Handbook SRHR

†hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges AwaKvi
(wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwi‡ì Rb¨ Z_¨msKjb)
Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR)

(A Handbook for the Adolescents)
(wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwi‡ì Rb¨ Z_¨msKjb)

(A Handbook for the Adolescents)
ms¯‹iY 1.0
(Version 1.0)
mn‡hvwMZvq
(Supported by)
†kqvi-†bU B›Uvib¨vkbvj
www.share-netinternational.org
cÖwkÿY cwiKíbv I ev¯Íevq‡b

(Planned and implemented by)
Uvwb©s c‡q›U dvD‡Ûkb

17/we gwbcyixcvov (2q Zjv), msm` A¨vwfwbD, †ZRMuvI, XvKv-1215, evsjv‡`k
†gvevBj: +88 01786100900, †dvb: +88 02 9145151, d¨v·: +88 02 9145055
B‡gBj: info@turningpointbd.org; turningpointbd@gmail.com
I‡qemvBU: www.turningpointbd.org
êwPÎ¨, b¨vh¨Zv I mK‡ji AskMÖnY, Z‡eB m¤¢e †UKmB Dbœqb
Striving for Diversity, Equity & Inclusion for Sustainable Development
cÖKvkbvq : Uvwb©s c‡q›U dvD‡Ûkb

17/we gwbcyixcvov (2q Zjv), msm` A¨vwfwbD
†ZRMuvI, XvKv-1215, evsjv‡`k
†gvevBj: +88 01786100900
†dvb: +88 02 9145151, d¨v·: +88 02 9145055
B‡gBj: info@turningpointbd.org; turningpointbd@gmail.com
I‡qemvBU: www.turningpointbd.org
cÖ_g ms¯‹iY : b‡f¤î, 2017
iPbv I msKjb : Awjwfqv iwWª·

Avey nvwbd †gvnv¤§` dinv`
wkLv LvZzb
Avãyj Mvd&dvi
cÖZxK Rb †ivRvwiI
m¤úv`bv : Rxeb DBwjqvg M‡gR
eY©web¨vm I AjsKiY : Uvwb©sc‡q›U K¨vcvwmwU wewìs wUg
Uvwb©s c‡q›U dvD‡Ûkb-Gi cÖwkÿY †K›`ª ZË¡veavb

AwgZ wiPvW© †ivRvwiI
cj wZKx©
Avwgbyj Bmjvg
ÔÁvb wewbgq †nvK Db¥y³, weKvk †nvK evavnxbÕ

'Knoweldge sharing be open and development without barriers'
- Avgv‡ì Z_¨ msKjb GB cÖPviYviB Ask

- Our handout is the part of the Campagin
GwU WvDb‡jvW Kiv hv‡e wb‡Pi I‡qemvBU †_‡K (You can download it from the following website)
www.turningpointbd.org
m~wPcÎ
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwi‡ì K_v .................................................................................... 1
wØZxq Aa¨vq
†m· I †RÛvi ..................................................................................................9
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
†hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges AwaKvi......................................................................... 11
PZy_© Aa¨vq
†hŠb nqivwb .................................................................................................. 15
cÂg Aa¨vq
cÖwZewÜZv m¤úwK©Z cÖv_wgK aviYv ..................................................................... 21
lô Aa¨vq
cÖwZeÜx bvixi †hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges AwaKvi .................................................... 31
mnvqK Z_¨cwÄ ................................................................................................... 34

cÖ_g Aa¨vq (Chapter One)
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwi‡ì K_v
(About the Adolescents)
eqtmwÜKvj I ˆK‡kvi
eqtmwÜ Kvj‡K Bs‡iRx‡Z ejv nq (Puberty)| Gi GKwU mywbw`©ó cÖwµqv Av‡Q hvi gva¨‡g GKwU
wkïi kixi GKRb cÖvßeq¯‹ gvby‡li kix‡i iycvšÍwiZ nq Ges cÖRb‡bi mÿgZv jvf K‡i| eqtmwÜi
ga¨fv‡M GB e„w× Z¡ivwš^Z nq Ges eqtmwÜ †kl nevi gva¨‡g GB e„w× m¤ú~Y© nq| eqtmwÜ kyiæi c~‡e©
†Q‡j I †g‡qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ cªvq m¤ú~Y©UvB ej‡Z †M‡j kyay †hŠbv‡½i †fZi mxgve× _v‡K| eqtmwÜi
mgq kixi MV‡bi AvKvi-AvK„wZ,MyiæZ¡ I Kv‡R cÖavb cv_©K¨My‡jv cÖZxqgvb nq| G‡ì g‡a¨
cwieZ©bMy‡jv‡K †m‡KÛvwi †hŠb êwkó ejv nq| AvÿwiK A‡_© eqtmwÜ ej‡Z eySvq †hŠb cwic°Zvi
Rb¨ gvby‡li kix‡i †h cwieZ©b Av‡m Zv‡K| eqtmwÜKv‡ji DbœwZ‡Z g‡bvmvgvwRK I mvs¯‹„wZK
fzwgKv GUvi AšÍf‚©³ bq| eqtmwÜKvj n‡”Q ˆkke I mvevjK‡Z¡i gaëZ©x GKwU mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
µvwšÍKvj| G mgq gw¯Í®‹ †_‡K wW¤^vkq I kyµvkq (Gonad or Sex Cell) ni‡gv‡b ms‡KZ hvevi
gva¨‡g GwUi m~Pbv N‡U| cyiæl ¯Í‡b †ckxi e„w×, wcU, †Kvgi, wbZ¤^ I Diæ‡Z †cwk e„„w×, kixi I
gy‡Li †jvg, ïµvk‡qi AvKvi, KvR Ges De©iZv d‡j wW¤^vkq I kyµvkq (†MvbvW) wewfbœ ai‡bi
ni‡gvb Drcv`b kyiæ K‡i hvi d‡j gw¯Í®‹, Aw¯’, †cwk, Z¡K, ¯Íb Ges Rbb A½-cÖZ¨½mg~‡ni e„w×
kyiæ nq| eqtmwÜi ga¨fv‡M GB e„w× kyiæ nq Ges eqtmwÜ †kl nevi gva¨‡g GB e„w× m¤ú~Y© nq|
eqtmwÜKvj, eqtmwÜi mgq Øviv cÖfvweZ nq e‡U wKš‘ GUvi Av‡jvPbvi mxgv†iLv h_vh_fv‡e
msÁvwqZ Kiv hvq bv| mvaviYZ eqtmwÜKv‡ji e¨vcv‡i Av‡jvPbvi †ÿ‡Î ˆK‡kvi mgqKvi kvixwiK
cwieZ©‡bi †P‡q g‡bvmvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Ges AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi weKvk‡KB †ewk cÖvavb¨ †`qv nq|
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwix‡ì †h me wel‡q Ávb I aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb †m¸‡jv nj:
• g~j¨‡eva
• evj¨weevn Ges Gi Kzdj
• wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ we‡kl K‡i †g‡q‡ì cÖ_g gvwmK m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|
• wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix I hyeK‡ì wel‡q Av‡M I c‡i ‡hŠb AvPiY, Rb¥ inm¨ I cwievi cwiKíbv|
• AcÖwZ‡‡iva¨ AbvKw•LZ †hŠb AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ †ivM m¤ú‡K© aviYv
• Kg eq‡m Mf©aviY AbvKw•LZ Mf©aviY Ges wbivc` Gg,Avi I wbivc` †hŠb Kg©
• gv`Kvkw³ I aygcv‡bi Kzdj
• we‡q‡Z †hŠZzK MÖn‡Yi Kzdj
• Acywó, we‡klfv‡e AvPiY, wfUvwgb I Av‡qvwW‡bi NvUwZ|
• cÖwZ‡ivanxb Ges AbvKw•LZ †hŠb AvPvi‡Yi Kvi‡Y Awbivc` Mf©cv‡Zi RwUjZv
• ‡g‡q‡ì Dci kvwiixK I gvbwmK wbh©vZ‡bi Kzdj
• ‡hŠb nqivwb I al©Y
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix Ges Zv‡ì AwffveK‡ì Mf©aviY, cÖmeKvjxb (†Wwjfvwi) Ges wewfbœ ch©v‡q †ivM
cÖwZ‡iva, Riæwi cÖm~wZ †mev, Mf©Kvjxb cwiPh©v, Mf©eZx cwiPh©v I Ab¨vb¨ aviYv|
eqtmwÜKv‡j kvixwiK cwieZ©b: †Q‡j I †g‡q Df‡qi †ÿ‡Î eqtmwÜKvjxb kvixwiK cwieZ©b jÿ¨
Kiv hvq| G mg‡q kvixwiK cwieZ©b nIqv AZ¨šÍ ¯^vfvweK welq| G‡Z j¾v ev fq cvevi wKQz †bB|
†Q‡j‡ì ‡ÿ‡Î eqtmwÜKv‡j kvixwiK cwieZ©b:
• KÚ¯î fvix nq
• ùvwo-‡Muvd MRvq
• kix‡i †jvg
1
• ‡kªvYx‡`‡k †jvg
• ¯Í‡bi gvsm‡cwk e„w×
eqtmwÜKv‡j †g‡q‡ì cwieZ©b:
 `ªæZ D”PZv I IRb ev‡o
 Pvgov †Zj‡Z‡j nq
 me ¯’vqx ùvZ DV‡Z _v‡K
 eM‡ji wb‡P Pzj MRvq
 †hvbx AÂ‡j Pzj MRvq
 Nvg †ewk n‡Z ïiæ K‡i
 Mjvi ¯î fvwi nq
 ¯Íb eo nq
 ‡Kvgi miæ n‡q Av‡m Ges wbZ‡¤î AvKvi eo nq
 ‡hŠbv½,Rivqy Ges wW¤^‡Kvl eo nq
 gvwmK ïiæ nq
 ¯^cœ‡`vl nq hwÌ †mUv †Q‡j‡ì gZ bq
eqtmwÜKv‡j gvbwmK cwieZ©b

eqtmwÜKv‡j gvbwmK cwieZ©bMy‡jv n‡jv-
1. ‡Q‡j‡g‡qiv wb‡R‡ì cÖvßeq¯‹ fve‡Z kyiæ K‡i Ges Ab¨‡ì KvQ †_‡K †m Abyhvqx AvPib
Avkv K‡i
2. ¯^vaxbfv‡e Pjv‡div Ki‡Z Pvq
3. eÜz-evÜ‡ei m½ fvjev‡m I Zv‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡i
4. Avw_©Kfv‡e ¯^-wbf©i n‡Z Pvq
5. AvZ¥m‡PZbZv e„w× cvq I AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK nq
6. wb‡R‡K AvKl©bxq K‡i Zzj‡Z Pvq
7. wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© A‡b¨‡ì cÖwZwµqv wb‡q fvebv kyiæ nq
8. †KŠZznj ev‡o I †hŠbZv m¤ú‡K© AvMÖn ev‡o
9. j¾v fve †e‡o hvq
10. gvbwmKfv‡e Aw¯’i _v‡K Ges †h †Kvb SuywK wb‡Z cÖ¯‘Z _v‡K
cÖPwjZ fzj aviYv ebvg mwVK Z_¨

eqtmwÜKv‡j wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixiv †h me cÖPwjZ fzj aviYv †cvlY K‡i, Zv †_‡K gyw³i Rb¨ mwVK
aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| wb‡Pi QK †_‡K wKQz cÖPwjZ aviYvi cvkvcvwk mwVK Z_¨ wK‡kvi-
wK‡kvixiv †c‡Z cv‡i|
cÖPwjZ fzj aviYv mwVK Z_¨
gvwmK GK ai‡bi †ivM gvwmK wK‡kvix‡ì GKwU ¯^vfvweK kvixwiK
cÖwµqv| GwU me wK‡kvixiB nq|
¯^cœ‡`vl ev exh©cvZ Lvivc †Q‡j‡ì nq| G‡Z ¯^cœ‡`vl wK‡kvi‡ì GKwU ¯^vfvweK kvixwiK
kix‡ii kw³ ÿq nq| cÖwµqv| GwU me wK‡kv‡iiB nq| G‡Z †Kvb
ai‡bi ÿqÿwZ nq bv|
eqtmwÜKv‡ji cwieZ©b GK ai‡bi kvixwiK eqtmwÜKv‡ji cwieZ©b w`‡q `ytwPšÍvMÖ¯’ nIqvi
mgm¨v| †Kvb KviY †bB| GKRb gvbyl hLb ‰Kki †_‡K
2
‡hŠe‡b DËxY© nq ZLb Zvi kvixwiK I gvbwmK
wKQz cwieZ©b n‡eB|
Lvivc †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡ìB kvixwiK cwieZ©b my¯’ š^vfvweK †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡ìB kvixwiK cwieZ©b
N‡U| N‡U|
gvwm‡Ki mv‡_ †`‡ni `~wlZ i³ †ei n‡q gvwmK †Kv‡bv AmyL bq| gvwm‡Ki i³ `~wlZ bq|
Av‡m| gvwmK nIqvi j¾vi| eis kix‡ii ZvRv i³B evB‡i †ei n‡q Av‡m|
i³ RgvU euva‡j wKQzUv Kvj‡P †`Lvq| ZvB
gvwm‡Ki i³ wKQzUv Kv‡jv|
‡hŠb‡ivM m¤ú‡K© KvD‡K Rvbv‡bv j¾vi ‡hŠb‡ivM GKwU kvixwiK Amy¯’Zv hvi djvdj
e¨vcvi| Ab¨‡iv‡Mi Zzjbvq gvivZœK| ‡hŠb‡iv‡Mi †Kvb
jÿY †hgb-cyiæl ev ¯¿x A‡½ Nv ev PzjKvwb nIqv,
cÖmv‡ei iv¯Ív w`‡q cyuR †ei nIqv, AÛ‡Kvl dz‡j
hvIqv BZ¨vw` †`Lv w`‡j `ªæZ Wv³vi †`Lv‡bv
DwPZ|
eqtmwÜKv‡ji cwieZ©‡b A‡b‡K DZ¨³ K‡i, eqtmwÜKv‡ji cwieZ©b wb‡q KvD‡K DZ¨³ Kiv
j¾v †`q Ges fq †`Lvq| wKsev j¾v †`qv wVK bq| eis Zv‡K
gvbwmKfv‡e mvnvh¨ Kiv DwPZ|
eqtmwÜKv‡ji cwieZ©b¸wj j¾vi, ZvB Kv‡iv eqtmwÜKv‡ji cwieZ©b ¯^vfvweK| AwfÁ I wek^¯Í
mv‡_ G m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv wVK bq| Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K †hgb-evev-gv, eo fvB-‡evb ev
wkÿK‡ì civgk© †g‡b Pj‡j kvixwiK I gvbwmK
weKv‡k ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
GBWm& GKwU fqsKi †ivM| Gi †_‡K euvPvi GBWm& Gi †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡laK †bB| ZvB
†Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB| cÖwZ‡ivaB GBWm& †_‡K `~‡i _vKvi GKgvÎ
Dcvq|
GBWm& †ivMx‡K mgv‡Ri evB‡i †ei K‡i †`qv GBWm& †ivMx mgv‡Ri mK‡ji fvjevmv,
ìKvi| mn‡hvwMZv I mngwg©Zv wb‡q A‡bKw`b
fv‡jvfv‡e †e‡Pu _vK‡Z cv‡i|
Lvivc †Q‡j - †g‡q‡ìB †hŠbwPšÍv nq| wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì g‡b †hŠbwPšÍv Av‡m, GUv
†`v‡li wKQz bq| Z‡e G mgq †jLvcov, †Ljvayjv
I mvs¯‹zwZK Kv‡R wb‡R‡K e¨¯Í ivL‡j Gme
`ywñšÍv gv_vq Av‡m bv|
ev‡R †Q‡j- †g‡qivB †ewk nvwm Zvgvkv K‡i| nvwm – Lywk-Avb‡›` _vKv kvixwiK I gvbwmK
my¯’Zv‡K mnvqZv K‡i A‡bK †ekx|
‡g‡q‡ì‡K Kg eq‡mB we‡q †`qv ìKvi| evj¨weevn gv I wkky Df‡qi Rb¨ SuywKc~Y©| KviY
G‡Z Sv‡gjv K‡g| mvaviYZ 18 eQ‡ii Av‡M †g‡q‡ì kixi mšÍvb
aviY I cÖm‡ei Dchy³ nq bv|
‡hŠb nqivwb Kiv ev KvD‡K ‡hŠbZv wel‡q ‡hŠb nqivwb ev wbh©vZb GKwU mvgvwRK e¨vwa|
DZ¨³ K‡i gRv †ewk| Gi †_‡K †invB †c‡Z mevB‡K m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e
Ges cÖwZ‡iv‡a mwµq f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e|
gvwm‡Ki i³, i³ †fRv Kvc, c¨vW jywK‡q gvwm‡Ki mgq cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ _vKv AZxe
ivLv DwPZ| KviY gvwmK nIqv Lvivc| Riæix|
‡hŠb KvR K‡i ay‡q †dj‡j GBPAvBwfÕi GBWm& AvµvšÍ cyiæl ev gwnjvi mv‡_ Awbivc`
Rxevby †`n †_‡K P‡j hvq| †hŠb KvR Ki‡j †hŠb i‡mi gva¨‡g GBWm& Gi
Rxevby Qov‡Z cv‡i|
3
GKR‡bi eëüZ myuB w`‡q Ab¨Rb Bb‡RKkb GBWm& AvµvšÍ e¨w³i eëüZ myuB w`‡q wewfbœ Rb
wb‡j GBWm& nevi m¤¢vebv †bB| Bb‡RKkb wb‡j GBWm& ev GBPAvBwf GKR‡bi
†`n †_‡K Ab¨R‡bi †`‡n cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i|
hviv ev‡R RvqMvq hvq Zv‡ì †`‡nB ïaygÎ GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ e¨w³i kix‡i GBWm& Gi
GBPAvBwf Rxevby _v‡K| Rxevby _v‡K| GBWm& AvµvšÍ †jv‡Ki i³ kix‡i
wb‡j i‡³i gva¨‡g GBWm& Gi Rxevby Qov‡Z
cv‡i|
GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ gv‡qi `ya mšÍvb cvb Ki‡j GBWm& AvµvšÍ gv‡qi mšÍvb n‡j ev GBWm& AvµvšÍ
GBWm& nq bv| gv‡qi `ya mšÍvb cvb Ki‡j wkkyi †`‡nI
GBPAvBwf Rxevby msµvwgZ n‡Z cv‡i|
GBPAvBwf Rxevby †`‡n cÖ‡ek Kivi mv‡_ GBWm& Gi Rxevby †_‡K †ivM jÿY cÖKvk †c‡Z
mv‡_B †m GBWm& †ivMx nq| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv †ejvq 3/4 eQi Avevi Kv‡iv Kv‡iv
†ejvq 10/15 eQiI jvM‡Z cv‡i|
‡hŠb‡iv‡Mi Rb¨ dzUcv‡Zi nKvi‡ì Jlya ‡h †Kvb †ivM ev ‡hŠb‡iv‡Mi wPwKrmvi Rb¨
A‡bK Kvh©Kix| dzUcvZ †_‡K K¨vbfvmvi‡ì Jlya eënvi Kiv
wVK bq| KviY K¨vbfvmvi‡ì K_vi †ekxi fvMB
mvRv‡bv, AwZ iwÄZ I fzj Z‡_¨ ficyi|
n¯Í‰g_yb Ki‡j †hŠb‡ivM nq, wj½ miæ I euvKv n¯Í‰g_yb Ki‡j †hŠb‡ivM nq bv, AwZwi³
n‡q hvq, †hŠb `ye©jZv †`Lv †`q| n¯Í‰g_yb Gi d‡j kvixwiK `ye©jZv †`Lv w`‡Z
cv‡i|
Lvivc †Q‡jiv n¯Í‰g_yb K‡i| mevB n¯Í‰g_yb K‡i| GUv fvj- Lviv‡ci welq
bq|
cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

