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Carbonation – the process involving the formation of various types of carbonates in rocks.

Rainwater that contains CO2 contain Carbonic acid that passes thru permeable limestones
resulting the enlargement of it and removal of time that holds the particles together.
Hydration –
Result of the absorption combination of water and particular substance on the rock leading to the
change in shape.
Solution – process in which some of the minerals in the rocks are directly dissolve in water.
Water continues to weaken, deform broke and disintegrate rocks.

Wind erosion –
- Happens when winds carry large amounts of fine soil particles and sand away from a region
- Spreading it over adjoining cultivated land and destroying their fertility.
Sheet Erosion –
- The removal of thin layers of the soil because of surface run off and rain.
- If left unattended, there will be elimination of nutrients due to removal of the topsoil resulting to
unusable land.
Rill Erosion –
- The removal of soil by the action of concentrated running water that creates a cm- deep tiny
channels(rills) which carry water during storms.
Gully Erosion –
- The removal of the soil in water channels or drainage lines.
- The gullies gradually multiply and spread over a wide area that will then be called badlands/
ravine.
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