Class Notes

RYAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SHARJAH
ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-25

CLASS NOTES
Class IX
Subject SOCIAL SCIENCE
Topic: PEOPLE AS RESOURCE
Learning Objective:
 To identify the role of people as a resource.
 To classify economics into market and non-market activities.
 Assess the importance of education and health in human capital formation.
 To analyse how people can be as asset or liability for the nation.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:
1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?
 People can make the best use of nature to create more resources when they have the
knowledge, skill and technology to do so.
 ‘People as a resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their

existing productive skills and abilities.
 Any production of goods and services requires the presence of the four factors of
production, namely land, labour, physical capital and human capital.
 Population becomes an asset instead of a liability when investments are made in the form
of education, training and medical care.
2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Human resources make use of other resources like land and physical capital to produce output.
The other resources cannot become useful on their own. This is the reason why human resource
is considered to be superior to other resources.
3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?
 Human capital refers to the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in a
population. Proper education and training enable the formation of this human capital.
 An educated population is an asset, a resource. In contrast to the uneducated and

untrained, educated individuals make efficient use of the available resources and
opportunities. Education and skills are the major determinants of the earning of any
individual in the market.
 Education enhances the quantity and quality of individual productivity, which in turn
adds to the growth of the economy. Aware of the benefits of education, educated people
help in its perpetuation.
 The advantages of an educated population spread to even those who themselves are not
educated. Hence, educated people benefit the society as a whole. Thus, education plays
the role of a catalyst in transforming a human being into a positive asset and a precious
national resource.
4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Ans: Human capital refers to the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in a
population.
This skill and productive knowledge is provided with the help of proper education and training.
However, the benefits of education alone do not lead to the creation of human capital.
A human population which is educated but unhealthy cannot realise its potential.
An unhealthy population is a liability, and not an asset. Hence, health is an indispensable basis
for realising one’s wellbeing.
5. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and
tertiary sector?
Primary sector- comprises activities related to the extraction and production of natural
resources. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining and
quarrying are the activities undertaken in this sector.
Secondary sector- comprises activities related to the processing of natural resources.

Manufacturing is included in this sector.
Tertiary sector - comprises activities that provide support to the primary and secondary sectors
through various services. Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism,
insurance, etc., are examples of tertiary activities.
6. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Activities that add value to the national income are called economic activities. These have two
parts − market activities (production for pay or profit) and non-market activities (production for
self-consumption).
Non-economic activities are the ones that do not add to the national income; for example, an
individual performing domestic chores.
7. Why are women employed in low paid work?
 Education and skills are the major determinants of the earnings of any individual in the
market. Due to gender discrimination, women are generally denied the education and the
necessary skills to become worthy contributors to the national income.
 As a result, a majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation. This is
one of the reasons why they get paid less than men. Also, the perpetuation of gender
prejudices such as “a woman cannot do as much physical work as a man” put women at a
disadvantage.
8. How will you explain the term unemployment?
Unemployment is a situation in which people who are able and willing to work at the going
wages cannot find jobs.
An individual is considered unemployed if he or she is part of the workforce of a country, and is

capable and willing to work for payment, but is unable to do so.
9. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Ans: Disguised unemployment- it is the situation in which an individual appears to be

employed, but he does not add to the productivity. That is, the productivity would remain the
same even in his absence.
E.g. When a work that requires only three for its completion is being done by five persons, the
two additional persons are disguised unemployed.
Seasonal unemployment – It is the situation in which an individual is not able to find a job
during certain months of the year.
E.g., Agricultural labourers find work only during the busy seasons, i.e., sowing, harvesting,
weeding, and threshing. This is because of the seasonal character of agriculture in India.
10.Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the
educated unemployed?
Measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed:
(a) Make education at the secondary level more career-oriented, which would endow individuals
with not only education but also the requisite skills for gaining successful employment.
(b) Create a sort of screening process whereby each individual chooses subjects that suit his or
her abilities.
(c) The introduction of newer subjects and fields of study at the school level should be
accompanied by a growth of job opportunities in the sectors that would employ the students
electing to study such subjects.
11. What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Ans: The role of education in human capital formation is as follows-
 The educated people earn more than the uneducated people.
 Literate population is an asset to an economy.
 It leads to higher productivity.
 It opens new avenues for a person.
 It provides new aspirations and develops values of life.
 It contributes to the growth of society.
 It enhances the national income, cultural richness and the efficiency of the governance.

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RYAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SHARJAH

ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-25

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?

 ‘People as a resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their

3. What is the role of education in human capital formation?

 An educated population is an asset, a resource. In contrast to the uneducated and

4. What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Secondary sector- comprises activities related to the processing of natural resources.

6. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?

7. Why are women employed in low paid work?

8. How will you explain the term unemployment?

An individual is considered unemployed if he or she is part of the workforce of a country, and is

9. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

Ans: Disguised unemployment- it is the situation in which an individual appears to be

11. What is the role of education in human capital formation?

Ans: The role of education in human capital formation is as follows-

 The educated people earn more than the uneducated people.

 Literate population is an asset to an economy.

 It leads to higher productivity.

 It opens new avenues for a person.

 It provides new aspirations and develops values of life.

 It contributes to the growth of society.

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