wK‡kvi‡ì ¯^cœ‡`vl: GKwU †Q‡j hLb 12-13 eQi eq‡m †cuŠQvq, ZLb Zvi exh© (avZz) ˆZix n‡Z
ïiæ K‡i| exh© hLb Ny‡gi g‡a¨ †ewi‡q Av‡m ZLb Zv‡K ¯^cœ‡`vl e‡j| GwU †Kvb †ivM ev †`vl bq
ZvB Gi †Kvb wPwKrmvi ìKvi †bB| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq †hŠbwelqK wPšÍv ev ¯^‡cœi mv‡_ ¯^cœ‡`vl
nIqvi m¤úK© _v‡K| েদাষ হেল িক করেত হেব? েদাষ হেল দু ার িকছ নই। শরীর থেক
বীয মুেছ কাপড় বদেল ফলেত হেব। স ব হেল গাসল কের পির ার কাপড় পের িনেত হেব।
• GwU GKRb wK‡kv‡ii cÖRbbZ‡š¿i ¯^vfvweK weKv‡ki cwiPvqK|
• wK‡kvi‡ì ¯^cœ‡`vl n‡j Aek¨B †mB Kvco ay‡q ïwK‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
• Acwi®‹vi c¨v›U, jyw½ ev Kvco civi Kvi‡Y bvbv ai‡bi PzjKvwb I msµgY n‡Z cv‡i|
• eqtmwÜKv‡j š^c‡`vl GKwU ¯^vfvweK e¨vcvi| ¯^cœ‡`vl kvixwiK †Kv‡bv Amyweav K‡i bv,
kixi‡K `ye©jI K‡i bv| myZivs GwU wb‡q wPwšÍZ nIqvi †Kv‡bv KviY †bB|
• cªRbb ¯^v¯’¨ m¤ú‡K© mwVK Z_¨ Rvb‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡jB my¯’ Rxeb M‡o DV‡e| fzjc‡_ hvIqvi
SyuwK _vK‡ebv|
wK‡kvwi: eqtmwÜKv‡j wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixiv cÖRbb ÿgZv jvf K‡i,ZvB GB mgq †_‡KB cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨
wkÿv cÖ‡qvRb| A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib AweevwnZ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v wel‡q Rvbvi †Kv‡bv
ìKvi †bB| G aviYv mwVK bq, KviY cÖRbb mÿg nevi mv‡_ mv‡_B cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ m¤ú‡K mwVKfv‡e
Rvb‡Z cvi‡j wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixiv mwVKfv‡e wb‡R‡ì hZœ wb‡Z cvi‡e| Zviv G wkÿv‡K Kv‡R
jvwM‡q my¯’- my›ì fwel¨r M‡o Zzj‡Z cvi‡e I fzj c‡_ cwiPvwjZ nIqv †_‡K wb‡R‡K iÿv Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
4
FZzmªve ev gvwmKKvjxb KiYxq
• ‡g‡q‡ì 9-13 eQi eq‡m †h †Kv‡bv mgq gvwmK kyiæ nq Ges 45-49 eQi eqm ch©šÍ Zv _v‡K|
• gvwmK †g‡q‡ì GKwU ¯^vfvweK kvixwiK cÖwµqv| ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g cÖwZ gvwm‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q
GKwU K‡i wW¤^vYy cwic° nq| cwic° wW¤^vYywU wbwl³ bv n‡j gvwm‡Ki i‡³i mv‡_ †ewi‡q
Av‡m|
• GwU GKRb wK‡kvixi cÖRbbZ‡š¿i ¯^vfvweK weKv‡ki cwiPvqK|
• Rxe‡bi cÖ_g gvwmK nevi Av‡MB cwic° wW¤^vYy hw` kyµvYyi mv‡_ wgwjZ nq, Z‡e Mf©eZx
nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| myZivs cÖ_g gvwmK nevi Av‡M †hŠbwgjb n‡jI †c‡U ev”Pv Avm‡Z cv‡i|
ZvB wK‡kvix‡ì mwVK Z_¨ Rvb‡Z n‡e Ges †mfv‡e wb‡R‡K AbvKvw•LZ NUbv †_‡K wb‡R‡K
gy³ ivL‡Z n‡e|
• gvwm‡Ki mgq cwi®‹vi Kvco/m¨vwbUvwi c¨vW eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` Kvco eënvi Kiv nq
Z‡e Zv cybivq eënv‡ii Av‡M Aek¨B mvevb w`‡q fvjfv‡e ay‡q Kov †iv‡` kywK‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
GKwU c¨vW gvÎ GKeviB eënvi Kiv ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z|
• Acwi”Qbœ †bvsiv Kvco/m¨vwbUvwi c¨vW eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y cÖRbbZ‡š¿i msµgY n‡Z cv‡i, hv
kix‡ii Rb¨ gvivZ¥K ÿwZKi|
• gvwm‡Ki i³ †hb Kvc‡o †j‡M bv hvq †mRb¨ m¨vwbUvix b¨vcwKb eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e hw` †mMy‡jv
†Kbv m¤¢e bv nq Z‡e cwi®‹vi cvZjv Kvco fuvR K‡i eënvi Kiv hvq|
• FZzmªve ev i³mªv‡ei cwigvY Abyhvqx m¨vwbUvix b¨vcwKb ev Kvco w`‡b AšÍZtc‡ÿ 3 N›Uv ci
ci e`jv‡Z n‡e Ges fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b †dj‡Z n‡e|
• Kvco eënvi Ki‡j †mB Kvco mvevb ev †mvWv w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q cwi®‹vi K‡i †iv‡` ïKv‡Z
n‡e| cieZ©x eënv‡ii Rb¨ cwi®‹vi RvqMvq ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z †Kvb ayjvevwj Kvc‡o †j‡M bv
hvq|
• G mgq cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ _vK‡Z n‡e Ges wbqwgZ mvevb cvwb w`‡q †Mvmj Ki‡Z n‡e|
• cywóKi I mylgLv`¨ ev cÖwZw`b †hme Lvevi Lvq Zv wbqwgZ †L‡Z n‡e, †ewk †ewk cvwb cvb
Ki‡Z n‡e Ges nvwm-Lywk _vKv|
• gvwmKKvjxb mg‡q Zj‡c‡U AígvÎvq e¨_v cÖvq meviB nq G‡Z f‡qi wKQz †bB|
• Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î cÖwZK‚j cwi‡ek, cywónxbZv, ¯^v¯’¨nxbZv Avi Rxebhvcb c×wZi
cwieZ©bI e¨_vi gvÎv‡K evwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i|
Gmgq wb‡R‡K AïwP fvevi †Kvb KviY †bB| G mgq cÖwZw`‡bi wbqwgZ KvRKg© ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Kiv
hvq| †hgb- ¯‹z‡j hvIqv, M„n¯’jxi KvRKg© BZ¨vw`| Kzms¯‹vi `~i K‡i Rbm‡PZbZv e„w×i j‡ÿ¨
cÖwZeQi 28 †g wek¦ gvwmK cwiPhv© wèm cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
FZzmªve ev gvwmKKvjxb mg‡q †hme Kiv DwPZ bq
• eëüZ m¨vwbUvwi c¨vWwU †hLv‡b †mLv‡b ev K‡gv‡W †dj‡eb bv
• c¨v‡Wi e`‡j Kvco ev Zz‡jv eënvi Ki‡eb bv
• m¨vwbUvwi c¨vWwU †hLv‡b †dj‡e; cÖ_‡g c¨vWwU‡K c¨vw›U †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i cvwb w`‡q ay‡q
KvMR ev cwjw_‡b gywo‡q gqjv †djvi wbw`©ó RvqMvq †dj‡Z n‡e Ges Szwoi XvKbv fv‡jv
K‡i eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e|
• gvwmKKvjxb mg‡q A¯^v¯’¨Ki Kvco, Zzjv, wUmy¨ eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y Avgv‡ì †`‡k kZKiv
cÖvq 97% fvM bvixi mvwf©K¨vj Bb‡dKkb nq|
A¯^vfvweK FZzmªve (gvwmK) wK
wb‡Pi †h‡Kvb GKwU ev GKvwaK jÿY †`Lv w`‡j Zv‡K A¯^vfvweK FZzmªve ev gvwmK e‡j| wb‡P
†m¸‡jv †Ìqv nj-
• AwZwi³ i³mªve nIqv cÖwZ 30wg: ci ci b¨vcwKb e`‡ji cÖ‡qvRb n‡j|
5
• GKB gv‡m GKvwaK evi FZzmªve n‡j|
• w`‡bi †ekx mgq a‡i FZmªve n‡j|
• FZzmªv‡ei gaëZ©x mg‡q †dvUv †dvUv i³mªvve n‡j|
• Kv‡jv PvKv ev RgvU evav i³mªve n‡j|
• FZzmªv‡ei mgq Zj‡c‡U cÖPÛ e¨_v n‡j|
eqtmwÜKv‡j gvwmK GKwU ¯^vfvweK e¨vcvi| myZivs GwU wb‡q fq I ms‡Kv‡Pi †Kv‡bv KviY †bB|
4.4 cÖRbbZ‡š¿i msµgY I †hŠb‡ivM

Rivqyi-gyL K¨vÝvi (mvwR©K¨vj K¨vÝvi) Kv‡K e‡j?
Rivqyi-gyL K¨vÝvi g~jZ wnDg¨vb †cwc‡jvgv (Human Papilloma Virus-HPV) bvgK
fvBivm Øviv msµwgK GK avi‡bi K¨vÝvi| GwU Rivqy‡Z ev Rivqyi cÖ‡ekØv‡i n‡q _v‡K Gi d‡j
Rivqyi gy‡Li †Kvl¸‡jv A¯^vfvweK e„w× N‡U Ges mgqgZ wPwKrmv bv Kiv‡j K¨vÝvi nq|
cÖRbbZ‡š¿i msµg‡bi jÿY I DcmM©:

 AwZwi³ mv`v mªvve ev `yM©Ühy³ mv`v mªve nIqv
 AwZwi³ A_ev AwbqwgZ i³¯ªve
 ‡hŠbv‡½i wfZ‡i ev evB‡i PzjKvwb nIqv
 ‡g‡q‡ì Rivqy‡Z ev wW¤^bvjx‡Z Ges cyiæ‡li gyÎ_jx‡Z msµvgY Qwo‡q co‡j Zj‡cU
e¨_v nq|
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq:
 wPwKrmvi Rb¨ Aek¨B Wv³v‡ii civgk© MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| cvkvcvwk wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv
†g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e-
 wcwiI‡Wi mgq GgAvi Mf©cvZ cÖmeKvjxY welq¸‡jv ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z I Rxevbygy³ c×wZ
†g‡b Pjv|
GBPAvBwf I GBWm
GBWm ev Bs‡iRx‡Z AIDS Gi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom
HIV (Human Immune Deficiency Virus) bvgK GKUv fvBiv‡mi Kvi‡Y AIDS n‡q
_v‡K| GB fvBiv‡mi ‡`‡n cÖ‡ek K‡i gvbe †`‡ni †h †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv Av‡Q Zv bó K‡i †`q|
d‡j Ab¨ †h †Kvb mvaviY †ivM GKevi n‡j Zv Avi mn‡R mvi‡Z Pvq bv| kix‡i bvbv iK‡gi DcmM©
I †ivM jÿY †`Lv †`q| GB Dcm‡M©i mgwóB n‡jv GBWm| AvµvšÍ e¨w³ ax‡i ax‡i g„Zzï w`‡K
GwM‡q hvq| GB fvBivm AvµvšÍ e¨w³i i‡³, ex‡h©, †hŠbv‡½i Zij i‡m Gis ey‡Ki `y‡ai g‡a¨
_vK‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb e¨w³i kix‡i GBPAvBwf RxevYy cÖ‡e‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_B Zvi †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv
nvivq bv| GBWm Gi †ivM jÿY cÖKvk †c‡Z A_ev cwic~Y© †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv nviv‡Z A‡b‡Ki
†ÿ‡Î cÖvq 8-10 eQi mgq jvM‡Z cv‡i|
†hfv‡e GBPAvBwf/GBWm Qovq
• GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ cyiyl ev gwnjvi mv‡_ Awbivc` A_vr KbWg Qvov †hŠb KvR Ki‡j
†hŠb i‡mi gva¨‡g|
• GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ e¨w³i eënvi Kiv myuB, wmwiÄ ev Bb‡RKkb mvgMÖx eënvi Ki‡j ev
m~u‡Pi mvnv‡h¨ †bkv Ki‡j|
• GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ †jv‡Ki i³ kix‡i wb‡j|
• GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ gv‡qi M‡f©i mšÍvb n‡j A_ev AvµvšÍ gv‡qi `ya cvb Ki‡j H mšÍv‡bi
†`‡nI GBPAvBwf Qov‡Z cv‡i |
6
†hfv‡e GBPAvBwf/GBWm Qovq bv
Dc‡ii gva¨g¸wj Qvov Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e A_©vr mvaviY †gjv‡gkv, Pjv‡div Kiv, nvZ-aiv, †KvjvKzwj
Kiv, Pz¤^b, GKB mv‡_ LvIqv-`vIqv ev emevm, Nyg, GKB Kvco-‡Pvco ci‡j, GKB _vjv-evmb,
cvqLvbv, †Mvm‡ji cvwb, weQvbv eënvi Ki‡j, gkv- gvwQi Kvgo, AvµvšÍ e¨w³ nuvwP-Kvwk ev _y_y
BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g GBW‡mi RxevYy Qovq bv|
†hfv‡e GBAvBwf msµgY cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq

• agxq Abykvmb ‡g‡b Pjv|
• ¯^vgx-¯¿x ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ wek^¯Í _vKv|
• GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ e¨w³i mv‡_ †hŠb wgj‡bi mgq Aek¨B mwVKfv‡e KbWg eënvi Kiv|
• i³ MÖn‡Yi Av‡M i³ GBAvBwfgy³ wKbv Zv cixÿv K‡i †bqv
• A‡bï eënZ m~uP-wmwiÄ eënvi bv Kiv|
• ‡hŠbv‡½ †Kvb Nv ev ÿZ _vK‡j ¯^vgx-¯¿x A_ev †hŠbm½xmn `ªæZ wPwKrmv †bqv|
• GBPAvBwf GBWm& AvµvšÍ nIqvi Avk¯‹v Av‡Q Ggb gwnjv‡ì mšÍvb †bqvi Av‡M i³ cixÿv,
Wv³vi I KvD‡Ýji Gi civgk© †bqv|
GBWm& AvµvšÍ e¨w³i KiYxq

AvµvšÍ e¨w³i wbR †_‡KB ‡Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Zvi KvQ †_‡K Ab¨ Kv‡ivi †`‡n GB RxevYy
Qov‡Z bv cv‡i| A_v©r KbWg Qvov Kv‡ivi mv‡_B †hŠb KvR Kiv hv‡e bv, GgbwK ¯¿x ev ¯^vgxi
mv‡_I bv| KvD‡K i³ †`qv Ges wb‡Ri eënvi Kiv wmwiÄ ev myBu Ab¨ KvD‡K eënvi Ki‡Z †`qv
wVK bq| AvµvšÍ bvixi Mf©aviY Kivi B”Qv n‡j, mwVK Z‡_¨ eë¯’v †bqv cÖ‡qvRb| G ch©v‡q Wv³vi
ev ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©xi mv‡_ civgk© Kiv ìKvi|
GBWm& AvµvšÍ e¨w³i cÖwZ mgv‡Ri KivYxq

GBPAvBwf msµwgZ e¨w³ evwn¨Kfv‡e Avgv‡ì gZB mvaviYfv‡e †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡e| ZvB AvµvšÍ
e¨w³ hv‡Z mgv‡Ri Ab¨ †h ‡Kvb mvaviY e¨w³i gZB ¯^vfvweK Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i †m e¨vcv‡i
me ai‡Yi mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z n‡e| AvµvšÍ e¨w³i cÖwZ fvjevmv I ì‡ì mv‡_ AvPiY K‡i Zvi
fq-fxwZ, ivM ev gvbwmK hš¿bv `~i Kiv, Zv‡K ˆ`bw›`b KvR K‡g© mnvqZv Kiv A_v©r Zvi cÖwZ
mn‡hvwMZv I mngwg©Zvi nvZ evwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
mevi i‡q‡Q wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ Rvbvi AwaKvi

eqtmwÜKv‡ji cwieZ©b mevi nq| GUv ¯^vfvweK, G‡Z wePwjZ nIqvi wKQz †bB| ZvB GB mg‡qi
hveZxq Z_¨ Rvbvi AwaKvi mKj wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì i‡q‡Q| wKšÍ Avgv‡ì GB Z_¨¸‡jv‡K Avovj
K‡i ivLv nq| wK‡kvix‡ì Rvb‡Z †`qv nq bv ev Rvbvi my‡hvM _v‡K LyeB Kg| Ab¨w`‡K
AwffveK‡ì Kv‡Q GB mgm¨vi K_v wK‡kvixiv Rvbv‡bvi †Kvb AvMÖn †`Lvq bv| AwffveK‡ì
mv‡_ cÖvq †ÿ‡ÎB GBiKg eÜzZ¡c~Y© m¤úK© M‡o DV‡Z †`Lv hvq bv, hv‡Z ms‡KvP Z¨vM K‡i wK‡kvi-
wK‡kvixiv mnR n‡Z cv‡i Ges mgm¨vi K_v Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î AwffveK‡ìB GwM‡q Avm‡Z
n‡e| KviY GB welqUvi f~³‡fvMx ZvivB| Kv‡RB Zviv G welqvwU Av‡M Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
eqtmwÜKvj wb‡q Avgv‡ì mgv‡R wKQz Kzms¯‹vi Pvjy i‡q‡Q, hvi †ekxifvMB weÁvbm¤§Z bq|
wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi eB c‡o A_ev ¯^v¯’¨ Kgx© ev Wv³v‡ii civgk© wb‡q mwVK Z_¨ Rvb‡Z n‡e Ges Zv
AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| †hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨ mgvav‡bi Rb¨ AwfÁ Wv³vi ev ¯^v¯’¨ Kgx©i civgk©
wb‡Z n‡e| †dwiIqvjv, nvZz‡o Wv³vi, AbwfÁ KweivR ev Svo-dzuK Gi gva¨‡g fyj wPwKrmvq ev
civg‡k© †ivM Av‡iv RwUj AvKvi aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| g‡b ivLv ìKvi, AmshZ †hŠb AvPiY
7
e¨w³,mgvR, cwiev‡i bvbv iKg mgm¨vi m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| mgm¨v¸‡jv n‡Z cv‡i kvixwiK, gvbwmK
ev mvgvwRK|
Avgv‡ì cÖPwjZ wkÿvµ‡gi cvV¨cy¯Í‡K eqtmwÜKvj ev cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ wel‡q Lye †ekx Z_¨ ms‡hvRb
Kiv nq bv| hv-I ev GKUz Av‡Q Zv-I K¬v‡m mwVK fv‡e cov‡bv nq bv| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î GB AskUv‡K
D‡cÿv Kiv nq| ejv nq, GUv cov‡bvi gZ Ae¯’v K¬v‡m _v‡K bv, †bB ev ˆZix nq wb| GUv mwVK
bq| GB AskwU ¸ay gvÎ cixÿv cv‡ki Rb¨B bq, Rxe‡bi mv‡_ mivmwi m¤úwK©Z| ZvB eqtmwÜKj
ev cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ AskwU‡K K¬v‡m cov‡bvi eë¯’v Kiv Aek¨B ìKvi|
†Kvb †Kvb AvB‡b †hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v‡¯’ï K_v ejv Av‡Q-

