Strings in PHP

Nowdocs are to single-quoted strings what heredocs are to double-quoted strings. A

nowdoc is specified similarly to a heredoc, but no parsing is done inside a nowdoc. The
construct is ideal for embedding PHP code or other large blocks of text without the need for
escaping.
In other words:
$foo = 'bar';
$here = <<<HERE
I'm here , $foo !
HERE;
$now = <<<'NOW'
I'm now , $foo !
NOW;
$here is "I'm here , bar !", while $now is "I'm now , $foo !".

Function Purpose
Addcslashes addcslashes function will add backslash
Syntax : string addcslashes (string, charlist); before the specified characters
Parameter : in charlist parameter for the string.
 string – This is
a Required parameter. which needs to Example:
be escaped. echo addcslashes("Hi from Subodh ","o");
 charlist – This is Output
a Required parameter. It can have one “Hi fr\om Sub\odh “.
characters or collection of characters. echo addcslashes($strExample,'A..Z')."<br>";
echo addcslashes($strExample,'a..z')."<br>";
\Hi from \Subodh
H\i \f\r\o\m S\u\b\o\d\h

Addslashes addslashes function will add backslash ( \ )

Syntax : string addslashes(string); before the predefined characters.
The predefined characters are:
 single quote (‘)
 double quote (“)
 backslash (\)
 NULL
Example
echo addslashes('Hi "from" Subodh.');
output
Hi \”from\” Subodh
bin2hex bin2hex function will converts a string of
string bin2hex (string); ASCII characters to hexadecimal values. The
string can be converted back using the pack()
function.
chop or rtrim chop function will remove predefined
string chop (string, charlist); characters or specified characters in charlist if
string – String to check. any from the right end of a string. This function

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charlist – Optional. This is optional is an alias of- rtrim() function.
parameter, If any value is provided, then example
specified characters will be removed from echo chop(“hello “);
right of a string. output
The following characters are removed if the hello
charlist parameter is empty: echo chop(“hello”,”0”);
 “\0” – NULL output
 “\t” – tab hell
 “\n” – new line
 “\r” – carriage return
 ” ” – ordinary white space
 “\x0B” – vertical tab

chr returns a character from the specified ASCII

string chr (ascii); value.
The ASCII value can be specified in
 Decimal : Decimal values are defined by a
leading 0x.
 Octal : Octal values are defined by a leading
0 (Zero)
 Hex : hex values are defined by a leading
0x.
Example
echo chr(65)
echo chr(050)
echo chr(0x50)
output
A
(
P
chunk_split returns smaller chunks(pieces) of a string in
string chunk_split(string, chunklength, chunklength parameter.
end) ; Example
parameter echo chunk_split("Hi All",1,"..");
string – String to be chunked. output
chunklength – This is Optional parameter, H..i.. ..A..l..l..
String will be chunked in chunklength size.
Chunk Default size is 76.
end – This is Optional parameter. End will
defines what to be placed at the end of each
chunk. Default is \r\n

ltrim ltrim function will remove predefined

string ltrim (string, charlist); characters or specified characters in charlist if
string – String to check. any from the left end of a string.
charlist – Optional. This is optional Example
parameter, If any value is provided, then echo ltrim(“ hello“);

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specified characters will be removed from output
left of a string. hello
The following characters are removed if the echo ltrim(“hello”,”h”);
charlist parameter is empty: output
 “\0” – NULL ell0
 “\t” – tab
 “\n” – new line
 “\r” – carriage return
 ” ” – ordinary white space
 “\x0B” – vertical tab

join join() function will glue(join) array elements in

join ( separator, array ); a string.
Parameter : join() is an alias of the PHP implode() function.
 separator – Optional. This is an optional
parameter. By default it is an empty
string (“”).
 array – Collection of elements to join a
string

str_ireplace str_ireplace() function will replace all

str_ireplace ( find, replace, string, count ); occurrences of the search string with the
str_replace replacement string. It is case – insensitive
str_replace ( find, replace, string, count ); function.
str_replace() function will replace all
Parameter : occurrences of the search string with the
 find – This is a Required parameter. It replacement string. It is case – sensitive
sets values to find. function.
 replace – This is
a Required parameter. It sets values to This function works by the following rules:
replace.  If the string to be searched is an array, it
 string – This is a Required parameter. It returns an array
sets string to search.  If the string to be searched is an array, find
 count – This is an Optional parameter. If and replace is performed with every array
passed, this will be set to the number of element
replacements performed.  If both find and replace are arrays, and
replace has fewer elements than find, an
empty string will be used as replace
 If find is an array and replace is a string,
the replace string will be used for every
find value
Example
$strExample = "Hi from subodh!";
echo str_ireplace("Hi","Hello",$strExample);
output
Hello from subodh!

