06 APP710 SEL710MotorProtectionOverview r8

SEL-710 Motor Protection Overview
APP710_SEL710MotorProtectionOverview_r8 1
The SEL-710 Motor Protection Relay allows many input and output options for comprehensive motor
protection.
• Standard motor protection and control features. Protect low- or medium-voltage three-phase motors
with an enhanced thermal model that includes locked-rotor starts, time between starts, starts per hour,
antibackspin timer, load loss, current unbalance, load jam/stalled rotor, breaker/contactor failure,
frequency, and overcurrent, including phase, negative-sequence, residual ground instantaneous, and
inverse-time elements. Implement load control, star-delta starting, forward/reverse start control, and
two-speed control.
• Optional protection features. Use the SEL-710 with optional voltage and differential current inputs to
include rotor slip calculation, differential overcurrent (87M), undervoltage, overvoltage, positive
temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor over-temperature, underpower, reactive power, phase
reversal, power factor, loss-of-potential, and RTD-based protection. As many as 10 resistance
temperature detectors (RTDs) can be monitored using an internal RTD card or as many as 12 RTDs
when using an SEL-2600 RTD Module with the ST® connectors option.
The SEL-710 also includes Modbus® RTU, event messenger support, MIRRORED BITS® communications, load
profile, breaker wear monitoring, support for 12 external RTDs (SEL-2600), IRIG-B input, advanced
SELOGIC® control equations, configurable labels, and an SEL-2812-compatible fiber-optic serial port (ST
connectors option only).
Select from a wide offering of optional features, including IEC 61850, Modbus® TCP/IP, DeviceNet™, IRIG-
B time-code input or PTC (thermistor) input, 10 internal RTDs, expanded digital/analog I/O, additional EIA-
232 or EIA-485 communications ports, and single or dual copper-wire or fiber-optic Ethernet ports.
ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software reduces engineering costs for relay settings and logic
programming. Tools in ACSELERATOR QuickSet make it easy to develop SELOGIC control equations. Use the
built-in phasor display to verify proper CT polarity and phasing.
Built-in metering functions eliminate separately mounted metering devices. Analyze Sequential Events
Recorder (SER) reports and oscillographic event reports for rapid commissioning, testing, and post-fault
diagnostics. Additional monitoring functions include the following: motor start reports, motor start trending,
load profile monitoring, and motor operating statistics.
The slide shows a single-line diagram that will be used throughout this course. It shows a 12 MVA
delta/wye transformer feeding medium-voltage switchgear. The wye winding is grounded through a
resistor that limits the neutral current to 100 A for a maximum of 10 s.
The switchgear bus has open-delta-connected potential transformers (PTs). The motor circuit breaker
is equipped with 1000/5 current transformers (CTs). A 50/5 zero-sequence CT is installed to provide
ground fault protection downstream its location.
The symmetrical short circuit available in the bus is 20 kA.
One of the objectives of this course is to develop the relay settings to protect the 5000 hp induction
motor.
The slide shows the panel cutout dimensions for an SEL-710 installation. It also shows, in scale, how
the SEL-710 panel cutout compares with the cutout for two of the most popular electromechanical
inverse-time overcurrent relays. The SEL-710 and the entire family of SEL-700 series products can
be applied easily in retrofit projects. SEL offers a large selection of mounting bezels for the SEL-700
series relays.
Visit the SEL website at https://selinc.com/applications/mountingselector/ to learn more about SEL-

