A PROJECT REPORT ON THE TOPIC

“SHIPPING” AT
KC JACOB AND COMPANY

DEPARTMENT OF LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT

B.VOC DEGREE COURSES 2022 – 2025
SEMESTER - 5

UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF SUBMITTED BY

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR JOHN NOEL DSILVA
JIYABENNY MUHAMMED ZAMAAN
ST.ALBERT’S COLLEGE PRANAV RAJU
(AUTONOMOUS), ALVIN JOSI
ERNAKULAM

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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this project report titled “SHIPPING” is submitted to the Department of
Logistics Management, St.Albert’s College (Autonomous). This is an original record done by
me under the guidance of Prof. Jiya Benny, St. Albert’s College, Ernakulam. The information
and data given in this report are authentic to the best of my knowledge. This report is not
submitted to any universities or institutions for the award of any degree, diploma, or fellowship
or is not published any time before.

PLACE: Ernakulam
DATE :. 1 – 11 - 2024
JOHN NOEL DSILVA
MUHAMMED ZAMAAN
PRANAV RAJU
ALVIN JOSI

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to begin by thanking Almighty God for granting me the strength,
wisdom, and perseverance needed to complete my internship and this report.

I express my sincere gratitude to Mr.Vipin who gave consent to do my internship work at KC

JACOB AND CO
I am glad to express my gratitude to Dr. Bijoy V.M Principal, St.Albert’s College (Autonomus),
Mr .Lynn Paul,Head of the Department and also to Asst. Prof. Jiya Benny for the advice and
guidance which helped me in the successful completion of the study.

I also express deep gratitude to my family members and friends for their co-operation
and helping who always needs.

PLACE: Ernakulam
DATE :. 1 – 11 - 2024
JOHN NOEL DSILVA
MUHAMMED ZAMAAN
PRANAV RAJU
ALVIN JOSI

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTERS CONTENT PAGE NO

1 Introduction 6
2 Industry profile 17
3 Company profile 24
4 Review of literature 32
5 Topic of the Study 42
6 Findings and Suggestions 44
7 Bibliography 46
8 Appendix 47

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 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

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1.1. Introduction

An internship is an experiential learning opportunity that offers an invaluable

chance for students to network and build crucial professional connections before they even
graduate. This was a great platform for me to learn more about a company and industry , This
prompted me to go deeper into the profile of companies. This was a great opportunity to learn
about a company and do this internship.
Ocean freight is one of the critical factors for solid global supply chain
management. It is the method of transporting often large loads of goods by sea – putting cargo
in large containers which are loaded onto vessels. Over 90% of all the world’s trade is carried by
sea. Ocean freight is the most common mode of transport that importers and exporters use. In
fact, a full 90% of goods are shipped by ocean freight and sea freight. The other international
freight transport modes (courier, air freight, express) are all faster, but they are also more
expensive. Smaller shipments, and products with a high value, generally go by these other
modes.
Shipping is the physical movement of goods from one point to another, such as the
moving merchandise from the warehouse to the customer. The shipping process follows the
manufacturing and the packing of goods and is controlled and overseen by a shipping or logistics
company. Shipping can provide efficient low-cost transportation, and its effective use is
important to the economic progress of developing countries, in terms of the economic
contribution and growth of their foreign trade, and their domestic production and consumption.

1.2. Objectives of the study

 To know about the functioning of the shipping and logistics company

 To understand important terms relating to shipping

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  To understand the role of freight forwarder in shipping
 To know about different containers used in shipping
 To study about different document in shipping

1.3. Research methodology

Data on basic of the source from which they are collected can be two types
They are :

1. Primary data

2. Secondary data

Primary Data

 Observation throughout the internship period

 Conducting interview with staff of the company
 Personal communication

Secondary Data

 From various websites

1.4. Scope of the study

This study helps me to know about the functions carried out by the company and also
helps me to know more about the shipping and logistics industry. The training program
aims at providing a practical experience on the basis of the theoretical study we acquired
in college. This program provides current college students, the opportunity to participate
in the field of their choice to receive hands-on learning about a particular future career.

