AMOEBA PROTEUS

Classification
Phylum : Protozoa
Class : Rhiizopoda
Order : Amoebida
Type : Amoeba proteus

1. Amoeba proteus is microscopic unicellular freshwater protozoans.

2. It generally lives in ponds, lakes, ditches, and slow running streams, often found in
shallow water on the underside of aquatic vegetation.
3. They feed on particulate organic matter, bacteria, algae, protozoans and rotifer etc.
4. Amoeba has irregular shape body with finger like pseudopodia.
5. The pseudopodia are used for locomotion
6. The cytoplasm is distinguished into ectoplasm and endoplasm.
7. The endoplasm contains a nucleus, a contractile vacuole and few food vacuoles.
8. The reproduction is by binary and multiple fission.
9. Reproduction is by sexual as well as asexual methods.
 PARAMOECIUM - ENTIRE

Classification
Phylum : Protozoa
Class : Ciliata
Order : Holotricha
Type : Paramoecium caudatum

1. It has slipper shaped body, with a bluntly round, anterior end and a pointed
posterior ends. Hence it is called slipper animal cule.
2. It is freshwater animal, abundantly found in ponds, ditches, pools, streams and
Lake etc.
3. It feeds on bacteria and minute protozoans, algae, diatoms, etc (Holozoic
Nutrition).
4. It can be easily cultured in hay infusion in laboratory.
The body is covered by thin elastic membrane called pellicle it bears hair like
structure called cilia. The cilia are equal but they are longer at the posterior ends.
5. The endoplasm contains a kidney shaped macronucleus and a small micronucleus,
two contractile vacuoles with radiating canals at both the end and food vacuole.
6. Oral apparatus with oral grooves, buccal cavity, cytosome and cytopharnyx is
present on the ventral side.
7. The reproduction is by binary fission & conjugation
8. Liner to the pellicle there is Trichocyst
9. The cytoplasam is differentiated into ectoplasm and endoplasm
 SPONGILLA

Classification

Phylum: Porifera
Class : Desmospongiae
Order : Haplosclerida
Type : SpongillaLLacustris

1. It is the most common freshwater sponge, found in ponds, lakes and slow stream,
growing on submerged sticks and plants.
2. It is found all over the world.
3. It feeds on particles of organic matter, bacteria and protozoa
4. The body is irregular shape and size, colonial and branched
5. The body wall consists of very thin dermal membrane.
6. It is perforated with dermal pores called Ostia
7. The skeleton consists of siliceous spicules
8. The pores open outside through the osculum
9. The green shade of spongilla is due to symbiotic algal association.
10. It has a simple canal system
 PHYSALIA

Classification
Phylum : Coelentrata
Class : Hydrozoa
Order : Siphonophora
Type : Physalia

1. It is a marine free-floating, pelagic colony and voracious carnivores.

2. On the dorsal surface there is a large crested float or pneumatophore.
3. From the underside of pneumatophore there is large dactylozooids with long
fishing tentacles
4. Small dactylozooids are the large nematocyst bearing dactylozooid.
5. The dactylozooids are the nutritive zooid
6. Another thickened zooids, which are digestive zooid called gastrozooid
7. Te reproduction is with the help of gonozooid
8. The pneumatophore is used for floating.
9. It is the polymorphic cology.
 SEA ANEMONE

Classification
Phylum: Coelenterata
Class : Anthozoa
Order : Hexacorallia
Type : Matredium marginatum

1. It is most abundant and known off ashore animals.

2. It is marine, solitary and remains attached to a variety of substratum including
rocks, logs, shells, sandy and muddy beds at low water marks.
3. It is carnivorous which commonly feeds on molluscan, crustaceans and other
invertebrates.
4. The body is short, cylindrical, flower like and divided into oral discs and pedal
discs.
5. The oral disc is flattened and crowned with whorls of hollow tentacles.
6. The oral disc is surrounded by 10-13 tentacles.
7. The mouth is flowed by actionopharynx.
8. The column is cylindrical with pedal disc or base for firm attachment to
substratum.
9. Mouth is in the form of a slit and opens into the gastrovascular cavity.
10. There are six pairs of mesenteries divided the gastrovascular cavity.
11. The gametogenic tissues are present in the cavity
 PLANARIA

