2.1.1 Systems and Center of Mass

Daily AP Physics Notes: Unit 2: Force and Translational Dynamics
2.1.1 Systems and Center of Mass
2.1: Daily Video 1 In this video, we will describe what center of mass is and how it can be used to
describe changes to objects or systems.
Definitions of Center of Mass:
● It is the average position of the parts of an object or system, taking mass into account.
● It is the location on an object where, if a single force is exerted on the object, the object will not rotate.
● It is the location where the object or system would balance.
Fill in the equation for the center of mass:
mixi
am
mi
Examples with Single Objects w/ Uniform Density: Answer the following:
Where will the center of mass be located on an object

with uniform density?
Thecenter of mass of an objectwithuniform

density is located atthemiddlepointor center
ofsaidobject
Calculation Example:
Calculate the center of mass of the following system: a meterstick with a 200 g cylinder placed at the 30 cm
mark.
2
30cm 50cm
kg m kg m
x an
cm 0.36
Question: Why can’t you touch your toes with your heels against the wall? What’s a potential solution?
Our center of mass will be around our belly button. When your center of mass is not above your base (your
feet), you will topple over!
Takeaways:
the center of mass Xc of an objectis whereit wouldbalance

density
em is the midpointof anobjectwithuniform
is theformulaforcenterofmass
am
2.1: Daily Video 2 In this video, we will calculate the location of the center of mass of several systems
of objects and then check our results experimentally.
Make a Prediction: Where do you think the center of mass of the system will be when Edna is placed at the 90
cm mark?
3
ANSWERS MAY VARY
Recall: The equation for the center of mass: Scenario Drawing:
Example: Calculate the position of the center of mass of the system:
580g Xin 60g 50cm 620g 90cm
xcm 66
If Anthony replaces Edna on the platform, what will happen to the center of mass? Why?
twitter.at cossasanthon
II.EI
Verify: Verify your explanation above by completing the calculation.
Xm S8c
58
9606
12
4
Takeaways:
Learnedhowto useformulato find cm

4
In this video, we will show experimentally how the center of mass of a system obeys Newton’s Laws.
Question: When is an object in equilibrium?

a straightline
mooing at aconstantspeedin
Anobject is inequilibrium when it is atrestor
Question: If the cart moves to the left, what direction Question: If the track is moving at a constant speed
does the track have to move to maintain equilibrium of and Edna turns on the cart, what happens?
the center of mass?
If the cartgoesleft thetrackhas Thetrackwouldhavetospeed

to move rightThiskeepstheXomin a place upto keepthe ammoving in a
both
sides
withequilibriumon line
straight
Concept check: Why was the velocity that the Make a prediction: Will the speed of the cart be
photogate measured negative? greater or less when Bertha and her friends move
away from the track?
I the photogate
directionpast
I III main
What happened and why?
EE E E
Takeaways:
E
toconstantspeed in a straightline
motion constantlyandin a straightline
basemovesto keep am
stable bykeeping it in
5
2.2.1 Forces and Free-Body Diagrams
In this video, we will describe the forces exerted on an object using a free-body diagram.
Warm Up
Consider the following scenarios: What do those scenarios have in common?

● A rolling ball comes to a stop
● You push off the ground in order to get moving
on roller skates
● An apple falls from a tree
What is a force? What types of forces can cause a change to a

system?
Contact Forces: Field Forces:
Example: A ball rolls across the floor Example: A person lifts an object above their head
What is included in this system and how do these What is included in this system and how do these
components interact? components interact?
Free-Body Diagrams - Why?
Why do we use Free-Body Diagrams?

