute, or second of

a time.

 DATEDIF: Calculates the difference between two dates.

 EOMONTH: Returns the last day of the month.

4. Logical Functions:

 IF: Returns one value if a condition is true and another value if false.

 AND, OR: Returns true if all arguments are true (AND), or if any
argument is true (OR).

 NOT: Reverses the logical value of its argument.

  IFERROR: Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an
error; otherwise, it returns the result of the formula.

5. Lookup and Reference Functions:

 VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP: Searches for a value in a range and returns

a value in the same row (VLOOKUP) or column (HLOOKUP).

 INDEX: Returns the value of a cell in a specific row and column of a

range.

 MATCH: Searches for a specified value in a range and returns the

relative position of that item.

 OFFSET: Returns a reference offset from a starting cell with a

specified number of rows and columns.

6. Statistical Functions:

 STDEV, STDEVP: Estimates the standard deviation based on a

sample (STDEV) or population (STDEVP).

 VAR, VARP: Estimates the variance based on a sample (VAR) or

population (VARP).

 CORREL: Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets.

 COVAR: Returns the covariance, the average of the products of

deviations for each data point pair in two data sets.

7. Financial Functions:

 PMT: Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant

payments and a constant interest rate.

 PV: Returns the present value of an investment based on a series of

periodic cash flows and a discount rate.

 FV: Calculates the future value of an investment based on a series

of periodic cash flows and a constant interest rate.

 NPV: Calculates the net present value of an investment based on a

series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate.

 IRR: Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows.

 RATE: Calculates the interest rate per period of an annuity.

 NPER: Returns the number of periods for an investment based on

periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate.

8. Engineering Functions:
 DEGREES, RADIANS: Converts angles from degrees to radians or
radians to degrees.

 CONVERT: Converts a number from one measurement system to

another.

 IMAGINARY, IMREAL: Returns the imaginary or real coefficient of a

complex number.

 BIN2DEC, BIN2HEX, BIN2OCT: Converts binary numbers to

decimal, hexadecimal, or octal.

 DEC2BIN, DEC2HEX, DEC2OCT: Converts decimal numbers to

binary, hexadecimal, or octal.

 HEX2BIN, HEX2DEC, HEX2OCT: Converts hexadecimal numbers

to binary, decimal, or octal.

 OCT2BIN, OCT2DEC, OCT2HEX: Converts octal numbers to binary,

decimal, or hexadecimal.