INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

ON
Stereopticon

Name :- Aditi Jani

Class :- 11

Roll No :- 1

School :- Podar International School, Gandhinagar

 Podar International School ,
Gandhinagar

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Aditi Jani a student of class XII,

has successfully completed the research project on the

topic “ Stereopticon”, under the guidance of

Mr. Tushar Khakhi References taken in making this project

have been declared at the end of the report.

Principal Teacher In-charge External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I hereby acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude and

indebtedness to the Tushar sir whose immense help,

genius guidance, encouragement, necessary suggestions,

initiations, enthusiasm and inspiration made this work a

master art and a joint enterprise.

Mrs. Madhumita Bhattacharya :- (Principal)

Mr. Tushar Khakhi :- PGT

 INDEX
Sr.
Topic Pg no.
no

1 Invention of projector 5

2 Types of Projector 6
3 Projector and it’s working 7-9
Reason behind using projector in
4 10
place of TV

5 Procedure to make a projector 11

Difference between a homemade

6 12
projector and a real projector
Advantages & Disadvantages Of
7 13-16
Projectors

8 Uses of projector 17-18

9 Conclusion 20

10 Bibliography 21
 Invention of Projector

The first movie projector was the Zoopraxiscope and was

invented by the pioneering Bri�sh photographer Eadweard
Muybridge ;in 1879 to create mo�on picture , the Zoopraxiscope
rapidly projected images from rota�ng glass disks but it was the
Lumière brothers who invented the first really successful
projector based on the work of the French inventor Léon Bouly:
the cinematograph.

This was a film camera, projector and printer in one. At the Paris
Expo, films by the Lumière Brothers were projected onto a large
screen measuring 16 by 21 meters. These analog projectors
continued to evolve all the way into late 2000, where they were
gradually replaced by digital projectors. Digital projectors offer a
number of advantages over the traditional projectors . There
were also other kind of projectors which were developed at that
time like video projectors were basically developed for the
projec�on of prerecorded moving images, but are regularly used
for s�ll images in PowerPoint presenta�ons and can easily be
connected to a video camera for real-�me input.
 Types of Projectors

LED Projectors are easily connectable to devices like mobiles, laptops

and much more. They are equipped with LED light Projec�ons, that
make sure that the image or video projected is clear with high quality
resolu�ons. They are high quality projectors that use LED to project
images and stuff. They can be operated with a remote and have
improved LED lamp life.

Sui�ng their name, Mini Projectors are miniature, Portable Projectors

with a weight of approximately 30g. Their normal screen rate is 16:9
and can be used in Window OS, Mac OS and even Android 5.0. They
are the miniature versions of normal projectors, yet the features
never tend to miss the mark.

Available in HD, LED, LCD, and 4k resolu�ons too, Video Projectors are
one of the commonly bought projectors. They are used to display
videos in bright colours and high quali�es, streamed through WiFi , or
connected to devices through Bluetooth or USB .They are also
available in Laser modes, and are lightweight and portable.

Producing Projectors with excep�onal features and quality, Optoma

s�ll stays in the leading list of companies that produce the best
professional projectors. They are used comfortably in fields of
business and educa�on and even for domes�c entertainment
purposes.
 Projector and it’s working
A projector is an optical device that projects an image
onto a surface by shining light through a lens or laser.
This surface could be a wall, a white sheet, or,
preferably, a projection screen.

Working Principle of a projector

The projector's principle is completely linked to its structure,

thus we'll go over it in detail alongside the projector's
construction.
The projector's basic components are a light source, a
condenser system, and a plane mirror. The light from the
light source first passes through the projector's compressing
mechanism, which compresses the light and gives it on the
plane mirror, where it is reflected into parallel light and aligned
onto the screen, completing the projection function .

A condenser, an auxiliary condenser, a threaded lens, and a

glass all together makes up the projector's condenser system.
The threaded lens, is made out of two thin flat organic glass
plates with concentric circular threads carved on them. It can
be used as a large-diameter convex lens because of its
enormous diameter, lightweight, and strong light transmission.
However, it can only function at temperatures below 70°C.
When the temperature rises over this point, the projector will
distort and its life will be cut short. The auxiliary condenser ,
which is situated between the light source and the condenser,
helps to cool the threaded lens surface. The object-glass is
mounted on a threaded lens that can not only display but also
write the projection film.

The plane mirror's job is to convert vertical light from the light
source into horizontal light that may be projected on the screen.
The flat reflector is also crucial to the projector's overall
performance. The light released by the light source will be
reflected back to the light source after passing through the
spotlight if the projector is used without the flat reflector turned
on, which will boost the projector's brightness. The projector's
life is shortened by the temperature inside and on the surface
of the light source. When utilizing the projector, the plane mirror
must be turned on so that the light direction can be adjusted,
the image or video can be projected to the screen, and the
projector's purpose may be accomplished.

