Benefits and Barriers of Imple

sustainability
Review
Benefits and Barriers of Implementing Building Information
Modeling Techniques for Sustainable Practices in the Construction
Industry—A Comprehensive Review
Shuvo Dip Datta 1 , Bassam A. Tayeh 2, * , Ibrahim Y. Hakeem 3 and Yazan I. Abu Aisheh 4
1 Department of Building Engineering and Construction Management, Khulna University of

Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh; sd.datta@becm.kuet.ac.bd
2 Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Gaza,
Gaza P.O. Box 108, Palestine
3 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University,
Najran P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
* Correspondence: btayeh@iugaza.edu.ps
Abstract: The benefits and barriers of implementing building information modeling (BIM) and sus-
tainability have all been the subject of numerous studies that have been performed both separately
and in pairs. Despite this, there are presently no studies that include both of these ideas. This paper
aims to integrate various technologies, methodologies, and concepts to close this gap specific to the
architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sectors by outlining how concepts could coexist
and support one another. To that goal, a thorough literature study was conducted to determine how
recently academics had investigated the synergies between these fields. Results point to synergies,
mostly the benefits and barriers of BIM in the sustainable construction sector. After the literature
review, 46 identified factors associated with benefits and 21 factors associated with barriers were ob-
tained. Among the factors, “Promoting carbon emission reduction” and “Enhancing material wastage
Citation: Datta, S.D.; Tayeh, B.A.; reduction” are the top environmental benefits of implementing BIM in sustainable construction
Hakeem, I.Y.; Abu Aisheh, Y.I. projects. The popular economic benefits were “Improving design efficiency”, “Reducing the overall
Benefits and Barriers of project costs”, and “Promoting productivity” and the most important social benefit was “Enhancing
Implementing Building Information project safety and health performance”. On the other hand, the lack of experts was the major barrier
Modeling Techniques for Sustainable to BIM implementation in sustainable construction projects. Thus, the findings assist the BIM and
Practices in the Construction sustainability integration’s benefits and barriers for a better and sustainable construction industry.
Industry—A Comprehensive Review.
Sustainability 2023, 15, 12466.
Keywords: building information modeling; construction management; sustainability; project
https://doi.org/10.3390/
performance; benefits; barrier; review; sustainable development
su151612466
Academic Editor: Alan Randall
Received: 29 June 2023

1. Introduction
Revised: 13 August 2023
Accepted: 14 August 2023 In recent years, the construction industry has undergone significant advancements.
Published: 16 August 2023 However, it is often criticized for its high energy consumption and environmental pollution,
which accounts for 40% of global energy consumption, 25% of waste generation, and 25%
of water usage [1]. Although the construction industry (CI) has made notable progress in
recent times, it remains subject to condemnation due to its elevated energy consumption and
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. environmental contamination. These issues account for a substantial portion of worldwide
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. energy usage, waste production, and water consumption. These difficulties can slow
This article is an open access article
down the development of cutting-edge technologies. Sustainable construction techniques
distributed under the terms and
combined with BIM technology have been proposed as a successful solution to address these
conditions of the Creative Commons
issues. As one prominent example, consider the Shanghai Centre, a sizable construction
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
project that utilized BIM and sustainability in CI to generate considerable energy savings
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
of around 40% and enable the development of a more effective management system [2].
4.0/).
Sustainability 2023, 15, 12466. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612466 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

Sustainability 2023, 15, 12466 2 of 28
The Pearl River Tower is another iconic sustainable construction project that achieved its
objectives. According to Zhang et al. [3], the usage of BIM enhances management structure
and decreases energy expenses by 30%.
The status of BIM’s expertise in sustainable buildings for advancing global sustainabil-
ity cannot be overstated. The combination of BIM technology and sustainable construction
practices can be implemented throughout all phases of a project, including but not limited
to the initial briefing and design stages, the construction process, the operation of the com-
pleted project, and ongoing maintenance. Several challenges are raised with Augmented
Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies’ application in sustainable construction
and their novel usage and integration into BIM [4]. The use of BIM and GIS in environ-
mentally friendly construction to develop an advanced information management system
was studied by Wang et al. [5]. Saieg et al. [6] conducted a literature study on the topic of
combining BIM, lean construction, and sustainability in the decision-making process. It is
clear from the findings that the interplay between these sectors will lead to future gains in
efficiency that will have positive effects on the economy and the environment. However,
there is a need to investigate the benefits and barriers of implementing BIM technolo-
gies in sustainable construction projects to visualize the impact of updated construction
technologies.
Numerous studies have been performed to learn more about each of these ideas and,
in some cases, their relationship pairwise, after the growth of these two fields. Although
more studies are being performed in these fields, there is still little to no research on how
the BIM and sustainability concepts connect to one another or the benefits and barriers of
adopting those together in the construction sector. The primary aim of this review is to
provide an overview of the existing literature on interactions, with a focus on extensively
researched themes and encountered constraints. Subsequently, this review aims to establish
a cohesive relationship between these two concepts to enhance the AEC industry’s quality
while also proposing possible paths for future research. This is carried out by taking into
account any potential combined effect that the mixtures of these principles create pairwise.
With the purpose of finding and evaluating the interconnections of BIM and sustainability
in the AEC business, this study presents a comprehensive literature review.
1.1. BIM in Construction Projects

BIM is a technology for n-D modeling, virtual models, or virtual prototyping, accord-
ing to Eastman et al. [7]. The BIM methodology encompasses the entire life cycle of a
building or piece of infrastructure. It is based on the digitization process and collaboration
among different stakeholders, allowing for the integration and management of data, design,
and documentation throughout the entire process [8]. BIM can also be referred to as a
computer-aided technology for managing data within the construction industry, with an
emphasis on BIM production, analysis, and communication [7]. Meanwhile, Azhar [9]
defined BIM as a precise digitally created computer-generated representation of a building
that enables stakeholders to visualize the proposed construction.
The swift advancement of the construction sector has led to traditional management
and monitoring approaches becoming inadequate, resulting in decreased job efficiency and
impaired flow of information across project delivery stages [10]. In order to improve project
management, support trade crews, and promote a more productive work environment, the
construction industry is adopting digitization. Project information digitization has emerged
as a means for the construction industry to achieve greater efficiency and precision in its
processes, thus reducing costs and optimizing production [11,12]. BIM is habitually viewed
as a catalyst for productivity and innovation in the CI [13–16]. BIM enables the development
of a computer-generated 3D model that encompasses the entire life cycle of a project, from
planning to design, construction, and operation. It provides an all-encompassing and
holistic view of the building and its components [17].
Professionals in the construction industry have made noteworthy endeavors to en-
hance the adoption of BIM in construction projects. This is due to the recognition of its
potential to enhance project outcomes and augment the overall efficiency of the industry.
In recent years, there has been mounting pressure from architects, engineers, and con-
sultants (AEC industry) for construction organizations to adopt BIM technologies. As a
result, these organizations are increasingly implementing advanced strategies, such as BIM,
to improve their efficiency and effectiveness [13]. BIM not only promotes efficient and
effective managing operations in construction projects but also improves collaboration and
communication among stakeholders by providing a centralized, digital platform for the
sharing and coordination of project-related information [18].
BIM is widely used throughout the life cycle of a project to facilitate the creation, col-
lection, management, manipulation, and dissemination of construction data in an efficient
manner. Additionally, BIM supports project visualization, scheduling, communication, and
collaboration among stakeholders [19]. In addition to being recognized for its economic and
environmental benefits, the implementation of BIM in construction projects provides the
ability to advance product quality and promote more sustainable building designs [7,20].
The quality of construction projects has been enhanced due to the successful appli-
cation of BIM in preventing project delays and controlling construction costs [18]. Most
construction problems, like design discrepancies and data loss, are generally attributed to
this and are identified and resolved during the pre-construction stage with the use of BIM,
leading to a smoother and more successful execution of the project during the construction
stage. According to Latiffi, Mohd, and Rakiman [18], BIM deployment in construction
projects is critical for achieving improved project outcomes.
BIM adoption signals a paradigm change away from conventional working methods
and toward a collaborative and integrated working process [10]. The utilization of BIM
offers incentives for various stakeholders involved in a construction project, like owners,
facility managers, contractors, and fabricators, as well as architects and engineers, to
improve project outcomes, increase efficiency, and enhance collaboration [7].
1.2. Sustainability in Construction Projects