aviv-22: e¨w³MZ †MvcbxqZvi AwaKvi
1. emev‡mi ¯’v‡b wKsev Ae¯’v wbwe©‡k‡l †Kvb cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡K Zvi M„‡n, cwiev‡i ev †hvMv‡hvM ev
Ab¨vb¨ ai‡bi Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kvbiƒc ejc~e©K, †e-AvBbx AbycÖ‡ek A_ev AhvwPZ
n¯Í‡ÿc Kiv hv‡e bv| Zvi m¤§vb I mybv‡gi DciI †Kvbiƒc †e-AvBbx AvµgY Kiv hv‡e bv| cÖwZeÜx
e¨w³‡ì G ai‡bi n¯Í‡ÿc I AvµgY †_‡K AvBbx myiÿv cvIqvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
2. kwiK ivóª Ab¨v‡bï mv‡_ mgZvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì e¨w³MZ, ¯^v¯’¨ I cybe©vmb m¤úw©K©Z
Z‡_ï †MvcbxqZv iÿv Ki‡e|
aviv-25: ¯^v¯’¨
cÖwZewÜZvi Kvi‡Y †Kvbiƒc êlg¨ bv K‡i kwiK ivóª cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì me©vwaK AR©b‡hvM¨gv‡bi
¯^v¯’¨ jv‡fi AwaKvi‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`q| kwiK ivóª cÖwZeÜx ¯^v¯’¨-welqK cybe©vmbmn wj½-wfwËK
mvgvwRK AmgZvi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖvwßi mKj Dc‡hvMx eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e| mywbw`©ófv‡e
kwiK ivóª :
(K) Ab¨vb¨‡ì mv‡_ mgZvi wfwË‡Z GKB aib, GKB ¸Y I gvbm¤úbœ webvg~‡jï ev ¯^íe¨qx ¯^v¯’¨
Kg©m~wP MÖnY I †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡e| †hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges Rb¯^v¯’¨ GB Kg©m~wP I †mevq AšÍf©y³
_vK‡e;
(L) cÖwZeÜx e¨w³eM©‡K cÖwZewÜZvi Kvi‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vb Ki‡e| Z¡wir
kbv³KiY, Dchy³ eë¯’v MÖnY Ges wkï I cÖexYmn mK‡ji AwaKZi cÖwZewÜZvi SuywK n«vm I
cÖwZ‡iva GB †mevq AšÍf©y³ _vK‡e;
(M) MÖvgxY GjvKvmn me©Î hZ`~i m¤¢e MÖnxZvi wbR-GjvKv‡ZB GB ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vb Ki‡e;
(N) cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì‡K Ab¨vb¨‡ì gZ mg-gvbm¤úbœ †mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †ckv`vi ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x ˆZwi
Ki‡e| miKvwi-†emiKvwi ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwkÿY I ˆbwZK gvb wba©vi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwZeÜx
e¨w³e‡M©i gvbevwaKvi, AvZ¥gh©v`v, ¯^vwaKvi Ges we‡kl Pvwn`v wel‡q m‡PZbZv m„wó K‡i Zv‡ì
Aeva I m‡PZb-m¤§wZi wfwË‡Z ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vb Ki‡e;
(O) ¯’vbxq AvBb Abyhvqx ¯^v¯’¨ exgv I Rxeb exgvi eë¯’v K‡i Ges Zv b¨vh¨ I †hŠw³Kfv‡e cÖ`vb
K‡i cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì cÖwZ êlg¨ `~i Ki‡e;
(P) cÖwZewÜZvi Kvi‡Y Lv`¨ I cvbxq A_ev ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡b êlg¨ we‡jvc Ki‡e|
8
wØZxq Aa¨vq (Chapter Two)
†m· I †RÛvi
(Sex and Gender)
†hŠbZv ev †m·: †hŠbZv n‡”Q mvgwMÖKfv‡e GKRb gvby‡li AšÍwb©nxZ welq, †hgb: Rxeb Ges Zv‡K
Rwo‡q _vKv †hŠb m¤úK©, †RÛvi cwiwPwZ I Zvi f~wgKvmg~n, ˆjw½K cwiPq, †hŠb cÖe„wË, Avb›`,
NwbôZv I cÖRbb, Kíbv wejvm, AvKv•Lv, wek¦vmmg~n, `„wóf½x, g~j¨‡eva, AvPiYmg~n, f‚wgKv I
m¤cK©mg~n, wPšÍvi g‡a¨ †hŠbZvi AwfÁZv jvf Ges Zvi cÖKvk| †hŠbZvi g‡a¨ GB me welqB
AšÍf©z³ i‡q‡Q, Z‡e G¸‡jvi me¸‡jv m¤c‡K©B AwfÁZv cvIqv hvq bv A_ev cÖKvwkZI nqbv|
†hŠbZvi welqwU wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv ( wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v, Lmov Kvh©Ki msÁv Ges A‡±vei -2002)
w`‡q cÖfvweZ nq, †mMy‡jv n‡”Q ˆRweK, gb¯ÍvwË¡K, mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK, ms¯‹…wZK,
‰bwZK, AvBbMZ, HwZnvwmK, ag©xq Ges Ava¨vwZK welq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cvi¯cvwiK m¤cK©|
†RÛvi: †RÛvi GKwU cyivZb kã hv bZzb A_© aviY K‡i‡Q| GwU AvšÍm¤úK©hy³, GK¸”Q aviYvwfwËK
GKwU kã| KviY kãwUi GB eënvi bZzb| A‡bKUv mU©n¨v‡Ûi g‡Zv hv Abyev` Kiv KwVb| †RÛvi
m¤c‡K© msÁv ej‡Z †M‡j ej‡Z nq †h, GwU cyiæl I bvixi g‡a¨ AvPiYMZ cv_©K¨mg~n †h¸‡jv
mvgvwRKfv‡e wbwg©Z| GB cv_©K¨My‡jv ˆRweK bq Z‡e †m¸‡jv gvby‡liB m„ó cv_©K¨| †RÛvi †Kvb
¯’vqx welq bq; GUv cwieZ©b Kiv hvq ev e`wj‡q †djv hvq| †RÛvi cwiwPwZ ˆRweK A_ev ˆjw½K
cwiPq †_‡K wfbœ| ˆRweK cwiPq evB‡i †_‡K kvixwiKfv‡eB `„k¨gvb n‡q _v‡K Aciw`‡K †RÛvi
cwiwPwZ n‡”Q Af¨šÍixY Av‡eM A_ev gb¯ÍvwË¡K welq A_ev c„_K c„_K †Kvb e¨w³ we‡k‡li iæwP ev
cQ‡›ì Dci †mUv wbf©i K‡i| †Kvb GKRb cyiæl ev †g‡q n‡q Rb¥v‡j Zviv Zv‡ì‡K ˆRweK fv‡e
wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| GQvov wewfbœ cÖgvY †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, †RÛvi cwiwPwZ †Kej bvix I cyiæ‡li
g‡a¨B mxgve× bq| GLb mviv we‡k¦B Ab¨vb¨ †RÛvi cwiwPwZ i‡q‡Q, Z‡e †m¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ †`‡k
wewfbœfv‡e AwfwnZ ev wPwýZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GwU †RÛvi-m‡PZbZv hvPvB bq| GwU g~jZ †Kvb
cix¶vI bq| gvby‡li f~wgKv Ges KvRKg© m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì cÖv_wgK wPšÍv Rvbvi GKwU Dcvq gvÎ|
†RÛvi I †m· Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨: ˆRweK fv‡e m„ó-bvix cyiæ‡li êwkó¨ m~PK wfbœZv ev kvixwiK
êwk‡óï wfwË‡Z bvix- cyiæ‡li ¯^vZš¿¨Zv wKsev kixie„Ëxqfv‡e wba©vwiZ bvix- cyiæ‡li êwkó¨ hv
AcwieZ©Yxq| ‡m· ev wj½ n‡”Q bvixZ¡ I cyiæl‡Z¡i (Femaleness & Maleness) ˆRweK ev
kvixwiK Dcv`vb, Avi bvix I cyiæl m¤^Üxq gb¯ÍvvwË¡K, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK‡eva n‡”Q †RÛvi|
Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Û ZvB AvR †RÛvi Ges †m‡·i g‡a¨ mywbw`©ó cv_©K¨ Uvbv nq|
†m· ev ˆRe wj½ ‡RÛvi ev mvgvwRK wj½
• kvixwiK/ˆRweK  mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I gb¯ÍvwË¡K
• mve©Rbxb  mgvR ms¯‹…wZ †f‡` wfbœ
• AcwieZ©bxq  cwieZ©b‡hvM¨
• cÖvK…wZKfv‡e m„ó  mgvR-ms¯‹…wZ †_‡K M„nxZ
‡RÛvi m¤úK© ms¯‹…wZ, RvwZ, ag©, †kªYx †f‡` wfbœ| mgv‡R wfbœ wfbœ iKg n‡jI †MvUv wek¦Ry‡o `ywU
¸iæZ¡c~Y© †¶‡Î mvaviYZ Awfbœ Ae¯’v we`¨gvb| G¸‡jv nj bvix-cyiæ‡li ˆ`bw›`b KvR, `vq-`vwqZ¡
eëüZ mg‡qi †¶‡Î wfbœZv ev AmgZv A_©vr †RÛvi wfwËK kªg wefvM| wØZxqZ cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq
m¤úwË, AwaKvi , cQ›` ¶gZv, wbqš¿Y, wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î bvixi AwaKvinxbZv ev my‡hv‡Mi Afve
A_©vr mgv‡R bvixi Agh©v`vRbK ev Aa¯Íb Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q| Ô‡m·Õ wK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z †`‡L wew¯§Z
Ges †KŠZznjx n‡q D‡V cÖvq mKj eq‡mi bvix-cyiæl| cÖK…Z A‡_© †m· Ges †RÛv‡ii cv_©K¨ hvPvB
Kiv nq Ges GB cv_©K¨ ey‡S †RÛv‡ii aviYv †bIqv Zvici Avgv‡ì Abyaveb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb wKfv‡e
bvix-cyiæl, evjK-evwjKvi Ici Dbœqb cÖwµqvi cÖfve c‡o|
9
‡m· wj½ GKwU ˆRweK mËv| gvbyl bvix A_ev cyiæl wn‡m‡e Rb¥MÖnY K‡i; cyiæl mšÍvb Rb¥ ‡`qvi
Rb¨ exh© †`q, bvix mšÍvb M‡f© aviY K‡i, mšÍvb Rb¥ †`q, gvbewkï‡K c„w_ex‡Z ¯’vcb Kivq| GB
kvixwiK cv_©‡Kï Ici wbf©i K‡i Avgiv mvgvwRK `„wófw½, eënvi Ges Kg©KvÛ ˆZix Kwi- G¸‡jvB
Avgv‡ì †RÛvi f~wgKv Ges cwiPq| ZvB Gme‡K cÖkœ Kivi A_© Avgv‡ì †evSvcovi wfwË, Avgv‡ì
e¨w³MZ Ges mvgvwRK m¤úK©, Avgv‡ì ms¯‹…wZ I ci¯ú‡K© AvµgY Kiv|
†Q‡j I †g‡qi g‡a¨ êlg¨g~jK AvPiY: †Q‡j I †g‡qi g‡a¨ êlg¨g~jK AvPiY `~i Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb
mvgvwRK `„wófw½i cwieZ©b| †hme wkky bvix-cyiæl we‡f` ev êlg¨c~Y© cwi‡e‡k eo nq ZvivB
cieZx©‡Z bvix-cyiæ‡li cÖwZ êlg¨g~jK AvPiY K‡i †ewk| Avgv‡ì mgv‡R GKUv e×g~j aviYv
Av‡Q †h, †g‡qiv Rb¥MZfv‡e GKUz big-kig ¯^fv‡ei nq Avi †Q‡jiv nq GKUz Wvbwc‡U ¯^fv‡ei|
GgbwK GKwU †Q‡j wkky I GKwU †g‡q wkkyi AvPvi-AvPiY jÿ¨ Ki‡jI Ggb wPÎB dz‡U D‡V|
Avgv‡ì ˆkk‡ei w`‡K wd‡I ZvKv‡jB †`L‡Z cvB, †g‡q wkky‡ì KLbI Mvwo ev dzUej RvZxq
†Ljbv †Ìqv nq bv| †g‡q‡ì ˆkke Kv‡U nvwo-cvwZj, cyZzj, ‡eŠwP, †MvjøvQzU †Ljv †L‡j| †Q‡j
Avi †g‡q wkkyi g‡a¨ `„k¨gvb GKwU cv_©K¨ Av‡Q †mwU kyayB kvixwiK| wKš‘ gvby‡li kixi †Zv
cwiPvwjZ nq gw¯Í®‹ Øviv Avi GB gw¯Í‡®‹ wkkyKv‡jB XzwK‡q †`qv nq bvix-cyiæ‡li we‡f`|
†Q‡j‡ì g‡a¨ êlg¨g~jK AvPiY: Avgv‡ì †`‡ki mgvR eë¯’v cÖavbZ cyiælZvwš¿K ev wcZ…Zvwš¿K|
Avi ZvB †QvU†ejv †_‡KB †g‡q wkkyi ZzjbvB †Q‡j wkky‡K †ewk cÖvavb¨ †`qv nq| myZivs kZel©
Av‡M †eMg †iv‡Kqv bvix-cyiæ‡li †h mgZvi ¯^cœ †`‡LwQ‡jb, †m ¯^cœ AvR kZ eQi ciI Avgiv mdj
Ki‡Z cvwi wb Avgv‡ì wcZ„Zvwš¿K mgvR eë¯’vq| †Q‡j‡ì †hiKg n‡Z n‡e Zv nj-
• ‡Q‡j‡ì ˆ`wnK kw³‡Z ejxqvb n‡Z n‡e ev myVvg †`nKvVv‡gv n‡e
• ‡Q‡jiv fvix KvR-Kg© Ki‡e
• ‡Q‡jiv cwiev‡ii cÖavb n‡e
• EcvR©bÿg n‡e
• ‡h‡Kv‡bv wel‡q cwiKíbv I wm×všÍ wb‡Z cvi‡e
• ivwÎ‡ejvq evB‡i wbf©‡q Pjv‡div Ki‡Z cvi‡e
• ‡Q‡jiv nvU-evRvi Ki‡e
• ivRbxwZwe` n‡Z cvi‡e BZ¨vw`|
†g‡qi g‡a¨ êlg¨g~jK AvPiY: Avgv‡ì mgvR eë¯’vq Ggb KZ¸‡jv ixwZbxwZ I cÖ_v weivRgvb hv
wcZ…Zvwš¿K fvev‡e‡M ˆZwi| †hgb-
• ‡g‡q‡ì †Rv‡i K_v ej‡Z †bB
• bvix‡ì cyiæ‡li Av‡M LvIqv wVK bv
• ‡g‡qiv †QvU‡ejv †_‡K cyZzj I ivbœvevwU †Lj‡e
• ‡g‡qiv gvwR©Z †cvkvK ci‡e
• bvix‡ì †R` Ki‡Z ‡bB
• ‡g‡qiv j¤^v Pzj ivL‡e
• FZzgwZ †g‡q‡ì †Kvb wKQy ai‡Z †bB BZ¨vw`|
†QvU †ejv †_‡KB gvbyl GmKj mvgvwRK ixwZbxwZ †`L‡Z I ‡g‡b Pj‡Z Af¨¯Í| Gfv‡e Ae¨vnZ
PP©vi d‡j ixwZbxwZ¸‡jv k³ wfZ †c‡q hvq| hv ax‡i ax‡i bvix‡ì wØZxq †kªYxi gvbyl wn‡m‡e
fve‡Z †kLvq|
êlg¨g~jK AvPiY `~ixKi‡Y KiYxq: gvbyl mvgvwRK Rxe| mgvRe× n‡q gvbyl emevm K‡i Avm‡Q
c„w_ex m„wói kyiæ †_‡K; Avi ZvB GB mgv‡R emevm K‡i n‡iK iK‡gi gvbyl Ges gvby‡li g‡a¨ †h
êlg¨vw` Av‡Q Zv Avgv‡ì gb‡b wPšÍv, †PZbvq I evK wewbg‡q G welqwU‡K AwZ mZK©fv‡e cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z n‡e|
10
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq (Chapter Three)
(Sex and Reproductive Health and Rights)
m¦v¯’¨
¯^v¯’¨ n‡”Q GKwU cwic~Y© kvixwiK, gvbwmK I mvgvwRK my¯’ Ae¯’v; ïaygvÎ †iv‡Mi Abycw¯’wZ ev Amy¯’Zv
bq| ¯^v¯’¨ gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi Ges mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi MyiæZ¡c~Y© m~PK wn‡m‡e ¯^v¯’¨
m~PK mve©Rbxbfv‡e ¯^xK…Z (m~Î: Avjgv AvZv, wek^¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi 31 Zg ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ m‡¤§jb)| †hŠb I
cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ‰K‡kv‡i A‡b‡KB weevwnZ ev weevn ewn©f~Z †hŠb m¤ú‡K© Rwo‡q c‡o| G‡ÿ‡Î
cÖRbb ¯^v¯^¨ ev †hŠbZv m¤ú‡K© AÁZvi Kvi‡Y Zviv AbvKvw•LZ Mf©aviY K‡i d‡j Awbivc`
Mf©cv‡Zi Kvi‡Y A‡bK wK‡kvix g„ZzëiY K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z eÜ¨vZ¡ †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i cÖRbbZ‡š¿i
cÖ`v‡ni d‡j| ZvQvovI AÁZvi Kvi‡Y GBP AvBwf ev GBW&m G AvµvšÍ nIqvi SyuwK G eq‡m †ekx
n‡q _v‡K| Avi ZvB GB eq‡m †hŠb I cªRbb ¯^v¯’¨ m¤ú‡K© wK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡ì Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| ‡hŠb
I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges AwaKvi A_ev GmAviGBPAvi n‡”Q mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKv‡ii Ask hv †hŠb I
cÖRbb ¯^v‡¯’ï †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| GwU PviwU c„_K Dcv`v‡bi wewfbœ welq‡K wb‡q AvewZ©Z n‡q _v‡K|
Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡”Q 1. †hŠb ¯^v¯’¨, 2. †hŠb AwaKvi, 3. cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges cÖRbb AwaKvimg~n|
evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi 43 kZvsk RbM‡Yi eqm 15 eQ‡ii wb‡P (WHO-2007)| Avi G
wecyj msL¨K wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì eqtmwÜKv‡j ¯^v¯’¨ SyuwKI _v‡K A‡bK †ewk| evsjv‡`‡k 20-24
eQi eqmx bvix‡ì 18 eQ‡ii c~‡e© weevwnZ 66% bvix 2011 (AvBwmAviWvweøD- BDwb‡md) Ges
48% bvix (RvwZmsN)| ‡hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nIqvi eqm-eqtmwÜKv‡jB †hŠb
I cªRbb ¯^v¯’¨ m¤ú‡K© wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb A_©vr 10-14 eQi eq‡m Gme m¤ú‡K© Ávb
_vKv cÖ‡qvRb| ‡hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev‡K c„_K Dcv`v‡bi wewfbœ welq‡K wb‡q AvewZ©Z n‡q _v‡K|
wb‡¤œv³ wel‡qi Dci avivevwn‡Ki GKwU Ask avcmg~n n‡”Q-
• åæY
• ‡dUvm
• beRvZK
• m`¨ Pjbÿg wkky
• cÖv_wgK ˆkkeKvj (wkky)
cÖvK-‰K‡kvi
• ‰K‡kvi
• cÖvßeq¯‹
• gaëqm
• e„×eqm
Rxe weÁv‡bi fvlvq
• wb‡lK
• cÖme
• nuvUv
• fvlv Ávb AR©b
• eqtmwÜ
• eqme„w×
• g„Zz¨
11
AwaKvi
AwaKvi n‡”Q µgea©gvb GKMy”Q AwaKv‡ii mgwó hv mgvR I ivóª KZ…©K ¯^xK…Z my‡hvM-myweav †fv‡Mi
gva¨‡g bvMwi‡Ki e¨w³‡Z¡i weKvk N‡U| †hLv‡b †Kv‡bv e¨w³ iv‡óª ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡i| ivóª cÖ`Ë
mKj AwaKvi †hgb-‡gŠwjK AwaKvi, mvgvwRK AwaKvi, AvB‡bi AvkÖq jv‡fi AwaKvi, ivR‰bwZK
AwaKvi I A_©‰bwZK AwaKvi ‡fvM K‡i _v‡K| iv‡ói bvMwiK wn‡m‡e †h e¨w³ m¤§vb I gh©v`v †c‡q
_v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi 26 †_‡K 47 Aby‡”Q‡` mKj ai‡bi †gŠwjK AwaKv†ii K_v
my¯úófv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Ac-AwaKvi Av‡m g~jZ cÖfzZ¡, `Lj`vwiZ¡, ¯^vwgZ¡, fq, †jvf-jvjmv, ÿgZvi Aceënvi, m‡e©vcwi
AwfÁZvi I cÖÁvi †Kv‡bv wel‡q ARynvZ †`wL‡q AwaKv‡ii Aceënvi Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki
msweav‡bi 102 (1) Aby‡”Q‡` AwaKvi jw•NZ n‡j wK KiYxq ZvI D‡jøL Kiv Av‡Q|
†hŠb ¯^v¯’¨ Kx: ‡hŠb ¯^v¯’¨ n‡”Q ‡hŠbZvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ kvixwiK, Av‡eMcÖeYZv, gvbwmK I mvgvwRK
Kj¨v‡Yi GKwU Ae¯’v; GUv †KejB †ivM bv _vKv, kixi wVKg‡Zv KvR bv Kiv A_ev †Kvb cÖKvi
kvixwiK `ye©jZv bv _vKv‡K eySvq bv| †hŠb ¯^v¯’¨ wbwðZ Kivi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRb †hŠb I †hŠbZvi
m¤ú‡K©i ‡ÿ‡Î GKwU BwZevPK I m¤§vbRbK aviYv †cvlY Kiv Ges GKB mv‡_ †Kvb cÖKvi ej
cÖ‡qvM e¨wZ‡i‡K m¤¢ve¨ Avb›``vqK I wbivc` †hŠb AwfÁZv jvf Kiv|
†hŠb ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi: †hŠb ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi ej‡Z ‡mB ¯^v¯’¨‡K eySvq hvi gva¨‡g gvbyl my¯’ I wbivc`fv‡e
kvixwiK m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i, my¯’fv‡e mšÍvb Rb¥`v‡bi ÿgZv iv‡L, cyiælZ¡ I bvix‡Z¡i mvgwMÖK
¯^v¯’¨ ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i| ‡hŠb ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi n‡jv bvix I cyiæl Df‡qi †ÿ‡Î †hŠb I cÖRbb msµvšÍ
†h‡Kv‡bv cÖm‡½ wbR¯^ m¤§wZ I wbe©vP‡bi AwaKvi| ‡hŠb ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi kyaygvÎ cÖRbbZ‡š¿i Kvh© Ges
cÖRbb cÖwµqvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZv| †hŠb ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKviMy‡jv n‡”Q-
• RbM‡bi m‡šÍvlRbK I wbivc` †hŠb Rxe‡bi AwaKvi
• mšÍvb Drcv`‡bi ÿgZv Ges KLb wKfv‡e Zv m¤úvw`Z n‡e †mB wm×všÍ †bIqvi ¯^vaxbZvi
AwaKvi
• cÖRbb wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ AvBb weiæ× n‡e bv Ggb wbivc` Kvh©Kix, mva¨vqvË Ges
MÖnY‡hvM¨ cwievi cwiKíbv c×wZ Rvbvi Ges cQ›`gZ †e‡Q †bIqvi AwaKvi
• wbivc` gvZ…‡Z¡i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev cvIqvi AwaKvi
• cÖ‡qvRbgZ †hŠbevwnZ †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv cvIqvi AwaKvi
‡hŠb AwaKvi: †hŠb AwaKvi n‡”Q µgea©gvb GKMy”Q AwaKv‡ii mgwó, †hMy‡jv †hŠbZvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³|
GB AwaKviMy‡jv Avcbv‡K Avgv‡ì ‰jw½MZv w`‡q m½x‡ì e¨vcv‡i, †MvcbxqZv I Avb›`jv‡fi
wel‡q wb‡Ri wm×všÍ wb‡Z mnvqK n‡e| †hŠb AwaKvi Avevi gvbevwaKviI, Gi A_© n‡”Q †`‡ki
bvMwiK wn‡m‡e †KDB †KejgvÎ Zvi ‰jw½K cwiwPwZ I †RÛvi cwiP‡qi Kvi‡Y Avb›` cvevi †ÿÎ
†_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡Z cv‡i bv| Gi Dci WAS (World Congrase of Sexuality) 1999 mv‡j
nsKs‡q AbywôZ †hŠb Z‡Ë¡i Dci PZz`©k wek^ Ks‡MÖ‡m †hŠb AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© GKwU mve©Rbxb
†NvlbvcÎ MÖnY K‡i, hvi g‡a¨ cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e wb‡¤œv³ †hŠb AwaKvimg~n‡K AšÍf©y³ Kiv nq|
AwaKviMy‡jv n‡”Q:
• ‡hŠb ¯^vaxbZv
• ‡hŠb ¯^vqZ¡kvmb, †hŠb ALÛZv Ges Rbbv‡½i wbivcËv
• B”Qvaxb I `vwqZ¡kxj cÖRbb cQ›` Ki‡Z cvivi ¯^vaxbZv
• ‰eÁvwbK AbymÜvb g~jK †hŠbZv welqK Z_¨ cvevi wbðqZv
12
• ‡hŠb Avb›` cvevi †ÿ‡Î †hŠb mgZv weavb
• Av‡eM m¤^wjZ †hŠb m¤ú‡K©i cÖKvk
• B”Qvaxb †hŠb mn‡hvMx wbe©vPb
• mvgwMÖKfv‡e †hŠbZv m¤ú‡K© wkÿvi wbðqZv
Z_¨m~Î: †RÛvi Bmy¨, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ mnvwqKv
cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨: cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ myiÿv GKwU m¤ú~Y© kvixwiK, gvbwmK I mvgwRK fv‡e fv‡jv _vKvi welq
Ges GwU ¸ayB †ivM ev kvixwiK mgm¨v _vKvi Ici wbf©i K‡ibv| cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ ej‡Z cÖRbb cÖYvjx
Ges Gi Kvh©Kjvc I cÖwÎæqvmg~‡ni mv‡_ hy³ mKj welq‡KI †evSvq| myZivs cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ ej‡Z
Avgiv eywS †h†Kvb gvbyl m‡šÍvlRbK I wbivc` †hŠb hvcb Ki‡Z cvi‡Q Ges GKB mv‡_ Zv‡ì
cÖRb‡bi ÿgZv i‡q‡Q Ges G m¤ú‡K© wm×všÍ †bqvi ¯^vaxbZv i‡q‡Q| cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ m¤úwK©Z welq¸‡jv
n‡”Q-cwievi cwiKíbv c×wZ, ¯^v¯’¨wewam¤§Z eë¯’v, cwiPh©v, cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv BZ¨vw`|
3.5 cÖRbb ¯^v‡¯’ï Dcv`vb: cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev g~jZ wkky R‡b¥i ci †_‡K kyiæ nq| cÖRbb ¯^v‡¯’ï
Dcv`vb mg~n:
• wbivc` gvZ…Z¡
• cwievi cwiKíbv
• SuywKc~Y© Mf©cvZ ‡iva Kiv
• cyiæl mgv‡Ri `vwqZ¡c~Y© AvPiY
• cÖRbb A½ msµg‡Yi wPwKrmv
• ‡hŠbevwnZ †iv‡Mi Kvh©Ki cÖwZ‡iva
• wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨
cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ †mevq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© 8 wU Dcv`vb:

1. wbivc` gvZ…Z¡ (cÖm‡ei c~‡e© cwiPh©v, cÖmve‡Ëvi cwiPh©v, wbivc` cÖmve, wUwU) Avgv‡ì †`‡k
RxweZ mšÍvb cÖmv‡e cÖwZ jv‡L 320 Rb gwnjv Mf© I cÖme Kvjxb mgq gviv hvq|
2. beRvZ‡Ki cwiPh©v: cªm~wZ gv‡qi cvkvcvwk beRvZ‡Ki hZœ †bIhv DwPr|
3. cwievi cwiKíbv: cwiKwíZ cwiev‡ii Rb¨ wK¬wbKvj I bb-wK¬wbKvj me avi‡bi cÏwZ
m¤ú‡K© †R‡b Dchy³ cÏwZ †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e|
4. gv‡qi cywó: GKRb gv‡qi cwiwgZ I cywóKi Lvevi AZ¨šÍ ìKvi| my¯’ gv gv‡bB ¯^v¯’evb
wkï|
5. SyuwKc~Y© Mf©cvZ‡iva I cieZ©x RwUjZv msµvšÍ eë¯’vcbv: Mf©cvZ cieZ©x RwUjZv m¤ú‡K©
†R‡b `ªæZ †mev †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
6. AviwUAvB/GmwUAvB/GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva I wbqš¿Y: †hŠbevwnZ †ivM‡K j¾vi welq
g‡b bv K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmv MªnY Kiv DwPZ|
7. wK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡ì cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ I cwiPh©v: eqtmwÜKv‡j Rxeb MV‡bi Dchy³ mgq ZvB G
mgq †_‡KB cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ wel‡q wkÿv †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb|
8. eÜ¨vZ¡Zvi wPwKrmv: Avgv‡ì †`‡k eÜvZ¡ wb‡q bvbv avi‡bi Kyms¯‹vi Avi fzj aviYv cÖPwjZ
Av‡Q, †h Kvi‡Y A‡bK cwiev‡i AkvwšÍ weivR K‡i| ZvB G m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYv _vKv
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rb¨ Riæwi|
13
cÖRbb AwaKvi
cÖRbb AwaKvi n‡jv KLb mšÍvb MÖnb Ki‡e †mB wm×všÍ †bqvi AwaKvi| cÖRbb AwaKvi ej‡Z kyay
bvixi bq, eis bvix I cyiæl Df‡qiB kixi I gb‡K wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi‡K eySvq| GKwU RywU‡K
Aek¨B Zv‡ì mšÍvb †bqvi †ÿ‡Î cwiKíbv Kivi Ges h‡_ô AewnZ n‡q wm×všÍ MÖnb Kivi my‡hvM
w`‡Z n‡e| Z‡e GUv ‡h memgqB m¤¢e n‡e Zv bq KviY, A‡bK †`‡kB wkÿvi mxgve×Zvi d‡j
Ges cwievi cwiKíbvi DcKiY cvevi †ÿ‡Î Amyweavi Kvi‡Y GiKg fv‡e wm×všÍ †bqv m¤¢e nqbv|
cÖRbb AwaKv‡ii g‡a¨ Av‡iv i‡q‡Q cwievi cwiKíbvi wm×všÍ †bqvi mg‡q êlg¨ ˆZix, ejcÖ‡qvM
Kiv ev mwnsmZvi wkKvi nIqv †_‡K gyw³ cvIqv|
wK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡ì †hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v‡¯’ï cª‡qvRbxqZv

wK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡ì my¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ Ab¨b¨ ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi cvkvcvwk cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ †mevI MÖnY Kiv Riæix|
mgqgZ I mwVK cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi Afv‡e wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixiv gvivZ¡K RwUjZvi m¤§ywLb n‡Z cv‡i|
cÖvq †ÿ‡ÎB †`Lv hvq wK‡kvi wK‡kvixiv j¾v-ms‡KvP ev f‡q cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v welq¸‡jv wb‡Ri
g‡a¨ jywK‡q iv‡L| KLbI KLbI Zviv nvZz‡o Wv³vi KweivR ev ISvi ¯§iYvcbœ nq, G‡Z Zviv fzj
wPwKrmv I cÖZviYvi wkKvi nq| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki †ewkifvM †g‡q‡ì ˆKk‡i we‡q n‡q _v‡K| GRb¨
cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi cÖ‡qvRb| mvaviYZ wK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡ì Rb¨ †m ai‡bi cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi
cÖ‡qvRb nq †m¸‡jv nj:
• cÖRbb¯^v¯’¨ wel‡q Z_¨ I civgk©
• cÖRbbZ‡š¿i msµvgY I †hŠb‡iv‡Mi wPwKrmv
• cwievi cwiKíbv wel‡q †mev
• Mf©ve¯’vq, cÖm‡ei mgq I cÖme cieZx© †mev
14
PZz_© Aa¨vq (Chapter Four)
†hŠb nqivwb
(Sexual harassment)
†hŠb nqivwb Kx
bvix wbh©vZ‡bi K_v Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g K‡qKwU ¯^RvZxq Uvg© ev kã m¤^‡Ü aviYv cwi¯‹vi
n‡Z n‡e| †hgb †hŠb nqivwb (Sexual Harrassment), DZ¨³ Kiv ev VvÆv gkKiv Kiv I
wbh©vZb (Violence)| `yRb gvby‡li ga¨Kvi †hŠb AvKl©‡Yi mv‡_ †hŠb nqivwbi m¤úK© LyeB Kg|
eiÂ †hŠb c¶cvwZZ¡, Am‡šÍvlRbK I wb›`bxq gšÍe¨, nvefve A_ev ¯úk© Gi AvIZvfy³| êlg¨
m„wói GUv GK ai‡Yi †KŠkj Ges Gi Øviv ¶gZvi Aceënvi Kiv nq| ( Equal Opportunity
Research Project, University of Cape Town; ‡_‡K †bqv) GUv e¨w³i e¨w³¯^Ëvi Dci
AvNvZ nv‡b| VvÆv gkKiv mvaviYZt eÜziv eÜz‡ì K‡i _v‡K| Lye wbKU eÜz‡ì mv‡_ Avgiv VvÆv
gkKiv Kwi, wewfbœ fv‡e wewfbœ welq wb‡q| †hgb, †Kvb KvR, †Kvb Af¨vm hv Avgv‡ì †Pv‡L
†eLvàv †V‡K Zv wb‡q Avgiv Zvr¶wbKfv‡e VvÆv gkKiv K‡i _vwK| A‡bK mgq my›ì †Pnviv wb‡q,
kvixwiK MVb wb‡qI VvÆv gkKiv Kiv nq| gkKivKvix‡K hw` Avgiv `vZv I gkKiv MÖnYKvix‡K
hw` Avgiv MÖnxZv ewj Z‡e GB VvÆv gkKivi djvdj wbf©i K‡i `vZv I MÖnxZvi m¤ú‡K©i Dci|
 hw` m¤úK© Lye Nwbô nq Z‡e VvÆv-gkKivi gvÎv evov‡bv hvq Ab¨_vq m¤úK© Lye Nwbô bv
n‡j VvÆv gkKiv MÖnxZvi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ bv n‡q eis AcgvbRbK g‡b n‡Z cv‡i|
 GQvovI, ¶gZvi êl‡gï Dci VvÆv gkKivi gvÎv I cÖwZwµqv wbf©ikxj| cÖvqB Zv Kiv
nq wb‡Ri ¶gZv, KZ…©Z¡ I wbqš¿Y †`Lv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨|
Kv‡RB `vZv I MÖnxZvi Ae¯’v‡bi DciI Gi cªfve A‡bK †ekx wbf©i K‡i| †hgb eD †cUv‡bv,
†`viiv gviv BZ¨vw`| Gm‡ei g~j AšÍwbwn©Z aviYv n‡”Q ¶gZv Ges wbqš¿‡Yi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bv|
Kv‡RB G e¨vcv‡i mvaviYZt cÖ‡Z¨‡KB m¤ú‡K©i gvÎv Abyhvqx VvÆv gkKiv K‡i _v‡Kb| ¯‹zj K‡jR
Awdm Av`vj‡Zi me‡¶‡ÎB eÜziv eÜz‡ì gvÎv Abyhvqx VvÆv gkKiv K‡i _v‡Kb| Amyweav ZLbB
nq hLb `vZv I MÖnxZvi gv‡S m¤úK© VvÆv gkKivi ch©v‡q bv nq Ges `vZv c¶ hw` †m e¨vcv‡i
IqvwKenvj bv _v‡Kb| D`vniY¯îƒct mnKg©x gwb AweevwnZv, cvwievwiK `vq`vwqZ¡ †Zgb †bB e‡j
`„k¨Z g‡b nq| Kv‡RB hLbB Dwb gvwmK †eZb DVvb Avwg †`L‡jB ewj, gwb Avcv Avcbvi UvKv
cqmvi wK ìKvi| wbðq kvox †Kbvi R‡b¨ †eZb †Zv‡jb| hw` gwb Avgvi AšÍi½ eÜzZ¡ ch©v‡q bv
c‡ob Z‡e GUv ejv Ab¨vq|
†Kb bv Ggb A‡bK cyiæl mnKg©x Av‡Qb hviv Avgvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †eZb Zzj‡jI KLbI Avwg
Zv‡ì‡K IiKg gšÍe¨ Kwi bv| KviY PvKzix Kiv I †eZb †Zvjv cyiælvjx KvR e‡j Avgv‡ì aviYv
hv‡K, ejv hvq †hŠb c¶cvwZZ¡| wKš‘ gwnjvi †ejvq GUv g‡b nq Ab_©K ev AhvwPZ KvR| Kv‡RB
Zv‡K kvox Kvc‡oi K_v e‡j e¨½ Ki‡Z Avgvi ev‡a bv| A_P GUv Ab¨vq Ges GUv gkKivi ch©v‡q
c‡o| gwnjv‡ì wbqš¿‡Y I Ae`g‡b ivLvi R‡b¨ mgv‡R wKQy my¶ †KŠkj KvR K‡i hvi kyiæ nq
nvjKv VvÆv gkKiv (Harassment) w`‡q wKš‘ Zvi gvÎv kvixwiK (Physical) I ˆRweK
(sexual) Acgvb ch©šÍ Movq| mvaviYZ hv Avgiv wbZ¨w`b ïb‡Z cvB Zv n‡jv gwnjv‡ì Mv‡qi
is, †mŠ›`h© BZ¨vw` wb‡q gZvgZ, Kvco Rvgv, kvox wb‡q A‡nZzK gšÍe¨ Kiv| GKRb‡K (†m gwnjv
ev cyiæl †nvK) my›ì, ¯§vU© Kvco covi Rb¨ †h †Kvb mgqB cÖksmv Kiv hvq hw` m¤úK©Uv †miKg
nq ‡m‡¶‡Î GKUv gvwR©Z NwbôZv †_‡K gšÍe¨ Kiv nq| wKš‘ hLbB GB gšÍe¨ Kiv nq †Kvb we‡kl
e¨w³‡K cÖvq cÖwZw`bB ZLb Zv MÖnxZvi Rb¨ weiw³Ki e¨vcvi n‡h ùvovq| Kv‡RB Gi gvÎv Rvb‡Z
n‡e| GRb¨ eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e Dcw¯’Z eyw×, mggwg©Zv| Avgv‡ì‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e Ggb †Kvb
gšÍe¨ Kiv †_‡K †hb Avgiv weiZ _vwK †h gšÍe¨ †Kvb gvbyl‡K ïaygvÎ †m gwnjv e‡j ev cyiæl e‡jB
15
Kiv nq| GUv n‡Z cv‡i e¨w³i ¯^fve, Af¨vm, iæwP, cQ›`-AcQ›` wb‡q, A_ev Zvi MVb cÖK…wZ,
Kvco †Pvco, `¶Zv- A`¶Zv, Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ wb‡q wKsev kvwiixK m¤úK© wb‡q| D`vniY ¯îƒc
K‡qKwU gšÍe¨ ev eënvi Zz‡j aiwQ|
 Gme KvR †g‡q‡ì gvbvq bv|
 (gwnjv mnKg©x‡K) fvB‡qi Kv‡Q AvcwbB hvb, †g‡q †`L‡j fvB wKQy e‡j bv| wKsev
cyiæl‡ì KwVb ev Riæix Kv‡R cvVv‡bv| †hgb- KvRUv Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, †Q‡j‡g‡ìB Kiv
DwPZ|
 GLb‡Zv Avcv‡ìB mgq (gwnjv‡K)
 iv¯ÍZvq c_ AvM‡j ùvov‡bv|
 Avcbviv _vK‡j Awd‡mi †PnvivB e`‡j hvq|
 Awd‡mi KvR Ki‡j fv‡jv kvox Kvco c‡o Avmv DwPr|
 Avcwb hv K‡ib Avcv, Avgvi †evb n‡j Zv Ki‡Z w`Zvg bv| BZ¨vw`|
Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq Avgv‡ì A‡PZb g‡b Avgiv A‡bK KvR Kwi ev K_v ewj hv ejvi mgq Avgiv ¯’vb
Kvj cv‡Îi †f`v‡f` Ki‡Z fy‡j hvB| †h‡nZz gv †evb Ges fvexi Dci KZ©„Z¡ me evev, fvBivB Kg
†ekx K‡i _v‡Kb Kv‡RB Avgiv ms¯’v‡Z G‡mI gwnjv mnKg©xi mv‡_ GKB my‡i K_v ej‡Z wØav Kwi
bv| G‡¶‡Î g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e mnKg©x †m cyiælB ‡nvK Avi gwnjvB †nvK mKjB mgvb| Zviv Avgv‡ì
Nwbô eÜz ev AvZ¥xq bq| Kv‡RB GLv‡b AvPvi eënv‡i Ggb †Kbv wKQy cÖKvk Kiv mgxwPb n‡e bv
hv Avgvi mnKg©xi mgZvi m¤úK©‡K nxb K‡i|
G K_v cyiæl gwnjv Df‡qi R‡b¨B cÖ‡qvR¨| Avgiv cyiæliv †hgb gwnjv Kg©xi mv‡_ Kg©gq m¤ú‡K©
Af¨¯’ bB, †Zgwb gwnjv Kg©xI A‡bK mgq eyS‡Z cv‡ib bv †Kvb eënviwU GLv‡b hyw³hy³| Kv‡RB
A‡bK mgqB gwnjviv nq‡Zv cyiæl Kg©x‡K AwZwi³ gvb¨MY¨ K‡ib| bq‡Zv ev D‡ëvUvI n‡Z cv‡i|
Ges cyiæliv gwnjv Kg©x‡K †ev‡bi gZ g‡b K‡i Zvi K_vq KY©cvZ Kg K‡ib, GgbwK Zvi K_v‡K
gh©v`vI Kg †`b| hvi cÖwZdj‡b wgwUs‡q †g‡q‡ì AskMÖnY K‡g hvq, hvI ev AskMÖnY Zviv K‡i
_v‡Kb ZvI Avevi MÖv‡nï g‡a¨ Avbv nq bv| G‡Z †g‡q‡ì wb‡R‡ì gZvg‡Zi Dci fimv K‡g
hvq| Zviv m¤§vbnxbZvi †fv‡M, cyiæ‡mi gZvgZ‡K †g‡b †bq (fyj n‡jI) wb‡R‡K me mgq `~e©j
g‡b K‡i| †jvK m¤§y‡L K_v ej‡Z ms‡KvP †eva K‡i| Zv‡ì Mjv Avgiv ïb‡Z cvBbv/PvB bv|
A‡bK mgqB Zv‡ì c‡¶ n‡q Ab¨ †KD AwfgZ (Judgement) w`‡q w`B| Gfv‡e KLbI ‡kvbv‡Z
bv †c‡i KLbI Amèënv‡i AwZô n‡q gwnjviv PvKzixI †Q‡o w`‡Z eva¨ nb|
cyiæl Kg©x I gwnjv Kg©x‡K Avjv`v fv‡e †`Lv, gwnjv Kg©x‡K †kvfv wn‡m‡e wPšÍv ev eënvi Kiv,
AhvwPZ kvixwiK m¤úK© m„wói †Póv Kiv, meB Harassment Gi AvIZvq c‡o| Kv‡RB
Harassment n‡Z cv‡i c‡iv¶fv‡e Avevi cÖZ¨¶fv‡eI gvbwmK Ges kvixwiK `y ai‡Yi| gvbwmK
wbh©vZb AvnZ K‡i hv †`Lv hvq bv, ïay Abyfe Kiv hvq|
A‡bK mgq Avgiv Ggb me gšÍe¨ Kwi hv‡Z e¨w³‡K bv e‡j cyiæl I gwnjv‡ì mvaviYxKiY
(Generalization) Kiv nq| †hgb, †g‡q‡ì Avevi mgq Ávb wK, cyiæliv Zwor , cyiæliv
KZ©e¨civqb, †g‡q gv‡bB †jU, †g‡qiv‡Zv †g‡b wb‡eB BZ¨vw`| A‡bK mgqB Gme gšÍe¨ Ki‡Z
Avgiv wØav Kwibv| †h gwnjviv Avgv‡ì m„ó GB cyiælZ¡ ev †g‡qjx K¨vUvMwi‡Z c‡ob bv, Zv‡ì‡K
Avgiv me mgq Exceptional e‡j Avjv`v K‡i †i‡L Gme gšÍe¨ Kwi| wKš‘ G e¨vcv‡i g‡b ivLv
DwPZ †h, †Kvb gšÍe¨ Kivi Av‡M †f‡e-wPšÍv Kiv DwPZ Ges gwnjv e‡j Generalization bv K‡i
e¨w³ wn‡m‡e gwnjv‡K fve‡j G ai‡Yi gšÍe¨ Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv mnR n‡e|
me mgq Avgv‡ì eënviB cwiPq †`q Avgv‡ì gvbwmKZvi, Avgv‡ì eyw×-we‡ePbvi|
Exceptional hv‡ì ewj Zv‡ì GB Exceptional nevi †cQ‡b KviY¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki‡j nqZ
†`Lv hv‡e mgv‡Ri êlg¨g~jK g‡bvfv‡ei wkKvi Zviv wKQyUv Kg n‡q‡Q e‡jB G‡ì wfbœ ¯^fve
16
PwiÎ n‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB gwnjv e‡jB †KD †evKv nq bv ev cyiæl e‡jB †KD `vwqZ¡evb nqbv| Gi †cQ‡b
mgv‡Ri wKQy KvimvwR i‡h‡Q| G Rb¨ GKKfv‡e cyiæl gwnjv‡K †`vlv‡ivc Ki‡j Pj‡e bv Ges G
wb‡q VvÆv gkKiv Kivi c~‡e© we‡eK‡K cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e, hyw³ Luy‡R wb‡Z n‡e|
Avgv‡ì †QvU †QvU K_vI †hb A‡bï Rb¨ wbh©vZ‡bi KviY bv nq| m‡PZb Dbœqb Kg©x‡K mRvM
_vKv DwPZ ag©, ms¯‹…wZ, mvgvwRKZv, ¯’vb I mg‡qi †`vnvB w`‡q Ggb †Kvb KvR ev gšÍe¨ bv Kiv,
hv Av‡iKRb e¨w³i Rb¨ ( G †¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i gwnjv) AvZ¥m¤§vb ev iæwPnvbxKi nq | Ggb KvR
ev eënvi Kivi Aci bvg n‡”Q VvÆv-gkKiv Avi GB VvÆv gkKiv (Harassment) hLb gvÎv
AwZµg K‡i hvq ZLb Zv nqivbx/wbh©vZ‡bi ch©v‡q c‡o| †RÛvi m‡PZb e¨w³i KZ©e¨ Gme AvPvi
AvPiY ïw×KiY Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZev` Kiv|
Avcbvi wbR eënvi h_vh_ wKbv Zv hvPvB‡qi GKwU Dcvq n‡jv wb‡Ri gb‡K cÖkœ Kiv| †Kvb †Kvb
gvbyl‡K Avcwb Harass K‡ib I †Kb K‡ib? A_ev †Kvb e¨w³ Avcbv‡K Harass K‡i? wK m¤úK©
Zvi mv‡_ Avcbvi? D×©Zb/Aat¯Íb/ †QvU/eo? †kªYx ev c` êlg¨? †Kb K‡ib? fveyb Ges cwinvi
Kiæb Ggb K_v hv Ab¨‡K Kó †`q, cxov †`q|
al©Y: (bvix I wkï wbh©vZb `gb AvBb 2000 (ms‡kvab 2003)