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 By this trained and supervised experience the students are able to learn and gain essential
experience and expertise.

1. Over the academic fulfillment of project in FIFTH semester

2. They have an equal blend of theoretical and practical modules of logistics

1.5. Limitations of the study

 Detailed analysis of this study was not possible, because the company have limitations to
disclose some details
 Lack of co-operation from certain departments due to their work load
 Lack of time
 The information given by the persons may not be complete because of their work
schedule

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 Chapter 1
Industry PROFILE

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 Historically Shipping industry has catered to only domestic shipping
requirements, while the private sector companies like Great Eastern Shipping
Company and Essar Shipping are increasingly getting involved in international
cross trade.

Shipping Industry is meaning not only just vessels and tonnage. Shipping
capabilities of any country are not solely measured in terms of the quantum of
tonnage under control. While in knowledge based economy, soft intangible
parameters like human capital, information technology and expertise are
becoming increasingly important for increasing innumerable opportunities. Today
India has become the source of quality seafarers to global shipowners. Indian
shipping firms normally rely on the inherent IT skills of Indians to play a pivotal
role in IT activity involved in international shipping and the country can come up
with a business center for information processing requirements of the
international ship owners.

Usage of sea transport for the bulk cargo transport is the natural advantage of a
vast coastline of India. Due to the policy of liberalization, the Indian shipping
industry, major ports, as road ways have been given to the private sector. The
categories of ships are crude tanker, product tanker, bulk carriers, etc. All these
are brought under the Open General License (OGL) to facilitate acquisition at
competitive price.

History

The Indian shipping Industry plays a crucial role in Indian economy. As 90% of
the Nations trade by volume is done via sea. India has been the largest merchant

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 shipping fleet among the developing nations. The Indian Shipping Industry
supports transportation of national and international cargoes and also provides
various other facilities such as ship building, ship repairing, lighthouse facilities,
freight forwarding, etc. Indian Shipping Industry with emergence of globalisation
and liberalisation is firmly ready to acquire new dimensions in terms of demand
and infrastructural development.

In order to sustain itself with the stiff competition posed by foreign companies,
the Indian industry is striving hard to bring about rapid transformation. Over the
years the way cargo traffic was handled has changed. Initially it was by the
protected environment by the tonnage committee who decided as to what type and
size of ships the companies should be given a chance. Government subsidy
vessels were only assured for the Cargo was assured. Recently after a long period
of decline, both tonnage and fleet size have grown, with the addition of ships –
tugs, survey vessels, towing vessels as well as pilot vessels belonging to ports and
maritime boards. During April 2002 & March 2003 these were added. There are
as many as 55 shipping companies in the Industry, out of which 19 deal with
coastal trade and 29 are engaged in overseas trade. The rest operate in both types
of trade.

The Indian Shipping industry is governed by 3 separate Acts such as The

Merchant Shipping Act in 1958, The Inland Vessels Act in 1917 & The Coasting
Vessels Act in 1838. Most of the vessels are registered under Merchant Shipping
Act and are dealt within the sector, smaller barges and coastal vessels are
governed by the other two Acts.

Employment opportunities

The Shipping Industry offers job opportunities for thousands of people in India.
Shipping job is one of the oldest careers offered with charm, income and a unique

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 lifestyle. Usually Shipping Jobs in India are found in major cities with various
ports and even non-port cities like New Delhi and Bangalore. The jobs include
Merchant Navy Jobs, Cruise ship Jobs, Freight Jobs, bulk carrier companies and
oil tanker jobs. And even in many international cruise ship companies which are
connected to India there are other job like nursing jobs, cruise ship nurse jobs,
cargo ship jobs, marine medical jobs and cruise ship summer jobs in India.

Latest development

There are immense opportunities which are needed to be grabbed by the shipping
companies of India. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has to be imported to harness
India’s power and fertiliser projects. This plan would involve huge volume of
business for shipping industry amounting to several billion dollars. The process
would go up to the expense of US$200 million for one ship to carry LNG.
Therefore, an important step for the Indian shipping companies would be to build
strategic tie-ups with the foreign counterparts.