A growing emphasis has been placed on sustainable development as a response to
concerns about the environment and climate change, as well as addressing issues such as
poverty, increasing socioeconomic disparities, and social inequalities [21,22]. The percep-
tion of sustainable development, which emerged in the 1970s and gained prominence in
the 1980s, is considered to encompass responsible actions that ensure an extended period of
time without affecting the capacity of the next generations to fulfil their requirements [23].
According to Stoddart et al. [24], sustainability is the notion of managing resources re-
sponsibly and equitably over time, creating an economic system that works within the
bounds of the environment. It involves making decisions that are conscious of the current
and future generations and utilizing natural resources in a way that preserves them for
those who come after. Typically, the three dimensions of sustainability including economic,
social, and environmental are considered collectively and interdependently [25]. As these
three dimensions are often in conflict with each other (for example, achieving social and
environmental sustainability at the expense of economic sustainability), achieving a sus-
tainable equilibrium can be challenging [25]. Figure 1 illustrates the main dimensions of
sustainability.
As a result of escalating sustainability concerns, such as decreasing carbon dioxide
production and reducing dependency on non-renewable energy sources, various construc-
tion projects are being required to adopt green and sustainable construction practices. It
is crucial to exercise caution in the execution of construction projects to avoid depleting
funding and leaving future generations unable to meet their individual needs [26]. The
use of sustainability principles in the CI is often referred to as sustainable construction.
Sustainability has increasingly come to be understood as a helpful strategy to encourage
the growth of the CI [27–29].
Sustainability
Sustainability2023,
2023,15,
15,x12466
FOR PEER REVIEW 4 4ofof29
28
Sustainabilitydimensions
Figure1.1.Sustainability
Figure dimensions[25].
[25].
AsAccording to Oke
a result of et al. [30],
escalating the CI considerably
sustainability concerns, raises
such as human life quality
decreasing carbonanddioxide
plays a
production and reducing dependency on non-renewable energy sources, various water
vital part in protecting the indigenous environment by utilizing resources, assets, and con-
in a sustainable
struction projectsmanner
are being [31]. According
required to Hillgreen
to adopt and Bowen [32], sustainable
and sustainable construction
construction prac-
is theItconcept
tices. is crucialoftoutilizing
exerciseresources
caution in inthe
a way that is of
execution both environmentally
construction projectsconscious
to avoid de-and
pleting funding and leaving future generations unable to meet their individual needs [26].a
responsible. It was initially used to refer to the obligation of the building sector to create
sustainable
The future.
use of sustainability principles in the CI is often referred to as sustainable construc-
The term “sustainable construction” refers to a variety of various things to different
tion. Sustainability has increasingly come to be understood as a helpful strategy to en-
people [33]. Agyekum-Mensah et al. [34] introduced a concept of sustainability in the CI that
courage the growth of the CI [27–29].
has changed over time. Initially, the focus was on managing scarce resources, particularly
According to Oke et al. [30], the CI considerably raises human life quality and plays
energy, but that has since grown to include the use of eco-build and green-build materials,
a vital part in protecting the indigenous environment by utilizing resources, assets, and
components, technologies, and energy-related designs [1].
water in a sustainable manner [31]. According to Hill and Bowen [32], sustainable con-
The research status and development trends of sustainable development in the con-
struction is the concept of utilizing resources in a way that is both environmentally con-
struction sector are also observed in the production of sustainable concrete. Recycled
scious and responsible. It was initially used to refer to the obligation of the building sector
aggregate concrete (RAC) is a green material for sustainable development that helps ease
to create a sustainable future.
the pressure on natural resources caused by the increasing demand for infrastructure [35,36].
The term “sustainable construction” refers to a variety of various things to different
Moreover, Sobuz et al. [37] concluded that RAC minimized embodied CO2 emissions and
people [33]. Agyekum-Mensah et al. [34] introduced a concept of sustainability in the CI
saved costs compared to traditional concrete. In addition, the RAC’s structural property
that
can has changed over
be improved time. Initially,
by incorporating the focus
waste was on managing
nano-materials and fiberscarce resources,
[38,39]. Therefore,partic-
envi-
ularly energy, but that has since grown to include the use of eco-build
ronmental and economic sustainability in concrete can be achieved by replacing traditional and green-build
materials,
raw materialscomponents,
with recycledtechnologies,
materials. and energy-related designs [1].
The research status
Furthermore, and development
according to Ismail et al.trends of sustainable
[40], sustainable development
construction methodsin theshould
con-
struction sector are also observed in the production of sustainable
be employed throughout the entire project life cycle to bolster the resilience of housing concrete. Recycled ag-
gregate concrete (RAC) is a green material for sustainable development
developments in the face of disasters. This includes land use planning, the development that helps ease
the pressure on natural
of environmentally resources
conscious causedthe
structures, byutilization
the increasing demand building
of sustainable for infrastructure
materials,
[35,36].
optimal resource management, and a decrease in construction waste. Therefore, CO
Moreover, Sobuz et al. [37] concluded that RAC minimized embodied 2 emis-
sustainable
sions and is
building saved costs compared
an approach to traditional
to construction concrete. In
that recognizes theaddition, the RAC’s
far-reaching economic,structural
social,
property can be improved
and environmental effectsbyofincorporating
all stages of the waste nano-materials
process. It ensuresand thatfiber [38,39].from
all steps, There-the
fore, environmental and economic sustainability in concrete can
beginning of planning to the completion of the project, are conducted in a way that is be achieved by replacing
traditional
mindful ofraw ourmaterials
current and with recycled
future materials.
resources [40].
Furthermore, according to
According to Jamwal et al. [41], most Ismail et al. [40], sustainable
existing research construction
on sustainablemethods should
construction
be employed throughout
manufacturing the entire project
relies on single-model life cycle
techniques to bolster
based on fuzzy the resilience
logic. However, of housing
Jamwal
developments in the that
et al. [42] reported face ofleandisasters. This includesmanagement,
and environmental land use planning, the development
sustainable machining,
ofdecision-making,
environmentallyindustryconscious 4.0,structures, the utilization
and lean production of sustainable
systems building
are all instances materials,
of sustainable
optimal resource
construction management,from
manufacturing and 1999
a decrease
to 2020. in construction waste. Therefore,
Moreover, Presley and Meadesustaina-
[43] pro-
vided a framework and technique to help construction companies and contractors include
sustainability indicators in their benchmarking efforts.
Sustainability in infrastructure can be defined as a strategy for achieving a balance
between economic, environmental, and social considerations in relation to building design,
construction, use, and maintenance [44]. According to Oke, Aigbavboa, and Semenya [30];
Ismail, Halog, and Smith [40]; and Aghimien et al. [45], sustainable construction places
emphasis on reducing building energy use throughout construction and during the build-
ings’ operational lives [46]. It is vital to utilize sustainable construction methods in order to
construct sustainable infrastructure that will support sustainable development [47].
There is a general consensus that sustainable development encompasses at least three
dimensions—social, economic, and environmental—despite variations in the definition of
the term [29]. Sustainable buildings must effectively integrate environmental goals with
social and financial considerations to achieve an excellent quality of living, productivity,
and a safe working environment [46]. Many modern authors agree that a healthy and
prosperous construction industry is essential for achieving social, environmental, and
economic success [34,48]. The sustainable construction process aims to uphold, enhance,
and promote economic justice while also preserving the natural environment, which aligns
with the principles and objectives of those perspectives [49].
1.3. Scope of the Research

The ideas of BIM and sustainable designs have lately taken center stage in the growth
of the construction sector. The following questions were taken into consideration in order to
comprehend existing research attempts to relate these fields pairwise and to find obstacles
to and benefits of combining the two concepts:
• Question 1: Barriers to implementing BIM in the sustainable AEC industry is the first
research topic.
• Question 2: How may sustainable concepts and BIM features help building projects
address the difficulties of sustainable development?
Additionally, this study makes three distinct contributions. First, we examine how
BIM and sustainability interact in the AEC sector while taking sociological, economic,
and operational stances to better understand their inter-relationships. Second, we list the
benefits and barriers of this integration. Third, a set of interactions was discussed that
might be seen as barriers and benefits of a BIM integration to achieve sustainability in the
industry, based on the findings from the synergies between BIM and sustainability.
This article’s remaining sections are organized as follows: the research methodology
is presented in Section 2, including the keywords utilized, the steps followed to find
publications, and the inclusion/exclusion criteria that served as the foundation for the
papers examined.
The author’s perspective regarding the way BIM functions and sustainability might
interact cohesively for improved building projects is presented in Section 4, along with how
pairwise interaction has been examined in recent research. The findings, both quantitative
and qualitative, are summarized in Section 3. Lastly, conclusions are offered, tracked with
Section 5’s future study goals based on the findings.
2. Materials and Methods