6
Free-Body Diagrams - How?
Example: A ball rolls across the floor Example: A person lifts an object above their head
Draw the free-body diagram: Draw the free-body diagram:
Example: Suitcase You Try!
Draw the free-body diagram: Draw the Free-Body Diagram for a ball rolling
down an incline without friction.
Takeaways:
7
In this video, we will examine the force exerted when two objects press against each other, which is called a
normal force.
Warm up: What is Normal Force?
What does normal mean in physics?
What is the symbol for Normal Force? Example: What are the forces acting on a balloon that
is being pushed down by a pizza board?
Draw the Free-Body Diagram.

or
You try! Example: What are the forces acting on someone

standing at an angle on a roof?
Sketch a free-body diagram for the middle book! Draw the free-body diagram.
8
Why does a tennis ball in free fall not have a normal What is the reaction force to the downward force of
force acting? gravity exerted on the toy pig by Earth?
Takeaways:
In this video, we will describe the rules for drawing free-body diagrams for forces at an angle, including on an
object sliding up and down an incline with friction.
Warm up:
1. Where does each force begin on a free-body 2. Why is the length of the vector (arrow)
diagram? important?
3. If a vector is at an angle, what must you do to the

vector before trying to find anything else? 4. What are sine, cosine, and tangent equal to?
Remember: Never Draw Components on a Free-Body Diagram!
If an object is not accelerating (in equilibrium), then the forces must sum to zero!
Question:
What is the tensional force acting on a stationary What will the tensional force be if that same object is
object if it is at a 30 degree angle up and to the right? stationary and a cord is pulling to the left horizontally?
Show your work. Show your work.
9
Video Questions:
Draw the forces acting on the block in the video as it is In which direction does the block have a greater
on its way up and on the way down the ramp. magnitude of acceleration?
Takeaways:
10
2.3.1 Newton’s Third Law
In this video, we will describe the interaction between two objects using Newton’s Third Law.
Warm Up
Based on the video, which cart exerts a greater impact What is a force and how do we describe them?
force as a result of the collision? Explain your
reasoning.
Neither car will exert a greater A force is a vector quantity
force as Newton's 3rd law states that that describes an in teraction between
forces are equal inmagnitude objects or systems
pairs of
All Interactions Happen in Pairs (Newton’s Third Law) Give an Example
What are the three characteristics of a pair of Give an example of a Newton’s Third Law Pair and
interactions? explain using a Free-Body Diagram.
Two cars colliding
I
Practice
Answer the following question and explain your answer.

11
Takeaways
when two objects interact they each exert a force on

each other pairs of forcesare 1 equal in magnitude 2 opposite in direction 3 sameinkind
2.3.2 Newton’s Third Law
In this video, we will explore Newton’s Third Law and consider how it explains the forces exerted by two
interacting objects.
Relevant Terms
What is a force? How is a force created?
1 minsterations A force is createdother

when any 2 objects
interact with each
Describe Newton’s Third Law:

Fote exerted equally on both
When 2 objectspush or pulleachother but lessmassive object is affected
theyare sharing a force more
Examples
If a person is holding a pencil, what direction are each Draw the free-body diagram for this scenario.
of the forces acting in this case?
Earth'sforce Fa
Gravity or
0
is pulling it down
handkeeping it Fg
repliedforce from up
When you step off of a boat on the water, what Why does this happen?
happens to the boat?
The For every action there

boatmoves is an equal and opposite
back
reaction
IE
12
Takeaways
Forceis one interaction between 2objects
2.4.1 Newton’s First Law
In this video, we will draw the free-body diagrams for objects in equilibrium, communicating the object exerting
and experiencing each force.
Review:
How do you know when an object is in equilibrium? How do you know Edna is in equilibrium?
when the net forces

on it 0
Free-Body Diagram
Draw the free-body diagram for Edna: What is the equation for your free-body diagram?
Solve for the force of the probe.
Fn Fn Fet Fg
Fet 6.2 8
Fe 1.8
Question:
Why were the forces balanced on the string even though the system was moving to the right?
because the forces wefed

They were balanced S Lequilibrium
Takeaways:
when objects are in equilibrium the forces acting on it are balanced

13
2.4.2 Newton’s First Law
In this video, we will discuss how to break forces into components for an object on an incline.
Cart in Equilibrium Components
Draw the Free-body Diagram for the cart on an incline. Break your Weight into components.
Equations Solve
Write out your equations for the parallel direction and Solve for theta (angle).
the perpendicular direction.
0.2 3.1 sin 0