GB AvB‡bi weavb mv‡c‡¶ Ôal©YÕ A_© hw` †Kv‡bv e¨w³ wb‡gœv³ Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv bvixi mv‡_ †hŠb
mnevm K‡i Zvn‡j †mB e¨w³ D³ bvix †K al©Y K‡i‡Q e‡j Mb¨ n‡e|
al©Y n‡”Q GKcÖKvi †hŠb wbh©vZb| hv GKRb m½x ev mw½bxi B”Qvi weiæ‡× ev webv AbygwZ‡Z
†hŠbv‡½i wgjb NwU‡q †hŠb msM‡g wjß nIqv‡K al©Y ejv nq| mvaviYfv‡e al©Y ej‡Z ‡evSvq bvix
ev cyiæl †h‡Kv‡bv GKR‡bi Ag‡Z ‡Rvic~e©K †hŠb m¤úK© ¯’vcb Kiv| Z‡e Avgiv †h mgv‡R emevm
Kwi Zvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z al©‡Yi wkKvi ïaygvÎ bvixiv n‡q _v‡K| al©Y m¤ú‡K© ev¯ÍeZv Ges
†jvKcyivYmg~n (Myth) al©Y †mB ai‡Yi GKwU Aciva hv m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li bvbv Av‡eMRvZ cÖwZwµqv
N‡U| †KD †KD Ggb wK Gfv‡eI †f‡e _v‡Kb †h, al©Y Avm‡j Am¤¢e| †Kvb bvix bv-PvB‡j Zv‡K
al©Y Kiv hvq bv| hLb GKRb awl©Zv cywjk †÷kb ev †Kv‡U© hvq ZLb Zv‡K cÖgvY Ki‡Z nq †h,
†m †Kvbfv‡eB al©K‡K cÖjyä K‡iwb| bvixiv Zv‡ì bxwZ‡eva nvwi‡q †dj‡Q e‡jB eZ©gv‡b cÖPyi
al©‡Yi NUbv NU‡Q|
g‡bvweìv e‡jb me©‡ÿ‡ÎB al©K‡ì wZbwU e¨vcvi jÿbxqt ÿgZv (power), †µva (anger)
Ges †hŠbZv (sexuality)| GLv‡b Av‡iKwU e¨vcvi ejv ìKvi mvaviY gvby‡li wek^vm al©Y kyaygvÎ
m¤ú~Y© AcwiwPZ †KD Ki‡e| GUv G‡Kev‡iB fzj K_v| †ewkifvM al©YB nq AZ¨šÍ cwiwPZ Kv‡iv
Øviv| msev`c‡Î cÖwZw`bB †hme al©‡Yi NUbv †`L‡eb, Zvi †ewkifvMB jÿ Ki‡j †`L‡eb AgyK
MÖv‡gi Agy‡Ki cv‡ki evwoi AgyK‡K al©Y K‡i‡Q| Giv Zv‡ì servivor-‡ì wb‡q A‡bKUv Amy¯’
†Nvi (unhealthy obession) cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i| Avevi Av‡iKwU welq jÿ Ki‡j †`L‡eb G‡ì
eqmI mvaviYZ Lye †ewk nq bv| Gi g~j KviY n‡”Q eqtmwÜKv‡j (puberty) Avi me gvby‡li
g‡Zv G‡ì †hŠbvKv•Lv Avi `kUv gvby‡li g‡Zv M‡o D‡V bv| ZvB Avi mevi g‡Zv ¯^vfvweK †hŠb
AvPiYI Giv K‡i bv| Z‡e wd‡i Avmv hvK G ai‡i AvPi‡Yi e¨vL¨vq al©Y I wkky wbh©vZb †_‡K
kyiæ K‡i bvix wbh©vZb ch©šÍ kyaygvÎ wb‡Ri KZ…©Z¡ (domain) cÖwZôvi Rb¨B Kiv nq| G ai‡bi
cyiæ‡liv mvaviYZ wkkyKv‡j fqven †hŠb, kvixwiK, gvbwmK ev cwi‡e‡ki cvwicvwk^©K Ae¯’v I
wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q _v‡K| ZvB Zviv wb‡R‡ì‡K wb‡q A‡bK nxbgb¨Zvq †fv‡M Z‡e †mUv m¤ú~Y©
Ae‡PZbfv‡eZvB| GKgvÎ †h Dcv‡q Zviv wb‡R‡ì GB nxbgb¨Zv KvwU‡q DV‡Z cv‡i, Zv n‡”Q
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv gvbyl‡K wbh©vZb (violence) Kiv| Z‡e g‡bvweìv evievi GB gZev` e¨³ K‡ib †h,
A‡bKMy‡jv Kvi‡Yi g‡a¨ GwU GKwU Ab¨Zg KviY| Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡Yi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mvgvwRK (social),
17
†R‡bwUK¨vj (genetical), ˆRweK (biological), GgbwK cywóMZ (nutritional) BZ¨vw`
KviY| `Ûwewai 375 avivq al©Y‡K †hfv‡e mqÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv nj-
• ‡Kv‡bv bvixi B”Qvi weiæ‡× A_ev
• ‡Kv‡bv bvixi m¤§wZ Qvov A_ev
• ‡Kv‡bv bvix‡K g„Zy¨ ev kvixwiK AvNv‡Zi fq †`wL‡q m¤§wZ eva¨ Ki‡j A_ev
• bvevwjKv A_©vr 16 eQ‡ii Kg eq¯‹ wkky m¤§wZ w`‡j wKsev bv w`‡j (†m hw` wbR ¯¿xI nq)
A_ev
• ‡Kv‡bv bvix‡K we‡q bv K‡iB e¨w³wU Zvi AvBbm½Z ¯^vgx GB wek^vm w`‡q hw` †Kv‡bv cyiæl
†hŠb m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i Zv‡K AvB‡bi fvlvq al©Y e‡j|
Z_¨m~Î: evsjv‡`k `Ûwewa aviv - 375
†hŠb wbcxob
bvix cyiæl wbwe©‡k‡l †h †Kv‡bv eq‡mi gvbylB †hŠb wbcxo‡bi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i| †ewkifvM mg‡q
bvix I wkkyivB GB wkKvi n‡q _v‡K| Avgv‡ì Rvb‡Z n‡e, †hŠb wbcxob ej‡Z Avgiv wK eywS|
†Kv‡bv e¨w³ Kv‡iv †`n‡K hLb Zvi B”Qvi weiæ‡× A_ev cÖ‡jvf‡bi Øviv wb‡Ri †hŠb evmbv †gUv‡bvi
Rb¨ eënvi K‡i, ZLb †mUv‡K ejv n‡q _v‡K †hŠb wbcxob| bvix cyiæl †h †Kn †h †Kv‡bv mgq
†hŠb wbcxo‡bi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e wkky, Kg eqmx †Q‡j ev †g‡q GB Ae¯’vi gy‡LvgywL †ewk nq|
mvaviYZ †hŠb wbcxobKvixiv wkky ev Kg eqmx †Q‡j †g‡q‡ì fq, cÖ‡jvfb, ûgwK w`‡q GB NUbv
KvD‡K Rvbv‡Z wb‡la K‡i| A‡bK mgq †hŠb wbcxo‡bi wkKvi n‡q A‡bK †Q‡j †g‡q gvbwmKfv‡e
Kó cvq, AvZ¥wek^vm nvwi‡q †d‡j Ges ¯^vfvweK n‡Z cv‡i bv|
†hŠb wbcxob KZfv‡e n‡Z cv‡i-
wewfbœfv‡e GKRb gvbyl †hŠb wbcxo‡bi wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-
K. kvixwiK kw³ cª‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g ev †Rvi K‡i
L. †jvf †`wL‡q ev †Kv‡bv duv‡` †d‡j A_ev `ye©jZvi my‡hvM wb‡q
M. Kv‡iv mijZv ev Am‡PZbZvi my‡hvM wb‡q
N. m½x‡K AvcwËKi bv‡g WvKv
†hŠb nqivwb ‡_‡K wb‡R‡ì iÿv Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb HKë× cªwZ‡iva ‡kªwY, eY©, RvwZ, ag© wbwe©‡k‡l me©ÎB bvixiv AvRI bvbg~Lx wbh©vZ‡bi
wkKvi| bvix wbh©vZb bvixi Rxe‡b me©MÖvmx wbivcËvnxbZvi Rb¥ †`q Ges Zvi m„RbkxjZv I
MwZkxjZvi †¶‡Î g~j evav n‡q ùvovq| ïay ZvB bq Gi d‡j bvixiv `¶ gvbe m¤ú` n‡q D‡V
mvgvwRK AMÖMwZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`b ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| Gi cwiYwZ‡Z mf¨Zv ZvB bvixi eûgvwÎK
Ae`vb †_‡K ewÂZ nq| †UKmB gvbe DbœqbI ZvB n‡q c‡o my`~icivnZ| Avi cÖwZwU bvix
wbh©vZ‡bi gvivZ¥K †bwZevPK AwfNvZ †Kej H e¨w³bvix ev Zvi cwiev‡ii g‡a¨B mxwgZ _v‡K bv,
Zv mgvR‡KI bvbvfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ K‡i| GB mvgwMÖK Dcjwä †_‡K ZvB AvR Avgv‡ì mK‡jB bvix
wbh©vZ‡bi weiæ‡× †mv”Pvi n‡Z n‡e| ïay ‡Kvb KZ…©c‡¶i Kuv‡a bvix wbh©vZb †gvKv‡ejvi `vq Pvwc‡q
w`‡q nvZ ¸wU‡q e‡m _vK‡j Pj‡e bv, Avgv‡ì mK‡jB G‡¶‡Î Zrci n‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`‡k bvix
wbh©vZ‡bi †h µgea©gvb fqvenZv, Zvi Kv‡Q Avi cÖwZ‡ivanxb Amnvq AvZ¥mgc©Y bq| Avmyb Avgiv
mevB Gi weiæ‡× iæ‡L `vuovB| †Kbbv Avgv‡ì HKë× cÖwZ‡iv‡a bvix wbh©vZb GKw`b wVKB eÜ
n‡e|
Z‡e GK_vI mZ¨ †h, bvix wbh©vZ‡bi fqvenZv `ªyZ e„w×i cvkvcvwk Gi weiæ‡× mvgvwRK m‡PZbZvI
µgvMZfv‡e evo‡Q| N‡i ev evB‡i †hLv‡bB bvix I †g‡qwkï wbh©vZb NUzK bv †Kb, †mUv †h
gvbevwaKvi Bmy¨ Zv AvR e¨vcKfv‡e ¯^xK…Z n‡”Q| ivóª ev e¨w³i hvi ØvivB bvix wbh©vZb †nvK bv
18
†Kb, Zv cÖwZ‡ivamn Acivax‡ì wePvi Ges wbh©vwZZv bvix‡K wbivcËv cÖ`vb KivUv †h iv‡óªi
`vwqZ¡, †mUvI GLb ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q| bvbv ai‡Yi bvix wbh©vZb hv gvbevwaKvi I †gŠwjK ¯^vaxbZv
Dc‡fvM †_‡K †g‡q‡ì‡K ewÂZ K‡i, †m me e¨vcv‡iI êwk¦K I RvZxq ¯Í‡i m‡PZbZv e„w×
†c‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î wewfbœ AvBb, bxwZgvjv I Kg©m~wPI MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ †`‡ki c¶ †_‡K|
mKj ai‡Yi bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a miKvwi I †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡Mi g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZv ¯’vc‡bi †¶‡ÎI
e¨vcK AMÖMwZ mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| bvix wbh©vZ‡bi weiæ‡× m‡PZbZv e„w×i cÖPviYv †Rvi`vi Kiv I
wbh©vwZZ bvix‡ì mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î GbwRI, bvix msMVb Z_v mykxj mgvR AvR ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i P‡j‡Q| bvixi cÖwZ wbh©vZbg~jK KzcÖ_v¸wj‡KI A‡bK ivóª Aciva wnmv‡e wPwýZ
K‡i Zv AvBbMZfv‡e we‡jvc K‡i‡Q|
ZeyI mvg‡b A‡bK P¨v‡jÄ wKš‘ Gme AMÖMwZ m‡Ë¡I bvixiv GL‡bv Ae¨vnZfv‡e bvbvai‡Yi
mwnsmZvi wkKvi n‡”Q| bvix I †g‡qwkï‡ì weiæ‡× mwnsmZvi g~j KviY Abyave‡bi NvUwZ bvix
wbh©vZb †iv‡ai cÖ‡Póv‡K evavMÖ¯’ Ki‡Q| bvix wbh©vZb Kiv †_‡K weiZ ivLvi j‡¶¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó
Kivi g‡Zv cÖ‡qvRbxq Kg©m~wPi GL‡bv NvUwZ i‡q ‡M‡Q| bvix wbh©vZb m¤ú‡K© ch©vß Z‡_ï Afv‡ei
d‡j Avevi cÖK…Z ev¯ÍeZv †R‡b-ey‡S bxwZ wba©viY Ges cwiw¯’wZ we‡kølY KivUv `yiƒn n‡q c‡o|
êlg¨g~jK Av_©-mvgvwRK g‡bvfve Ges A_©‰bwZK êlg¨ mgv‡R bvix‡ì Aat¯Íb Ae¯’vb‡K Av‡iv
cvKv‡cv³ K‡i| Gi d‡j bvix I †g‡qwkïiv bvbv ai‡Yi wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq| Gme wbh©vZ‡bi
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ˆ`wnK wbh©vZb, †hŠb wbcxob Ges gb¯ÍvwZ¡K wbh©vZb| GQvovI bvix I †g‡qwkï‡ì
fv‡M¨ †Rv‡U cÖnvi, cvwievwiK cwigÛ‡j wbh©vZb, †hŠZzK msµvšÍ wbh©vZb, ¯¿x al©Y, ¯¿x Lrbv,
†g‡q‡ì Rb¨ ¶wZKi Ab¨vb¨ cÖ_v I Kzms¯‹vi, `v¤úZ¨ m¤úK© ewnf©~Z wbh©vZb Ges †kvlYRwbZ
wbh©vZb| A‡bK †`‡kB ¯^v¯’¨ eë¯’v, Kg©‡¶Î , cÖPvi gva¨g, wk¶v eë¯’v Ges m‡e©vcwi wePvi eë¯’vi
m‡½ m¤úwK©Z K‡i bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡ai GKwU mgwš^Z eûgyLx A¨v‡cÖvP GL‡bv †bB ej‡jB P‡j|
êevwnK Rxe‡b †hŠb wbh©vZbmn cvwievwiK wbh©vZb‡K A‡bK †`‡k GL‡bv e¨w³MZ welq wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbv Kiv nq| cvwievwiK wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZdj mš^‡Ü m‡PZbZv, wKfv‡e Zv cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq,
wbh©vwZ‡Zi AwaKvi- Gme e¨vcv‡i GL‡bv m‡PZbZvi h‡_ó NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b cwiw¯’wZi wKQyUv
DbœwZ n‡jI cvwievwiK wbh©vZbmn wewfbœ ai‡Yi bvix I ‡g‡qwkï wbh©vZb Ges wkï c‡Y©vMÖvwdi
weiæ‡× AvBb I AvBbMZ eë¯’v-we‡klZ Acivax‡ì wePvi-Gme GL‡bv A‡bK `ye©j| bvix wbh©vZb
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †KŠkj¸wjI LwÛZ Ges cÖwZwµqvag©x Ges Gme Bmy¨‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Kg©m~wPiI cÖPÛ Afve
i‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, wKQy wKQy †`‡k bvix I wkï cvPv‡ii †¶‡Î Ges mKj ai‡Yi †hŠb I A_©‰bwZK
†kvl‡Yi †¶‡Î Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i eënvi Av‡iv bZzb K‡i mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i‡Q|
†Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b GB †mevmg~n cvIqv hvq
wK‡kvi wK‡kvix‡ì kvixwiK I gvbwmK e„w× I weKvk mwVKfv‡e mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k
miKv‡ii ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿bvj‡qi Aax‡b cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ßi AvIZvaxb ‡mev
†K›`ª¸‡jvi gva¨‡g wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev cÖ`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ ‰Kki evÜe ¯^v¯’¨†mev
Kb©vi cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix ¯^”Q‡›` Ges wbtms‡Kv‡P Zv‡ì
cÖ‡qvRbxq civg‡k© †mev¸wj MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ßi ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY
gš¿bv †qi Aax‡b mviv †`‡k cwievi cwiKíbv †mevmn gv,wkï I wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì †mev cÖRbb
¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v I cywó†mev w`‡q Avm‡Q| GgwmGBP mvwf©‡mm A_vr gÜvibvj GÛ
PvBì †nj_ mvwf©‡mm BDwbU cwievi cwiKíbvi GKwU BDwbU| mviv‡`‡k cwievi cwiKíbv
AwaZß‡i gv I wkï Kj¨vY †K›`ª, Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg‡cø·i GgwmGBP BDwbU BDwbqb ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi
Kj¨vY †K›`ª I m¨vUvjvBU wK¬wb‡Ki gva¨‡g GgwmGBP mvwf©‡mm BDwbU wb‡¤œ DwjøwLZ †mevmg~n cÖ`vb
K‡i _v‡K-
1. Abya© cuvP eQi eqmx wkï‡ì †MÖv_ gwbUwis mn ¯^v¯’¨ ‡mev|
2. wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
3. Mf©eZx gv‡qi Mf©Kvjxb †mev,cÖme †mev, cÖme ciewZ© †mev
19
4. Riæwi cÖmywZ †mev
5. cwievi cwiKíbv †mev (Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ I KvDwÝwjs)
6. gvwmK wbqwgZKib †mev (GgAvi)
7. Mf©cvZ cieZx© †mev
8. Riæix Mf©wb‡iva ewo
9. cÖme ciewZ© AwZwi³ i³ÿiY cÖwZ‡iva U¨ve‡jU wg‡mv‡cÖvmUvj weZiY
10. wkï, wK‡kvix, Mf©eZx gv I `y»`vbKvix gv‡qi cywó †mev|
11. cÖRbbZ‡š¿i cÖ`n I Bb‡dKkb, †hŠbevwnZ †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv
12. mvaviY †ivMxi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
‡mev¸‡jv QvovI mviv‡`‡k cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ß‡ii cÖvq 23000 gvVKg©x A_vr cwievi Kj¨vY
mnKvix ev GdWvweøDG i‡q‡Q hviv evwo cwi`k©‡bi gva¨‡g cwievi cwiKíbv mvgMÖx (ewo KbWg
Avqib-dwjK GwmW ewo †cuŠ‡Q †`q Ges Mf©eZx I cÖm~wZ gv, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix I evwoi wm×všÍ
MÖnbKvix‡ì Z_¨ w`‡q my¯’ Rxebhvcb I †mev wb‡Z DØy× K‡i _v‡K|
cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ß‡ii †mevmg~n:
1) †Rjv ch©v‡q gv I wkkyKj¨vY ‡K›`ª ev GgwmWvweøDwm: GB †K›`ªM‡y jv †_‡K `yRb †gwW‡Kj
Awdmvimn cwievi Kj¨vY cwi`wk©Kv †mev K‡i cÖ`vb _v‡K| wmivRMÄ, VvKziMuv, K·evRvi,
†gŠjfxevRvi, cUzqvLvjx, ei¸bv, LvMovQwo, wK‡kviMÄ, ‡fvjv, Rvgvjcyi, Lyjbv, bxjdvgvix,
GB 12wU †Rjvq gv I wkky Kj¨vb‡K‡›`ª ‰K‡kvi-evÜe ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB †K›`ªM‡y jv
†_‡K cÖwkÿYcÖvß †mevcÖ`wbKvixMY eÜzZ¡c~Y©fv‡e 10-19 eQi eqmx wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì ¯^v¯’¨,
cywó I cwievi cwiKíbv †mev cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
2) Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q:
K) gv I wkkyKj¨vY ‡K›`ª ev GgwmWvweøDwm- GB †K›`ªM‡y jv †_‡K `yRb †gwW‡Kj Awdmvimn
cwievi Kj¨vY cwi`wk©Kv †mev K‡i cÖ`vb _v‡K|
L) Dc‡Rjv GgwmGBP BDwbU- Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q AwaKvsk GgwmGBP BDwbU Dc‡Rjv ¯^v¯’¨
Kg‡cø· Gi wfZi K‡qKwU Kvgiv wb‡q MwVZ| GLv‡b cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ßivaxb wPwKrmK,
cwievi Kj¨vY cwi`wk©Kv †mev K‡i cÖ`vb _v‡Kb|
3) BDwbqb ch©v‡q-BDwbqb ¯^v¯’¨ cwievi Kj¨vY †K›`ª- BDwbqb ch©v‡q cwievi cwiKíbv Awa`ß‡i
BDwbqb ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY †K›`ª i‡q‡Q †hMy‡jvi AwaKvskB †`vZjv| GKZjv †_‡K †mev
cÖ`vb Kiv nq Avi †`vZjvq †mevcÖ`vbKvix‡ì evm¯’vb i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b GKRb DcmnKvix
KwgDwbwU †gwW‡Kj Awdmvi I GKRb cwievi Kj¨vY cwi`wk©Kv †mev K‡i cÖ`vb _v‡Kb| mviv
evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 4500 BDwbqb ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY †K›`ªM‡y jvi ga¨ †_‡K 3500 Gi †ekx
†K‡›`ª 24/7 bigvj †Wwjfvix †mev cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
4) MÖvg ch©v‡q m¨v‡UjvBU wK¬wbK BDwbq‡b †h Iqv‡W© BDwbqb ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY †K›`ª i‡q‡Q
†m IqvW© ev‡` Ab¨ IqvW©My‡jv‡Z m¨v‡UjvBU wK¬wbK AbywôZ nq| MÖv‡gi GKRb cÖfvekvjx I
RbvcÖq e¨w³i evwo m¨v‡UjvBU wK¬wbK Av‡qvR‡bi Rb¨ evQvB Kiv nq| Gfv‡e GKwU BDwbq‡b
8wU evwo wbe©vPb Kiv nq m¨v‡UjvBU wK¬wb‡Ki Rb¨| BDwbqb ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY †K‡›`ª
Kg©iZ cwievi Kj¨vY cwi`wk©Kv gv‡m 8wU m¨v‡UjvBU wK¬wbK K‡ib A_©vr cÖwZwU m¨v‡UjvBU
wK¬wb‡K gv‡m GKevi †h †h †mev cÖ`vb K‡ib G‡Z K‡i hv‡ì evwo †_‡K BDwbqb ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi
Kj¨vY †K›`ª `~‡I Zviv mn‡RB evwoi Kv‡Q m¨v‡UjvBU wK¬wbK †_‡K †mev MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
20
cÂg Aa¨vq (Chapter Five)
cÖwZewÜZv m¤úwK©Z cÖv_wgK aviYv
(Basic concepts related to disability)
cÖwZewÜZv Kx
kvixwiK, A½MZ, eyw×-e„wËK ev Av_©-mvgvwRK mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y hv‡ì cwic~Y© weKvk evavMÖ¯Í nq
Ges ¯^vfvweK Rxeb-hvcb I myôzfv‡e mvgvwRK f‚wgKv cvj‡b bvbv cÖwZeÜKZvi wkKvi Zv‡ì‡K
cÖwZeÜx wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i GB Ae¯’v‡K cÖwZewÜZv ejv nq| ÔcÖwZewÜZvÕ
e¨w³i †Kvb Amy¯’¨Zv wKsev †ivM bq; GwU GKwU Ae¯’v gvÎ|
cªwZeÜx e¨w³i AwaKvi I myiÿv AvBb 2013 G ejv n‡q‡Q - ÒcÖwZewÜZvÓ A_© †h †Kvb Kvi‡Y
¯^xqfv‡e †Kvb e¨w³i kvixwiK, gvbwmK, eyw×MZ, weKvkMZ ev Bw›`ªqMZ ÿwZMÖ¯’Zv ev cÖwZK~jZv
Ges D³ e¨w³i cÖwZ `„wófw½MZ I cwi‡ekMZ evavi cvi¯úwiK cÖfve, hvnvi Kvi‡Y D³ e¨w³
mgZvi wfwË‡Z mgv‡R c~Y© I Kvh©Ki AskMÖn‡Y evavcÖvß nb|
RvwZmsN cÖwZeÜx e¨w³e‡M©i AwaKvi mb` ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔcÖwZewÜZv GKwU weKvkgvb aviYv Ges
cÖwZewÜZv n‡jv cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ Ges Zvi cÖwZ `„wófw½MZ I cwi‡ekMZ evavi ga¨Kvi AvZ¥m¤ú‡K©i
cwiYwZ, hv Ab¨vb¨‡ì mv‡_ mgZvi wfwË‡Z mgv‡R c~Y© I Kvh©Ki AskMÖn‡Y cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì
evavMÖ¯’ K‡i|
cÖwZewÜZvi †kªYx web¨vm

cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i AwaKvi I myiÿv AvBb 2013 Abymv‡i cÖwZewÜZvi †kÖYx web¨vm wb¤œiƒc:
1) AwURg ev AwURg‡¯úªKUªvg wWRAWv©im
2) kvixwiK cÖwZewÜZv
3) gvbwmK Amy¯’¨ZvRwbZ cÖwZewÜZv
4) `„wócÖwZewÜZv
5) evKcÖwZewÜZv
6) eyw×cÖwZewÜZv
7) kÖeYcÖwZewÜZv
8) kÖeY - `„wócÖwZewÜZv
9) ‡mwieªvj cvjwm
10) WvDb wmb‡Wªvg
11) eûgvwÎK cÖwZewÜZv
12) Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZewÜZv
GQvov wbD‡iv-‡W‡fjc‡g›Uvj cÖwZeÜx myiÿv Uªv÷ AvBb 2013 wbD‡iv-‡W‡fjc‡g›Uvj A_©vr