The three steps that made up the methodology for this study were as follows:
Numerous papers were reviewed for this study, concentrating on the research’s scope
and restricting the sample to choosing, analyzing, and interpreting only pertinent and
adherent works for the particular issue, as Viegas et al. [50] highlighted. By outlining
the research plan, the reader is able to evaluate the method’s rigor, completeness, and
reproducibility. In order to make the process visible and to inform the reader of what was
not addressed with the review, it is essential that primary studies be chosen using clear
inclusion and exclusion criteria.
From Figure 2, it is observed that stage 1 was completed in two rounds, the first of
which was a study of the literature that covered topics such as the identification, catego-
rization, and methods for enhancing BIM implementation in the sustainable construction
sector. Two stages are taken to complete the literature search. In the initial phase of the
literature search, manual searches in databases and search engines are used to look for titles,
abstracts, and keywords. Google Scholar, the Scopus database, and the Web of Science
were some of the databases and search engines mentioned. There is no one database that
considers all publications on a certain issue; thus, even while the usage of various databases
produced a significant quantity of duplicates, it also ensured that nearly every study that
should be taken into consideration was located. Mendeley, a reference manager that enables
Sustainability 2023, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 29
annotations and searches inside documents, and simple duplication elimination, were used
to centralize, organize, and regulate the data collected.
Review Analysis Output
First round of literature search First round of analysis Output of first round of analysis
Benefits
Screening of many sources

46 BIM implementation benefits
Reaching to 46 different
Reviewing the sources benefits from 36 related 16 environmental benefits
sources to the benefits of
BIM implementation after
Reaching to 104 related heavy analysis sources. 15 economic benefits
sources to the benefits of
BIM implementation
15 social benefits
Second round of literature search Second round of analysis Output of second round of analysis
Barriers
Screening of many sources
Reaching to 21 different
barriers from 34 related
Reviewing the sources sources to the barriers of BIM 21 BIM implementation barrier
implementation for for sustainable construction
sustainable constriction after
Reaching to 95 related heavy analysis sources.
sources to the barriers of
BIM implementation
Figure 2. Research flowchart of this study.

Figure 2. Research flowchart of this study.
To categorize related earlier sources, the examined keywords were designated to
To categorize related earlier sources, the examined keywords were designated to be
be “BIM benefits”, “Environmental benefits”, “Economical benefits”, “Social benefits”,
“BIM benefits”, “Environmental benefits”, “Economical benefits”, “Social benefits”, “Sus-
“Sustainable construction”, “Construction management”, and “AEC industry”. The initial
tainable
research construction”, “Construction
string was defined management”,
using the boolean and“AND”
operators “AEC industry”.
and “OR” of The
theinitial re-
selected
search string was defined using the boolean operators “AND” and “OR” of the
keywords. The total number of benefit sources found after searching through databases selected
keywords.
and searchThe total was
engines number
104. of
Thebenefit sources
sources’ titlesfound after searching
and abstracts through
were then databases
examined, and
and search engines was 104. The sources’ titles and abstracts were then examined,
those found to be pertinent to the review were chosen to be retrieved and given a thorough and
those found to be pertinent to the review were chosen to be retrieved and given a thor-
ough examination. The sources were selected using the following inclusion criteria: (a)
those with indicated benefits of BIM for the sustainable construction sector; (b) those pub-
lished between 2010 and 2021, as presented in Figure 3; (c) those available online; and (d)
those written in English. Therefore, the authors reached out to 46 different benefits from
examination. The sources were selected using the following inclusion criteria: (a) those
with indicated benefits of BIM for the sustainable construction sector; (b) those published
between 2010 and 2021, as presented in Figure 3; (c) those available online; and (d) those
written in English. Therefore, the authors reached out to 46 different benefits from 36 related
sources to the benefits of BIM implementation after a heavy analysis of sources, as presented
in Figure 4 and designated in Table 1. Among the 46 factors, some factors are present in
several studies. The authors extracted the factors based on 3 criteria. Those that are
environmental, economical, and social benefits were sorted from the studies. After that, the
Sustainability 2023, 15,Sustainability
x FOR PEER 2023, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW
REVIEW 10 of 29 10 of 29
46 benefit factors were subdivided into 16 environmental benefits, 15 economic benefits,
and 15 social benefits.
Figure
Figure3.3.The Figure
Thenumber
number 3.sources
The number
ofofsources ofof of sources
benefits of of
benefits BIM of in
in
BIM benefits of BIM
sustainable in sustainable
construction
sustainable construction
projects
construction fromfrom
projects projects
the the year from the
year 2010 to 2021. year 2010 to 2021.
2010 to 2021.
Benefit
Figure4.4.Benefit
Figure Figure
factors
factors 4.
ofBenefit
of BIMBIM infactors ofconstruction
BIM construction
sustainable
in sustainable in sustainable construction
projects
projects and
and their projects and their corresponding
their corresponding
corresponding number number number
ofsources.
of sources. of sources.
Table 1. Selected benefit and barrier factor designations.
Factors Designation
Benefits
Providing predictive performance analysis (energy analysis, code
EN1
analysis)
Monitoring performance effects EN2
Controlling energy usage EN3
Promoting carbon emission reduction EN4
Improving ventilation performance EN5
Assessing water harvesting EN6
Promoting sustainable design alternatives’ creation EN7
Promoting efficient resource management EN8
Providing thermal building life-cycle analysis EN9
Providing lighting building life-cycle analysis EN10
Evaluating optimal opportunities EN11
Encourage the implementation of clean technologies that require
EN12
less energy consumption
Enhancing material wastage reduction EN13
Promoting design, construction, and management of green
EN14
buildings
Promoting stakeholders to realize benefits of sustainable
EN15
development
Necessary technology to achieve CO2 goals EN16
Improving design efficiency EC1
Reducing the cost of as-built drawings EC2
Reducing the overall project costs EC3
Enhancing construction performance EC4
Promoting productivity EC5
Improving the management procedure throughout the entire life
span of buildings (design, construction, operation, maintenance, EC6
and management)
Promote cost control EC7
Reducing project delivery time EC8
Coordinating necessary procurement requirements in advance
EC9
(supplies, equipment, and capital requirements)
Promoting data workflow in the project operation process EC10
Examining renewable energy sources that reduce the cost of
EC11
energy
Determining the optimal options to decrease energy and resource
EC12
utilization
Developing cost-effective sustainable design EC13
Predicting energy savings EC14
Promoting financial and investment opportunities EC15
Supporting workers’ connection and collaboration toward
SA1
accelerating projects
Table 1. Cont.
Factors Designation
Enhancing project safety and health performance SA2
Increasing building life SA3
Smoothing the transition from design to implementation, to
SA4
post-design, and finally to maintenance
Prompting stakeholders toward the adoption of sustainable
SA5
projects
Facilitating input, extraction, exchange, or transform information
SA6
in projects
Enhancing individuals’ quality of life SA7
Facilitating operating sustainability systems smoothly SA8
Monotiling construction quality SA9
Recording project problems SA10
Offering a centralized database that supports the management of
SA11
the entire building life-cycle process
Enhancing sharing of physical and functional information of
SA12
sustainable projects between all stakeholders
Supporting the decision-making process SA13
Facilitating management departments for renovations, space
SA14
planning, and maintenance operations
Enhancing construction industry brand image and competitive
SA15
advantage
Barriers
Lack of collaborative working environment BR1
High cost of application BR2
Lack of skilled personnel BR3
High cost of training staff BR4
High cost of BIM experts BR5
Market readiness for innovation BR6
The industry’s reluctance to move away from traditional methods
BR7
of working
Lack of experts BR8
Recurring need for additional and associated resources and high
BR9
economic expenses
Limited studies on the application of BIM in eco-friendly building
BR10
construction
Absence of well-defined guidelines for utilizing BIM in
BR11
sustainable construction projects
Limited participation of individuals utilizing BIM in sustainable
BR12
building projects
Absence of a well-defined method for exchanging operational
BR13
management data
A lack of comprehension of the steps and activities needed for
BR14
BIM and ecological sustainability
Inaccurate energy analysis predictions using BIM in eco-friendly
BR15
buildings
Table 1. Cont.
Factors Designation
Insufficient BIM data structures to accurately capture
BR16
sustainability-related information
Lack of a comprehensive framework and implementation plan BR17
Uncontrolled application risk of BIM technology in sustainable
BR18
buildings
Increased liability BR19
Lack of senior management support and attention toward
BR20
integration of BIM and sustainability practices
Non-uniformity of sustainability and BIM evaluation criteria and
BR21
measures
In order to identify barriers to BIM implementation in the sustainable AEC industry,

