Graphic Arts 257 Study

Joel Vanderhoef
GRAPHIC_ARTS
GRAPHIC_ARTS_257_STUDY
Gyratory equipment, used in mechanical screening and sieving is based on a circular motion
of the machine.Unlike other methods, gyratory screen operates in a gentler manner and is
more suited to handle fragile things, enabling it to produce finer products.This method is
applicable for both wet and dry screening.A distinct difference to other techniques is that
the gyratory motion applied here depends on eccentric weights instead of vibrations, which
can be varied based on individual process requirement.== History ==
In the early 1930s, most vibratory separators had a rectangular or square design employing
simple reciprocating movement.After the introduction of machines utilizing gyratory
motion with orbital movements, there was a huge change in machinery industry due to the
much greater screen area usage and capacity per unit mesh area.== Design ==
The gyratory equipment contains decks of cards on top of each other with the coarsest
screen on top and the finest below.The feed is inserted from the top and gyratory motion
triggers the penetration of particles into the next deck through screen openings.Casings are
inclined at relatively low angles (< 15°) to the horizontal plane, with gyrations occurring in
the vertical plane.The eccentric masses can be varied in such as the increase of top eccentric
mass leads to an increase in horizontal throw, promoting the discharge of oversize
materials.Increment in bottom eccentric mass boosts the material turn over on the screen
surface, maximizing the quantity of undersize-material penetration.Oversize materials are
discharged via tangential outlet.The option to select number of decks enables gyratory
equipment to accurately separate materials consisting particles that are very close in
size.This advantage is unrivalled and proves to be significant in the powder processing
industry where fine materials are involved.High separating efficiency and ease of
maintenance puts gyratory screening ahead compared to other processes in terms of
product quality.Existing gyratory equipment designs are already on the market, more to
come with further development.Recent studies have shown that potential improvements
are available for cost-saving and effective separation process.== Applications ==
Common applications include separation used in the process industry, food industry,
chemical industry and pharmaceuticals.This includes screening, classification, sifting, fiber
recovery, filtration, and scalping.Gyratory screening is capable of separating finer materials
as compared to other methods, and is therefore more suitable to treat fragile
materials.Several applications in respective industries are shown in the table below.General
and industrial heavy duty models are available for gyratory equipment, with wooden
frames for general models aiming to save cost.Industrial heavy duty models are constructed
with carbon steel or stainless steel.Screen capacities vary with model sizes over a huge
range to satisfy individual application requirements such as material size, bulk density,
moisture contamination, etc.Models consist up to seven decks with screenings up to 325
meshes, allowing it to perform accurate separations for the finest materials.This feature
comes in handy in the powder processing industry where fine powders with relatively close
sizes are involved.Screens openings for different decks are to be calculated accurately to
ensure accurate separation.General models, installed with wooden frames indicating lesser
reinforcements, are used for applications involving materials with distinct difference in
sizes.An example for this is the removal of impurities from wood chips for biomass fuel
production.In this case, the desired product will be discharged at the coarsest screen,
leaving smaller impurities to sink to the bottom frames.These models are selected for more
economical purposes and are less common.== Comparison to other methods ==
=== Advantages ===
Low running cost
The low amount of power required to run a gyratory screener enables an overall low cost of
operation for this machine.This is due to the relatively lower energy required for gyratory
motion compared to vibrating a massive frame.The low running cost as well as the low
purchasing cost of gyratory equipment make it one of the more commonly used machines
for solid-solid mechanical separation.Ideal for multi-fraction separation
As a gyratory screening machine employs the use of smaller stacked screen frames, the
screens can be accurately placed to the precise requirements of each separation.This puts a
gyratory screener at an advantage over a number of other mechanical screening devices, as
many other devices would require the use of additional equipment to cope with a different
type of feed.Flexible range of applications
A gyratory screener can be used in many situations, regardless of whether the solid-solid
mixture to be separated consists of a binary mixture, or a multi-fraction mixture.This is
because the flexibility of usage of the gyratory sifter screens eliminates the need for excess
screen materials, cleaners or other forms of additional apparatus.Good efficiency and
quality of separation
The lack of vertical motion in the mechanism of a gyratory sifter, coupled with its relatively
gentle motion enables a higher accuracy in the separation of materials in the solid-solid
mixture.The longer stroke involved in gyratory machines allows the finer particles to settle
down and spread out.This, coupled with the horizontal motion used maximises the
opportunity for the finer particles to pass, thus enhancing the quality and efficiency of
separation.Easily maintained
Most modern day gyratory screening machines employ the use of screen cleaners, which act
to prevent any clogging of the gyratory sifters.The motion and mechanism of a gyratory
screener enables more energy to be imparted onto the cleaners, thus actively preventing the
occurrence of build-up on the gyratory sifters.In the long run, the prevention of build-up in
the sifters would enable the gyratory screener to have a longer lifespan.Low screen blinding
Vibration at the vertical component by the bottom eccentric weight significantly reduces
screen blinding.Additional ball trays and Kleen rings can further reduce screen blinding.===
Limitations ===
Large amount of floor space
The large area of the gyratory screen requires a large floor space to be reserved.

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Joel Vanderhoef

can be varied based on individual process requirement.== History ==

simple reciprocating movement.After the introduction of machines utilizing gyratory

mass leads to an increase in horizontal throw, promoting the discharge of oversize

surface, maximizing the quantity of undersize-material penetration.Oversize materials are

size.This advantage is unrivalled and proves to be significant in the powder processing

maintenance puts gyratory screening ahead compared to other processes in terms of

are available for cost-saving and effective separation process.== Applications ==

chemical industry and pharmaceuticals.This includes screening, classification, sifting, fiber

recovery, filtration, and scalping.Gyratory screening is capable of separating finer materials

as compared to other methods, and is therefore more suitable to treat fragile

materials.Several applications in respective industries are shown in the table below.General

moisture contamination, etc.Models consist up to seven decks with screenings up to 325

economical purposes and are less common.== Comparison to other methods ==

=== Advantages ===

Low running cost

for solid-solid mechanical separation.Ideal for multi-fraction separation

gyratory screener at an advantage over a number of other mechanical screening devices, as

type of feed.Flexible range of applications

mixture to be separated consists of a binary mixture, or a multi-fraction mixture.This is

screen materials, cleaners or other forms of additional apparatus.Good efficiency and

Large amount of floor space

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