700 series relays mounting accessories.
The SEL-710 uses phase currents or phase voltages (if available) to determine that the phase rotation
of signals applied to the relay matches the phase rotation setting, PHROT. When you set E47T equal
to Y, the relay trips 0.5 seconds after incorrect phase rotation signals are applied to the relay. For
relays equipped with current inputs only, the trip will occur approximately 0.5 seconds after the
motor start is initiated. When the relay is equipped with voltage inputs, the trip will occur
approximately 0.5 seconds after ac voltages are applied to the relay.
The SEL-710 motor thermal element provides integrated protection for all of the following motor
operating conditions: locked-rotor starts, running overload, unbalance/negative-sequence current
heating of the rotor, and repeated or frequent starts.
The SEL-710 provides complete overcurrent protection with one set of three-phase CTs and one
neutral CT input. Phase overcurrent protection is provided for three-phase inputs. The following
instantaneous overcurrent elements are part of the SEL-710 base configuration.
Two instantaneous phase overcurrent (50P) elements. These phase elements operate on the
maximum of the phase currents. Peak detection algorithms are used to enhance element sensitivity
during high fault current conditions, where severe CT saturation may occur.
Two instantaneous negative-sequence overcurrent (50Q) elements. These elements operate on the
negative-sequence current calculated from the three-phase current inputs.
Two residual overcurrent (50G) elements. These elements use calculated residual (3I0) current levels
from phase currents for ground fault detection.
Two neutral-overcurrent (50N) elements. These elements operate on neutral current input.
One level of the inverse-time element is available for Phases A, B, C, and negative-sequence
overcurrent. Also, two levels of inverse-time elements are available for maximum phase and residual
overcurrent. These time-overcurrent elements support the IEC and U.S. (IEEE) time-overcurrent
characteristics. Electromechanical disc reset capabilities are provided for all time-overcurrent
elements.
The SEL-710 optionally provides two definite-time-delayed differential overcurrent elements. The
relay can be used either with core-balance differential CTs or with separate CTs on the source and
neutral sides of the motor.
The relay produces a trip if start motor time-out asserts and is included in the TRIP equation when
motor starting has not finished by the START_T time. The start monitoring is independent of the
overload protection provided by the thermal model.
The SEL-710 issues the command to switch from star to delta (wye to delta) as soon as the starting
current drops near the rated value in star (wye). The relay will make the change to delta within the
maximum permissible time for star operation (if used), regardless of the magnitude of the starting
current.
You can switch the maximum permissible time setting for star operation on or off. If it is off, the
change to delta is made solely based on the motor current.
The SEL-710 provides start inhibit protection when the protected motor reaches a specific maximum
number of starts per hour or minimum time between starts. Also, in certain pump applications, fluid
flowing backward through the pump may spin the pump motor for a short time after the motor is
stopped. Any attempt to start the motor during this time can be damaging. The SEL-710 prevents
motor starts during the backspin period. The relay will maintain the trip signal until enough time
passes for the motor to be safely restarted.
Relay phase reversal protection detects motor phase rotation and trips after a delay if phase rotation is
incorrect. The SEL-710 provides this protection even if phase voltages are not available.
When the motor is equipped with a speed switch, you may want to provide additional locked-rotor
protection by using the relay speed switch input. The relay can issue a warning or trip signal if the
speed switch is not closed within the speed switch time delay after the motor start begins.
When you connect the SEL-710 voltage inputs to delta-connected VTs, the relay provides two levels
of phase-to-phase over- and undervoltage protection. When you connect the SEL-710 voltage inputs
to wye-connected VTs, the relay provides two levels of phase-to-neutral over- and undervoltage
protection.
Four levels of secure overfrequency (81O) or underfrequency (81U) elements detect true frequency
disturbances. Use the independently time-delayed output of these elements to shed load or trip local
generation.
The SEL-710 provides two levels of definite-time-delayed positive and negative reactive power
elements. If the positive or negative reactive power exceeds the appropriate level for longer than the
time-delay setting, the relay can issue a warning or trip signal.
The reactive power elements are disabled when the motor is stopped or starting. These elements can
be used to detect synchronous motor out-of-step or loss-of-field conditions.
The SEL-710 provides two levels of definite-time-delayed underpower elements. If the real three-
phase power falls below the warning or trip level for longer than the time-delay setting, the relay can
issue a warning or trip signal. The underpower elements are disabled when the motor is stopped or
starting. These elements operate in addition to the load-loss function, and you can use them to detect
motor load-loss and other underpower conditions.
The SEL-710 provides two levels of definite-time-delayed lead and lag power factor elements. If the
measured power factor falls below the leading or lagging level for longer than the time-delay setting,
the relay can issue a warning or trip signal. The power factor elements are disabled when the motor is
stopped or starting. These elements can be used to detect synchronous motor out-of-step or loss-of-