In recent times the importance of Indian Navy in the high seas has never been felt
so much because of the ongoing piracy activities off the Somalian Coast. Indian
shipping industry contributed 8% of the entire world trade in terms of volume,
which was the contribution of nominal 1.3% in monetary terms.India and China
were in the same position 30 years ago, but today China has raced ahead in the
field. Of the $30 billion freight market in India; only 8% of freight of Indian
flagged ships is carried. There is a lot of scope for growth in that area too.

Leading companies

 DHI GLOBAL

Dangerous Goods International (DGI) is a leading provider of

logistics services for dangerous goods and hazardous materials.

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 Since its inception in 1995, DGI has strived to provide the highest
caliber of customer service offered in the dangerous goods logistics
industry. Client satisfaction always constitutes the primary benchmark
of DGI’s performance.

DGI possesses extensive operational capabilities, sufficient to meet

the demands of all clients. DGI’s Logistics capacity comprises a wide
range of services including dangerous goods transportation,
packaging, packing, documentation, consultancy, incident control and
training. DGI also has a truly International footprint; with fifteen
offices located throughout Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Bahrain,
South Africa, Singapore, Nigeria and France, and with an agent
network covering 180 countries, DGI is well placed to deliver services
globally.

 TEAM GLOBAL LOGISTICS PVT. LTD

Team global Logistics offers solutions in various segments of logistics which

include Cargo consolidation, Freight Forwarding, Project Cargo Transportation and Air
Freight. The CEO of Team Global is Anoop Chandran.The Company was established in
the year 2005 and has emerged as one of the fastest growing logistics companies in India.
It has presence in 16 locations in India and employees more than 150 people.

 ALL CARGO PVT. LTD

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All cargo Logistics is the global leader in LCL consolidation and India’s first and largest
integrated logistics solutions provider, in the private sector. The CEO of All Cargo pvt ltd is
Shashi Kiran Shetty. They create services that are innovative and adaptable towards your supply
chain needs. Logistics is not just a service but an opportunity to create solutions that empower
businesses globally.They are a dynamic organization with a strong network of 300+ offices
across 160+ countries through ECU Worldwide. They are committed towards creating
benchmarks of quality and consistency to co-create value for all our stakeholders. They don’t
limit our challenges, instead we challenge our limits.

 DSV

Since our establishment in 1976 we have been through a series of mergers to maintain a
key position in the global transport industry. As a result, they have grown stronger and
larger. With the acquisition of ABX LOGISTICS in 2008 they have further strengthened
our position in Europe and doubled the size of the Air & Sea Division. It all began in
1976 when Leif Tullberg and ten independent hauliers established DSV, De
Sammensluttede Vognmænd at 13-7 1976 A/S. The company operated as a cartage
department for the owners and only handled contracting haulage and deliveries. With
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 offices in more than 80 countries and an international network of partners and agents;
they are a truly global player that offers services worldwideDSV is listed on NASDAQ
Copenhagen and included in the C20 index as one of the 20 most actively traded shares
on the Copenhagen stock exchange. DSV A/S is the parent company and our organization
is divided into three divisions: DSV Air & Sea, DSV Road and DSV Solutions.

 GLOBAL LINK WW LTD

Globe link WW is a leading integrated logistics service provider in India with activities
spanning across the logistics spectrum. Established over 2 decades back, Globe link WW
is propelled by a strong team of professionals with extensive industry knowledge and
experience across the multimodal transport arena. The CEO of Global link WW ltd is
Martin lenarin. It has emphasized over the years in maintaining the highest quality
standards and constant innovation/improvements are able to deliver the most optimal
freight solutions and superior service levels to its customers. The operations are spread
across 22 locations in India covering the various ports and important inland locations to
service the multitude requirements of the customers. Countries and in other locations
represented by well established Agent network. International Network work in close co-
operation linking the Globe in close unity and providing the same superior service levels
across countries.