95 sources in total were looked into during stage 1. The search criteria, study selection,
and extraction of the factor process are similar to the benefit factor finding criteria. The
keywords, titles, and abstracts were manually searched in the databases and search engines
during the second round of literature review. To categorize related earlier sources, the
examined keywords were designated to be “BIM barriers”, “Sustainable construction”,
“Construction management”, “Barriers of sustainability”, and “AEC industry”. Similar to
the previous phase, the sources’ titles and abstracts were examined, and those found to be
Sustainability 2023,pertinent to the
15, x FOR PEER review were chosen. In the second round of analysis, the authors reached
REVIEW 11 of
out to 21 different benefits from 34 related sources to the barriers of BIM implementation
after heavy-analysis sources, as presented in Figure 5 and designated in Table 1.
Figure 5. Barrier factors of BIM in sustainable construction projects and their corresponding number
Figure 5. Barrier factors of BIM in sustainable construction projects and their corresponding numb
of sources. of sources.
3. Results and Discussion

3.1. Potential Benefits of Utilizing BIM Techniques on Sustainability Practices in the
Construction Industry
Utilizing BIM in constructing projects can produce numerous advantages for sustain
able development [51]. Sustainable construction is gaining global recognition as a leadin
building type, requiring the development and implementation of long-term strategies an
3. Results and Discussion

3.1. Potential Benefits of Utilizing BIM Techniques on Sustainability Practices in the
Utilizing BIM in constructing projects can produce numerous advantages for sus-
tainable development [51]. Sustainable construction is gaining global recognition as a
leading building type, requiring the development and implementation of long-term strate-
gies and incorporating modern, cutting-edge technology [52]. As mentioned previously,
sustainable construction strives to promote environmental protection as well as enhance
the economic and social condition of the community through construction projects [47].
Utilizing BIM techniques can significantly improve sustainability practices in three distinct
ways—environmental, economic, and social—as presented in Table 2. This can range from
reducing carbon footprints to reducing costs and improving social outcomes.
Table 2. Benefits of implementing BIM for a sustainable construction project from the environmental,
economic, and social aspects.
Benefits References
Environmental Aspect
Providing predictive performance analysis
1. [53,54]
(energy analysis, code analysis)
2. Monitoring performance effects [53]
3. Controlling energy usage [26,55]
4. Promoting carbon emission reduction [26,56,57]
5. Improving ventilation performance [26]
6. Assessing water harvesting [56]
Promoting sustainable design alternatives’
7. [58,59]
creation
8. Promoting efficient resource management [60]
9. Providing thermal building life-cycle analysis [61]
10. Providing lighting building life-cycle analysis [61]
11. Evaluating optimal opportunities [62]
Encourage the implementation of clean
12. technologies that require less energy [63]
consumption
13. Enhancing material wastage reduction [56,64,65]
Promoting design, construction, and
14. [57]
management of green buildings
Promoting stakeholders to realize benefits of
15. [66]
sustainable development
16. Necessary technology to achieve CO2 goals [54]
Economic Aspect
1. Improving design efficiency [67–69]
2. Reducing the cost of as-built drawings [70]
3. Reducing the overall project costs [67,68,71]
4. Enhancing construction performance [9]
5. Promoting productivity [9,57,68]
Improving the management procedure
throughout the entire life span of buildings
6. [9,72,73]
(design, construction, operation, maintenance,
and management)
7. Promote cost control [72]
8. Reducing project delivery time [68]
Coordinating necessary procurement
9. requirements in advance (supplies, equipment, [9,72]
and capital requirements)
Table 2. Cont.
Benefits References
Promoting data workflow in the project
10. [3]
operation process
Examining renewable energy sources that reduce
11. [56]
the cost of energy
Determining the optimal options to decrease
12. [9,72]
energy and resource utilization
13. Developing cost-effective sustainable design [58,74]
14. Predicting energy savings [75–77]
Promoting financial and investment
15. [59,78]
opportunities
Social Aspect
Supporting workers’ connection and
1. [67,79]
collaboration toward accelerating projects
2. Enhancing project safety and health performance [60,72,80–82]
3. Increasing building life [83,84]
Smoothing the transition from design to
4. implementation, to post-design, and finally to [83,84]
maintenance
Prompting stakeholders toward the adoption of
5. [3]
sustainable projects
Facilitating input, extraction, exchange, or
6. [3,85]
transform information in projects
7. Enhancing individuals’ quality of life [81,82]
Facilitating operating sustainability systems
8. [3]
smoothly
9. Monotiling construction quality [26]
10. Recording project problems [26]
Offering a centralized database that supports the
11. management of the entire building life-cycle [82,85]
process
Enhancing sharing of physical and functional
12. information of sustainable projects between all [26]
stakeholders
13. Supporting the decision-making process [57,86]
Facilitating management departments for
14. renovations, space planning, and maintenance [9]
operations
Enhancing construction industry brand image
15. [87]
and competitive advantage
Figure 6 displays the network diagram prepared from the recent studies of Table 2.
According to the figure, a total of 24 keywords were obtained, and they are clustered into
three separate groups according to their interconnectivity. The total link strength between
all these words is 932, and the most used words in these studies are “Construction industry”,
“Building Information Modelling”, and “Sustainability”. These investigations also show
that the words “sustainable construction”, “Building”, “industry”, and “construction
projects” are strongly correlated. All these have a combined link strength of 520.
all these words is 932, and the most used words in these studies are “Construction indus-
try”, “Building Information Modelling”, and “Sustainability”. These investigations also
Sustainability 2023, 15, 12466 show that the words “sustainable construction”, “Building”, “industry”, and “construc-13 of 28
tion projects” are strongly correlated. All these have a combined link strength of 520.
Figure 6. Connectivity map of keywords from the literature on the benefits of BIM implementation
Figure 6. Connectivity map of keywords from the literature on the benefits of BIM implementation
inina asustainable
sustainableproject.
project.
3.1.1. Environmental Aspect

3.1.1. Environmental Aspect
BIM technology is an excellent fit for applications that require data related to sustain-
BIMand
ability technology is an excellent
energy efficiency, making fit for applications
it especially that require
beneficial data relatedconstruction
for sustainable to sustain-
ability and energy efficiency, making it especially beneficial for sustainable
projects [53]. Figure 7 presents the scenario of the BIM implementation benefits with respect construction
projects [53]. Figure 7 presents
to the environmental aspect ofthe
thescenario
sustainable of the BIM implementation
construction industry. This benefits with BIM
intelligent re-
spect to the environmental aspect of the sustainable construction
model allows for a comprehensive analysis of the building’s performance, the ability to industry. This intelligent
BIM model
observe itsallows
effects,for a comprehensive
a simulation analysis of the
of its appearance, andbuilding’s
the capacity performance,
to visualizethe ability
it [53].
to observe
BIM analytics tools can be utilized to analyze the multiple capabilities of green[53].
its effects, a simulation of its appearance, and the capacity to visualize it build-
ings, likeanalytics
BIM tools can be utilized
energy consumption, carbon to analyze
release, and the airmultiple capabilities of
quality evaluations, togreen
support build-
their
ings, like energy
durability [26]. consumption,
BIM technology carbon
makes release, and air
it possible toquality
analyzeevaluations, to support their
the water requirements of a
durability
building and [26].implement
BIM technology makes
strategies it possible
to reduce themto[56].
analyze the water requirements of a
building BIM and implementcan
applications strategies to reduce
help lessen waste and themminimize
[56]. carbon emissions by optimizing
the BIM
design applications
of the site can
andhelp lessen logistics
managing waste and minimize
efficiently carbon
[56]. emissions
Figure by optimiz-
4 also shows that, in
ing thecases,
most designthe of BIM
the site andhelps
model managing
control logistics
low CO efficiently
2 emissions.[56]. Figure
BIM also 4 also shows
enhances that,
material
inwaste
most reduction
cases, the BIM model helps control
in the construction sector [64,88].low CO 2 emissions. BIM also enhances material
waste During
reduction thein the construction
pre-design sector phases,
and planning [64,88]. the most important determinations about
During design
sustainable the pre-design
solutions and planning
will be made byphases,
leveraging the the
most important
capabilities determinations
of BIM [58]. The use
about
of BIM sustainable
technology design solutions
can enable thewill be made
project team by leveraging
to conduct the capabilities
a life-cycle analysisofof
BIM [58].
building
The use ofincluding
systems, BIM technologythermalcanandenable
lighting thesystems,
project team to conduct
to generate a life-cycle
results that closelyanalysis
resembleof
building
real-world systems, including
scenarios [61]. thermal and lighting systems, to generate results that closely
resemble Thereal-world
potential of using BIM
scenarios [61].software and accompanying simulation tools to reduce a
building’s carbon footprint and enhance its energy efficiency, as well as to create sustainable
and green neighborhoods, is remarkable [57]. Construction projects can be analyzed using
BIM to identify their pros, cons, and potential. This evaluation should take into account
the financial, technical, and environmental impacts of the project [62]. In order to reduce
the environmental impact and streamline construction processes, the construction industry
The potential of using BIM software and accompanying simulation tools to reduce a
building’s carbon footprint and enhance its energy efficiency, as well as to create sustain-
able and green neighborhoods, is remarkable [57]. Construction projects can be analyzed
using BIM to identify their pros, cons, and potential. This evaluation should take into ac-
count the financial, technical, and environmental impacts of the project [62]. In order to
reduce the environmental impact and streamline construction processes, the construction
must embrace
industry the use ofthe
must embrace more
use advanced technologies,
of more advanced be creative,
technologies, and apply
be creative, andthem
applyto
regulations focused on energy conservation. This approach has been proven
them to regulations focused on energy conservation. This approach has been proven toto provide
a better abalance
provide and reap
better balance andnumerous benefits
reap numerous [89]. [89].
benefits BIMBIM
encourages the the
encourages utilization
utilizationof
sustainable technology that reduces energy use [63]. Moreover, “promoting sustainable
of sustainable technology that reduces energy use [63]. Moreover, “promoting sustainable
design” is
design” is needed
needed starting
starting with
with project
project delivery
delivery to
to meet
meet CO goals, and
CO22 goals, and BIM
BIM delivers
delivers the
the
required technology [54].
required technology [54].
Figure 7. Benefit factors sourced from the environmental aspect of sustainable construction.
Figure 7. Benefit factors sourced from the environmental aspect of sustainable construction.
3.1.2. Economic Aspect