Fn mgcosQ 0
Ffa mysin 40
Cart in Equilibrium 2 Components
Draw the Free-body Diagram for the cart on an incline. Break your Weight into components.
Equations Solve
Write out your equations for the parallel direction and Solve for the normal force.
the perpendicular direction.
Fn mycoso Fn C 5160522
Ft mysino fn 2
14
Takeaways
youhave tobreak angled vectors into their components

forcesare equalto theiroppositeforce
2.5.1 Newton’s Second Law
In this video, we will identify what factors affect the acceleration of a system.
Warm Up Review
How can you figure out the acceleration of the cart in What is Newton’s First Law?
the video?
An object in motionrest
Using the acceleration stays in motion rest unless acted
external force
equation a
It on
by
Newton’s Second Law
State Newton’s Second Law: What is Newton’s Second Law in equation form?
Annotate the equation.
whenthe forces actingon an object
are unbalanced the systemwillaccelerate a
Example:
Break down your net force into the parallel and Solve for the acceleration:
perpendicular directions:
In F Fr 9050 0
A main a EMEI
a gsino
Question:
15
Explain the correct answer:
EE in
increases a
Question 2:
Given the data table, what should we do with the What will the slope of the graph tell us about our
angle and the acceleration to show the relationship system?
between the net force and the acceleration? (How can As sin increases acceleration
T.is
we make a linear graph?)
S
E Ensuss E
Question 3:
Explain the correct answer:
while a is inversely proportional

to m in this case m cancels out
so it doesn'tchange anything
Question 4:
Why did the acceleration in the acceleration v. mass graph not decrease when the mass was increased?
m cancels out so it doesntchange anything

Takeaways:
a Em at EF
m mass
act In
a acceleration
F net force
16
In this video, we will discuss how the direction of a force relates-or doesn’t relate- to the direction of motion.
Review:
What is the definition of acceleration: (Discuss the direction and forces)
Acceleration tells how much an object's speed changes over a time

interval
Question: Question:
When an object is moving to the left, but slowing When the medicine ball is in contact with the scale,
down, what is the direction of the acceleration? but has not yet come to a stop, will the reading on the
scale be greater than, less than, or equal to 67 N?
Acceleration is in the opposite Why?
direction eights
Emeans the
di
forces are unbalanced
Takeaways
a does not always equal the direction of motion
In this video, we will apply Newton’s Second Law to situations inside of an elevator.
Warm Up
What is a Net Force? How do you find a vector sum?
the forces all the forces toxeter

theri Ii Effing
Net Force
If the net force is zero… If the net force is not zero…

doesn'tchange
forces are balanced forces are used changes
17
Practice (Elevator)
Why is the force constant at the ground floor and at Calculate the maximum acceleration in the elevator.
the middle floors?
tseeed forces
ftp.i.ES
Takeaways
Content Skills
net force and unbalanced

