Life Mind

LIFE PROCESSES MIND MAP (JUNE)
Grade: X Subject: Biology
NUTRITION:
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RESPIRATION:
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TRANSPORTATION:
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EXCRETION:
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CLASS NOTES:
CLASS WORK QUESTIONS:
1. Give the detailed process of nutrition in amoeba.
Nutrition in Amoeba :
It is a unicellular organism living in water.
Mode of nutrition of holozoic.
The process of obtaining food is the phagocytosis (cell eating)
Steps involved in digestion of amoeba are :
(i) Ingestion : Since it is unicellular so a single cell is responsible for carrying out all the vital
activities. Food is ingested with the help of pseudopodia. Animal engulfs the food particle
lying near it by forming pseudopodia around it and forming a food vacuole while is
considered at its temporary stomach.
(ii) Digestion : The enzymes from surrounding cytoplasm enter the food vacuole and break
down the food into smaller & soluble forms.
(iii) Absorption : The digested food is now absorbed by cytoplasm by simple diffusion and
then the food vacuole disappear.
(iv) Assimilation : The food absorbed in amoeba is used to obtain energy from respiration, for
its growth and reproduction.
(v) Egestion : Undigested food is thrown out of the cell.
2. What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?
Answer
Autotrophic nutrition Heterotrophic nutrition
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3. Give the complete oxidation of glucose:
4.
4. (a) Name four types of metabolic wastes produced by humans.
(b) Name any two human excretory organs other than kidney. (Board Term I, 2013)
Answer:
(a) Four types of metabolic wastes produced by human are urea, carbon dioxide, water and salts.
(b) Two human excretory organs other than kidneys are:

(i) Lungs : They help to eliminate carbon dioxide.
(ii) Liver : It is an excretory organ as it converts harmful amino acids to harmless urea and
Haemoglobin of worn out RBCs to bilirubin and biliverdin that can be excreted out of the body.
5.(a) Mention any two components of blood.

(b) Trace the movement of oxygenated blood in the body.
(c) Write the function of valves present in between atria and ventricles.
(d) Write one structural difference between the composition of artery and veins. (2018)
Answer:
(a) Two components of blood are blood plasma and blood corpuscles.
(b) Deoxygenated blood gets oxygenated in the lungs, from there it moves to heart and pumped to
different parts of the body. Its path can be traced out as
Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium of heart → Aorta → Arteries → Body parts
(c) When blood is pumped, valves prevent back flow of blood between ventricles and atria. They
open and allow the right amount of blood to flow from one chamber to the other.
(d) Structural difference between veins and arteries is as follows:
Veins:
Veins have thin, less elastic and less muscular walls. They have valves to prevent back flow of
blood.
Arteries:
Arteries have thick, elastic and muscular walls with no valves.
6. “Blood circulation in fishes is different from the blood circulation in human beings”. Justify the
statement.
Answer:
Fishes have only two chambers in their heart, the blood is pumped to the gills to get oxygenated
blood and from there it passes directly to rest of the body. Thus, the blood goes only once through
the heart during one cycle of passage through the body. This type of circulation is termed as single
circulation.
7.Give reasons:
(a) Ventricles have thicker muscular walls than atria.
(b) Transport system in plants is slow.
(c) Circulation of blood in aquatic vertebrates differs from that in terrestrial vertebrates.
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(d) During the daytime, water and minerals travel faster through xylem as compared to the night.
(e) Veins have valves whereas arteries do not. (2020)
Answer:
(a) Since ventricles have to pump blood into various organs with high pressure, they have thicker
walls than atria.
(b) Transport system in plants is less elaborate than in animals, as plants are less active, so their
cells do not need to be supplied with materials so quickly.
(c) The aquatic vertebrates like fish have gills to oxygenate blood. The flow of blood in a fish is
single circulation because the blood passes through the heart only once in one complete cycle of
body. The terrestrial vertebrates like birds and humans have double circulation as the blood travels
heart twice in one complete cycle of blood and they have lungs for oxygenation of blood.
(d) It is because during daytime rate of transpiration is higher.
(e) The lumen of veins have valves, which allow the blood in them to flow in only one direction.
Thus prevent back flow of blood.
8.What do the following transport?

(i) Xylem-Transport water and minerals
(ii) Phloem-Transport food
(iii) Pulmonary vein-Transport oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
(iv) Vena cava- Transport deoxygenated blood from body parts to heart
(v) Pulmonary artery- Transport deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
(vi) Aorta - Transport oxygenated blood from heart to body parts.
9.Explain the following:
(i) Blood pressure.

(ii) Systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. How are they expressed?
(iii) Name of the instrument which is used to measure blood pressure.
(iv) High blood pressure and its harmful effects.
Ans.
(i) Blood pressure: The force that blood exerts against the wall of a blo0d vessel is called blood
pressure. The blood pressure is much greater in arteries than veins.
(ii) (a) Systolic pressure: The blood pressure inside an artery during ventricular systole (contraction)
is known as systolic pressure.
(b) Diastolic pressure: The blood pressure in artery during ventricular diastole (relaxation) is
known as diastolic pressure. The normal systolic pressure is 120 mm of Hg and the diastolic
pressure is 80 mm of Hg. It is expressed as 120/80.
(iii) Sphygmomanometer: It is the instrument used to measure blood pressure.
(iv) High blood pressure: High blood pressure is also known as hypertension. Hypertension is
caused by the constriction of arterioles.
Harmful effects of high blood pressure: It can lead to rupture of an artery and internal bleeding.
Blood
10Q. Mention the differences between Blood and Lymph.
Blood Lymph
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1 Blood is red due to presence of red blood 1. The lymph is light yellow or colourless
cells containing haemoglobin . because it does not have haemoglobin.
2. Blood flows in blood vessels and does not 2. The lymph bathes the body tissues.
come in contact with body tissues.
3. Blood flows from heart to body organs 3. The lymph flows from the tissues to the
and heart.
returns to heart.
4. Blood contains RBC, WBC, platelets and 4. Lymph contains some amount of plasma,
plasma. proteins and white blood cells.
11Q.What is dialysis? What are artificial kidneys? How do they work?

Ans; It is a process used in artificial kidney. (hemodialysis) to remove nitrogenous wastes from the
body. It is a process of selective filtering out nitrogenous wastes and retaining larger molecules such
as proteins and other useful components of the blood.
Working: It consists of number of tubes with semi permeable lining (SPM). These tubes are
suspended in the tank filled with dialysing fluid. Dialysing has same osmotic pressure as blood but
not contain nitrogenous wastes material. The blood of patient is passed through dialysing tubes. As
the blood passes through the tubes, waste products (urea, uric acid) from blood pass into dialysing
fluid by diffusion. The purified blood is pumped back into patient through vein. Artificial kidney
does filtration but no tubular reabsorption.
12Q.What is the fluid and the membrane surrounding lungs and heart?
Answer: Pleura and pleural membrane, pericardium and pericardial membrane
THE END
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LIFE PROCESSES MIND MAP (JUNE)

Grade: X Subject: Biology

CLASS WORK QUESTIONS:

1. Give the detailed process of nutrition in amoeba.

(b) Two human excretory organs other than kidneys are:

5.(a) Mention any two components of blood.

8.What do the following transport?

(i) Blood pressure.

11Q.What is dialysis? What are artificial kidneys? How do they work?

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