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 Chapter 3

COMPANY PROFILE

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 KC Jacob & Company in Willingdon Island, Ernakulam is known to satisfactorily cater
to the demands of its customer base. The business came into existence in 1983 and has,
since then, been a known name in its field. It stands located at Opposite To Ernakulam
Wharf, Bristow Road, Willingdon Island-682003. Opposite To Ernakulam Wharf is a
prominent landmark in the area and this establishment is in close proximity to the same.

The business strives to make for a positive experience through its offerings. The accepted
modes of payment such as Cash, Cheques make every business transaction easy and
seamless, contributing to making the entire xocess even more effective. Customer
centricity is at the core of K C Jacob & Company in Willingdon Island, Ernakulam and it
is this belief that has led the business to build long-term relationships.

Ensuring a positive customer experience, making available goods and/or services that are
of top-notch quality is given prime importance. India's leading B2B market place, Jd
Mart ensures engaging in business activities is a seamless process for small and medium
enterprises as well as large businesses. In a wake to enable these businesses to reach their
audience, this portal lets them showcase their offerings in terms of the products and/or
services through a digital catalogue.

Other Services

• Sea and air freight

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 They offer a winning combination of ocean freight economy and air freight
speed, allowing you to take advantage of the speed of air freight and the cost
effectiveness of ocean freight, so that you can make the most out of the
combination. Our customers have benefited from our outstanding strength in
air and ocean freight as well as our real-time visibility services at every step,
from pick-up to delivery.

• Break bulk and project cargo

Project cargo handling is a specialized activity that involves packaging and

transportation of cargo from factory to project site through multiple mode
including customs clearance, project registration, route survey etc. Adding to
the stringent demands of this business is the fact that each contract in this

• Groupage and consolidation

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 We are committed to the customers’ needs who required a platform for their
small shipments and created our LCL box. We have owned many consol
boxes from/to various origins/ destinations and are part of a global agency
network covering all the major ports of the world. We operate in more than
300 worldwide destinations through our trusted network managing the entire
operation under one roof. We also create visibility throughout the process and
provide tracking to our valuable customers and agents.

• Warehousing

50,000 sq.m of Storage including Covered Storage and Open yard space in
Jebel Ali Free Zone that caters to many leading internationally recognized
brands. Their team of experts will take care of all your logistic needs
efficiently ensuring maximum output with minimum operational costs with
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 our state-of-the-art Warehouse Management system (WMS) which allows
digital coordination of stores, distribution centers, and Warehouses.

 Customs Clearance

Understanding local rules over the years, we have cleared all types of
shipments, both major and minor, for a variety of goods from across the world
with utmost precision. Being leading customs clearing agents our expert team
do a proper study of all local rules and regulations so that they can help you
overcome even the most complex matters of trade compliance. We identify
the demands, challenges and hurdles for your business and help you arrange
your paper work accordingly so that day-to-day formalities are met and
business flows smoothly.

Our in-depth knowledge and understanding of this sector has helped us offer
customized solutions to all of our clients so that they can reduce lead time,
optimize cash flow and minimize customs duties. With the required
documents, our team of dedicated professionals ensure end-to-end solutions
for both Import Customs Clearance and Export Customs Clearance in the
most cost-effective manner.

• Transportation

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 We offer comprehensive and diverse transport services, including container
transportation, flatbed, low bed, 5 tons, 7 tons, 10 tons, and other project
cargo movements. We offer expert services in Tanker and chemical cargo
movements.

• Removals

These services include packing customers’ belongings, solving the hassles of

documentation, dealing with customs formalities at either end, speedy and
safe air or sea freight forwarding with complete destination services to your
new house.

3.2. Vision

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 Their vision is to connect people, businesses, communities to a better future
through logistics. To provide the highest level of cost- effective and quality service. To
be the customer’s obvious choice by providing total logistic solutions through innovation
and reliable services.

3.3. Mission

To create a work environment that encourages employees to strive for

quality and excellence while providing high-quality service to customers under one roof

3.4. Organization Structure

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 3.5. Certification

Their continual efforts have been rewarded with an ISO 9001 : 2000
certification for Quality Management Systems, in all aspects of their business.