II na manual
forces
to estimate netforce
h
In this video, we will apply Newton’s Second Law to systems of objects, like an Atwood machine.
System of Objects - Looking at Individual Objects
Draw a Free-Body Diagram for Mass 1 Draw a Free-Body Diagram for Mass 2
FN FN
It
Fmig fins
18
Find the sum of the forces in each direction for Block Find the sum of the forces in each direction for Block
1. 2.
Fy 0 FN n
g Fy
O
FN Mag
Fr mg
Fr mzg
Efx Fo Fp mza
Fx Ft m a
System of Objects - Looking at the Blocks as One Object
Find the sum of the forces in each direction for the system.
FN Git Dg
Efy
0
e
If_
Fr Git Dg
Fo
Efx Fo m traa
miming
Atwood Machine
What is an Atwood machine? Because the masses are connected by the same
string, what will be the same between them?
lesseulley
Ain't
Atwood Machine - Individual Blocks
Draw a Free-Body Diagram for Mass 1 Draw a Free-Body Diagram for Mass 2
Ft
Fong
19
Find the sum of the forces in each direction for Block Find the sum of the forces in each direction for Block
1. 2.
Efm Mg Ft Ma Fm my ma
ft
The tension force can be considered internal to the system, so those forces will not be shown in the x and y
direction equations. Rewrite the sum of the forces as the forces in the system.
Efsys Mg mg Mtm a
Acceleration and Large Mass Solving for Tension
1.22
After graphing, the acceleration is: _________ m/s/s Go back to your original equations and solve for the
force of tension.
0.064 kg
This means the large mass is: __________
Fm Mg Ft Ma
Takeaways
I ve For individual forces
dontspiesteps draw FBdiagrams net forceequations
In this video, we will make qualitative and quantitative predictions about the tension in the string in a modified
Atwood machine and then measure that tension.
Two-Body Problem:
Draw the free-body diagram for the cart: Draw the free-body diagram for the masses:
20
FT
frog mog
Write the force equation for the cart: Write the force equation for the masses:
T m a mog T Moa
Jacob’s Law of Tensions: Solve:
What is Jacob’s Law of Tensions? Solve for acceleration and tension:
One rope one tension Mog m a mon

a issameby definition
a
T.tn
Takeaways:
110
2 body diagrams T is the same for both
2.6.1 Gravitational Force
In this video, we will define the gravitational constant, g, and discuss what determines its values at various
locations.
Warmup
Do you weigh the same on the top of Mt. Everest as What is gravity?
you do at home? between the centersof
No gravityaffectsyouslightlydifferent at thetop Theffen I sttestion
21
What type of force is gravity? What is the weight of an object?
A fieldforce no contacts
t.es itaitiotaiteta'sm i toEeienies
New Equation - Annotate
constant
unit iii
t.EE
Gmm
Fg
Esiia
Et E
Strength of a Gravitational Field - How do we know what g is mathematically?
An object in free fall near Earth accelerates downward at 9.8 m s
when placed in a g field with a strength of a an objectwith a

Fg mg
forceof mg
mass of m will experiencea
6m
Fg mog mog gone
Example:
Compare the value for g on Earth and Mars. Show your calculations. You may choose to use the factor of
change method, or determine the values traditionally.
Foc method 1 0.107 0.378

9 E 9.81Nkg 0.53272
It
measure
at it is.int
EE t E I tm
Practice
Going back to the warmup, is your weight the same at home and on top of Mt. Everest? Show your
calculations.
doesn'tchange
IIEEi m
22
Focmethod
0.998
a sea level
Everest 1.00 gg 99 t thatof g at
9.79 N kg Almostbut not thesame
Takeaways
Gravitationalforce force of attractionbetween am of masses

massive astronomical object
weight is g pull from a nearby
constant near a planet
9 is the stength of a g field
In this video, we will use the law of universal gravitation to determine the strength of the gravitational force
between two bodies.
Review:
What is the equation for the force of gravity? What does this equation tell us?
6m me If either mass increases the

Fg
g force between the two also goes
same proportion
6.67430 10 iskg s
2 up bythe
G
minz masses of the 2objects
r distancebeteen Xoms
Example 1:
A new planet has three times the mass of Earth and nine times its radius. An astronaut who weighs 450 N on
Earth is transported to the planet. What would her weight be on the new planet? Show your calculations.
Foc method
Mnew 3mearth 1 3
38 440 16.00
23
Example 2:
A satellite with mass, m, orbits a planet at a distance, r, from the planet’s center of mass. The satellite is then
4
moved such that it now orbits at a distance 3 𝑟 from the planet’s center of mass.
By what factor will the acceleration of the satellite change? Assume that the only force exerted on it is the
gravitational force from the planet.
0.56 Fg Fret ma
original
a 0.56 the
f ma
Takeaways
a m direct
For
A inversely
Fg 2
distance hasgreatereffectthanmass
In this video, we will predict changes to the gravitational force when density, size, or mass of an object changes.
Making Predictions
What will the new force be if they are separated by a Why does the force change by this factor?
distance of 3r?
the original tone