¯œv‡qvweK weKvkRwbZ cÖwZewÜZvi aibmg~n:
1) AwURg ev AwURg ‡¯úKUªvg wWRAWv©im

2) WvDb wmb‡Wªvg
3) eyw×cÖwZewÜZv
4) ‡mwieªvj cvjwm
21
wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwZewÜZvi weeiY
AwURg ev AwURg ‡¯úKUªvg wWRAWv©im:
AwURg gw¯Í‡¯‹i ¯^vfvweK weKv‡ki GBiæc GKwU RwUj cÖwZeÜKZv hvnv wkïi R‡b¥i GK ermi Qq
gvm nB‡Z wZb erm‡ii g‡a¨ cÖKvk cvq| GB ai‡bi cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì mvaviYZ kvixwiK MV‡b
†Kvb mgm¨v ev ÎæwU _v‡K bv Ges Zv‡ì †Pqviv I Aeqi Ab¨vb¨ my¯’¨Õ I ¯^vfvweK gvby‡li gZB
nBqv _v‡K| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Qwe AvuKv,Mvb Kiv, Kw¤úDUvi Pvjbv ev MvwYwZK mgvavbmn A‡bK RwUj
wel‡q Gme e¨w³iv we‡kl `ÿZv cÖ`k©b Kwiqv _v‡K| Gme cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i g‡a¨ GK ev GKvwaK
‰ewkó¨ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq;
K) †gŠwLK ev A‡gŠwLK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi mxgve×Zv;
L) mvgvwRK I cvi¯úwiK AvPvi-AvPiY, fvewewbgq I Kíbvhy³ KvR- K‡g©i mxgve×Zv;
M) mivmwi †Pv‡Li w`‡K ZvKvq bv;
N) Ab¨ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì mv‡_ †L‡j bv;
O) †ZvZv cvwLi g‡Zv ¯î AbyKiY K‡i K_v e‡j;
P) we‡kl wKQz k‡ãi cÖwZ fxwZ †gvn cÖ`k©b K‡i;
Q) ïaygvÎ GKwU wel‡qi cÖwZ Zb¥qZv †`Lvq;
R) AwZwi³ PÂjZv ev D‡ËRbv, AmsMwZc~Y© nvwm-Kvbœv;
S) wbw`©ó †Kvb wbqg ev Q‡K evuav Kvhv©ewji cÖwZ Abo _vKv;
T) wKQz wKQz AwUw÷K wkï Avevi LyeB PÂj cÖK…wZi nq;
kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx e¨w³

hviv Luywo‡q nuv‡U, jvwVi mvnv‡h¨ Pjv‡div K‡i, cv‡q fi w`‡q ev wKQy bv a‡i ùvwo‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i
bv; wKsev nvZ euvKv, A‡cÿvK…Z †QvU, Av½yj †bB, nvZ bvov‡Z ev DVv-bvgv Kiv‡Z cv‡i bv; `xN©
ÿY ùvwo‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i bv; Nvo bvov‡Z cv‡i bv, cÖ‡qvR‡b cy‡iv kixi Nywi‡q Av‡kcv‡k ev Ic‡i
†`L‡Z nq; †Kvg‡i e¨_vi Kvi‡Y em‡Z cv‡i bv, em‡jI cªPÐ e¨_v nq Zviv kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx|
ZvQvov, gw¯Í‡®‹i cÿvNvZ ev †mwieªvj cvjwm, gvsm‡ckxi Ac~Y© Mob, Acwic° I f½yi, †giæ`‡Ði
Amg Mob, Kzô‡ivM, wi‡KUm&, j¨v_vwiRg, dvB‡jwiqv, †K¬d&Uwjc I †K¬d&Uc¨v‡jU, mwÜ wePz¨wZ ev
wWm‡jv‡Kkb, K¬ve wdU, †cvwjI, †µwUwbRg, c¨vivjvBwmm G AvµvšÍ e¨w³iv kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx
e¨w³|
`„wó cÖwZeÜx e¨w³

hviv GK †Pv‡L wKsev `yB †Pv‡L †`‡L bv, Pkgv Qvov †`‡L bv wKsev Lvwj †Pv‡L 4 M‡Ri †ewk †`‡L
bv Zviv `„wó cÖwZeÜx| ZvQvov ivZKvbv (Night blindness), eY©vÜZv (Color blindness),
i‡Oi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z bv cviv, †Pv‡L Qvwb cov wKsev `„wóMZ Ab¨vb¨ mxgve×Zv †hgb, m~‡h©i
cÖLi Av‡jv‡Z Amyweav, gyL ‡`‡LI gvbyl wPb‡Z bv cviv BZ¨vw`|
¯^vfvweK `„wó m¤úbœ: e¨w³ hw` Zvi cwi‡e‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxq `~i ev wbKU `„wói KvR¸wj Ki‡Z mÿg
nq †m ¯^vfvweK `„wó m¤úbœ| G‡ÿ‡Î Zvi Pkgvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i|
ÿxY `„wó m¤úbœ: D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvY ÿxY `„wó| Zzjbvg~jK ¯^vfvweK †Pv‡Li `„wói ZxÿèZv <6/18
Gi †P‡q Kg Ges `„wó †ÿÎ 20 wWwMÖ Gi †P‡q Kg| wPwKrmv ev cÖwZmiY mgm¨v mgvav‡bi ciI `„wó
kw³ ¯^vfvweK bq|
m¤ú~Y© `„wó cÖwZeÜx:
hvi †Pv‡L wKQy †`‡Lb bv Ggb wK KviI KviI †ÿ‡Î †Pv‡L †Kvb Av‡jvK Abyf~wZ †bB Zviv m¤ú~Y©
`„wó cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ WHO Gi g‡Z, Zzjbvg~jK ¯^vfvweK †Pv‡Li `„wói ZxÿèZv <3/60 Gi †P‡q
Kg Ges `„wó †ÿÎ 10 wWwMÖ Gi †P‡q Kg|
22
evK& I kªeY cÖwZeÜx e¨w³
K. kªeY cÖwZewÜZv: Kv‡bi GK ev GKvwaK As‡ki ÿwZMÖ¯’Zv hvi d‡j A‡b‡KB ¯^vfvwe‡Ki Zzjbvq
Kg ïb‡Z cvq ev G‡Kev‡iB ïb‡Z cvq bv| Ab¨ fv‡e ejv hvq †h †Kvb Kvi‡Y Kv‡bi †Kvb As‡ki
ÿwZMÖ¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y †Kvb e¨w³ ev wkï ¯^vfvweK kÖeY ÿgZv n«vm n‡j e¨w³ ev wkïi GB Ae¯’v‡K
kÖeY cÖwZeÜx ejv nq| mvaviYZ hviv 4-7 wgUvi (12-20 dzU) -Gi g‡a¨ ejv ¯^vfvweK ¯^‡ii K_v
ev kã ïb‡Z ev eyS‡Z cv‡i bv, Zviv kªeY cÖwZeÜx| ¯úó †kvbvi Rb¨ †KD hw` Kv‡b ïb‡Z mnvqK
hš¿ (Hearing Aid) eënvi Ki‡j Zv‡K kªeY cÖwZeÜx ejv nq|
L.evK& cÖwZewÜZv: hviv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv ev K_v ejvi mgq †ZvZjv‡Z _v‡K ev hv‡ì K_v eySv
hvq bv ev A¯^vfvweK ¯^‡i K_v e‡j, wKsev K_v IjU-cvjU K‡i e‡j Zv‡ì evK& cÖwZeÜx wn‡m‡e
wPwýZ Kiæb| Ggb A‡b‡KB Av‡Q hviv LyeB wbPz ¯^‡i K_v e‡j, †Póv K‡iI D”P¯^‡i K_v ej‡Z
cv‡i bv, ZvivI evK& cÖwZeÜx e¨w³|
we. `ª. wkï R‡b¥i ci †_‡K Kv‡b ïb‡Z bv †c‡j †m K_v ej‡Z I wkL‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB kªeY
cÖwZeÜx wkïiv evK& cÖwZeÜxI n‡q _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y mvaviYZ evK& I kªeY cÖwZewÜZv‡K GKmv‡_
D‡jøL Kiv nq)
eyw× cÖwZeÜx
hviv Zv‡ì mgeqmx Ab¨vb¨ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Zzjbvq eyw× ev gvbwmK weKv‡ki w`K w`‡q
AcwiYZ/Acwic°; A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk †`wi K‡i K_v ejv, ùvov‡bv, nuvUv BZ¨vw` wk‡L Ges R‡b¥i
ci †_‡KB eqm Abycv‡Z eyw× we‡ePbv ev gvbwmK weKvk e„w× cvq bv; Rxe‡bi µg av‡c hviv me
wKQy eyS‡Z ev wkL‡Z †ewk mgq †bq ev †Kvb †Kvb welq G‡Kev‡iB wkL‡Z cv‡i bv; G‡ì †KD
†KD PzcPvc GK RvqMvq e‡m _v‡K, †KD †KD GKv GKv K_v ej‡Z _v‡K; †Kvb wel‡q Giv †ewkÿY
g‡bv‡hvM nq‡Zvev w`‡Z cv‡i bv, ZvivB eyw× cÖwZeÜx| G‡ì gv_vi MVb A¯^vfvweK (KLbI
g‡½vjxq ai‡bi) Ges KviI KviI †`‡ni MVbI A¯^vfvweK †hgb, AwZwi³ ‡gvUv n‡Z cv‡i| eyw×i
gvÎv (AvB. wKD.) Abymv‡i Zv‡ì eyw× cÖwZewÜZvi gvÎv wba©viY Kiv n‡q _v‡K (hv GLv‡b Kiv
n‡”Q bv)| Mfxi eyw× cÖwZeÜx‡ì gyL w`‡q me mgq jvjv Si‡Z) †`Lv hvq Ges †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î
nvZ-cv ev †`‡ni fvimvg¨ _v‡K bv| GwU GKwU Ae¯’v hvi Kvi‡Y wKQy e¨w³ Lye ax‡i ax‡i wk‡L
A_ev wKQy wKQy welq wkL‡ZB cv‡i bv| eyw×gËvi ¯Íi mvaviYfv‡e Kg nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì †kLvi
MwZ Ab¨vb¨ mg eqmx‡ì Zzjbvq axi| eÜz‡ì mv‡_, cwiev‡i ev mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡k Kxfv‡e AvPiY
Ki‡Z nq, Zv †evSv ev g‡b ivLvI Zv‡ì Rb¨ KóKi| Avgv‡ì mgv‡R eyw× cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì
eY©bv Kivi mgq bvbviKg e¨½vZ¡K kã eënvi Kiv nq, †hgb- wb‡ev©a, nvev‡Mvev, cvMj BZ¨vw`|
wKš‘ GB kã¸‡jv LyeB AcgvbRbK| Òeyw× cÖwZeÜx e¨w³Ó kãwU eënvi KivB mePvB‡Z fvj| eyw×
cÖwZewÜZv I gvbwmK Amy¯’Zv GK bq eyw× cÖwZewÜZvi A_© n‡”Q eyw×i gvÎv eq‡mi Zzjbvq Kg; hvi
Kvi‡Y eyw× cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i eqm evo‡jI eyw×MZ w`K w`‡q wkï‡ì g‡Zv| †Kvb cÖKvi wPwKrmv
w`‡q eyw× cÖwZewÜZv `~i Kiv hvq bv; wKš‘ gvbwmK Amy¯’Zv Dchy³ wPwKrmvi gva¨‡gi m¤ú~Y© ev
A‡bKvs‡k my¯’ K‡i †Zvjv m¤¢e|
gvbwmK Amy¯’Zv: AvPvi-AvPi‡Y A¯^vfvweK Aw¯’iZv, A‡nZzK nvmv ev Kuv`v ev GKv GKv K_v ejv,
AmvgÄm¨ KvRKg© Kiv (erm‡ii we‡kl we‡kl mg‡q GB AmvgÄm¨ †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i), wRwbmcÎ bó
Kiv, KvD‡K AvµgY Kiv, A‡nZzK †i‡M hvIqv, AK_¨ fvlv eënvi K‡i Mvwj-MvjvR Kiv, wnsmª
n‡q DVv BZ¨vw` hviv K‡i _v‡K, Zviv gvbwmK Amy¯’Zv| †KD †KD †Kvb wKQyB mwVKfv‡e ey‡S bv,
K‡qK evi ej‡jI †Kvb Reve †`q bv, w`‡jI cÖkœ Abyhvqx bq| ev †KD †KD ¯’vb-Kvj-cvÎ‡f`
ey‡S bv, bv ey‡SB hv B‡”Q ZvB K‡i| mvaviYZ hv‡ì cvMj ejv n‡q _v‡K, Zviv Avm‡j gvbwmKfv‡e
Amy¯’Zv|
23
‡mwieªvj cj&wm
†mwieªvj cvjwm ev gw¯Í®‹ cÿvNvZ nj gw¯Í‡®‹ AvNvZ ev ÿwZRwbZ cÖwZewÜZv| wkï f‚wgô nIqvi
Av‡M, mgq ev c‡i wZb eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨ gw¯Í‡®‹i †Kvb As‡k AvNvZ ev ÿwZ nIqvi d‡j †mwieªvj
cvjwm nq| G‡Z kix‡ii gvsm‡cwki Kvh©µg, bovPov I fvimvg¨ wewNœZ n‡q _v‡K| †mwieªvj cvjwm
nj me‡P‡q RwUj ¯œvqweK cÖwZewÜZv¸‡jvi GKwU; hv m¤ú‡K© wek¦e¨vcx A‡bK fzj aviYv i‡q‡Q|
G‡KK †mwieªvj cvjwmRwbZ cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i cÖwZewÜZvi gvÎv I cÖK…wZ G‡KK iKg n‡q _v‡K|
gw¯Í‡¯‹i ÿZ¯’vb Abyhvqx †mwieªvj cvjwm‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv nq:
K) ¯ú¨vmwUK: ÿZ¯’vb ‡gvUi K‡U©· Gwiqv
L) A¨vw_‡qW: ÿZ¯’vb gw¯Í‡¯‹i ga¨fv‡M Aew¯’Z e¨vmvj M¨vsMwjqv|
M) Î¨vUvwµqv: ÿZ¯’vb †mwi‡ejvg AÂj|
GQvovI Av‡iv wZb ai‡bi †`Lv hvq
K) ‡d¬vwc
L) eûwea: eûwea cÖwZewÜZv ej‡Z ¯ú¨vmwUK Gi mv‡_ kÖeY cÖwZweÜZv, evK cÖwZewÜZv, `„wó
cÖwZewÜZv
M) wgkÖ: A¨vw_U‡qW, †d¬vwc `ywU ai‡Yi †mwieªvj cvjwm GK m‡½ _vK‡j|
†mwieªvj cvjwm‡Z AvµvšÍ wkï ZvrÿwYK ev nVvr Abgbxq nq, wkw_jZv A_©vr nv‡Zi Dc‡i wkï‡K
Dcyo K‡i ai‡j Ges cv wb‡Pi w`‡K Sz‡j Ges †m gv_v wb‡R wb‡R IVv‡Z cvi‡ebv| wkky Lye Kg
bovPov Ki‡e| wejw¤^Z ev axi weKvk N‡U| LvIqv - `vIqvq mgm¨v ev Lvevi Awbnv _v‡K KviY
Pzl‡Z, wPey‡Z Ges wMj‡Z Amyweav nq| A¯^vfvweK AvPiY †hgb wkï me mgq Kvu`‡Z cv‡i, wLUwL‡U
†gRv‡Ri n‡Z cv‡i| †mwieªvj cvjwm‡Z AvµvšÍ A‡bK wkïB mvaviY wkï‡ì gZ, Avevi A‡bK
mgq Zvi †P‡qI fvjfv‡e me wKQz wkL‡Z cv‡i| A‡b‡K covïbvq GZ fvj K‡i †h, wek¦we`¨vjq
ch©šÍ †h‡Z cv‡i| Dchy³ cwi‡ek †c‡j †mwieªvj cvjwm RwbZ cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ we‡q I cwievi MVb
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
WvDb wmb‡Wªvg
WvDb wmb‡Ûªvg nj gvbe‡`‡ni †`n †Kv‡li R¡x‡bi GK ai‡Yi Rb¥MZ MVbMZ ÎæwU, hLb †`n
†Kv‡li 21 b¤î †µv‡gvR‡g ¯^vfvweK 2wUi †P‡q 1wU †ekx †µv‡gv‡Rvg †`Lv hvq| GwU eyw×
cÖwZewÜZvi Ab¨Zg aiY| evev ev gv‡qi †h †Kvb GKR‡bi ‡Kv‡li †µv‡gvRg wefvR‡bi µwUi
d‡jB wkï WvDb wm‡Ûªv‡g AvµvšÍ nq| WvDb wmb‡Ûªvg evev gv‡qi †Kvb (Lvivc) K‡g©i dj wn‡m‡e
fvev AevšÍi ev Aev¯Íe| Pwjø‡kva© eq‡m †Kvb gv mšÍvb aviY Ki‡j WvDb wmb‡Ûªv‡g wkï Rb¥ ‡bqvi
m¤¢vebv eû¸‡Y ‡e‡o hvq, we‡kl K‡i Zv hw` cÖ_g mšÍvb nq| AwZ e„× evevi †ÿ‡ÎI GwU NU‡Z
cv‡i| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î ejv nq †h, evev I gv‡qi wgwjZ eqm hw` Avwki Dc‡i nq, †m‡ÿ‡ÎI Zv‡ì
mšÍvb WvDb wmb‡Ûªvgmn Rb¥ wb‡Z cv‡i| WvDb wmb‡Ûªv‡g AvµvšÍ wkï‡ì †`L‡Z Pxbv, Rvcvbx ev
†Kvixq wkï‡ì gZ †`Lvq| WvDb wmb‡Ûªv‡g AvµvšÍ e¨w³‡ì nvZ I cv †`‡ni Zzjbvq †QvU, bvK
I gyLMnei I †QvU, †Pv‡Li Dc‡ii cvZv bvgv‡bv (Xvjy) Ges gyLgÛj P¨vÞv/ †Mvj I Nvo Lv‡Uv
n‡Z cv‡i| G‡ì gyL nv Ges wRnevi wKQz Ask †ei n‡q _v‡K| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv jvjv S‡i| WvDb
wmb‡Ûªv‡g AvµvšÍ e¨w³‡ì nv‡Zi Zvjyi Dc‡ii As‡k j¤^v `vM _v‡K| WvDb wmb‡Ûªv‡g AvµvšÍ
e¨w³‡ì wkL‡Z mgm¨v nq| G‡ì mgeqmx‡ì Zzjbvq †QvU e‡j g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| †ekxi fvM WvDb
wmb‡Ûªv‡g AvµvšÍ wkï 1eQi eqm bv nIqv ch©šÍ em‡Z I 2eQi eqm bv nIqv ch©šÍ nvuU‡Z cv‡ibv|
‡g‡q wkï‡ì Zzjbvq †Q‡j wkï‡ì Dbœqb ev weKv‡ki avivq wKQzUv wcwQ‡q _v‡K| †hgb - M‡o
†hLv‡b †g‡q wkïiv 22 gv‡m nv‡U, †mLv‡b †Q‡j wkïiv 26 gv‡m nvuU‡Z wk‡L| WvDb wmb‡Ûªvg †Kvb
†ivM ev Amy¯’Zv bq ZvB WvDb wmb‡Ûªvg wbivgq †hvM¨ bq|
24
cÖwZewÜZvi gvÎv
cÖwZewÜZvi gvÎv ej‡Z eySvq e¨w³i cÖwZewÜZv †Kvb ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q, Gi MfxiZv ev cwigvY KZUzKz|
Gi †Kvb Av`k© mxgv‡iLv ev gvb bv _vK‡jI cÖwZewÜZvi Kvi‡Y e¨w³i Ae¯’v eyS‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv
cvjb K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZewÜZvi gvÎv ev MfxiZv‡K cÖavbZ PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:
1. g„`y cÖwZewÜZv: G ai‡bi cÖwZeÜx e¨w³iv mvaviY I ¯^vfvweK Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i, ¯^vfvweK
gvby‡li g‡Zv cÖvq me ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI we‡kl †Kvb Kv‡R `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i ev
Zvi `ÿZvi Dbœqb A‡cÿvK…Z mnR| Zviv cÖwZewÜZv m‡Ë¡I ‰`bw›`b Rxeb hvc‡b Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e
¯^wbf©i| †h mKj `„wó cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ mvgvb¨ n‡jI `yB †Pv‡L †`‡Lb; kªeY cÖwZeÜx n‡jI `y&B Kv‡b
†kv‡bb- G iKg Ae¯’vq Zv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb hvc‡b †Kvb mnvq‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡j A_©vr wb‡R‡ì
mgm¨v _vKv m‡Ë¡I ¯^wbf©i Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z mÿg Zv‡ì cÖwZewÜZvi gvÎv g„`y gvÎvi|
eyw× cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì †ewki fvMB g„`y gvÎvi g‡a¨ c‡o| Zviv wb‡Ri hZœ †bqv Ges Rxeb hvc‡bi
`ÿZv wkL‡Z cv‡i; mvgvwRK I agx©q Kg©Kv‡Ð Ask wb‡Z cv‡i; Kv‡iv ZË¡eav‡b †h †Kvb mnR KvR
Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges covïbvi †ÿ‡Î cÖvq lô †kªYx ch©šÍ †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i|
2. gvSvwi cÖwZewÜZv: cÖwZewÜZvi Kvi‡Y we‡kl we‡kl KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges ˆ`bw›`b
Rxeb hvc‡b AvswkKfv‡e mnvqZvKvixi Dci wbf©ikxj| A_©vr Giv LvIqv-`vIqv, e¨w³MZ cwi®‹vi-
cwi”QbœZvmn †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î A‡bï Dci AvswkKfv‡e wbf©i K‡i _v‡K, †hgb-†Mvmj Kwi‡q †`qv,
Uq‡j‡U †h‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv, Rvgv civ BZ¨vw`| Giv me ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Z mÿg bv n‡jI †Kvb †Kvb
Kv‡R `ÿZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
†h mKj `„wó cÖwZeÜx †Kvb GK †Pv‡L GKev‡iB †`L‡Z cv‡ib bv; kªeY cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ †Kvb Kv‡b
wKQyB †kvb‡Z cvq bv, Zviv A‡bKUv ¯^wbf©i I ¯^vfvweK Rxeb hvcb Ki‡jI Zv‡ì cÖwZewÜZv
gvSvwi ai‡bi| Avevi †Kvb e¨w³ `yB †Pv‡L mvgvb¨ n‡jI †`‡Lb; kªeY cÖwZeÜx n‡jI `y&B Kv‡b
†kv‡b- G iKg Ae¯’vq Zv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb hvc‡b †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î mnvq‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb n‡j A_©vr
wb‡R‡ì cÖwZewÜZvi Kvi‡Y ¯^wbf©i Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z mÿg bb- Zv‡ì cÖwZewÜZvi gvÎv gvSvwi|
gvSvwi gvÎvi eyw× cÖwZeÜx wkïiv ïiæ‡Z Rvgv Kvco cov, wb‡Ri nv‡Z LvIqv Ges †kŠPvMvi eënvi
‡kLvq mgm¨v nq Ges †ek mgq jv‡M; KviI ZË¡veav‡b mvgvwRK I ag©xq Kg©Kv‡Û Ask wb‡Z cv‡i;
cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veav‡b mnR e„wËg~jK KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i; covïbvi †ÿ‡Î wØZxq †kªYx ch©šÍ †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i|
3. ¸iæZi cÖwZewÜZv: GK ev GKvwaK cÖwZewÜZvi Kvi‡Y ‰`bw›`b Rxeb hvc‡b Zviv AwaKvsk
†ÿ‡Î mnvqZvKvixi Dci wbf©ikxj| âh©¨ mnKv‡i AvšÍwiKZvi mv‡_ `xN©‡gqv`x cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g
G ai‡bi cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì LvIqv-`vIqv, e¨w³MZ cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv mn †QvU-LvU, mnR KvR
†kLv‡bv hvq| †h mKj `„wó cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ `yB †Pv‡LB †`L‡Z cv‡ib bv wKš‘ Av‡jv-Avavi eyS‡Z
cv‡ib; kªeY cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ `y&B Kv‡bB †kvb‡Z cvb bv; wKš‘ Zxÿè kã †hgb, eRªcv‡Zi kã †kvb‡Z
cvb - Zv‡ì cÖwZewÜZv ¸iæZi ai‡bi|
¸iæZi gvÎvi eyw× cÖwZeÜx e¨w³iv †h †Kvb mnR KvR wkL‡Z mgq Ges cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veav‡bi cÖ‡qvRb
nq; cÖvZ¨wnK Rxeb hvc‡b †ek mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq; K_v eySvq I g‡bv‡hvM †`qvq mgm¨v _vK‡Z
cv‡i; cÖZ¨ÿ ZË¡veav‡b AwZ mvaviY I mnR wbw`©ó wKQy KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
4. Mfxi/Pig cÖwZewÜZv: mvaviYZ mve©ÿwYKfv‡e mnvqZvKvixi Dci wbf©ikxj| eyw× cÖwZeÜx e¨w³
I GKvwaK cÖwZewÜZv m¤úbœ e¨w³‡ì †KD †KD Mfxi cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i| GB cÖwZeÜx e¨w³iv
†Kvb wKQy Ki‡Z cv‡i bv - LvIqv-`vIqv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i e¨w³MZ cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv ch©šÍ Ab¨‡K
Kwi‡q w`‡Z nq ZvivB Mfxi cÖwZeÜx| `„wó cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì hviv `yB †Pv‡LB †`L‡Z cv‡ib bv I
†Pv‡L †Kvb Av‡jvK ms‡e`b †bB; kªeY cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ `y&B Kv‡b G‡Kev‡iB †kvb‡Z cvb bv- Zv‡ì
cÖwZewÜZv Mfxi ai‡bi| Lye Kg msL¨K eyw× cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ Mfxi/Pig gvÎvi g‡a¨ c‡o| Zv‡ì
25
cÖvZ¨wnK Rxeb hvc‡b avivevwnK mn‡hvwMZv I wbweo ZË¡veavb I we‡kl h‡Zœi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
mvaviYZ Zv‡ì wKQy ¯^v¯’¨ RwUjZv _v‡K, †hgb- ü`‡ivM, k¦vm-cÖk¦v‡m Amyweav ev i³k~b¨Zv|
cÖwZewÜZvi KviY: gvbyl cÖwZeÜx nIqvi KviY¸‡jv wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq: K) wkï R‡b¥i c~‡e©
ev Mf©ve¯’vq cÖwZewÜZvi KviYmg~n, L) cÖmeKvjxY cÖwZewÜZvi KviYmg~n Ges M) R‡b¥i c‡i
cÖwZewÜZvi KviYmg~n|
K. wkï R‡b¥i c~‡e© ev Mf©ve¯’vq cÖwZewÜZvi KviYmg~n
• Mf©eZx gv‡qi fyj wPwKrmv, fyj Ilya ev Kov Ilya †hgb, †Uªc‡Uv gvBwmb, KzBbvBb †meb Ki‡j
Mf©¯’ wkï kªeY, `„wó, kvixwiK ev eyw× cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i|
• Mf©ve¯’vq gv cwiwgZ cywóKi Lvevi bv †c‡j Zvi kix‡i Av‡qvwWb, wfUvwgb ev K¨vjwmqv‡gi
Afve †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| Av‡qvwWb-Gi Afv‡e wkï eyw× cÖwZeÜx ev Ab¨vb¨ RwUjZv wb‡q Rb¥
MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| wfUvwgb ÔGÕ Gi Afv‡e ivZKvbv Ges AÜZ¡ n‡Z cv‡i| K¨vjwmqvg Gi Afv‡e
wkïi nvo `ye©j n‡Z cv‡i|
• Mf©ve¯’vq gv gv`K, aygcvb ev ZvgvK RvZxq `ª‡e¨ Avm³ n‡j wkï cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i|
• Mf©ve¯’vq gv‡qi iæ‡ejv, nvg, Wvqv‡ewUm, ü`‡ivM cÖf…wZ n‡j Mf©¯’ wkï cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i|
• Mf©ve¯’vq hw` Mf©cv‡Zi e¨_© †Póv Kiv nq Zvn‡jI wkï cÖwZeÜx n‡q Rb¥v‡Z cv‡i|
• gv hw` 18 eQ‡ii wb‡P ev 35 eQ‡ii ci Mf©eZx nq Zvn‡j wkï cÖwZeÜx nIqvi SuzwK †ewk
_v‡K|
• †hŠb †ivM¸‡jvI cÖwZewÜZvi Rb¨ `vqx| †hgb, gv‡qi wmwdwjm _vK‡j wkï `„wó cÖwZeÜx n‡Z
cv‡i|
• ¯^vgx ev ¯¿xi g‡a¨ hw` i‡³i m¤cK© _v‡K we‡kl K‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hw` Avcb PvPvZ, gvgvZ,
LvjZ cÖf…wZ fvB‡ev‡bi m¤cK© _v‡K ev i‡³ hw` H RwUjZv _v‡K, Zvn‡jI wkï cÖwZeÜx n‡Z
cv‡i| we‡klZ evevi w`‡Ki fvB‡evb (first cousin) A_©vr PvPv‡Zv fvB‡evb Gi †ÿ‡Î wkïi
cÖwZeÜx nIqvi nvi me‡P‡q †ewk|
• Mf©eZx gv kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡jI wkï cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i|
• Mf©ve¯’vq gv‡qi hw` †Kvb cÖKvi `yN©Ubv N‡U, †hgb wcQ‡j c‡o hvIqv, AvNvZ cvIqv|
• cvigvYweK `yN©Ubv (ivmvqwbK †ZRw®ŒqZv ev welwµqv) KewjZ GjvKvi gv‡qi Mf©¯’ mšÍvb
cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i|
L. cÖmeKvjxY cÖwZewÜZvi KviYmg~n
• wkï hw` cÖmeKvj (mvaviYZ 9 gvm 10 w`b) c~Y© nIqvi Av‡M; †hgb, 6 ev 7 gv‡m Rb¥MÖnY
K‡i Zvn‡j wkï cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i| Gme mvaviYZ wkïi IRb Lye Kg _v‡K|
• cÖme †e`bv hw` Lye `xN© nq †m †ÿ‡Î Aw·‡R‡bi Afv‡e wkïi cÖwZeÜx nIqvi SuzwK _v‡K|
• di‡mc †Wwjfvwii mgq gv_vq AvNvZ jvMvi Kvi‡Y wkï cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb, †mwieªvj
cvjwm|
• wkï gv‡qi M‡f© A¯^vfvweK Ae¯Õv‡b _vK‡j ev wkïi Mjvq hw` bvwo †cuwP‡q _vK‡j wkï cÖwZeÜx
n‡Z cv‡i|
• avÎx hw` A`ÿ nq Zvn‡j Zvi Øviv m„ó †h †Kvb mgm¨vi Rb¨ wkï cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i|
• K‡qKwU †ivM †hgb, RwÛm&, abyósKvi, wbD‡gvwbqv Gi Kvi‡Y D”PZvcgvÎvi R¡‡i wkï cÖwZeÜx
n‡Z cv‡i|
• Mf©eZx bvix‡ì g‡a¨ cywónxbZvi ìæb Kg IRb wb‡q wkky R‡b¥i nvi 43 kZvsk Ges ¯’vb I
Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v‡f‡` Mf©eZx bvix‡ì i³š^íZvi cwigvY 60-80 kZvsk (RvZxq š^v¯’¨bxwZ
2008)|
• wj½ ‰elg¨ Lv`¨ wbivcËvnxbZvq bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i|
26
M. R‡b¥i c‡i cÖwZewÜZvi KviYmg~n
• R‡b¥i ci wkïi Acywó cÖwZeÜx nIqvi Ab¨Zg KviY| Av‡qvwWb Gi Afv‡e wkï eyw×, kªeY
I evK& cÖwZeÜx wKsev evgb n‡Z cv‡i| wfUvwgb ÔGÕ-i Afv‡e ivZKvbv I `„wó cÖwZewÜZv
n‡Z cv‡i| wfUvwgb ÔwWÕ wKssev K¨vjwmqv‡gi Afv‡e wkïi nvo `ye©j n‡Z cv‡i- GgbwK
wkï wi‡KUm&-G AvµvšÍ n‡Z cv‡i|
• wKQy wKQy †ivM †hgb: †cvwjI, Wvqv‡ewUm, Kzô Gi Kvi‡Y †KD kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i|
nvg, emšÍ, Møy‡Kvgv, Uªv‡Kvgv, Wvqv‡ewUm cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y `„wó cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i| †÷ªvK, g„Mx
cÖf…wZ †_‡K gvbwmK Amy¯’Zv n‡Z cv‡i|
• cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM, moK `yN©Ubv, †K‡U hvIqv, cy‡o hvIqv, MvQ ev Qv` †_‡K c‡o hvIqv
BZ¨vw` `yN©Ubv cÖwZeÜx nIqvi eo KviY|
• fyj wPwKrmv, fzj Ilya wKsev AwZ D”PgvÎvi Ilya †me‡bi Kvi‡YI †KD cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i|
• KxUbvkK ev Ab¨‡Kvb welwµqv †_‡K cwi‡ek `yl‡Yi d‡j wewfbœ AmyL Ges Gi d‡j
cÖwZewÜZv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
• UvBd‡qW, g¨v‡jwiqv cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y D”PgvÎvi R¡‡ii Kvi‡Y †KD cÖwZeÜx n‡Z cv‡i|
• gw¯Í‡®‹i AvNvZ ev gw¯Í‡®‹i wUDgv‡ii Kvi‡Y wkï kvixwiK, eyw× wKsev `„wó cÖwZeÜx n‡Z
cv‡i|
• cÖvK…wZK `y‡hvM©, hy× ev mš¿vmI cÖwZewÜZvi GKwU eo KviY|
DwjøwLZ KviY QvovI cÖwZeÜx nIqvi AviI A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv AvRI gvby‡li ARvbv|
1.3 cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì Ae¯’v I Ae¯’vb: †Kvb e¨w³i mvaviY Ae¯’v I Ae¯’vb eyS‡Z n‡j Zvi
e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I ivóªxq Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡e| Avgiv †`wL, Avgv‡ì †`‡k
cÖwZeÜx e¨w³iv ewÂZ I wbM„&nxZ| AviI Mfx‡i `„wó w`‡j †`wL, Zviv Ab¨‡ì ¯^v‡_© cY¨ wn‡m‡e
eëüZ, †hLv‡b Zv‡ì AwaKvi, gh©v`v I AvZ¥mb¥vb Gi g~j¨ †Ìqv nq bv! Av‡M cÖwZeÜx
e¨w³‡ì `qv `vwÿY¨, KiæYvi cvÎ I Aÿg wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv| †`Lv hvq, cÖwZewÜZv
m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì AÁZv, Am‡PZbZv I †bwZevPK `„wófw½ cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì Rxebgvb Dbœq‡b
cÖavb AšÍivq| cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì mgm¨vUv hZUv bv kvwiixK Zvi †P‡q eû¸b †ewk n‡jv Zv‡ì
cÖwZ Avgv‡ì †bwZevPK I gh©v`vnvbxKi `„wóf½xi|
cwiev‡i cÖwZeÜx e¨w³