The projector also contains some significant electrical and

ventilation equipment, such as transformers and fans. The
transformer's job is to convert 220 V AC voltage from the mains
into 24 V AC voltage for projection light bulbs. The most
common projection bulbs are 24 V/300 W bromine tungsten
lamps. The temperature inside the machine rises during
operation, necessitating the use of a squirrel-cage fan to lower
the temperature and remove the considerable quantity of heat
generated during the projection lamp's operation. So that the
threaded lens and electrical components are not damaged.
 How to Use a Projector?

1. Place the projector 2 to 3 meters away from the screen,

turn off all switches, and then turn on the power; 2. Gently
open the mirror cover to the maximum angle;

3. Switch on the power switch. The light bulb should turn on

and the fan should rotate in typical circumstances.

4. Adjust the reflector, focus knob, and color edge

adjustment knob until the screen has a clear white bright
surface;

5. Turn off the projector after each usage, and don't leave it
on standby for too long.
 why is projector used in place of TV ?
A projector can take up no floor or wall space
A projector is smaller and can be simply placed on a shelf, occupying no
floor space at all and If you buy a retractable projector screen, you also
don’t have to sacrifice much wall space for projec�on either. Instead of
leaving a large wall blank for the projector to shine on, you can pull down
the so� screen over any wall art you may have.

It’s more portable

One big difference between a TV and a projector is that most projectors
can fit in a backpack. If you don’t feel like hos�ng movie night at your
place, you can bring the projector to a friends house and hook it up there.
Or take it outside and project on a blank wall for a backyard block party
movie night.

Value
Projectors are altogether reasonably priced. That isn’t to say,
however, that it’s impossible to find a very expensive projector, but
for what you get at the base level, the cost/benefit ra�o is quite good
compare to a T.V .

Better for eye sight

Screens like TVs produce eye-damaging direct blue light. A projector's
Indirect light – even its indirect blue light – is much gentler on the eyes.
Along with other safety features – which you can learn about below –
projectors are the best op�on based strictly on eye health
Procedure to make a projector
Materials required : Thermocol sheet, Magnifying glass ,hot glue
gun normal or double-sided tape , cuter (or scissors),Protractor
(op�onal but helpful) ,Ruler ,Pencil .
Procedure:
Step 1: Cut the thermocol sheet in half and take one of the half part
as base.

Step 2: Now, build a support for torch and place the torch .

Step 3: Then take a transparent sheet and draw the image you
want to project and then build the screen supporter and place the
screen after the torch.

Step 4: similarly Build a Support for the Lens. But do not fix the
lens since to get a clear image you need to adjust the distance
between lens and screen.

Step 5: Then align torch, lens and screen properly .

Step 6: Now ,turn on the torch

Difficulty that you may face once your projector is ready
Your image formed can be blurry As you’re using a magnifying
glass and not a well-constructed lens, it’s likely that the glass has
some curvature and/or yields some chroma�c aberra�on. In this case
to get a clearest possible picture, do make sure you have your
brightness to the maximum, minimize any light leakage from the box,
and don’t have your projector posi�oned too far from the wall.
 Difference between a homemade
projector and a real projector

• Different structures A projector is generally powered

by 3 DMD chips while a home projector is usually
loaded by only 1 chip. Different technologies offer
different image quality.

• Different projection sizes Like for example a cinema

projector always projects a larger image size than a
home projector. The cinema projectors are born for
large-screen movie theaters .

• Different sizes and volumes The normal projectors are

much bulkier than home projectors.

• Different prices The real projectors are usually many

times more expensive than home projector
Advantages & Disadvantages Of Projectors
• Advantages

Large-Screen Viewing, with Convenience

If you cannot or do not want to go out for a movie with friends or
family, a projector can bring that movie theater or big-screen
experience to your house.

Variable Projec�on Size

A projector also affords the convenience of increasing and
decreasing the size of the images at will. With television, the
screen size is fixed. If you’ve got a 55-inch TV, you are stuck with
it. You cannot blow it up to 100 inches. Similarly, you cannot
scale it down for a more private viewing experience.

Won’t Hurt Your Eyes

Contrary to general perception, projector visuals do not hurt your
eyes. They are usually not strong or bright enough to cause any
damage to your retinas or sense of vision. It is, in fact, the
opposite. A big screen with reduced overall brightness can be
relaxing to the eyes.

Portability and Connec�vity

If the projector is not atached to the ceiling, you can carry it to
any room in the house and outside . You can even bring a
projector while you’re camping, on vaca�on, or an outdoor trip.
Also, most projectors sport internal speakers, an HDMI input,
audio output, etc. Therefore, you can easily connect a projector
to your laptop or a digital media player .
Value-for-Money
Cer�fied 4K projectors could be had for much less, like this BenQ
HT3550. A Samsung 85-inch 4K TV, on the other hand, will
compara�vely be more costly . Also the BenQ projector supports
a projec�on size of up to 200 inches. And if you don’t need
200inch screen size support and are prety content with
maximum projec�ons close to 100 inches, prices come down
further.