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str_pad str_pad() function will pad a string to a certain
str_pad (string, length, pad_string, length with another string.
pad_type ); Example
Parameter : $strExample = "Hi from Subodh.";
 string – This is a Required parameter. It echo str_pad($strExample,23,"!");
is the input string on which function will output
be performed. Hi from Subodh.!!!!!!!!
 length – This is a Required parameter. It
sets value of new length of a input string
parameter. if the value of pad_length is
negative, less than, or equal to the length
of the input string, no padding takes
place, and input will be returned.
 pad_string – This is
a Required parameter. It sets string to
be padded with input string. Default
padded string is whitespace.
 pad_type – This is
an Optional parameter. It can
be Specifies what side to pad the string.
 STR_PAD_RIGHT – Padding is done
to the right side of the string. This
is default value.
 STR_PAD_LEFT – Padding is done
to the left side of the string
 STR_PAD_BOTH – Padding is done
to both sides of the string. If not an
even number, the right side gets the
extra padding.

str_repeat str_repeat() function repeats a string

str_repeat (string, repeat ); a specified number of times..
Parameter : Example
 string – This is a Required parameter. It echo str_repeat("!",10);
is the input string which will be
repeated. output
 repeat – This is a Required parameter. It !!!!!!!!!!
will set how many times a input string
will be repeated. It should be greater
than or equal to 0. If its value is set to 0,
the function will return an empty string.

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str_split() str_split() function will breaks a string into an array.
str_split ( string, length );
 string – This is a Required parameter. It is the Example
input string on which function will be $strExample = "Hi from Subodh";
performed. print_r(str_split($strExample));
 length – This is an Optional parameter. It sets
the length of each array element. Default Array ( [0] => H [1] => i [2] => [3] => f [4] => r [5] => o
length value is 1. [6] => m [7] => [8] => S [9] => u [10] => b [11] => o
Output : [12] => d [13] =>h)

This will return an array of string. it also depends

on the length parameter value if,

 length < 1, It will return FALSE.

 length > larger than the length of string, the
entire string will be returned as the only
element of the array.

str_word_count() str_word_count() function will counts the number of

str_word_count (string, returnformat, characterlist words in a string.
);
 string – This is a Required parameter. It is the Example
input string on which function will be $strExample = "Hi from Subodh";
performed. echo str_word_count($strExample)
 returnformat – This is a Optional parameter. It output
tells us about the return value of the 3
str_word_count() function. Below are the
values which can be pass in this $strExample = "Hi from Subodh";
parameter. 0 is the default value. echo str_word_count($strExample,1)
 0 – It is the default value. This will return output
number of words count in a string. Array ( [0] => Hi [1] => from [2] => Subodh)
 1 – This will return an array with the $strExample = "Hi from Subodh";
words from the string. echo str_word_count($strExample,2)
 2 – returns an associative array, where output
the key is the numeric position of the
word inside the string and the value is Array ( [0] => Hi [3] => from [8] => Subodh )
the actual word itself
 characterlist – This is an Optional parameter.
We can set special characters, which will be
consider in word count.
Output :

This will return a number or an array, depending

upon the returnformat parameter value.

strcasecmp() strcasecmp() function will compare two strings. (case

strcasecmp ( string1, string2 ); insensitive match)
 string1 – This is a Required parameter. It is

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 the first string which will be compared. Example
 string2 – This is a Required parameter. It is echo strcasecmp("Hi from Subodh.","hI FROM
the second string which will be compared. SUBODH.");

Return values in this function are: output:

0
 0 – if the two strings are equal.
 < 0 – if string1 is less than string2.
 > 0 – if string1 is greater than string2.

strchr()
strchr ( string, search, before_search ); strchr() function will find the first occurrence of
 string – This is a Required parameter. This is search in a string. This function is an alias of the
the string which is to be searched. strstr() function.
 search – This is a Required parameter. It
contains the value to be seacrhed. If we pass
this parameter as a number, then it will search Example:
for the character matching the ASCII value of
the number. echo strchr("Hi from Subodh.","from");
 before_search – This is // case-sensitive comparison
an Optional parameter. A Boolean value,
default is set to “false”. If set to “true”, it
returns the part of the string before the first Output
occurrence of the search parameter. from Subodh.
Output :
echo strchr("Hi from Subodh.",102);// ASCII value of f
It will returns below values: is 102.

 the portion of string after the first occurrence Output

is found in the string from Subodh.
 FALSE if the search is not found in the string.
echo "Using before_search 3rd parameter in the
function<br />";
echo strchr("Hi from
tutorialmines.","tutorialmines",true); // case-sensitive
comparison
echo "<br/>";
echo strchr("Hi from tutorialmines.",116,true);// ASCII
value of t is 116.
Using before_search 3rd parameter in the function
Hi from
Hi from

strtolower() strtolower() function will take string as input and

converts all letter to lowercase letter, if that character
strtolower ( string ); is alphabetic.

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 Example:
$strExample = "An EXAMPLE of a strtolower()
function.";
echo strtolower($strExample);

output
an example of a strtolower() function.
strtoupper() Strtolower() function will take string as input and
converts all letter to uppercase letter, if that character
strtoupper ( string ); is alphabetic.

Example:
$strexample = "an example of a strtoupper()
function.";
echo strtoupper($strexample);

Output
AN EXAMPLE OF A STRTOLOWER() FUNCTION.
 strops() - The strpos() function finds the Example
position of the first occurrence of a string echo strrpos("I love php, I love php too!","php");
inside another string.(case sensitive) output
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 strrpos() - Finds the position of the last
occurrence of a string inside another string echo strpos("I love php, I love php too!","php");
(case-sensitive) output
 stripos() - Finds the position of the first 7
occurrence of a string inside another string
(case-insensitive)
 strripos() - Finds the position of the last
occurrence of a string inside another string
(case-insensitive)

Parameter

String: Required. Specifies the string to

search

Find: Required. Specifies the string to

find

start : Optional. Specifies where to

begin the search

Return value:

Position or FALSE

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