e¨w³ Rxe‡bi weKv‡ki me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡cyY© n‡”Q cwievi| mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq, cwiev‡i †Kvb wkï
cÖwZeÜx n‡q Rb¥ wb‡j ïiæ †_‡KB †m Pig Ae‡njvi wkKvi nq| GgbI †`Lv hvq, ¯¿x cÖwZeÜx wkï
Rb¥ †Ìqvq ¯^vgx Zv‡K Z¨vM K‡i Avevi bZzb we‡q K‡i| cwiev‡i Ab¨‡ì †P‡q cÖwZeÜx wkïwU
Kg my‡hvM-myweav †fvM K‡i- fv‡jv †cvkvK, fv‡jv Lvevi, †eov‡Z hvIqv, †Ljvayjv‡Z AskMÖn‡Y
me‡ÿ‡Î Zvi cÖwZ `„wóf½x †bwZevPK| cÖwZeÜx wkï‡K AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi mvg‡b wb‡q †h‡ZI †KD
†KD ms‡KvP †eva K‡ib, ZvB Zv‡ì cÖwZeÜx mšÍvb‡K N‡ii g‡a¨ jywK‡q iv‡Lb| me mgq cÖwZeÜx
mšÍvb‡K †`Lv nq Amy¯’ wn‡m‡e| Zvi wPwKrmvq A‡bK A_© I Z¨vM wZwZÿvi GK ch©v‡q wPwKrmv eÜ
K‡i AviI nZvk n‡q c‡ob| A_P Zvi GB cÖwZewÜZv m¤úbœ Ae¯’v †g‡b wb‡qB Zvi Rxebgvb
Dbœq‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e -GwU Avgv‡ì AwffveKiv †g‡b wb‡Z Pvb bv| wcZvgvZv fwel¨Z wPšÍvq
DwØMœ nq Ges GK mgq †`Lv †`q cÖwZeÜx mšÍv‡bi cÖwZ D`vmxbZv| wcZvgvZvi GB D`vmxbZvi
Kvi‡YB cÖwZeÜx wkïi Rxe‡b †b‡g Av‡m nZvkv I AÜKvi| Ô†Zvi Øviv wKQy n‡e bvÕ Ô†jLv-cov
wk‡L ZzB Kx Kiwe?Õ ÔevB‡i †ei nwe bvÕ -G RvZxq evK¨¸‡jv ïb‡Z ïb‡Z GK Rb cÖwZeÜx wkï
R‡b¥i ïiæ †_‡KB wb‡R‡K g~j¨nxb I `ye©j fve‡Z wk‡L| cwievi wkÿv †_‡K †hgb Zv‡K ewÂZ
K‡i †Zgwb gvbwmK `„pZv wb‡q †e‡o EVv‡KI wbiærmvwnZ K‡i| A_P cvwievwiK BwZevPK `„wóf½x
cÖwZeÜx wkïwU‡KI Avi `kwU wkïi g‡Zv M‡o wb‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK wcZv-gvZv cÖwZeÜx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡K
27
Avkªq †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z w`‡q wb‡Riv Sv‡gjv gy³ _vK‡Z Pvb; A_P Ab¨ ¯^vfvweK wkky‡K †Pv‡Li Avovj
Ki‡ZI bvivR!
cwiev‡ii Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i RxebaviY I weKvk wfbœ wfbœ n‡q
_v‡K| †hgb, D”PweË cwiev‡i cÖwZeÜx mšÍvb‡K evowZ my‡hvM-myweav, †mev I AwZwi³ Avivg-
Av‡q‡ki eë¯’v K‡i Ges A‡bK mgq Zvi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ AwZwi³ m¤úwË ev UvKv-cqmv mwÂZ ivLvi
eë¯’v K‡i _v‡K hv Zv‡K cwikªgx I AvZ¥wbf©ikxj nIqvi c‡_ evavi m„wó K‡i| ga¨weË cwiev‡i
cÖwZeÜx mšÍvb‡ì wKQyUv n‡jI Kg©ÿg ev DcvR©bkxj Kivi †Póv K‡i, hv‡Z AwffveK‡ì AeZ©gv‡b
†Kvbg‡Z n‡jI Pj‡Z cv‡i| Avevi ‡KD †KD cÖwZeÜx mšÍvb‡K jywK‡q ivL‡ZI †Póv K‡ib|
G‡ÿ‡Î, Avw_©K Am½wZ I ga¨weË gvbwmKZv cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i Rxeb‡K K‡i †Zv‡j nZvkvMÖ¯Í, †m
we‡ewPZ nq cwiev‡ii †evSv wn‡m‡e| Avi wbgœweË cwiev‡i `vwi‡`ªi Kvi‡Y cÖwZeÜx mšÍv‡bi wcZv-
gvZv Ges cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ wb‡RI H cÖwZewÜZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q wfÿve„wËi mv‡_ RwoZ K‡i DcvR©‡bi
GKUv c_ ˆZwi K‡i _v‡K|
mgv‡R cÖwZeÜx e¨w³

cwiev‡ii cvkvcvwk mvgvwRK Rxe‡b cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i Ae¯’vb we‡ePbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq mvgvwRK Dbœqb
cÖwµqvq Zv‡ì AskMÖnY Abycw¯’Z; Zv‡ì f~wgKv `ye©j I A¯úó| cÖwZewÜZv wel‡q GLbI mgv‡Ri
gvby‡li g‡b †Zgb aviYv M‡o D‡Vwb| mgv‡R cÖwZewÜZv‡K wN‡i i‡q‡Q bvbv Kzms¯‹vi| GUv‡K
kvwiixK ev gvbwmK mxgve×Zv wn‡m‡e bv †`‡L ejv nq †Lv`vi MRe, cv‡ci dj, R¡x‡bi AvQi,
evev gv‡qi cv‡ci dj| cÖwZeÜx gvbyl‡K Zvi bvg a‡i bv †W‡K WvKv nq j¨vsov, Kvbv, †Lvov,
cvMj, AvacvMj, †evev, Kvjv BZ¨vw` e‡j| cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì cÖwZ mgv‡Ri cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i i‡q‡Q
†bwZevPK `„wóf½x| G `„wóf½xUvB g~jZ cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì Rxe‡b eo evav; mgv‡Ri GLv‡bB
cÖwZewÜZv! cÖwZeÜx e¨w³iv my‡hvM †c‡j mÿg n‡Z cv‡i-GB wkÿvwU Avgv‡ì mgvR eë¯’vq GLbI
M„nxZ nqwb|
cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì wkÿv, PvKwi, eëmvq, mvgvwRK AvPvi-Abyôvbmn wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î AskMÖnY †Zgb
†Pv‡L c‡o bv| A‡bK AwffveK cÖwZeÜx mšÍvb‡K wewfbœ Abyôv‡b wb‡q †M‡jI mvgvwRK bvbvwea
Dw³ †kvbv Ges nxb bR‡i †`Lvi Kvi‡Y cÖwZeÜx mšÍvb‡ì wb‡q †h‡Z Pvb bv| Kzms¯‹v‡ii Kvi‡Y †h
cwiev‡i cÖwZeÜx mšÍvb Av‡Q †mB cwiev‡ii m‡½ AvZ¥xqZv Ki‡Z A‡b‡KB AbvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i| eyw×
cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì mgv‡Ri †jvK-Rb cvMj g‡b K‡i; Zv‡ì †ÿcv‡Z Lye gRv cvq|
mgv‡R cªwZeÜx bvix

