CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION

4.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the findings of a survey that looked at problem of waste management on
building site and it effect on project delivery. The findings presented in this chapter support the
earlier conclusions drawn in the preceding chapters. The researcher offers 15 tables that address
every study question in chapter one and are examined using straightforward percentages.
4.1 Demographic information

The demographic profile of the study's respondents is displayed using frequency and percentage
notation. The, gender, age, and job role of the are the main demographic factors in this study.

Table 4.1.1: Gender of Respondents

SECTION A: Demographic Information

Gender Frequency Percentage (%)

Male 60 60%
Female 40 40%
Total 100 100%
The survey respondents consisted of 60 males (60%) and 40 females (40%), totaling 100 respondents.

Table 4.1.2: Age of Respondents

Age Range Frequency Percentage (%)

18-25 25 25%
26-35 35 35%
36-45 25 25%
46 and above 15 15%
Total 100 100%

The age distribution of respondents shows a diverse range: 25 (25%) are between 18-25 years old, 35
(35%) are between 26-35 years old, 25 (25%) are between 36-45 years old, and 15 (15%) are 46 years old
or above.
Table 4.1.3: Job Role of Respondents

Job Role Frequency Percentage (%)

Site Engineer 30 30%
Architect 25 25%
Labourer 35 35%
Other 10 10%
Total 100 100%
Respondents' job roles comprised: 30 (30%) Site Engineers, 25 (25%) Architects, 35 (35%) Labourers,
and 10 (10%) Others.

4.2 TABLE PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

1. What are the problems of waste management on building sites?

Table 4.2.1: Challenges of Waste Management on Construction Sites

Response Frequency Percentage (%)

Yes 70 70%
No 30 30%
Total 100 100%

Respondents identified challenges of waste management on construction sites, with 70 (70%) affirming
the presence of challenges and 30 (30%) indicating no challenges.

Table 4.2.2: Common Causes of Waste on Building Sites

Causes Frequency Percentage (%)

Poor planning 35 35%
Lack of recycling options 20 20%
Inefficient material usage 30 30%
Other 15 15%
Total 100 100%
Respondents identified the common causes of waste on building sites as: poor planning (35%), inefficient
material usage (30%), lack of recycling options (20%), and other factors (15%).

2. What effect does waste management have on project delivery?

Table 4.2.3: Impact of Improper Waste Management on Project Deadlines

Impact Level Frequency Percentage (%)

Very significantly 40 40%
Moderately 30 30%
Slightly 20 20%
Not at all 10 10%
Total 100 100%

Respondents assessed the impact of improper waste management on project deadlines, reporting: 40
(40%) very significant, 30 (30%) moderate, 20 (20%) slight, and 10 (10%) no impact.

Table 4.2.4: Additional Costs Due to Waste Management Problems

Cost Impact Frequency Percentage (%)

High 45 45%
Medium 30 30%
Low 20 20%
None 5 5%
Total 100 100%

A significant majority (75%) of respondents incur additional costs due to waste management issues, with
45% experiencing high cost impacts and 30% medium. Only 5% report no additional costs, suggesting
effective waste management strategies. The remaining 20% face low-cost implications.

Table 4.2.5: Delays in Project Delivery Due to Waste Accumulation

 Response Frequency Percentage (%)
Yes 60 60%
No 40 40%
Total 100 100%

A majority (60%) of respondents experienced delays in project delivery due to waste accumulation,
indicating a significant impact on project timelines. Conversely, 40% did not encounter such delays,
potentially due to effective waste management strategies or contingency planning

Table 4.2.6. What are the ways in which solid waste on building sites can be minimized?

Response Frequency Percentage (%)

Strongly agree 50 50%
Agree 30 30%
Disagree 15 15%
Strongly disagree 5 5%
Total 100 100%

A majority (60%) of respondents experienced delays in project delivery due to waste accumulation,
indicating a significant impact on project timelines. Conversely, 40% did not encounter such delays,
potentially due to effective waste management strategies or contingency planning

Table 4.2.7 Most Effective Strategy to Minimize Waste

Strategy Frequency Percentage (%)

 Better material estimation 40 40%
On-site recycling 30 30%
Employee training 20 20%
Modern construction 10 10%
Total 100 100%

Respondents prioritize better material estimation (40%) and on-site recycling (30%) as key strategies to
minimize waste, highlighting the importance of planning and waste reduction. Employee training (20%)
and modern construction techniques (10%) are also recognized as valuable approaches.