field conditions.
When the SEL-710 is equipped with either an optional 10 RTD input expansion card or an external
SEL-2600 RTD Module with as many as 12 RTD inputs, you can program as many as 12 thermal
elements in the relay for two levels of thermal protection per element. Each RTD input has an alarm
and trip thermal pickup setting in degrees C, has open and shorted RTD detection, and is compatible
with the following three-wire RTD types: PT100, NI100, NI120, and CU10.
Additionally, the winding RTDs and the ambient temperature RTD can be configured and used to
bias the thermal model and thermal protection.
The SEL-710 trips for load-jam and load-loss conditions. Load-loss detection causes an alarm and a
trip when the relay detects such a condition. Load-jam protection trips the motor quickly to prevent
overheating from stall conditions.
Unbalanced motor terminal voltages cause unbalanced stator currents to flow into the motor. The
negative-sequence current component of the unbalanced current causes significant rotor heating.
While the SEL-710 motor thermal element models the heating effect of the negative-sequence
current, you may want the additional unbalanced and single-phasing protection offered by the current
unbalance element.
The SEL-710 records motor start data for each motor start. The relay stores the five latest motor start
reports in nonvolatile memory. View any of the five latest motor start reports using the serial port
MSR n command, where n = 1–5, and n = 1 is the most recent report. Each report consists of two
parts: a summary and the start data.
The summary shows the following information: date and time of the motor start, number of starts
since last reset, motor start time, start % Rotor Thermal Capacity Used (%RotorTCU), maximum
start current and minimum start voltage, if voltage input card option is installed.
The relay calculates motor start time from the time the starting current is detected until the running
state is declared. The %RotorTCU value is the rotor thermal element capacity used at the end of the
start, expressed in percent of the trip value.
The motor start data are taken periodically after the starting current is detected. The relay stores 720
sets of the data with the period determined by the setting MSRR (motor start report resolution).
The following data are stored: magnitude of A-, B-, and C-phase currents, magnitude of neutral
current, % Rotor Thermal Capacity Used (%RotorTCU), magnitude of AB, BC, and CA phase-to-
phase voltages (optional voltage card necessary), and calculated % slip for the motor (optional
voltage card necessary).
ACSELERATOR QuickSet provides a quick and easy way to plot motor start reports generated by SEL
motor control relays, including the SEL-701, SEL-710, SEL-710-5, SEL-749M, and SEL-849. The
plot on the slide was generated by ACSELERATOR QuickSet.
For each motor start, the relay stores a motor start report and adds these data to the motor start
trending buffer. Motor start trending tracks motor start data for the past eighteen 30-day periods. For
each 30-day interval, the relay records the following information: the date the interval began, the total
number of starts in the interval and the averages of the following quantities: motor start time, start %
rotor thermal capacity used, maximum start current and minimum start voltage, if voltage input card
option is installed.
Each time an event occurs, a new summary, history record, and report are created. Event report
information includes date and time of the event, individual sample analog inputs (currents and
voltages), digital state of selected Relay Word bits, event summary, including the front-panel target
states at the time of tripping and the fault type and group, logic, global, and report settings that were
in service when the event was retrieved.
The SEL-710 provides Compressed ASCII event reports to facilitate event report storage and display.
SEL communications processors and the ACSELERATOR Analytic Assistant® SEL-5601 Software
take advantage of the Compressed ASCII format. Compressed ASCII event reports contain all of the
Relay Word bits.
The SER report captures digital element state changes over time. Settings allow as many as 96 Relay
Word bits to be monitored, in addition to the automatically generated triggers for relay power up,
settings changes, and active setting group changes. State changes are time-tagged to the nearest
millisecond. SER information is stored when state changes occur.
SER report data are useful in commissioning tests and during operation for system monitoring and
control.
The SER report above was retrieved after an overload element (49T) timing test was performed in an
SEL-710 Relay set with the values derived in the next section. In summary, a positive-sequence
current equivalent to 200 percent of FLA was applied to the relay following a 2.3-second starting
period. The test quantities were applied to the relay with the stator and rotor thermal models in the
reset state.
The tripping time measured from the assertion of the RUNNING Relay Word bit until the assertion
of the 49T_STR Relay Word bit is 780 seconds. According to the tripping characteristic of the relay,
the expected tripping time for 200 percent of FLA load with the model starting from reset is
795 seconds. The 15-second difference can be attributed to the fact that the stator model was seeing
locked-rotor current for 2.3 seconds before the overload was applied.
tp :  33 • 60  • In
2 2
 02   795 seconds
2 2
 1.152 

06 APP710 SEL710MotorProtectionOverview r8

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SEL-710 Motor Protection Overview

The symmetrical short circuit available in the bus is 20 kA.

Visit the SEL website at https://selinc.com/applications/mountingselector/ to learn more about SEL-

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