ie FiEE
taFg
Example:
How does density affect gravitational force? What will the gravitational force be between the soccer
ball and a planet that has a radius that is half the
d so changin density or size Earth’s but a density that is twice the Earth’s?
changes the mass increases
if.EE EiE iQe

d
24
Takeaways
focus on relationships not calculations

use coefficients to find a multiplier for anunknown
In this video, we will use free-body diagrams to explain apparent weightlessness on zero-gravity flights and in
space stations.
Warm Up
Are astronauts really weightless? Use your skills from the previous videos to answer this question.
gravitationalpull on the astronauts

No Thereis still a
EE 88 of wigger
Review Review
What is the equation for calculating gravity? (Not the Annotate the equation:
force of gravity)
cations
i mass ofplanet
9
g Et pg gyp
it
Apparent Weight
What does your apparent weight depend on?
It depends on the amount of normalforceyou experience
Weightlessness
When does an object appear to be weightless?

s mansothattse
Y s's ii Ee i.gr t itforce
25
Astronauts Free-Fall
Why do the astronauts appear weightless? What forces act on an object in free-fall?
The only force exerted on them Only gravityactson it

isgravity
Takeaways
Apparentweightis the amount of Fn it experiences
weightlesses
I
In this video, we will distinguish between gravitational and inertial mass.
Warm Up
How many objects is the gravitational force between? The magnitude of the force of gravity depends on
what?
Two and only two
Ontheproduct of the two masses
Inertia Mass
Define inertia. Define mass.

object
theamount ofmatterthatmakesup
resists acceleration an
Howmuch anobject
Weight Example
What does an object’s weight depend on? Would a 100 kg box or a 10 kg box have a greater
inertial mass? Which is harder to accelerate or steer?
mass and the total
I It 100ng ishardertoaccelerate duetohavingmoemass
Question
Why can you cancel the gravitational mass and inertial mass in equations?
mass and i masshasfoundthem tobe
equal
All experiments designed to compare g
26
Content: Today you learned… Skills: Today you learned…
Mass matterthat
makesup something
Mass does gravity

Mass does inertia J ieieeiiiz.mn
2.7.1 Kinetic and Static Friction
In this video, we will define friction and discuss the difference between static and kinetic friction.
Friction
Define friction. List and define the two types of friction.
Friction
What force causes a truck to start moving from rest? Draw the free-body diagram for this newly accelerating
truck.
What if there is a crate in the truck? Draw the What law is shown in this situation?
free-body diagrams for both the truck and the crate.
27
Which of the two types of friction can When static friction reaches its peak, what happens?
increase/decrease?
Takeaways
In this video, we will determine what factors affect the magnitude of friction between two surfaces.
Brainstorm
You are tasked with determining what factors affect the magnitude of friction between two surfaces.
1. What different things would you test?
2. How would you determine the frictional force between the two surfaces?
3. What equipment would you need?
What can we change? What are we focusing on?
Outline a Procedure
In the table below, outline a procedure you could use to determine whether velocity affects the frictional force
between a block and a lab table.
28
● With another color, revise your answer above based on the AP Classroom video.
Analysis Relationship
How would you analyze your data to determine the What is the relationship between the force of friction
relationship between velocity and kinetic friction? and velocity?
Explain
What are the two things that affect the magnitude of a How do these two factors affect the frictional force?
frictional force?
29
Takeaways
In this video, we will experimentally determine the coefficient of kinetic friction on an incline.
Review
Draw the forces on the box as it slides down the ramp Use Newton’s Second Law to derive an equation for
and is speeding up. the acceleration of the box down the incline in terms of
m, µ𝑘, θ, and fundamental constants.
Experimental Procedure
Outline a procedure you could use to determine the coefficient of kinetic friction on an incline.
30
Data & Analysis
What should you do with the data you collected to What is your µ𝑘? Show your calculations.
determine the coefficient of kinetic friction?
Takeaways
31
2.8.1 Spring Forces
In this video, we will discuss multiple experimental methods of measuring a spring constant.
Basics
If a spring is stiffer or is harder to pull, does it have a What variable denotes a spring constant?
higher or lower spring constant?
springconstant is denotedbythe
variable
Thestifferthehigherthespringconstant K
What’s the equation for the force of a spring? Annotate What are the units for k?
this equation.
distance
Newtons per meter
Eyestatuettes stretchitten
p N m
F Kx
springconstant
Experimental Design
What was Anthony’s procedure? What was Edna’s procedure?
g a spring anda massonthestrina s a springscale