Classification
Phylum: Plathyhelminthes
Class : Turbellaria
Order : Tricladida
Type : Dugesia tigrina

1. It is free living animal which is common in streams, lake and in the bottom of
ponds;
2. It is cosmopolitan in distribution
3. It is carnivorous animal
4. It is elongated, dorsoventrally flattened and bilaterally symmetrical animal.
5. The body is small, thin, highly flattened, elongated leaf like.
6. The body wall is slimy and somewhat transparent.
7. The triangular head with two ear like auricles and two eyes with multicellular
retina and pigmented cups.
8. The eyes are surrounded by a ganglion which is followed by lateral nerve cords
with segmental ganglia.
9. The gastrovascular cavity is starting from the mouth and ends with anus.
10. Ventrally situated mouth encircled by proboscis pore.
11. The pharynx is everted out from for food collection.
 TAENIA SOLIUM (Tape worm)

Classification
Phylum: Plathyhelminthes
Class : Cestoda
Order : Taeniodea
Type : Taenia solium

1. It is also called Tape Worm

2. It is found as an endoparasite in the gut of vertebrate host.
3. Man is the primary host and pig is its secondary host.
4. Scolex lies buried in the intestinal mucosa.
5. It lives in the muscle of pig during the Cystecercus stage.
6. It has ribbon like body.
7. The body is differentiated into scolex, neck and a large number of immature,
mature and gravid segments.
8. The adhesive scolex contains four suckers and round rostellum crowned with
double row of hooks.
9. The mature segments contain fully developed hermaphroditic genital organs.
10. The mature segments and the gravid segments are called proglottids
 ASCARIS MALE

Classification
Phylum : Nematoda
Class : Phasmida
Order : Ascaridida
Type : Ascaris lumbricioides

1. It is also known as Round worm

2. It is an endoparasite found in the intestine of man and pig
3. It is cosmopolitan in distribution found in all parts of the world
4. The body is round, elongated and cylindrical.
5. It has unsegmented body, tapering on both ends with distinct lateral lines on both
sides of the body.
6. The sexual dimorphism is well distinct
7. The male is smaller in size, having curved posterior end.
8. Male genital aperture and anus open into cloaca.
9. A pair of penial setae projects out of the genital aperture.
10. Te penial setae are called copulatory spicules
11. It is used to transfer gametes to the female genital pore during copulation
 ASCARIS FEMALE

Classification
Phylum : Nematoda
Class : Secernenta
Order : Ascaridida
Type : Ascaris lumbricioides
1. It is otherwise called round worm
2. It is an endoparasite found in the intestine of man and pig
3. It is cosmopolitan is distribution found in all parts of the world.
4. The body is round, elongated, and cylindrical.
5. It has unsegmentedbody tapering on both ends with distinct lateral lines on both
sides of the body.
6. Sexual dimorphism is well distinct
7. Female is larger than the male and the tail end is straight and pointed.
8. Amphids are found on the head.
9. Female gonopore lies at a distance of about anterior one-third of the body length.
10. Cloaca and penial setae are absent.
11. The male transfer the gametes through the genital pore during copulation.
 NEREIS

Classification
Phylum: Annaelida
Class : Polychaeta
Order : Phylodocida
Type : Nereis

1. Nereis is a marine cosmopolitan polychaetes.

2. It lives in burrows, hidden under stones or sea weeds.
3. They are free living, predaceous, nocturnal, carnivorous, often found buried in the
intertidal zone.
4. It feeds on small insects, mollucs and worms.
5. The body is elongated, cylindrical, flattened and metamerically segmented and
linearly arranged.
6. Metamerism is a condition of having similar segments and sequential organs are
also present
7. It has well-developed head with prostonium and peristomium.
8. Prostomium is not a true segment it bears a pair of tentacles, palps and eyes.
9. Peristomium is the first segment of its body it has four pairs of peristonial cirri.
10. The mouth is situated in between the Prostomium and peristomium
11. Each segment is provided with a pair of parapodia, except head and last segment.
12. Setae and parapodia are similar in structure and function
13. The anal segment contains a pair of and cirri.
 LEECH