3.6. Competitors

There are a lot of related companies providing the same logistics work
all around the world.

3.7. Swoc Analysis

Strength, weakness, opportunities and challenges analysis is a technique

used to identify the external and internal factors that play a part in whether a business venture or
product can reach it’s objectives. Strength and weakness are internal factors, while opportunities
and challenges are external factors. The outcome of the analysis allows the company to decide if
it should proceed and – if so – to build a strategic plan.

Strength

 Company provides good working environment to the employees.

 They provide efficient customer service.
 They have a good brand reputation in the field of logistics.
 A very good technical team is there.
 A very friendly atmosphere is there.

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 Weakness

 Lack of employees.
 Location of the company is not accessible.
 Poor communication with trainees.

Opportunities

 Emerging government support in the field of logistics.

 Increasing number of global trades and shipments.
 Because of good network they can open several branches worldwide.
 More job opportunities for beginners.

Challenges

 Changes in customs export and import laws.

 Issues related with government clearance and permit.
 Increasing number of competitors.

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 Chapter 4
Review of literature

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1. "The Shipping Industry" by I. G. Goulielmos (2018) - Overview of shipping markets,
operations, and management.
2. "Global Shipping and Logistics" by D. W. Song and P. M. Panayides (2018) - Examines
global shipping networks, logistics, and supply chain management.
3. "Shipping Markets and Economic Analysis" by A. M. Cullinane (2018) - Analyzes shipping
markets, freight rates, and economic indicators.
4. "The Economics of Shipping" by M. Stopford (2017) - Discusses shipping economics, trade
patterns, and market trends.
5. "Risk Management in Shipping" by C. A. Pantelides (2019) - Analyzes risk management
strategies, maritime security, and regulatory compliance.
6. "Shipping Security: Risk Management and Vulnerability" by J. S. Burnett (2018) - Examines
maritime security threats, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies.

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 CHAPTER – 5
TOPIC OF THE STUDY

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 Role of a freight forwarder

Still, many manufacturers produce goods everyday and ship them overseas
every week. Once the cargo is ready to ship out, the manufacturers shipping representative
will contact the freight forwarder. They will provide relevant details to the freight forwarder
such as cargo readiness, trade under which incoterm , cargo volume and container type
required. So that the freight forwarder can check the rate and plan the shipment based on the
manufacturers need. The freight forwarder will contact the manufacturer with the sailing
schedule including closing time, ETD ( Estimated Time Of Departure ), transit time and total
charges. So that, the manufacturers can decide to book the vessel or not. If they are ok DO
( Delivery Order ) is given. Then stuffing is done. Stuffing are of 2 types. They are factory
stuffing and CFS stuffing

 Factory stuffing : When export cargo stuffed in Container at Shippers factory

premises with valid Customs permission and is Customs cleared from ICD’s.
 CFS stuffing : It is known as Container Freight Station. It refers to a warehouse
where goods belonging to various exporters or importers are consolidated (grouped)
or deconsolidated ( degrouped ) before being exported or after being imported.

Many importers and exporters prefer to work with a freight forwarder to leverage
their knowledge and connection. So that, the importers and exporters need to contact a
single freight forwarder. It doesn’t need the manufacturers to contact shipping lines ,
haulage providers and customs brokers to make their job done. Besides that, they will
also check all the required documents thoroughly to avoid errors happen. All the papers
must be perfectly correct to avoid queries by customs officer or be unable to process for
duty exemption due to errors found in COO ( Certificate Of Origin ). After drafting bill
of lading the cargo is gate in to port. The freight forwarder has to make sure VGM
submission and customs clearance are completed before departed. The freight forwarder
want to collect the bill of lading from the shipping line and forward it to the
manufacturer.

Sea export

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 Sea export is a method of transporting large amounts of goods using carrier
ships. Goods are packed into containers and then loaded onto a vessel. A typical cargo
ship can carry around 18,000 containers, which means that sea freight is a cost-efficient
way to transport high quantities over large distances. Sea export are of two types. They
are FCL Export and LCL Export.

