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    Grade 11 Chapter 9 Computer Science

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    Grade 11 Chapter 9 Computer Science

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    ....

    Original Title

    GRADE 11 CHAPTER 9 COMPUTER SCIENCE

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    11 views8 pages

    Grade 11 Chapter 9 Computer Science

    Uploaded by

    mrukallee
    ....

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    CHAPTER 9 DATABASE

    SINGLE TABLE DATABASE


    A database is a structured collection of data. It allows people to organise, extracts specific
    information in a ways that meets their needs. The data can include text, numbers, pictures;
    anything that can be stored in a computer.

    We also use Relational Databases where two or more tables are linked together. This
    through will be studied at A level or IB, for IGCSE only single-table databases are linked
    together. This through will be studied at A Level or IB, but for IGCSE only single databases
    are need to be studied.

    A single-table database contains only one table of information.

    The two types


    of database:
     Relational
    database
     Flat-file
    database

    Why are databases useful?


     Because they can store lots of information e.g records of how many students are
    registered in a school or how many different items are sold in a shop.
     Data is usually collected through a form on a computer. If any changes or addition are
    made it only has to be done once- data is consistent.
     The same data can be viewed any used by everyone who has access, only one file is
    needed.
     The same data can be viewed and used by everyone who has access, only one file is
    needed.
     Data is only stored in a database which means no duplication of information.
    What are databases used for?
     To store information about people:
     Patients in a hospital
     Pupils at a school
     To store information about things
     cars to be sold
     Books in a library
     To store information about events
     Hotel bookings
     Results of races

    1
    DATABASE STRUCTURE
    A database is organized using a set of key components. These include:
     Entities - each record item
     Attributes - details about the entity
     Field - columns used to capture attributes
     Record - one row of details about an entity
     Table - a set of fields and records
     Primary key - unique number for an entity

    This is another example table of a flat-file( single table) database. The entities are students
    and the attributes are details about the students.

    VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION


     Validation - this is checking that the correct type of data is entered
     Verification - this checks that the data is actually the data you want.

    For example, validation checks that a postcode has been entered in the correct
    format( depending on the country, the right combination of letters and number) and
    verification checks the postcode being entered is the correct database.

    It is good to do verification checks with two people


    entering the same data. A verification check will see if both
    sets are the same. If there are differences, the check will
    bring up an error message and ask for the data to be re-
    entered.

    ACTIVITY:
    State what field would you expect to find
    in each record for the doctor’s
    appointment and given field a suitable
    name.

    Note; filed names should be single word,


    which should not contain any spaces, for
    example :
    ’’ BedNumber’’.

    2
    DATA TYPES AND PRIMARY KEYS
    THE BASIC TYPES OF DATA
    There are 6 basic data types that can be assigned to a database.

    Here is an example of a database table with rows and columns with different data types in
    each.

    PRIMARY KEY
    Here is an example of a database tables with rows and columns with different data types in
    each.

    Each record
    within a table
    contains data
    about a person,
    a single item, or an event, and it is important to be able to uniquely identify
    it, especially when you have a very large database and you need to find
    something quick, e.g a car parts database.
    For this reason we add another field to the database that uniquely identifies
    the item in the row. This field is called primary key. This field must contain data values
    that are never repeated in the table, e.g. a unique ID Number.

    3
    KEY DATABASE TERMS;
     Data - information within database
     Table - a structure in which data is stored
     Flat - file database- a single table database
     Record - a collection of data about a single item
     Field - one piece of data
     Primary key - a unique identifier for each record
     Index - a list of values or items
     Query - a method of searching a database
     Range - start/ End
     Presence - checks if the data is entered in a specific filed or not
     Validation - this is checking that the correct type of data is entered
     Verification - this checks that the data is actually the data you want

    SEQUENCE QUERY LANGUAGE ( SLQ) used to


    query data stored in a single table database.
    STRUCTURE QUERY LANGUAGE( SQL)
    SQL is a types of query language for writing
    scripts to obtain useful information from a
    database.

    We will use some of the SQL statements to


    extract information from databases. This will
    provide basic understanding of how to obtain
    and display only information from a database.

    For example, somebody needing to visit a patient would only require word number and the
    bed number of the patient in order to find where they are in the hospital. Whereas a
    consultant need a list of the names of all patients that they care of.
    QL SCRIPTS
    An SQL script is a list of SQL commands that perform a given task, often stored in a file so
    the script can be re-used.

    WHAT IS SQL?
    Databases use their own type of programming language. This language is known as
    structured language, or SQL.

    4
    Data can be retrieved using the commands, SELECT, FROM and WHERE, for example:

    SELECT * FROM ‘’ doctordatabase’’ where ‘’ Allergies’’ = ‘’Yes’’


    Note- *stands for wildcard, which means all records.

    SQL CODE TO BUILD A DATABASE

    5
    6
    EXAM STYLE QUESTION
    A motorcycles manufacture offers various combinations of;
    >> seat colour >> engine size >> paint colours

    A tables, MyMotobike was set up as single-table data base to help customers which seat
    and paint combination were possible.

    Question no 1
    1. State the number of record shown in the table
    6
    2. State the number of fields shown in the table.
    9
    3. State, with reason, if any of the field are suitable to use as primary key.
    I would chose the CODE field because the information in each cell is unique.
    Question no2
    The following SQL command was used:
    SELECT code
    FROM MyMotobike
    WHERE Sea Colour= ‘’ White’’
    AND ( 50cc OR Blue)

    Show what will be displayed


    MK203
    MK204

    Question 3
    A customer wanted to know all possible combinations for a motorcycle with brown seats
    and either black paint colour.

    Complete the SQL command required.

    SELECT*
    FROM MyMotobike
    WHERE Seat Colour = ‘Brown’
    AND( ‘ Black ‘ OR ‘ Blue ‘ )

    7
    8

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