Doesn’t Mar a Space’s Design

While many people design their houses or spaces taking a TV into
account, some people find it difficult to harmoniously fit a black,
thin rectangular slab into the overall scheme of things. When the
TV is not in use, it occupies a lot of visual space, whether
atached to the wall or placed on a desk/table. While with a
projector, such space-hogging issues do not exist.
• Disadvantages
Projectors will occupy lots of space
Even if you have placed a small projector inside the classroom, it will
still occupy some space on the desk or table.Also, it will require a
certain position to place on a flat surface so that the image projected
is visible to everyone in the class. It will also require a screen to get
projected, which will also occupy some space in the room.

Increase In Electrical Charges

We all know to project images in daylight conditions, we need a
higher-lumens power projector. So, getting a brighter projector
means an increase in electrical charges.

You might need an external speaker

If you use a projector in a big room ,you might need an external
speaker too because the projector’s internal speakers are not that
loud and can’t be heard from the back if the projector has average
speakers.

Not a Complete Package

Unlike a TV, a projector is not an all-in-one package. By itself, a
projector can provide prety much no end value. It cannot project
pictures and videos if it’s not connected to a source, such as laptops,
smartphones, etc

Picture Quality May Not Be the Best

Projector picture quality isn’t bad. But when you compare it
with a television, it may need some serious catching up to do.
And it’s more than just the sharpness of the images. At �mes,
the pictures may not be bright enough. The colours could be
off too. There’s, in fact, a slew of picture or display issues
with a projector.

Setup Can Be a Pain

You need to turn on a projector, retract and posi�on the
screen, ensure the wall is devoid of irregulari�es, connect
peripherals such as external speakers (if you’re using them) to
it, etc. This setup process can be a pain if you watch movies or
shows intermitently during the day. A TV, on the other hand,
just needs to be plugged in and turned on.
 Uses of projector
• Playing Video Games in King Size
Gaming on a projector takes your game to the next level by giving
you the freedom to choose whatever screen size you want. With a
projector, playing split-screen games with your friends is a step up
from gaming on a TV. The projected image is bigger than any TV,
allowing each player more space.

• Recipe Projector
Some�mes you feel like cooking a nice dinner for your loved ones.
Once you have found a delicious recipe and stocked up the pantry,
you only have to follow the steps carefully. We all know, though, how
it goes when you use your smartphone to keep track of recipes. Oil is
splashing all over your phone and you reach out to grab it with your
flour-covered hands. Those are some hard to clean smudges on your
screen. Use a projector instead, display your content on a wall, and
follow the steps easily.
• Menu Projec�on in a Restaurant
A projector is also a great way to improve the ambiance of a
restaurant. Use it for projec�on mapping on objects or to display
some entertaining content, or complement a delicious menu with a
unique dining experience. Apart from that, a projector can be a great
way to display today's specials or seasonal items on the wall without
the need to reprint the menu each �me.

• Seasonal Decora�ons
When the holiday season is around the corner, families are busy
decora�ng homes and preparing for fes�vi�es. If you have a
projector on hand, you can create customized decora�ons to
guarantee the best holiday display in the neighborhood . For
Halloween, your pumpkins can come alive and start telling spooky
stories, sing, or make silly faces by projec�ng content onto them. You
could also produce a wow effect for passersby by crea�ng an illusion
that your house is full of ghosts, zombies, or other creatures. To
achieve this, you can use rear projec�on mode on semi-opaque
surfaces.

• Art Projec�on
A projector is a handy tool for ar�sts as well as art lovers. With a
projector, it's easy to display your favorite masterpiece in any room
of your house. Using a projector to present your ar�s�c taste is a
unique and fun way to impress good friends.
 Conclusion
A projector is an output device that can be connected to a
computer. It projects images from a Blu-ray player or
computer and presents ideas on the projection screen.
Projectors come in various forms and sizes and are used in
auditoriums and movie theatres. DLP projectors can produce
magnificent images with diagonal sizes ranging from 90′′ to
120′′. You may alter the size of your projector screen to suit
your needs, whether huge or tiny. Projectors are compact in
size and lightweight, weighing between 2 and 20 lbs.
References
Notes and references

• “Secrets of the Chinese magic mirror replica ”

• The Sun: A biography
• https://www.whyprojector.com/names-different-types-
kinds-projectors-available.php
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projector

• Projectors based on their Applications

• htps://worldtechjournal.com/3-main-types-of-projectors-use-
advantages/
• htps://www.globusinfocom.com/blog/dlp-led-lcd-laser-
projector-differences-uses