 FCL Export : When exporters and importers send and receive large quantities of
goods by sea, they might use a shipping mode called FCL or “full container load”.

 LCL Export : The term LCL shipping stands for less than a container load.
LCL shipping describes sea shipping for cargo loads that are not large enough to
fill a full 20-foot or 40-foot shipping container.

FCL Containers are mainly classified into 2 . They are dry and reefer.

 Dry containers are a type of standard shipping or cargo container that

accommodates dry, non-temperature-sensitive shipments for the transportation of
coir, mat, dry fruits, cashews etc. It consists of ;

1. 20 standard
2. 40 standard
3. 40 high cube

 A refrigerated container or reefer is an intermodal container (shipping container)

used in intermodal freight transport that is capable of refrigeration for the
transportation of temperature-sensitive, perishable cargo such as fruits,
vegetables, meat, and other similar items. It consists of ;

1. 20 reefer
2. 40 high cube reefer

Other containers
 Open top containers : Open top containers have an open top covered by a
tarpaulin instead of a solid roof.

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  Flat rack container : A flat rack container is a piece of equipment used to ship
products internationally when the cargo cannot fit inside a standard container.

Major commodities exporting from kochi

 Sea food
 Coir products
 Spices
 Cashews
 Food stuffs
 Plywood

Major shipping lines

 MSC
 Maersk
 Cosco shipping lines
 CMA – CGM
 Hapag – Lloyd
 ONE
 Evergreen line
 OOCL
 HMM
 YML

Inner dimensions of containers

 20 feet – Length - 5.9 m

Width – 2.35 m
Height – 2.39 m
Load ability - 30 cbm

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 Tare weight. – 2500 kg

 40 feet – Length - 12.03 m

Width - 2.35 m
Height – 2.39 m
Load ability - 60 cbm
Tare weight - 4000 kg

 40 high cube - Length – 12.03 m

Width - 2.35 m
Height – 2.7 m
Load ability. – 60 cbm
Tare weight. - 4000 kg

 20 reefer - Length - 5.45 m

Width - 2.29 m
Height - 2.16 m
Load ability – 281 cbm
Tare weight – 2860 kg

 40 reefer -
Length – 11.59 m
Width - 2.29 m
Height – 2.40 m
Load ability - 67.7 cbm
Tare weight - 4420 kg

Common terms in shipping

 Inco terms - International commercial terms

 COD - Change of destination
 Transit - How many days taken
 TEU - Container
1. 1TEU = 20 feet
2. 2 TEU = 40 feet
 Vessel - Ship
 Cargo - Goods carried by a large vehicle like plane, train, truck

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 Vessel

A boat is called a vessel because it is a floating object used to carry cargo or

passengers. Vessels are of two types. They are ;
 Mother vessel
 Feeder vessel
Mother vessel
Mother vessel is big in size compared to feeder vessel. Mother vessels only serve
between major big ports. Mother vessels have the capacity to carry thousands of containers.
Mother vessel calls only main ports. The mother vessel covers large distance compared to feeder
vessel. Average capacity of a mother vessel is 10000 TEU (Twenty foot Equipment Units).

Feeder vessel
Feeder vessel is normally small in size compared to Mother vessel. Feeder vessels
serves between smaller ports and major ports. In other words, feeder vessels feeds cargo to
mother vessel from smaller ports to large ports for exports and from major main ports to smaller
ports for imports. Compared to mother vessel, feeder vessel is slow. Average capacity of a feeder
vessel is 300 to 500 TEUs (20’ containers). It is also known as shuttle vessel. This kind of
vessels are arriving at kochi ports.