measuredistancestretched diffeent
measureresult
force on stringhorizontally
hang differentmasses to megge
found 20fork slope is k
graphresults
found18for k
What was Anthony’s Second procedure? What was Bertha’s Second procedure?
a digitalforceprobe aÉspringfromforceprobe
force on a proberelated to tenth of
meeee p test I s fork
find 2 valuesandaveragethem found 18fork
21 for k
Takeaways
F Kx
Beable to find k on Af Exam
32
2.8.2 Spring Forces
In this video, we will investigate experimentally whether a rubber band obeys the same force vs. distance
relationship as does an ideal spring.
Review
For an ideal spring, what does a force vs. distance What equation would allow you to find the spring
graph look like? F Ideal constant?
A straightline lineargraph
p f Kx or K E fatality
Experimental Design Best Fit Line
Why was Bertha’s experimental design the best? Since Bertha can’t draw a best fit line through the
many data points that she collected, do rubber bands
manydata points thatitwas
She obey the F = kx equation?
No it doesn'tbecause
Takeaways
2.9.1 Circular Motion
In this video, we will draw free-body diagrams for objects moving in circular paths and determine what causes
the acceleration of the objects.
Warm Up: In what direction do you exert a force on each object to make it move in a circular path?
You attach a washer to a string and spin it in a circular You use a broomstick to push a ball around a round
path around your head. trash can.
You roll a marble along the edge of a circular plate.
Review:
We know that an object has accelerated if it has We know that in order for an object to accelerate, it
33
experienced a change in its velocity. What is the must experience a nonzero net force. What is the
equation for this relationship? equation for this relationship?
Example:
How do we know that the Earth is accelerating as it is Define the direction of acceleration.
moving around the sun?
In what direction is the change in velocity pointing? Define centripetal acceleration.
What causes the centripetal acceleration in this case

of the sun and the earth?
Takeaways
In this video, we will discuss how forces acting perpendicular or parallel to displacement affect the motion of an
object.
Review
What causes change in motion?

34
Car Example
What happens if we combine the forward parallel What do parallel forces do to an object?
frictional force with the sideways perpendicular
frictional force to the left?
What do perpendicular forces do to an object? Define tangential acceleration.
Define centripetal acceleration. Define net acceleration for an object moving in a

circle.
Block Example
Draw the vectors for the forces, velocity, centripetal Draw the vectors for the forces, velocity, centripetal
acceleration, tangential acceleration, and net acceleration, tangential acceleration, and net
acceleration for the block when it is at the 2:00 acceleration for the block when it is at the 7:00
position. position.
Write Newton's Second Law equations for the

tangential and centripetal accelerations.
Marble Roller Coaster Example
Describe the marble’s motion as it rolls along the Draw the free-body diagram for the marble at the low
track. point in the dip.
35
Draw the free-body diagram for the marble at the top At which point is the normal force greater? Why?
of the last hill.
Takeaways
In this video, we will describe the relationships between net force, speed, mass, and radius in circular motion.
Recall: Fill in the blanks.
● An object moving in a circular path is ___________even if it’s moving at a constant speed. The direction
of the acceleration vector is towards the _________ of the circular path. This acceleration is called
_______________________.
● Centripetal acceleration is caused by the ____________exerted on an object (a result of a single force

or multiple forces) pointed towards the center of the object's circular path.
Circular Force Lab
What are the variables you can change? What can you measure?
36
Equation Solve Equation
Annotate the Equation for Centripetal Acceleration Solve the previous equation for the net force using
m,v, and r.
Example: Turntable
Based on the turntable example, determine the If a coin is placed at a new distance 2r, and another
force(s) that are responsible for its acceleration. Draw identical coin is glued to it, how does the magnitude of
the free-body diagrams. the force required to keep the coins moving at the
same speed, v, in the circular path without slipping
compare to the initial conditions?
Takeaways
37
In this video, we will make semi-quantitative predictions about circular orbits.
Recall:
List and Annotate the Newton’s Law of Universal 2