Table 4.2.8: Waste Minimization Strategies on Site

Response Frequency Percentage (%)

Yes 65 65%
No 35 35%
Total 100 100%

Significant proportion (65%) of respondents adopt waste minimization strategies, indicating a growing
commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility. However, a substantial minority (35%) do
not employ such strategies.

4. How can we overcome the problem of waste management on construction sites?

Table 4.2.9 Impact of More Regulations on Waste Management\

Response Frequency Percentage (%)

Strongly agree 55 55%
Agree 25 25%
Disagree 15 15%
Strongly disagree 5 5%
Total 100 100%
A clear majority (80%) of respondents believe more regulations would positively impact waste
management, with 55% strongly agreeing and 25% agreeing. Conversely, 20% hold opposing views, with
15% disagreeing and 5% strongly disagreeing.

Table 4.2.10: Effectiveness of Training Construction Workers on Waste Management

Response Frequency Percentage (%)

Yes 70 70%
No 30 30%
Total 100 100%
Respondents assessed the effectiveness of training construction workers on waste management: 70%
yes, 30% no.

Table 4.2.11: Most Important Factor in Overcoming Waste Management Issues

Factor Frequency Percentage (%)

Strict enforcement of laws 40 40%
Availability of disposal facilities 30 30%
Education on environmental
20 20%
impact
Better project management 10 10%
Total 100 100%

Respondents identified the most important factors in overcoming waste management issues: strict
enforcement of laws (40%), availability of disposal facilities (30%), education on environmental impact
(20%), and better project management (10%).

4.3 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

1. What Are the Problems of Waste Management on Building Sites?

The study’s findings indicate that waste management poses significant issues on construction
sites, with 70% of respondents acknowledging these challenges. Major problems include poor
planning (35%), inefficient material usage (30%), and lack of recycling options (20%). These
findings highlight how insufficient planning and resource mismanagement lead to waste
accumulation, impacting site operations. The insights also suggest that construction sites often
lack structured waste disposal systems, leading to an excess of material waste and site
inefficiencies.

2. What Effect Does Waste Management Have on Project Delivery?

The data reveal that improper waste management can have a notable impact on project timelines
and costs. A significant proportion of respondents (40%) stated that waste-related issues delay
project timelines "very significantly," with an additional 30% indicating moderate delays.
Furthermore, waste management challenges impose financial burdens, as 75% of respondents
reported additional costs due to waste, with 45% identifying these as high-cost impacts. These
findings underscore that unmanaged waste not only slows project progress but also increases
expenses, potentially straining project resources and affecting overall delivery.

3. What Are the Ways in Which Solid Waste on Building Sites Can Be Minimized?
Respondents suggested several effective waste minimization strategies, including better material
estimation (40%), on-site recycling (30%), and employee training (20%). A strong majority
(50%) also endorsed recycling as a primary waste reduction approach. These findings indicate
that precise material planning and workforce education can greatly reduce waste levels on
building sites. The fact that 65% of respondents already practice waste minimization strategies
points to a growing commitment to sustainable construction, though improvements in recycling
and training are still essential for better outcomes.

4. How Can We Overcome the Problem of Waste Management on Construction Sites?

The findings emphasize that both regulatory measures and training programs are seen as
effective ways to tackle waste management challenges. A large portion of respondents (80%)
supported more stringent regulations, with 55% strongly agreeing on the need for regulatory
intervention. Additionally, 70% endorsed the effectiveness of worker training on waste
management practices. Respondents also cited the importance of strict law enforcement (40%),
available disposal facilities (30%), and environmental education (20%) as crucial for improving
waste management. These insights suggest that a combination of enforcement, accessibility to
disposal options, and educating construction workers could significantly alleviate waste
management issues on-site.