The integration
integrationof ofexpertise
expertisefrom
fromdesign
design and
and project
project participants
participants enabled
enabled withwith
BIMBIM
can
can greatly
greatly improve
improve design
design efficiency,
efficiency, decrease
decrease construction
construction costs,
costs, promote
promote sustainability,
sustainability, and
and connect
connect projectproject
workersworkers to speed
to speed up project
up project activities
activities and maximize
and maximize performance.
performance. Sustain-
Sustainable
able practices practices
and BIM and BIM advances
advances can not can
onlynot
helponly help toCO
to reduce reduce
2 CO
emissions
2 emissions
and and
increase
energy efficiency
increase but also result
energy efficiency in increased
but also result in profits
increasedandprofits
an eco-friendlier environmentenvi-
and an eco-friendlier [67].
The [67].
ronment proper implementation of BIM can lead to improved performance and greater
efficiency throughout
The proper the life cycle
implementation of a can
of BIM project,
lead asto presented
improved in Figure 8 [9].
performance andBIM has
greater
revolutionized
efficiency the way
throughout thesustainable
life cycle ofconstruction
a project, asprojects
presented areinmanaged
Figure 8 throughout
[9]. BIM hastheir
rev-
life cycles. By
olutionized thedigitally managingconstruction
way sustainable all aspects ofprojects
a project,
arefrom the design
managed to its operation
throughout their life
and maintenance, BIM has improved project productivity, controlled
cycles. By digitally managing all aspects of a project, from the design to its operationcosts, and reduced
and
the risk of failure [72].
maintenance, BIM has improved project productivity, controlled costs, and reduced the
The
risk of AEC[72].
failure sector has endeavored to mitigate project expenses, augment efficiency
and excellence, and speed up project completion. BIM offers the possibility of attaining
these goals [68]. According to Rosen and Kishawy [56], BIM applications can assist in the
selection of an energy-efficient direction, which can lead to diminished energy consumption.
BIM provides an invaluable service to the design process, allowing for the formulation of
solutions that can both benefit the environment and increase efficiency [53,90]. Besides that,

BIM is a powerful tool that can be utilized to plan, coordinate, and manage the ordering,
fabricating, and delivering of all the necessary components for a building [9].
Figure8.8.Benefit
Figure Benefitfactors
factorssourced
sourcedfrom
fromthe
theeconomic
economicaspect
aspectofofsustainable
sustainableconstruction.
construction.
3.1.3.BIM models
Social Aspect enable project stakeholders to forecast construction needs, such as ma-
terials, equipment, and budget, as well as to plan and schedule sustainable projects [91].
Figure 9 presents the benefit factors sourced from the social aspect of the implemen-
The implementation of BIM has been proven to provide countless advantages for all of the
tation of BIM in the sustainable construction sector. The use of BIM is acknowledged as
stakeholders involved in sustainable building projects. This technology enhances collab-
enhancing resource management and safeguarding the safety of workers during construc-
oration, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness while also improving the overall sustainability
tion, leading to decreased waste and reduced exposure to hazards [60]. This is one of the
of the project [92]. It allows for the creation and management of project data related to
major benefits of a sustainable project, as presented in Figure 8. By providing an online
energy utilization, as well as providing precise workflow data in the project’s operational
platform
process [3].for
By collaboration,
implementing BIMBIM, improves the building
the cost of creating life-cycle
as-built drawings process, allowing for
can be significantly
smooth transitions between design, implementation, post-design,
reduced. BIM allows for an efficient and accurate representation of a building’s physi- and maintenance
phases,
cal comparedcharacteristics,
and functional to traditional methods
which can [83,84]. BIM applies
help reduce Information
the amount of timeandandCommu-
money
nication Technology (ICT) to facilitate collaboration between stakeholders
spent on creating as-built drawings [70]. BIM applications allow for energy performance associated with
sustainable projects, enabling the input, retrieval, exchange, and
modeling to identify ways of reducing energy demands while analyzing renewable energy processing of infor-
mation to
sources within
help the BIM system
decrease energy [3].
costs [56].
CI has a positive impact
The utilization of BIM analysis on society
toolsbeyond economic
can provide gain by
the design improving
team with thehealth
abilityand
to
well-being,
swiftly compareas well as providing
various benefits such
design possibilities as community
to choose the mostservices and enhancing
environmentally the
friendly
safety and
design and make
well-being of individuals
informed [81,82].
decisions [75]. BIMBIM can helpcan
technology green-building
play a major designers, con-
role in finding
structors, and administrators to improve the design, building, and maintenance
the most efficient ways to decrease energy and resource usage. It can provide insight into of eco-
friendly buildings [57]. BIM is an effective method for the smooth operation
the best strategies to optimize performance and save resources [58]. It is clear that making of sustaina-
bility systems
precise, and the realization
knowledgeable decisions aboutof thesustainability,
potential of sustainable
energy usage, buildings
and thethrough its set
environment
of applications
during the planningand processes
and design [3].stages
BIM technology
is of utmost hasimportance.
gained significant
Doingattention
so as soon in the
as
construction
possible industry
will result in a due
moretoeconomical
its capacityand foreffective
model visualization and the
sustainable design efficient man-
[58,74].
agement of building information
The contractor’s pledge to keep [3]. BIM can be utilized
the model up-to-date for with
the real-time
the actualmonitoring
building’s of
work progress, cost estimation, detection of construction deviations,
conditions affords the owner a 3D digital model of the building and its components, which evaluation of con-
struction
would quality, recording
be beneficial for futureofmaintenance
product issues, andand ensuring processes
operational the timely[9].
completion of pro-
Subcontractors
jects [26].
BIM is a centralized platform that provides participants with digital representations
of the structural and functional elements of sustainable construction projects, assisting in