𝑣
Why is the acceleration equal to in this case?
Gravitation Equation. 𝑟
Equation Manipulation Mass
What is the equation for the speed of an object in How does halving the mass change the speed?
relation to the radius and mass? Support your answer with mathematics.
Equation Manipulation Radius Equation Manipulation Mass of Planet
How does halving the radius change the speed? How does halving the mass of the planet change the
Support your answer with mathematics. speed? Support your answer with mathematics.
Takeaways
38
In this video, we will derive Kepler’s Third Law and investigate the relationships it predicts.
Explanation
The force of gravity = What’s the relationship between the sum of the forces
and Newton's second law when it comes to the force
of gravity?
Example 1 Example 2
Do objects further away from the source of gravity What is Kepler’s Third Law?
orbit faster or slower than those that are closer? Why?
Example 2 (Continued)
What is a period, T? What is the shorthand for Kepler’s Third Law?
Content: Today you learned… Skills: Today you learned…

2.1.1 Systems and Center of Mass

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2.1.1 Systems and Center of Mass

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2.1.1 Systems and Center of Mass

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Daily AP Physics Notes: Unit 2: Force and Translational Dynamics

2.1.1 Systems and Center of Mass

Definitions of Center of Mass:

Fill in the equation for the center of mass:

Examples with Single Objects w/ Uniform Density: Answer the following:

Where will the center of mass be located on an object

Thecenter of mass of an objectwithuniform

the center of mass Xc of an objectis whereit wouldbalance

2.1.2 Systems and Center of Mass

Recall: The equation for the center of mass: Scenario Drawing:

Example: Calculate the position of the center of mass of the system:

580g Xin 60g 50cm 620g 90cm

Learnedhowto useformulato find cm

2.1.3 Systems and Center of Mass

Question: When is an object in equilibrium?

If the cartgoesleft thetrackhas Thetrackwouldhavetospeed

What happened and why?

2.2.1 Forces and Free-Body Diagrams

Consider the following scenarios: What do those scenarios have in common?

What is a force? What types of forces can cause a change to a

Contact Forces: Field Forces:

Free-Body Diagrams - Why?

Why do we use Free-Body Diagrams?

Draw the free-body diagram: Draw the free-body diagram:

Example: Suitcase You Try!

2.2.2 Forces and Free-Body Diagrams

Warm up: What is Normal Force?

What does normal mean in physics?

Draw the Free-Body Diagram.

You try! Example: What are the forces acting on someone

2.2.3 Forces and Free-Body Diagrams

3. If a vector is at an angle, what must you do to the

Remember: Never Draw Components on a Free-Body Diagram!

2.3.1 Newton’s Third Law

All Interactions Happen in Pairs (Newton’s Third Law) Give an Example

Two cars colliding

Answer the following question and explain your answer.

when two objects interact they each exert a force on

2.3.2 Newton’s Third Law

What is a force? How is a force created?

1 minsterations A force is createdother

interact with each

Describe Newton’s Third Law:

The For every action there

Forceis one interaction between 2objects

2.4.1 Newton’s First Law

when the net forces

because the forces wefed

when objects are in equilibrium the forces acting on it are balanced

2.4.2 Newton’s First Law

Cart in Equilibrium Components

0.2 3.1 sin 0

youhave tobreak angled vectors into their components

2.5.1 Newton’s Second Law

Newton’s Second Law

Explain the correct answer:

while a is inversely proportional

m cancels out so it doesntchange anything

2.5.2 Newton’s Second Law