Classification
Phylum : Annelida
Class : Hirudinea
Order : Gnathoboellida
Type : Hirudo Granulosa

1. It is also called as Indian cattle leech

2. It is found in fresh water ponds, lake, swamps and slow streams.
3. It is sanguivorous animal which suck blood from fishes, frogs and alsofrom the
domestic animals which use the water in which leeches are present.
4. It is distributed in tropical region.
5. It has soft, vermiform, elongated, dorso-ventrally flattened body
6. The skin is moist and slimy.
7. It has dorsally olive green and ventrally orange red in colour.
8. It is well-developed anterior and posterior suckers.
9. The body is divided into thirty three body segments and each segment is
superficially divided into five annuli.
10. The head is at the anterior end and anus at the posterior side.
11. Posterior to the anus there is a broad sucker to fix in the substratum.
12. A temporary clitellum is formed during breeding season.
 MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII (Freshwater Prawn)

Classification
Phylum : Arthropoda
Class : Crustacea
Order : Decapoda
Type : Macrobrachium rosenbergii
1. It is a freshwater, bottom dweller; nocturnal in habit; feeds on small animals and
detritus
2. It migrates to brackish water during breeding
3. This species lives in tropical freshwater environments influenced by adjacent
brackish water areas.
4. It is often found in extremely turbid conditions.
5. Gravid females migrate downstream into estuaries, where eggs are hatched as
free-swimming larvae in brackish water.
6. Larvae mostly consume zooplankton (mainly minute crustaceans), very small
worms, and larval stages of other crustaceans.
7. Postlarvae and adults are omnivorous, feeds on algae, aquatic plants, molluscs,
aquatic insects, worms, and other crustaceans.
8. Males can reach total length of 320 mm and females 250 mm.
9. Body is usually greenish to brownish grey, sometimes more bluish, darker in
larger specimens. Antennae are often blue in colour and the chelipeds are blue or
orange.
10. Rostrum is long, normally reaching beyond antennal scale, slender and somewhat
sigmoid; distal part is curved and somewhat upward. There are 11-14 dorsal and 8-
10 ventral teeth.
11. Eyes are stalked, except in first larval stage.
12. Thorax contains three pairs of maxillipeds, used as mouthparts, and five pairs of
paraeopods (true legs). First two pairs of paraeopods are chelate; each pair of
chelipeds equal in size.
 SCORPION

Classification
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class : Arachnida
Order : Scorpion
Type : Buthus tumulus

1. It lives in terrestrial habitat and nocturnal in habit.

2. It is found in sand, crevices, cracks, under wood, stone and loose bark.
3. It is carnivorous which feeds on insects, spiders and other small animals.
4. The body is elongated which is differentiated into Prosoma and Opisthosoma.
5. The opisthosoma is further differentiated into an anterior mesoma and posterior
narrow metasoma.
6. Prosoma bears a pair of small chelate legs called Chelicerae and a pair of large
chelate pedipalps which consists of pincers
7. The prosoma also consists of four pairs of walking legs.
8. The prosoma is covered by carapace
9. The mesosoma is broader than the metasoma.
10. The mesosoma consists of seven segments and the metasoma consists of six
segments.
11. The last metasomatic segment is telson containing a sting.
12. Scorpions are the oldest known terrestrial arthropods.
13. It is viviparous, which is giving birth to young ones.
 CHITON

Classification
Phylum: Mollusca
Class : Polyplacophora
Order : Chitonida
Type : Chiton

1. It is a marine molluscs.
2. It is sluggish and slow moving animals.
3. It is found in the intertidal zone attached to rocks, empty shells, corals and under
stones.
4. It is nocturnal in habit and feeds on algae and diatoms
5. Cosmopolitan in distribution.
6. The body elliptical and dorso- ventrally flattened.
7. Their shell values are laterally covered by girdle partly.
8. The eyes and tentacles are absent.
9. There are several pairs of bipectinate ctenidia present on either side of mantle
groove.
10. Eight articulated shell plates are present on the mantle dorsally
11. The ventral muscular foot is flat and elongated.
 PILA GLOBOSA