the management of the full building life cycle from beginning to end [26]. BIM technology
is a highly beneficial tool for creating models, enabling the smooth integration of visuali-
zation and performance simulations. This allows for the gathering of the required data for
can take advantage of these BIM models for various installations during the construction
decision
process.making.
UtilizingBIM modelsenergy
BIM-based are able to be developed
simulation quickly
tools during the by a variety
design phaseofofstakehold-
low-energy
ers enabled with the BIM platform [86].
buildings allows for the prediction of energy savings [75–77].
BIM can offer a major advantage in sustainable and optimized design through an
Integrated Project
3.1.3. Social AspectDelivery (IPD) approach and by providing the necessary information
for improved
Figure 9 presents design
building and factors
the benefit performance
sourced [86].
fromBIMtheissocial
a platform
aspectthatof theuses ICT to
implemen-
promote
tation ofcollaboration between different
BIM in the sustainable stakeholders
construction sector.throughout
The use ofthe life is
BIM span of sustain-
acknowledged
able projects. By using this platform, it is easier to input, extract,
as enhancing resource management and safeguarding the safety of workers during exchange, and transform con-
information [85].
struction, leading to decreased waste and reduced exposure to hazards [60]. This is one
According
of the to Azhar
major benefits of a[9], BIM can assist
sustainable management
project, as presented departments
in Figure 8.inBy theproviding
facilitationan
ofonline
renovation,
platform for collaboration, BIM improves the building life-cycle process,enabling
space planning, and maintenance operations. BIM is essential for allowing
stakeholders
for smooth involved
transitionsin between
a project design,
to gain the advantages of sustainable
implementation, post-design,development
and maintenance [66].
The implementation
phases, compared tooftraditional
BIM can provide
methods a competitive
[83,84]. BIMedge for Information
applies constructionand firms, allow-
Communi-
ing them
cation to gain a greater
Technology (ICT) toshare of projects
facilitate in the between
collaboration marketplace by improving
stakeholders the com-
associated with
pany’s brand image and overall competitive advantage [87], which involves
sustainable projects, enabling the input, retrieval, exchange, and processing of information a promotion
toward
within sustainability
the BIM system performance.
[3].
Figure 9. Benefit factors sourced from the social aspect of sustainable construction.
Figure 9. Benefit factors sourced from the social aspect of sustainable construction.
CI has a positive impact on society beyond economic gain by improving health and
well-being,
3.2. Barriers toas well as providing
Integration benefitsinto
of BIM Techniques such as community
Sustainable Practicesservices and enhancing
in the Construction
the safety and well-being of individuals [81,82]. BIM can help green-building designers,
Industry
constructors,
This sectionand
willadministrators to improve
focus on organizing the design,
and assessing building, impediments
the identified and maintenance
in theof
eco-friendly
literature buildings
so that project[57]. BIM is ancan
stakeholders effective method
focus on for the
the most smooth issues
important operation of sustain-
encountered
when combining BIM and sustainable practices in CI. The implementation of BIM in its
ability systems and the realization of the potential of sustainable buildings through set
sus-
of applications and processes [3]. BIM technology has gained significant attention
tainable building projects is strongly encouraged due to its ability to foster cooperation in the
construction industry due to its capacity for model visualization and the efficient manage-
and coordination among all parties involved in the construction process and to guarantee
ment of building information [3]. BIM can be utilized for the real-time monitoring of work
progress, cost estimation, detection of construction deviations, evaluation of construction
quality, recording of product issues, and ensuring the timely completion of projects [26].
BIM is a centralized platform that provides participants with digital representations of
the structural and functional elements of sustainable construction projects, assisting in the
management of the full building life cycle from beginning to end [26]. BIM technology is a
highly beneficial tool for creating models, enabling the smooth integration of visualization
and performance simulations. This allows for the gathering of the required data for decision
making. BIM models are able to be developed quickly by a variety of stakeholders enabled
with the BIM platform [86].
BIM can offer a major advantage in sustainable and optimized design through an
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) approach and by providing the necessary information
for improved building design and performance [86]. BIM is a platform that uses ICT to
promote collaboration between different stakeholders throughout the life span of sustain-
able projects. By using this platform, it is easier to input, extract, exchange, and transform
information [85].
According to Azhar [9], BIM can assist management departments in the facilitation
of renovation, space planning, and maintenance operations. BIM is essential for enabling
stakeholders involved in a project to gain the advantages of sustainable development [66].
The implementation of BIM can provide a competitive edge for construction firms, allowing
them to gain a greater share of projects in the marketplace by improving the company’s
brand image and overall competitive advantage [87], which involves a promotion toward
sustainability performance.
3.2. Barriers to Integration of BIM Techniques into Sustainable Practices in the

This section will focus on organizing and assessing the identified impediments in the
literature so that project stakeholders can focus on the most important issues encountered
when combining BIM and sustainable practices in CI. The implementation of BIM in sus-
tainable building projects is strongly encouraged due to its ability to foster cooperation and
coordination among all parties involved in the construction process and to guarantee the
excellence of the results [93]. Despite the advantages of integrating BIM and sustainability
in construction projects, the construction industry still faces challenges in implementing
both concepts simultaneously in their projects [94].
Despite attempts to combine BIM and sustainability in building projects, the CI still
encounters issues of collaboration and coordination between stakeholders, as presented
in Table 3. This lack of collaboration and coordination is an impediment to the indus-
try’s successful integration of BIM and sustainability, as highlighted in [92,95]. Therefore,
Aksamija [55] and Olatunji, Olawumi, and Ogunsemi [95] emphasized the need for a col-
laborative work environment and a repetitive process of decision making within the CI to
optimize the use of BIM in promoting sustainability in the built environment. Liu et al. [96]
highlighted a variety of hindrances to the successful adoption of BIM in sustainable prac-
tices, including a dearth of a national standard, the high cost of implementation, a scarcity
of personnel with the right skills, organizational complications, and legal problems.
Additionally, the lack of standardization and regulations for BIM use can also pose
a barrier to its implementation in sustainable practices, as organizations may struggle to
navigate the varying guidelines and regulations in different regions or countries. Further-
more, the lack of skilled personnel, both in terms of technical expertise and knowledge of
sustainable practices, can also be a hindrance to successful BIM integration in sustainable
construction projects [97]. Additionally, the cost of hiring highly skilled BIM professionals
can also pose as a significant barrier in terms of implementing BIM in an organization [97].
While the construction industry recognizes the potential of BIM, it has yet to fully
adopt the technology. Much of this has to do with questions about the immediate advan-
tages it offers, especially during the planning phase. Additionally, some people feel BIM
does not significantly reduce the time required for drawing, leading to less demand for
its usage [97]. However, Gu and London [94] highlighted that the level of adoption and
implementation of BIM technology in the AEC industry varies among different countries.
This indicates that while some organizations may have a high level of expertise in BIM
and sustainability, others may lack the necessary knowledge and experience to effectively
implement these concepts in their projects [57]. In addition, there is a reluctance to adopt
new methods and practices among some individuals in the industry due to their adherence
to traditional ways of working [98]. Resistance from stakeholders who adhere to tradi-
tional working practices has inhibited a complete adoption of BIM and sustainability in
construction projects.
Traditional practices that were well-known among constructors made them hesitant
to use new technology such as BIM. The workers found it difficult to adjust to the changes,
as they were not able to see the advantages of BIM beyond the theories. Thus, they stuck to
what they knew best and remained in their comfort zones, refusing to move forward [97].
Ghaffarianhoseini et al. [99] found that the shortage of experts within the industry has led
to a lack of discipline-specific applications of BIM, preventing its full potential for energy
conservation and the promotion of energy efficiency in buildings from being realized.
To ensure that BIM and sustainability can be successfully integrated in the construction
industry, it is essential to invest in educational and training opportunities for professionals
in the field. Without this investment, the advancement of the BIM system in sustainable
building design and development will be hindered with the lack of qualified experts [100].
Aranda-Mena et al. [101] reported that the adoption of BIM would increase resource
necessities for carrying out a program, including costs incurred to deliver essential resources
and specialized software with specific characteristics. Despite the significant advancements
in BIM technology and its widespread adoption in the construction industry, research on
its impact on sustainable construction practices remains limited. This is likely due to the
additional resources and high economic expenses required for implementing BIM, which
may hinder its adoption in sustainable construction projects [102].
The lack of professionals who are knowledgeable and experienced in both BIM and
sustainability is a major roadblock to the successful implementation of BIM technology in
sustainable building projects. The literature review has highlighted that these types of build-
ings are a relatively new concept, and the use of BIM technology is still in its early stages
globally. This has created a situation where there is a lack of experts who can effectively
combine the two together and apply them to sustainable buildings [103,104]. Zahrizan
et al. [105] revealed that the lack of a developed framework or standards supported using
BIM to achieve sustainability, the absence of well-defined guidelines for utilizing BIM in
sustainable construction projects, and the limited participation of individuals utilizing BIM
in sustainable building projects are constraining factors for the successful adoption of BIM
in sustainable practices.
The lack of data exchange for operational management between BIM models and
energy analysis tools is a significant issue. Without a proper definition, the process and
workflow required for integrating BIM and sustainability into projects will be difficult
to achieve. Moreover, obtaining data from various stages of a building’s life cycle is
essential for the successful operation and maintenance of the energy systems used by its
occupants [54].
Utilizing BIM for an energy analysis is not without its challenges, such as the need
to use approximations for loads, air flows, and heat transfer. Consequently, the results of
simulations may be uncertain and unreliable [54,76]. A study of a university building certi-
fied as LEED Gold in the U.S. found that the thermal loads in all tested field measurements
were underestimated with Autodesk Ecotect, and 98% of the field measurements showed
overestimated illuminance levels [106]. Therefore, this issue can be addressed by utilizing
actual data obtained from buildings.
Adamus [107] suggests that the BIM data schemas currently available are insufficient
in semantically encapsulating knowledge related to sustainability. According to Bradley
et al. [108], methods like ontologies and linked data strategies are being used to incorporate
ideas like sustainability. Nevertheless, the implementation of such techniques requires a
significant level of expertise in computer programming.
The creation of a comprehensive plan is crucial to not only fully leverage the potential
of BIM but also to address longstanding deficiencies in understanding and practice. The
absence of a wide-ranging outline and implementation strategy for BIM will hinder the
success of utilizing BIM technology in sustainable practices [109].
Over the past decade, the utilization of BIM has expanded significantly as the con-
struction industry moves towards more advanced technologies to increase productivity.
Despite this, the potential to use BIM to advance safety on construction sites, particularly
with regard to temporary structures, remains insufficiently explored [110]. Kivits and
Furneaux [111] found that incorporating BIM technology in sustainable building projects
may present certain unmitigated risks, which could lead to increased legal responsibility.
The extent to which top-level management emphasizes BIM technology in sustainable
structure developments is a major factor in integrating BIM knowledge and sustainability
schemes. Conversely, if management perceives BIM technology in a negative light, its
implementation may be unsuccessful [3]. It has been discovered that the backing of senior
managers within the organization, personal motivations, and technical requirements impact
the decision of designers to adopt BIM [112]. Abubakar, Ibrahim, Kado, and Bala [98] also
emphasize that the neglect of senior management in combining BIM and sustainability
practices will impede the implementation of these two concepts.
The difficulty of getting practitioners to accept and adopt new technologies in ap-
plication management is an issue that cannot be readily overcome on a psychological
level. [98]. Technicians often exhibit a reluctance to the implementation of new technologies
and ideas, and this can present a challenge to the efficient utilization of BIM technology in
the construction of green buildings [3].
In order to create a successful sustainable design, a building’s performance must be
evaluated according to the various criteria set forth with BIM (environmental, social, and
economic). This information must then be incorporated into the design framework so that it
is possible to compare different alternatives [87]. The combination of Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA) and BIM offers a wide range of advantages and possibilities to sustainability practices.
By consolidating these two disciplines, handling a vast amount of data becomes more
efficient and comprehensive. Antón and Díaz [87] highlighted that the lack of consistent
sustainability and BIM criteria and measures might impede the successful combination of
these two fields. Table 3 summarizes the challenging constraints for the integration of BIM
techniques into sustainable practices in the CI.
Table 3. Challenging constraints for integration of BIM techniques into sustainable practices in the
construction industry.
Barriers References
1. Lack of collaborative working environment [55,95]
2. High cost of application [96]
3. Lack of skilled personnel [96]
4. High cost of training staff [97]
5. High cost of BIM experts [97]
6. Market readiness for innovation [94,97]
The industry’s reluctance to move away from traditional
7. [3,97,98]
methods of working
8. Lack of experts [99,100,103,104]
Recurring need for additional and associated resources
9. [101]
and high economic expenses
Limited studies on the application of BIM in eco-friendly
10. [102]
building construction
Absence of well-defined guidelines for utilizing BIM in
11. [105]
sustainable construction projects
Limited participation of individuals utilizing BIM in
12. [105]
sustainable building projects
Absence of a well-defined method for exchanging
13. [54]
operational management data
Table 3. Cont.
Barriers References
A lack of comprehension of the steps and activities
14. [54]
needed for BIM and ecological sustainability
Inaccurate energy analysis predictions using BIM in
15. [54,76,106]
eco-friendly buildings
Insufficient BIM data structures to accurately capture
16. [107,113]
sustainability-related information
Lack of a comprehensive framework and implementation
17. [109]
plan
Uncontrolled application risk of BIM technology in
18. [111]
sustainable buildings
19. Increased liability [111]
Lack of senior management support and attention toward
20. [3,98,112]
integration of BIM and sustainability practices
Non-uniformity of sustainability and BIM evaluation
21. [87]
criteria and measures
4. Integration between BIM and Sustainability