Base ports

 Ports in Asia
1. Port of Singapore
2. Port of Shangai
3. Port of Thailand
4. Port of Besan
5. Port of Hong kong

 Ports in Africa
1. Port of Durban
2. Port of Richards Bay
3. Port Kenya Mombasa
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 4. Port Elizabeth
5. Port of Mossel Bay

 Ports in Europe
1. Rotterdam
2. Antwerp
3. Hamburg
4. Marseille
5. Amsterdam

 Ports in North America

1. Los Angeles
2. Long Beach
3. New York
4. Savannah
5. Vancouver

 Ports in South America

1. Santos
2. Colon
3. Balboa
4. Cartagena
5. Manzanillo

 Ports in Black Sea

1. Port of Constanta
2. Port of Varna
3. Port of Odessa

Incoterms

 EXW - Ex Work
 FCA - Free Carrier
 FAS - Free Alongside Ship

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  FOB - Free On Board
 CFR - Cost And Freight
 CIF - Cost Insurance And Freight
 CPT - Carriage Paid To
 CIP - Carriage And Insurance Paid To
 DAP - Delivered At Place
 DDP - Delivered at place unloaded

Among these EXW, FOB, DAP and DDP are the mainly using terms in shipping.

Important documents required

 IEC Code (Import Export Code): A 10 digit identification number that is issued by the
DFGT ( Director General of Foreign Trade ), Department of commerce, government of
India.
 DO ( Delivery Order ). : It is a document from consignee which orders the
release of the transportation of cargo to another party.
 Commercial invoice : It is a legal document issued by the seller (exporter) to
the buyer (importer) in an international transaction and serves as a contract and a proof of
sale between the buyer and seller.
 Packing list : As its name suggests, it contains information about the
contents of the exported goods.
 Bill of entry : legal document that is filed by customs clearance agents
or importers on or before the arrival of the imported goods. It is submitted to the Customs
department as a part of the customs clearance procedure.
 Shipping bill : The shipping bill is an essential document issued by the
Customs Service Centre after the exporter applies to acquire this bill. This bill facilitates
the exporter to get customs clearance, load the goods, and claim duty drawbacks.
 Shipping Order : A Shipping Order (SO) is a document issued by the
carrier that confirms a shipment’s booking on a vessel. An SO will contain the location of
the empty container for pickup, and may also contain booking details like the vessel
number and sailing time.
1. Bill of lading : a legal document issued by a carrier to a shipper that details
the type, quantity, and destination of the goods being carried. It is probably
divided into 2. They are house bill of lading and master bill of lading.

1.House bill of lading : Issued by the freight forwarders for their customers. The
shipper and consaignee will be the original parties.

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 2.Master bill of lading: Issued by the shipping lines. The shipper will be the
freight forwarder and consignee will be their agent at the destined place.

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 CHAPTER – 6

FINDINGS SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

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Findings

 They export more cargo to Jabel Ali, Dubai, Columbia.

 They provide shipping information by tracking the containers.
 They will maintain proper documents like bill of lading, invoice, packing list etc.
 Customers can track their shipments by using containers, bill of lading reference
numbers.
 They have a good bond with shipping lines.
 They have good industrial relations.
 The company ensures the satisfaction of their customers.

Suggestions

 A customer relationship manager can be appointed.

 More training and development opportunities should be introduced.
 Every documents can be kept at one place.
 Company can provide more facilities to employees like canteen, transportation etc.
 Company can appoint more employees in order to reduce the workload of current
employees.

Conclusion

I can honestly say that my time spent interning with KC JACOB AND CO. resulted in
one of the best summers of my life. Not only did I gain practical skills but I also had the
opportunity to meet many fantastic people. The atmosphere at the office will refresh the mind
and it made a positive vibe.
The main reason behind the success of KC JACOB AND CO is their strong customer
relationship and high customer satisfaction.

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 CHAPTER – 7
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Bibliography

Company profile

http://www.manchestershipping.com/
https://www.justdial.com
Industry profile
https://www.importgenius.com/
https://www.dgft.gov.in/CP/

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 APPENDIX

48
Questionnaire

1. Gender of the employee

 Male
 Female
 Others

2. Year of experience

 1 years
 2 years
 Above 2 years

3. Which shipping line do you prefer in shipping the products

 MSC
 Mearsk
 ONE

4. According to you, which is the most important document in shipping

 Bill of lading
 Packing list
 Both of these

5. Does your company track the cargo

 Yes
 No

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