Classification
Phylum: Mollusca
Class : Gastropoda
Order : Mesogastropoda
Type : Pila Globosa
1. It is commonly known as Apple snail
2. It lives in fresh water and abundant in ponds, pools, tanks, lakes, marshes, paddy
fields and in water having succulent vegetation.
3. It is herbivorous which feeds on aquatic plant like Vallisneria, Pistia etc;
4. It remains dormant during prolonged drought.
5. It is amphibious (lives in water and land).
6. It is common in India U.S.A and Europe.
7. The body is covered by thick globular univalve shell comprising of whorl and
apex.
8. The body whorl is large and wider and the whorl above is called penultimate
whorl
9. The shell is spirally coiled around the axis called columella and the surface of the
shell is marked by lines of growth.
10. The line between the whorls are called sutures
11. The head and the foot are present at the same region
12. There is a wide shell aperture covered by operculum.
 FRESHWATER MUSSEL

Classification
Phylum : Mollusca
Class : Pelecypoda
Order : Eulamellibranchia
Type : Lamellidens marginalis

1. It lives in freshwater and found in muddy bottom of ponds, lakes, and streams.
2. It is a filter feeder and feeds on microscopic organism;
3. It is commonly found in India, Europe and USA.
4. It has unsegmented body, flattened from side to side.
5. The body is completely enclosed in equal, dark brown, bivalve shells.
6. The two valves are united together along the dorsal side by a straight hinge- line
ligament.
7. At the aboral side the mantle lobes produce the inhalent and exhalent siphons side
by side.
8. The foot is large, muscular and tongue-shaped.
9. The adductor muscles are of same sizes which are used to open and close the shell
valves.
10. The lines of growth are distinct and is formed by the conchiolin
 SEPIA

Classification Phylum : Mollusca

Class : Cephalopoda
Order : Decapoda
Type : Sepia
1. Sepia otherwise known as cuttle fish
2. It is a marine cephalopod found in the shallow waters and is worldwide in
distribution.
3. The body is elongated, bilaterally symmetrical and differentiated into head and
trunk.
4. The posterior part of foot forms a funnel below the head and anteriorly is
modified into ten arms surrounding the mouth.
5. Of the ten arms eight are short and stout bearing four longitudinal rows of
suckers on the inner flat side. The other two arms are long and known as
tentacles bear suckers only towards their free ends.
6. The suckers are small and sessile.
7. The trunk is completely enclosed in mantle which is produced into a pair of
lateral fins extending along its entire length. These are separated distally by a
median notch.
8. The shell is internal, thick and formed of calcium carbonate. The shell is
present in the shell sac.
9. Ink gland produces black cloud in the surrounding water which helps the
animal to escape from the enemy.
10. A pair of large plume-like ctenidia is present one on either side of the mantle
cavity.
11. In male left tentacle is hectocotylized and is used during copulation.
 ASTERIAS RUBENS (Star Fish)

Classification:
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class : Asteroidea
Order : Forcipulata or Cryptozonea
Type : Asterias rubens
1. It is commonly known as star fish or sea star
2. Star-fishes are found crawling on rocky sea bottoms in shallow water.
3. The body is star-shaped, consisting of a central disc with five radiating arms.
4. The bases of arms are broad and not marked off from the central disc.
5. The oral surface is directed downward and the aboral surface of the disc is directed
upward.
6. The mouth is pentagonal present in the centre of oral surface of the disc.
7. There are five ambulacral grooves radiate from five corners of the mouth and
extend to the tips of arms.
8. It has four rows of tube feet: two rows along either margin of ambulcral groove.
9. Tube feet have terminal sucker and help in locomotion.
10. It has 2 or 3 rows of ambulacral spines border each ambulacral groove.
11. The aboral surface bears large number of short, stout spines arranged in irregular
rows.
12. Dermal branchiae or papillae are scattered among the spines.
13. Madreporite is situated on the aboral surface between the bases of the two arms.
14. The anus is present on the aboral surface, present in the centre of the disc.
15. Pedicellariae are small and scattered all over the body among spines.
16. Starfish feeds voraciously upon molluscs and causes great damage to pearl
industry.
17. It possesses great power of regeneration.