Errors and Seven Flavors of Context

Errors and Seven Flavors of
Context
Samia Arshad
Computer Science Department
Errors
Humans make frequent errors
Design for error prevention
2 Types of errors:
A. Slips
B. Mistake
User Error - Slips
User Error – Mistake
Slips Mistakes
Usually subconscious Usually Conscious
Often by experts Often By beginners
Avoided by feedback Corrected by new

knowledge
Type of Slips
Doing the Forgetting to

wrong things do the right
things
Types of slips
Capture slips
● A capture error is a frequently done activity that takes over (captures) the intended action.
● a person may inadvertently perform one action while intending to do another.
e.g. counting nos after playing cards
Description Similarity slips
● A description error is when the correct action is carried out on the wrong object.
● Description similarity slips occur when an action is taken upon an item that is similar to the one
you intended.
e.g.milk pack while preparing coffee
Memory lapse slips:
when your memory fails

e.g. leaving for work lights on
Type of Mistakes
Rule-Based: Correctly access the
state of the world but makes the
wrong decision based on it .
wrong knowledge,mismatch with
the past.
e.g. toyota new model car engine
Knowledge-Based:
When user incorrectly access the
state of the world at 1st place
.
no knowledge,novel situation
e.g. no idea of fixing engine.
Error Prevention
Exercise
Using Excel to make data available for
SQL-queries.
You installed a SQL server but forgot to
give it privileges to pass data through
firewall
Design with Context
Context refers to the physical, digital, and
social structures that surround the point of
use of any system application.
Its valuable in drafting product strategy,
choosing which devices to support,
planning your communications, and more.
Desktop context
Desktop context: point of use is uniform
and familiar. User is static and free to
concentrate.
Mobile Context
Mobile context: point of use is not uniform
or familiar.
Seven Flavors of the Context
Following seven flavors of context cover all
the important facets about different types
of contextual information you might spot,
and what your findings may mean for your
design.
DETAILS
Device Context
Device context: A device’s form and
capabilities will shape a user’s approach.
which device would be best suited for our
app.
Device Context
Questions to ask
⚫What devices will this product be used on?
⚫How about in a year’s time? Three? Five?
⚫What can those devices do? What can’t they do?
⚫What sort of interactions do these devices suit?
⚫Are there unique device capabilities we can use
to our advantage?
⚫How does our site work on devices that don’t
have those capabilities?
⚫Are there device capabilities that might make life
more difficult? How can we mitigate their
impacts?
Environmental Context
Environmental context: The physical
environment around an interaction
Questions to ask
⚫Will the site be used indoors or outdoors?
⚫Should weather conditions affect my
design?
⚫What environmental information sources
are relevant to the interaction?
⚫Will a user understand why, and how, my
system is adapting to the environment?
⚫How can I make my product feel natural
within its environment?
Time Context
Time context: Time of use is often
linked to the user’s environment, location,
and activity.
Time Context
Questions to ask
⚫Are there particular times of day that
our app is best suited for?
⚫What else is happening then?
⚫How long will the user be interacting
with our site for?
⚫How often?
⚫How can our design fit those patterns of
use?
Activity Context
Activity context: What do users want
to do, anyway?
Activity Context
Questions to ask
⚫Do users have simple tasks to fulfil, or a
more complex network of activities?
⚫Are these activities or tasks digital, or
do they support real-world activities?
⚫Does the current activity have a physical
component? How can we support that?
⚫Are the interactions likely to be lean-
forward, lean-back, or both?
Location Context
Location context: Location of usage
Questions to ask
⚫Do users have location-specific needs?
⚫Will access to the user’s location improve
the service my app can offer?
⚫How can I best communicate why a user
should grant location access?
⚫Can I present location information in a
more human-friendly format than long/lat?
⚫How can I be sure my location assumptions
are accurate?
Individual Context
Individual context: The abilities and limitations
of the human body
Questions to ask
⚫Can we use any stated preferences to tailor the
system to an individual user?
⚫Is it appropriate to let users explicitly state
preferences for this interaction?
⚫What sort of emotional connection will users
have with our site, and the devices they access it
from?
⚫What mental attitudes do users bring to the
interaction?
Social Context
Social context: who else is nearby to the user.
Questions to ask
⚫Will the app be used in solo, private contexts, or
in public?
⚫Are there ways to reduce any risk of
embarrassment or public discomfort for the user?
⚫Who else is involved in this activity other than
the end user?
⚫Is there benefit in asking the user to authorise
my app with their social networks?
⚫Does my app protect the user’s sensitive
information with sufficient care?
Context Design Principles
⚫Context is multi-faceted
⚫Don’t penalize people for their context
⚫Assume gently
⚫Allow adoptability
⚫Revisit your decisions
Conclusion
⚫Conceptual Model
⚫Overall picture
⚫Why conceptual model
⚫Seven flavors of Contextual design
⚫Context design principles
⚫https://uxmag.com/articles/the-secret-to-
designing-an-intuitive-user-experience
⚫https://www.cennydd.com/writing/designi
ng-with-context

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Errors and Seven Flavors of

Design for error prevention

Usually subconscious Usually Conscious

Often by experts Often By beginners

Avoided by feedback Corrected by new

Doing the Forgetting to

e.g. counting nos after playing cards

Description Similarity slips

e.g.milk pack while preparing coffee

Memory lapse slips:

when your memory fails

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