According to Eleftheriadis et al. [114], integrating BIM with sustainability during the
construction process has many benefits and could lead to more efficient and less expensive
work processes in the fields of engineering and sustainable energy. For this section, a
literature review of previous studies on the correlation between BIM and sustainability
within the construction industry was conducted. We also sought to identify potential
advantages of applying BIM principles to sustainability practices in the CI as well as
problematic integration barriers. Finally, this section focuses on the important success
elements for effective BIM and sustainability integration.
The use of BIM applications has become more viable in recent years because of techno-
logical advancements and an increase in usage [86]. BIM is a widely accepted technology
that is widely used in sustainable buildings, particularly for energy efficiency, thermal
flows, lighting patterns, and other sustainability measures [54]. In addition, BIM is a power-
ful tool for project life-cycle management. It creates an information-sharing platform using
application software, enabling stakeholders to easily visualize the construction project
and make more effective decisions [115]. Previous research has demonstrated the positive
impact of utilizing BIM technology on waste reduction in sustainable construction projects,
as it facilitates the more efficient management of materials and resources. A BIM-based
algorithm was developed by Akinade et al. [116] to quantify the de-constructability of
building designs.
It is possible to optimize the energy performance of a building using BIM; therefore,
BIM and sustainability goal integration can contribute to reducing its environmental,
economic, and societal adverse impact, as presented in Figure 10. Dofaigh et al. [114] could
decrease the environmental load and cost burden by 40% in comparison to a traditional
building shape and orientation. In addition, Wang et al. [117] established parameters to
assess environmental impact, utilizing a BIM-based energy analysis simulation program to
review the environmental effects of multiple building materials.
According to Barlish and Sullivan [118], BIM can improve the quality of design data,
reduce costs associated with a construction process, coordinate information among players
involved in a project, help with sustainable engineering, and speed up the completion of
a building project. Huang et al. [119] emphasized the capabilities of BIM in managing
industrial parks in Taiwan throughout their life cycles. BIM was complemented with
additional related tools such as GIS, visualization, and navigation solutions to manage
these parks, enabling efficient real-time monitoring, feedback, and communication.
Adamus [107] concluded that the potential advantages of full compatibility between
BIM design and analysis utilities are evident in the assessment of some BIM-based sus-
tainability analysis tools. Using BIM to identify possible problems with building design,
construction, and operation is one of its main advantages [9]. Nevertheless, Akadiri
et al. [120] view BIM as a useful tool for selecting environmentally friendly materials for
construction projects.
Zhang et al. [121] employed BIM to simplify workflow procedures. There are count-
less opportunities to integrate into several domain areas, including sustainability, project
management, procurement, cost management, and safety, before delving into the view-
points associated with putting BIM into practice, specifically as part of environmentally
responsible construction. An investigation of the potential for introducing sustainable
design in diverse scenarios, like those of architects and builders, was carried out by Bynum,
Issa, and Olbina [71]. Also, Kota et al. [122] examined the utilization of BIM to measure the
levels of daylighting in green buildings.
Alwan et al. [123] investigated how LEED assessment could be incorporated into the
BIM process, providing a solution to environmental design problems. The fused LEED key
credits and BIM technology make it easier to review building components and sustainability
criteria, resulting in a swifter assessment process than the standard one. Liu et al. [124] have
shown that employing BIM-based building design optimization to enhance sustainability
is much more effective than traditional design techniques.
Khaddaj and Srour [125] suggested that BIM technology can be used to simulate the up-
keep and renovation of buildings, and when combined with sustainable practices through
the use of relevant plugins or APIs, it can enhance the implementation of sustainability
measures in facility management.
According to Ghaffarianhoseini, Tookey, Ghaffarianhoseini, Naismith, Azhar, Efimova,
and Raahemifar [99], employing BIM could result in a decreased energy expenditure in
comparison to the traditional CAD approach during the post-construction phase. Third-
generation BIM models enable the efficient integration of data-rich details, which indicate a
focus on visualization, information standards, and collaboration to promote sustainability
in construction. Additionally, Gourlis and Kovacic [126] investigated how BIM could be
used to model, analyze, and optimize energy-efficient industrial structures. By leveraging
the BIM-to-BEM approach, they discovered that the combination of the two modeling
techniques could identify BEM requirements earlier, allowing for an uncertainty analysis
to be conducted at the start of the planning and development of a building in order to
maximize the building’s performance.
According to Ghaffarianhoseini, Tookey, Ghaffarianhoseini, Naismith, Azhar, Efimova,
and Raahemifar [99], BIM has been instrumental in helping project stakeholders increase
the efficiency of their design plans and achieve the Green Star rating in Australia. Gourlis
and Kovacic [126] suggest that the literature is becoming more captivating regarding the
capacities of BIM in sustainability in fields such as building performance. To maximize
benefits, the study suggests a more skillful deployment of BIM to more sustainability-
related areas.
According to Gourlis and Kovacic [126], BIM can help industrial building types reduce
their high energy consumption by simulating and modeling their energy requirements.
Additionally, the BIM systems’ capacity to include additional knowledge databases may
be useful when analyzing various qualitative metrics, such as certain social sustainability
factors. Gourlis and Kovacic [126] explored the capabilities of BIM in the modeling, investi-
gation, and improvement of energy-efficient industrial buildings. Utilizing the BIM-to-BEM
method, they found that coordinating the two modeling processes would uncover BEM
requirements sooner, enabling a greater analysis of uncertainty from the first stages of
building design in order to maximize building performance.
The adoption of BIM can improve construction projects in a number of areas, according
to research by Abanda et al. [127]. These categories include cost, time, quality, productivity,
process, and others. In comparison, Olawumi et al. [128] noted that BIM could be used to
encourage sustainable strategies in construction projects, such as tracking and analyzing
energy consumption in structures.
According to Röck, Hollberg, Habert, and Passer [85], BIM technology has the capa-
bility to generate and translate details regarding energy consumption, as well as provide
helpful work process information during the execution period of a project. BIM technol-
ogy offers an effective framework for exchanging information among all stakeholders
throughout the life cycle of a sustainable building, providing an ideal platform for data
input, output, and transformation within the BIM system [129]. According to Olawumi
and Chan [57], green buildings can be designed, constructed, and managed more effec-
tively with BIM, creating advantages for those involved in the process, including designers,
constructors, and operators.
According to Ismail, Ramli, Ismail, Rooshdi, Sahamir, and Idris [61], BIM technology
could be used to create a comprehensive life-cycle assessment of a building, taking into
account factors such as thermal and lighting systems and how they interact to generate
simulations of real-world scenarios. The implementation of BIM-based processes can
minimize mistakes and reworks, facilitating a faster and more straightforward path to the
ideal design. According to Manzoor, Othman, Gardezi, and Harirchian [26], BIM modeling
is beneficial for long-term environmental sustainability.
Figure 10. BIM

Figure 10. BIM and
and sustainability
sustainability integration
integration of
of aa construction
construction project
project [130].
[130].
Practical
Practical Implications
Implications
The
The findingsofofthis
findings thisstudy
studyhave
havesome
some applications for professionals
applications whowho
for professionals aim to
aimenhance
to en-
their organizations’ sustainability over time. The findings of the comprehensive
hance their organizations’ sustainability over time. The findings of the comprehensive review
re-
provide practitioners
view provide in this
practitioners infield withwith
this field a valuable knowledge
a valuable knowledgebasebase
andandmaymay
be useful in
be useful
establishing different strategies to further increase their productivity and sustainability.
in establishing different strategies to further increase their productivity and sustainability.
This
This study
study also
also offers
offers an
an integrative
integrative matrix
matrix thatthat can
can serve
serve as
as aa general
general rule
rule for
for the
the AEC
AEC
sector in various situations. As a result, business professionals may see where
sector in various situations. As a result, business professionals may see where BIM–lean– BIM–lean–
green
green integration
integration offers
offers strong
strong potential
potential forfor pursuing
pursuing more
more ethical
ethical business
business practices
practices as
as
well as for enhancing excellence.
well as for enhancing excellence.
From
From aamanagerial
managerialperspective,
perspective,it itisisanticipated
anticipatedthat there
that will
there be be
will an an
increased empha-
increased em-
sis on investing in information technologies, enhancing the development and training of
phasis on investing in information technologies, enhancing the development and training
employees within multidisciplinary teams, fostering leadership skills, aligning resources,
of employees within multidisciplinary teams, fostering leadership skills, aligning re-
and implementing systematic supply chain management. These measures aim to en-
sources, and implementing systematic supply chain management. These measures aim to
hance the value of construction projects and organizations. In addition, it is imperative
enhance the value of construction projects and organizations. In addition, it is imperative
to prioritize efforts towards the implementation of proactive solutions and innovative
to prioritize efforts towards the implementation of proactive solutions and innovative
methodologies and tools, as well as real-time systems, for the purpose of gathering precise
methodologies and tools, as well as real-time systems, for the purpose of gathering precise
data, with the aim of calculating dependable sustainability metrics.
data, with the aim of calculating dependable sustainability metrics.
5. Conclusions
This study conducts a literature review to examine the relationship between sustain-
ability and BIM. Each combination of the two concepts is analyzed, and the findings are
5. Conclusions
This study conducts a literature review to examine the relationship between sustain-
ability and BIM. Each combination of the two concepts is analyzed, and the findings are
reported. The study highlights the potential benefits and barriers of BIM for sustainable
project construction, demonstrating the strong connection between these fields and their
impact on construction-related activities. The study successfully achieved its objective
by selecting 36 articles associated with benefits and 34 articles associated with barriers.
These articles collectively identified 46 factors associated with benefits and 21 factors asso-
ciated with barriers. In addition, the integration of BIM and sustainability presents a novel
avenue for inquiry in the realm of sustainable construction endeavors and the following
conclusions can be drawn:
1. Regarding the environmental benefits, 16 benefits from 46 general benefits that en-
hance the implementation of BIM in the sustainable CI were obtained. Among the
factors, “Promoting carbon emission reduction”, and “Enhancing material wastage
reduction” are the top environmental benefits of implementing BIM in sustainable
construction projects. BIM applications can help lessen waste and minimize carbon
emissions by optimizing the design of the site and managing logistics efficiently.
2. Surrounding economic benefits, 15 economic benefits from 46 general benefits were
obtained for sustainable construction projects. The popular benefits of the application
of BIM to achieve sustainable construction were “Improving design efficiency” and
“Reducing the overall project costs”. The inferior benefits were “Encourage the
implementation of clean technologies that require less energy consumption”.
3. Concerning social benefits, it was observed that among 15 benefits, “Enhancing project
safety and health performance” was the most important factor, which can be achieved
by implementing BIM in sustainable construction projects.
4. The 21 barriers to BIM implementation also exhibited that the lack of experts was the
major barrier to BIM implementation in sustainable construction projects. Moreover,
“The industry’s reluctance to move away from traditional methods of working” was
also the major barrier that hindered the sustainable development of projects through
BIM implementation.
5. From the BIM and sustainability integration perspective, it was observed that BIM
has a strong implementation in life-cycle management, waste reduction, decreased
energy expenditure, and the planning and development of buildings. It also leads to
more efficient and less expensive work processes in the fields of building engineering
and sustainable construction projects.
Limitations and Recommendations for Further Research

In this study, the databases that were selected are subject to a constant update restric-
tion. The study has a temporal limitation as the data were collected on a specific date.
Additionally, there were restrictions on the choice of keywords that guided the searches.
This study specifically concentrated on peer-reviewed articles and conference proceedings
written in English. Other sources of publication, such as books and documents in languages
other than English, were not considered. Finally, the review was conducted using a com-
prehensive and systematic research methodology. However, the assessment of the articles’
conformity and relevance to the themes, as well as the subsequent selection of articles and
their interpretation, were also influenced by the researchers’ evaluation.
Based on the results, stakeholders should take into account the following recommen-
dations for the future research of BIM for sustainable practices in the construction sector:
subsequent research efforts should concentrate on enhancing and investigating the inter-
connections in order to identify tangible evidence and gradually validate the framework.
Further investigation is needed to determine the proper implementation of the integration
of BIM and green principles for the sustainable development of the AEC industry. It is
also essential to conduct research regarding industry standards and certifications that
are associated with sustainable construction, such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design) or BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental As-

sessment Method). In order to ensure compliance and streamline the certification process,
it is recommended to align BIM practices with the relevant standards.
Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.D.D. and B.A.T.; methodology, S.D.D., B.A.T., I.Y.H. and
Y.I.A.A.; validation, B.A.T.; formal analysis and data curation, S.D.D. and B.A.T.; writing—original
draft preparation, S.D.D., B.A.T., I.Y.H. and Y.I.A.A.; writing—review and editing, S.D.D., B.A.T.,
I.Y.H. and Y.I.A.A.; visualization, B.A.T., I.Y.H. and Y.I.A.A.; resources and supervision, B.A.T.; project
administration, B.A.T., I.Y.H. and Y.I.A.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version
of the manuscript.
Funding: This research received no external funding.
Acknowledgments: The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University
for funding this work, under the Research Groups Funding program grant code (NU/RG/SERC/12/11).
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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sustainability

1 Department of Building Engineering and Construction Management, Khulna University of

Academic Editor: Alan Randall

Received: 29 June 2023

Sustainability 2023, 15, 12466. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612466 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

1.1. BIM in Construction Projects

1.2. Sustainability in Construction Projects

1.3. Scope of the Research

2. Materials and Methods

Review Analysis Output

Screening of many sources

Figure 2. Research flowchart of this study.

Table 1. Selected benefit and barrier factor designations.

In order to identify barriers to BIM implementation in the sustainable AEC industry,

3. Results and Discussion

3. Results and Discussion

3.1.1. Environmental Aspect

3.1.2. Economic Aspect

Sustainability 2023, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 16 of 29

Sustainability 2023, 15, 12466 16 of 28

3.2. Barriers to Integration of BIM Techniques into Sustainable Practices in the

4. Integration between BIM and Sustainability

Figure 10. BIM

Limitations and Recommendations for Further Research

Environmental Design) or BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental As-

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