mgMÖ bvix RvwZ †hLv‡b †kvl‡Yi wkKvi Ges AwaKvi ewÂZ †mLv‡b cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì Ae¯’v †Zv
AeY©bxq! bvix nIqvq êlg¨ I wbh©vZ‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖwZeÜx nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zvi RxebK AviI wbg©g
I `ywe©ln| cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì‡K AviI wbw`©ó I mxgve× MwÐi g‡a¨ ivLv nq| A‡bK †ÿÎ, GK gvÎ
gv Qvov Ab¨ KviI mv‡_ Zvi †hvMv‡hvM _v‡K bv, †hLv‡b †m GKUv †evSv wn‡m‡eB cwiMwYZ nq|
Zviv A‡b‡KB GKvwKZ¡ I eÜz-evÜenxb Rxeb hvcb K‡i| A‡bK cÖwZeÜx bvixi we‡qi cÖ¯Íve Av‡m
bv ev we‡q nq bv; Zvi we‡q nIqvUv‡K mgm¨v g‡b Kiv nq| KviI KviI we‡q n‡jI cÖPzi A_©-m¤ú`
w`‡Z nq| G‡ÿ‡Î, cvÎwU wkÿv-`xÿvq ev Av_©-mvgvwRK w`‡q Zvi Dchy³ wKbv Zv bvI †`Lv n‡Z
cv‡i| G †ÿ‡Î cÖwZeÜx bvixi cÖwZwÜZv‡KB Ôeo A‡hvM¨ZvÕ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| we‡qi ci
k¦ïi-k¦vïox, †èi-¯^vgx, bb`-Rv I k¦ïievwoi Ab¨vb¨ AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡ì Kv‡Q †nq cÖwZcbœ n‡q
_vK‡Z nq; GgbwK KviI KviI Rxe‡b wbg©g wbh©vZbI †b‡g Av‡m| Avevi †Kvb †Kvb bvix‡K
AwP‡iB evevi evwo‡Z wd‡i Avm‡Z nq| we‡qi †ÿ‡Î bvix cÖwZeÜxi Rb¨ cyiæl cÖwZeÜx cvÎ Lyu‡R
†ei Kivi cÖeYZv jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| mgv‡Ri GgbI aviYv cÖwZdwjZ nq †h, cÖwZeÜx bvixiv †hŠb
Rxe‡b I mšÍvb avi‡Y Aÿg|
28
wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi cwimsL¨vb Abymv‡i, †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi kZKiv `k fvM cÖwZeÜx Rb‡Mvôx|
Avi †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi Avwk fvM MÖv‡g emevm K‡i; †m wn‡m‡e cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì wekvj
AskwUiI emevm MÖvgvÂ‡j| cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì Rxeb gvb Dbœq‡b I AwaKvi cÖwZôvq miKvwi I
†emiKvwi ch©v‡q wKQy cÖwZôvb Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡jI G¸‡jvi AwaKvskB n‡”Q kni †K›`ªxK|
Zvn‡j welqwU mn‡RB Aby‡gq, †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi kZKiv `k fvM cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ KZ
Rb Gi mydj †fvM Ki‡Q! hwÌ miKvwi I †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M BwZg‡a¨ RvZxq bxwZgvjv I cÖwZeÜx
Kj¨vY AvBb-2001 cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| miKvi wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK mb`mg~‡nI ¯^vÿi K‡i‡Qb| miKvwi
I †emiKvwi ch©v‡q wewfbœ msMVb, cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì ¯^wbf©i msMVb, cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì Dbœqb I
AwaKvi cÖwZôvq wewfbœ Kvh©µ‡gi cvkvcvwk MYgva¨‡g cÖPviYv me wgwj‡q AvR mgv‡R cÖwZewÜZv I
cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li m‡PZbZv evo‡Q; Lye ax‡i n‡jI mvgvwRK cÖPwjZ `„wóf½xi
BwZevPK cwieZ©b jÿ¨ Kiv hv‡”Q| we‡klZ †h mKj GjvKvq cÖwZeÜx e¨w³iv wb‡Riv msMwVZ n‡q
¯’vbxq RbMY‡K mv‡_ wb‡q m‡PZbZvg~jK I `„wóf½x cwieZ©‡b KvR Ki‡Q, †m mKj GjvKvi
BwZevPK cwieZ©b we‡klfv‡e jÿŸxq
• ‡gvU RbmsL¨vi 10 fvM †Kvb bv †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZeÜx A_©¨vr 650 wgwjqb gvbyl cÖwZewÜZv
wb‡q emevm Ki‡Q|
• 30 fvM cwiev‡ii ‡fZ‡i cÖwZeÜx m`m¨ i‡q‡Q|
• Dbœqbkxj †`‡k RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 80 fvM cÖwZeÜx
• AbybœqZ †`‡k RbmsL¨vi 20% cÖwZeÜx †jv‡Ki emevm
• Avgv‡ì †`‡k 70 eQi hver cÖZ¨vwkZfv‡e A_©¨r RbmsL¨vi M‡o 8 eQi a‡i A‡bï Dci
wbf©i K‡i Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Q|
• Gi d‡j cªwZeÜx I AcÖwZeÜx e¨w³iv †hŠb Kvh©Kjv‡c wjß n‡”Q|
• hvi dj ¯îæc cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ GBP, AvBwf /GBW&m SuywKc~Y© Ae¯’vi m„wó n‡”Q|
• cÖwZeÜx e¨w³iv wZbwU ch©vq fv‡e ÿwZi wkKvi n‡”Q kvwiixK Ges †hŠbZvi Aceënvi
Ges al©Y Ges Gi d‡j Zv‡ì kvwiixK, gvbwmK Ges wePvimsµvšÍ D™¢vebx kw³ mKj myweav
†_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q|
• cÖwZeÜx e¨w³iv cÖvqB Zv‡ì AwfÁZv †Rvi K‡i wbõj K‡i †`qv n‡”Q, Mf©cv‡Z †Rvi Kiv
n‡”Q Ges †Rvi K‡i we‡q †`qv n‡”Q|
Avevi RbmsL¨vi 15 fvM A_¨v©r 1 wewjqb †jvK cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì KvQvKvwQ emevm Ki‡Q| wecyj
msL¨K A_¨v©r kZKiv 80 fvM cÖwZeÜx †jvK Dbœqbkxj †`‡kevm Ki‡Q †m mv‡_ `yB-ZzZxq Ask
cÖwZeÜxe¨w³ Gwkqvi kvšÍxc~Y© AÂj¸‡jv‡ZI i‡q‡Q| GB msL¨K cÖwZewÜZv m„wó Kvib n‡”Q `ªZ
RbmsL¨v e„w×, e‡qve„w×, mwnsmZv, hy×, Ø›×, gh©`vnvbx Ki cwi‡ek, `wi`ªZgfv‡e †Rvi K‡i
KvR wbqš¿Y ivLv, †hŠbZv, wj½‡f‡` wnsmªZv, ÿwZKi HwZnëvnx Af¨vm Ges cwigvc c×wZi
Dbœqb| 35 wgwjqb RbmsL¨vi g‡a¨ 2.5 Ges 3.5 wgwjqb ¯’vbP¨zZ cÖwZeÜxZv wb‡q evm Ki‡Q,
†mB mv‡_ AwaKmsL¨K cÖwZeÜx m„wói KviY n‡”Q m¤úª`vqMZ Ø›×, hy× A_ev cÖvK„wZK `y‡hv©M Gi
d‡j gvby‡li Abyf~wZ bó n‡q hv‡”Q|
AwaKZi DbœZI AbybœZ †`‡k cÖwZeÜx cyiæl Ges bvix‡ì Dfq‡K Avjv`v fv‡e e¨cK ¸iæZ¡Zvq
we‡ePbv Kiv nq †mLv‡b cÖwZeÜx cyiæl Gi g~j¨ wbav©iY Kiv 12% Ges cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì †ÿ‡Î
19.2% g~j¨ wba©viY Kiv nq|
GLbI me©e¨vwc we¯ÍvwiZ Qwe wj½ I cÖwZewÜZvi wef³ Kivi gZ †Kvb WvUv msMÖn Ges M‡elYvi
mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q Ges cÖvqB Rbeûj KviLvbv ¸‡jv‡Z ¸bMZgv‡bi cÖwZ×w›×Zv †`Lv hvq †hgb,
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`wi`ª bvix, wj½ m¤ú‡K© mvs¯‹…wZ aviYv, †hŠbZv Ges cÖRbbZv AvBb, mwnsmZv, Aceënvi, Ges
wewfbœ ai‡bi †kvlY †hgb, wkï kÖg|
cÖwZewÜZv †Kvb mxgveÜ GKwU Av_© - mvgvwRK `j ev †Kvb mvs¯‹…wZ ev eq‡mi `j bq| cÖwZewÜZvi
`yB Kvi‡b nq Ges GKwU `vwi`ªZvi cwiYwZi mv‡_ e¨w³ Ges cÖwZewÜZv, we‡klZ bvix I cÖwZeÜx
wkï, wek¦ `vwi`ªZvB Gi gvSLv‡b cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Q| GB welq GKgZ †h, cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì ev`
w`‡q `vwi`ªZv Dbœqb jvf Kiv m¤¢e bq|
A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡b cÖwZeÜx e¨w³

A_©‰bwZK Rxe‡b cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì Ae¯’vb A‡bKUvB k~‡bï †KvVvq| g~jZ A_©‰bwZK wbf©ikxjZv
e¨w³‡K AviI †ewkgvÎvq cÖwZeÜx K‡i †Zv‡j| G ch©šÍ PvKwi, Kg©ms¯’vb, eëmv-evwY‡Rï wewfbœ
†ÿ‡Î Zv‡ì Ae¯’vb D‡jøL bv Kivi g‡ZvB| cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì GLbI ch©šÍ †Zgb A_©‰bwZK
Kg©Kv‡Ð mwµq f~wgKv ivL‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| ZvQvov, wcZv-gvZvmn mgv‡Ri gvbyl fve‡ZB cv‡i bv
†h †Kvb cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ DcvR©b K‡i cvwievwiK Kv‡R AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Dchy³ w`Kwb‡`©kbv I
my‡hv‡Mi Afv‡e ZvB cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨KB †Pv‡L c‡o mgv‡Ri wewfbœ Abyrcv`bkxj
cÖwµqvq| d‡j Zviv cwiMwYZ n‡”Q mgv‡Ri †evSv wn‡m‡e| wKš‘ Dbœqbg~jK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Zvi
mxgve×ZvUzKz †g‡b wb‡q `ÿZv AR©‡bi my‡hvM †Ìqv nq Zvn‡j †m A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ¯^vej¤^x n‡q
DV‡Z cv‡i, cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z cÖPwjZ mgv‡Ri †bwZevPK
`„wóf½xiI cwieZ©b NU‡e|
iv‡óª cÖwZeÜx e¨w³

cÖPwjZ mgvR KvVv‡gv‡Z cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡K †hgb, cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i Ae‡njvi wkKvi n‡Z nq, †Zgwb ivóªxq
KvVv‡gv‡ZI Zvi Ae¯’vb g~javivq †bB| Avgv‡ì msweav‡bi Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii
we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q| cweÎ msweav‡b 27bs Aby‡”Q‡` ejv n‡q‡Q "All citizens are equal
before law and are entitled to equal protection of law"| miKvwi wb‡qvM jv‡fi my‡hv‡Mi
mgZvi †ÿ‡Î 29 Gi (1) Dcavivq ejv n‡q‡Q "There shall be equality of opportunity for all
citizens in respect of employment or office in the service of the republic." msweav‡b mKj
bvMwi‡Ki mgvb my‡hvM I AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv n‡jI ev¯ÍeZv wfbœ! cÖwZeÜx Rb‡Mvôx ivóªxq my‡hvM
†_‡K AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB ewÂZ| cÖwZewÜZv wel‡q AvšÍR©vwZK I RvZxq wewfbœ bxwZgvjv MÖnY Kiv
n‡jI Zvi h_vh_ ev¯Íevqb GLbI †`Lv hvq bv| ivóxq Rxe‡b êlg¨ Avi eÂbv cÖwZeÜx RbM‡Yi
fv‡Mï mv‡_ †j‡ÞB Av‡Q| ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Bk‡Znvi¸‡jv‡Z cÖwZeÜx Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ †Kvb my¯úó
w`Kwb‡`©kbv †Pv‡L c‡o bv| AvBbMZ AwaKvi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ivóªxq mg¯Í AwaKvi †_‡K cÖwZeÜx
e¨w³iv AvRI ewÂZ| A_P c„w_exi ivR‰bwZK I ivóªxq BwZnv‡m †`Lv hvq A‡bK cÖwZeÜx e¨w³
ivR‰bwZK I cÖkvmwbK †ÿ‡Î D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb| †hgb, gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi ivóªcÖavb
iæR‡fë, mvnmx †hv×v ˆZg~i js|
30
lô Aa¨vq (Chapter Six)
cÖwZeÜx bvixi †hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges AwaKvi
(SRHR of the Women with Disabilities)
cÖwZeÜx bvixi ‡hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cvIqvi AwaKvi

K¨v‡¤úBb di ccyjvi GWz‡Kkb (CAMPE) Ges ‡b`vij¨vÛm A¨v¤^vwmÕi GKwU M‡elYvc‡Î ejv
n‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì cÖRbb ¯^v‡¯’ï Dci h_vh_ ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv nqbv | mvgvwRK,
mvs¯‹…wZK I agx©q bvbv Kzms¯‹vi, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ m¤ú‡K© ‡mwVK Z_¨ I Áv‡bi Afve bvbv cÖwZeÜKZvi
m„wó K‡i| we‡klZ cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì Gme my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ Kivmn Zv‡ì‡K mšÍvb Rb¥`vb I
jvjb cvj‡b wbiærmvwnZ Kiv nq| Dciš‘ cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì `v¤úZ¨ m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b Aÿg, wbf©ikxj,
mšÍvb jvjb cvj‡b Amg_© e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i cwievi MV‡bi AwaKvi

cÖwZeÜx e¨w³e‡M©i AwaKvi mb` nj GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK AvBb hv cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì AwaKvimg~n
wPwýZ K‡i; cvkvcvwk †mB AwaKvimg~n msiÿY I ev¯Íevq‡b ivóªmg~‡ni evaëvaKZv i‡q‡Q
mb`wU‡Z| ev¯Íevqb wbwðZ Ki‡Z `ywU cÖwµqvI wba©viY K‡i †`q mb`wU: cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì AwaKvi
msµvšÍ KwgwU; hv ev¯Íevqb gwbUwis Kivi Rb¨ MwVZ Ges ivóªmg~‡ni m‡¤§jb, hv ev¯Íevqb msµvšÍ
welq¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbvi Rb¨ AbywôZ nq| GB mb`wU nj GKvwesk kZvwãi cÖ_g mb` Ges GwU
AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv m¤úbœ me©cÖ_g `wjj; hv cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì AwaKvi e¨vcKfv‡e myiÿv K‡i|
aviv-23: M„n I cwiev‡ii AwaKvi

1. kixK ivóª cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì weevn, cwievi, wcZ…Z¡ I gvZ…Z¡ Ges AvZ¥xqZv m¤úwK©Z mKj wel‡q,
Ab¨v‡bï mv‡_ mgZvi wfwË‡Z, êlg¨ `~i Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v †b‡e| Gi gva¨‡g †hb:
(K) weevn‡hvM¨ eq‡mi mKj cÖwZeÜx AvMÖnx e¨w³i gy³ I c~Y© m¤§wZi wfwË‡Z êevwnK m¤úK© ¯’vcb
I cwievi MV‡bi AwaKvi ¯^xK…wZ cvq;
(L) cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì ¯^vaxb I `vwqZ¡kxjfv‡e mšÍvb msL¨v I Rb¥-weiwZ wba©viY, eqm-Abyhvqx
cÖRbb I cwievi cwiKíbv m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ I wkÿv jv‡fi AwaKvi wbwðZ nq| GB AwaKvi PP©vi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj c×wZ †hb Zv‡ì Kv‡Q mnRjf¨ nq| (M) Ab¨vb¨‡ì mv‡_ mgZvi wfwË‡Z
wkïmn mKj cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i cÖRbb De©iZv eRvq ivLv wbwðZ nq|
Gfv‡e wewfbœ M‡elYv I cÖKvkbv ‡_‡K GUvB cÖZxqgvb nq ‡h, mvaviY ¯^v¯’¨‡mev we‡klZ cÖRbb
¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi MVb msµvšÍ Z_¨ I †mev †_‡K cÖwZeÜx bvixiv memgqB Ae‡nwjZ _vK‡Q|
RvwZmsN †NvwlZ cÖwZeÜx e¨w³e‡M©i AwaKvi mb‡` (CRPD) cÖwZeÜx bvixi mvwe©K Dbœqb Z_v
bvix-cyiæl wbwe©‡k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì we‡q I wbR cwievi MV‡bi AwaKvi ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q|
cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i cÖwZ wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a cvwievwiK ev mvgvwRK f~wgKv

aviv-15: wbh©vZb ev wbôziZv, AgvbweKZv ev gh©v`vnvwbKi AvPiY ev kvw¯Í †_‡K gyw³
aviv-16: †kvlY, mwnsmZv I wbh©vZb †_‡K gyw³
cªwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì AvBwb mnvqZvg~jK Z_¨
miKvix AvBbMZ †mevmg~n :

Avcwb KLb AvBbMZ †mev †c‡Z cv‡ib
31
miKvix AvBbMZ mnvqZv Kvh©Î‡gi AvIZvq †mevmg~n :
miKvix AvBbMZ mnvqZvi Rb¨ †hLv‡b Av‡e`b Ki‡Z n‡e ev wKfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e :
aviv-12: mgvb AvBbx ¯^xK…wZ

1. kixK ivóª `„pZvi mv‡_ cybe©¨³ K‡i †h, cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì me©ÎB e¨w³ wn‡m‡e mgvb AvBbx
¯^xK…wZ cvIhvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
2. kixK ivóª ¯^xKvi K‡i †h, cÖwZeÜx e¨w³MY Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î Ab¨vb¨‡ì mgvb AvBbx KZ…©Z¡
†fvM Ki‡eb|
3. AvBbx KZ…©Z¡ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv †c‡Z kixK ivóª cÖwZeÜx e¨w³M‡Yi Rb¨ h_vh_
eë¯’v MªnY Ki‡e|
aviv-13: mywePvi cÖvwßi AwaKvi
cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i AwaKvi I myiÿv AvBb, 2013 †Z cªwZeÜx e¨w³i ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cvIqvi K_v my¯úófv‡e
D‡jøL Av‡Q
AvšÍ©RvwZK AvBb I bxwZgvjvi †cÖÿvc‡U:
wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v Ges RvwZms‡Ni RbmsL¨v welqK Znwej (cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges M‡elYv wefvM) Gi
wi‡cvU© Abymv‡i, cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ìI Ab¨vb¨ mevi gZ cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi MV‡bi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q;
ZeyI G msµvšÍ Z_¨ I †mevmg~n cÖvwß‡Z bvbv ai‡bi cÖwZeÜKZvi m¤§y_xb nq|
1994 mv‡j wgk‡ii Kvq‡iv‡Z AbywôZ RbmsL¨v I Dbœqb welqK AvšÍ©RvwZK m‡¤§jb (ICPD) G
cªwZeÜx bvixi RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœq‡b wewb‡qvM Ges bvixi ÿgZvq‡bi c~e©kZ© wnmv‡e Zv‡ì cÖRbb
¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi MV‡bi AwaKvi Z_v cwievi cwiKíbv we‡klfv‡e ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv nq |
K¨v‡¤úBb di ccyjvi GWz‡Kkb (CAMPE) Ges ‡b`vij¨vÛm A¨v¤^vwmÕi GKwU M‡elYvc‡Î ejv
n‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì cÖRbb ¯^v‡¯’ï Dci h_vh_ ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv nqbv | mvgvwRK,
mvs¯‹…wZK I agx©q bvbv Kzms¯‹vi, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ m¤ú‡K© mwVK Z_¨ I Áv‡bi Afve bvbv cÖwZeÜKZvi
m„wó K‡i| we‡klZ cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì Gme my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ Kivmn Zv‡ì‡K mšÍvb Rb¥`vb I
jvjb cvj‡b wbiærmvwnZ Kiv nq| Dciš‘ cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì `v¤úZ¨ m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b Aÿg, wbf©ikxj,
mšÍvb jvjb-cvj‡b Amg_© e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
Gfv‡e wewfbœ M‡elYv I cÖKvkbv ‡_‡K GUvB cÖZxqgvb nq ‡h, mvaviY ¯^v¯’¨‡mev we‡klZ cÖRbb
¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi MVb msµvšÍ Z_¨ I †mev †_‡K cÖwZeÜx bvixiv memgqB Ae‡nwjZ _vK‡Q|
RvwZmsN †NvwlZ cÖwZeÜx e¨w³e‡M©i AwaKvi mb‡` (CRPD) cÖwZeÜx bvixi mvwe©K Dbœqb Z_v
bvix-cyiæl wbwe©‡k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì we‡q I wbR cwievi MV‡bi AwaKvi ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q|
aviv-6: cÖwZeÜx bvix
1. kixK ivóª ¯^xKvi K‡i †h cÖwZeÜx bvix I Kb¨vwkïiv eûgyLx êl‡gï wkKvi Ges GB †cÖwÿ‡Z
Zviv hv‡Z mKj gvbevwaKvi I †gŠwjK ¯^vaxbZvi mgvb I c~Y© Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i †mB j‡ÿ¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e|
2. GB mb‡` DwjøwLZ mKj gvbevwaKvi I †gŠwjK ¯^vaxbZv †hb cÖwZeÜx bvixiv c~Y© gvÎvq PP©v I
Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i, †mB D‡Ï‡k¨ kixK ivóª cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì mvwe©K Dbœqb, AMÖMwZ I ÿgZvqb
wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e|
aviv-23: M„n I cwiev‡ii AwaKvi
32
1. kixK ivóª cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì weevn, cwievi, wcZ…Z¡ I gvZ…Z¡ Ges AvZ¥xqZv m¤úwK©Z mKj wel‡q,
Ab¨v‡bï mv‡_ mgZvi wfwË‡Z, êlg¨ `~i Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v †b‡e| Gi gva¨‡g †hb:
(K) weevn‡hvM¨ eq‡mi mKj cÖwZeÜx AvMÖnx e¨w³i gy³ I c~Y© m¤§wZi wfwË‡Z êevwnK m¤úK© ¯’vcb
I cwievi MV‡bi AwaKvi ¯^xK…wZ cvq;
(L) cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì ¯^vaxb I `vwqZ¡kxjfv‡e mšÍvb msL¨v I Rb¥-weiwZ wba©viY, eqm-Abyhvqx
cÖRbb I cwievi cwiKíbv m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ I wkÿv jv‡fi AwaKvi wbwðZ nq| GB AwaKvi PP©vi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj c×wZ †hb Zv‡ì Kv‡Q mnRjf¨ nq| (M) Ab¨vb¨‡ì mv‡_ mgZvi wfwË‡Z
wkïmn mKj cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i cÖRbb De©iZv eRvq ivLv wbwðZ nq|
aviv-25: ¯^v¯’¨
cÖwZewÜZvi Kvi‡Y †Kvbiƒc êlg¨ bv K‡i kixK ivóª cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì me©vwaK AR©b‡hvM¨gv‡bi
¯^v¯’¨ jv‡fi AwaKvi‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`q|
(K) Ab¨vb¨‡ì mv‡_ mgZvi wfwË‡Z GKB aiY, GKB ¸Y I gvbm¤úbœ webvg~‡jï ev ¯^íe¨qx ¯^v¯’¨
Kg©m~wP MÖnY I †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡e| †hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges Rb¯^v¯’¨ GB Kg©m~wP I †mevq AšÍf©y³
_vK‡e;
evsjv‡`‡ki AvBb I bxwZgvjvi †cÖÿvc‡U: cÖwZeÜx Rb‡Mvôxi Dbœq‡b evsjv‡`k miKvi bvbvgyLx
c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Q| 1995 Lªxóv‡ã RvZxq Kg© cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ges 2001 mv‡j cÖwZeÜx Kj¨vY
AvBb cÖYqb Kiv nq| evsjv‡`k miKvi RvwZmsN †NvwlZ cÖwZeÜx e¨w³e‡M©i AwaKvi mbÌ ¯^vÿi
K‡i‡Q Ges †m Av‡jv‡K 2013 Lªxóv‡ã cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì AwaKvi I myiÿv AvBb-2013 cvk Kiv
nq|
cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì AwaKvi I myiÿv AvBb, 2013 Gi 16 bs avivq cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i me ai‡bi
AwaKv‡ii K_v we‡klZ cwievi MV‡bi K_v ejv Av‡Q;
(O) gvZv-wcZv, êa ev AvBbMZ AwffveK, mšÍvb ev cwiev‡ii mwnZ mgv‡R emevm, êevwnK
m¤úK© ¯’vcb I cwievi MVb|
evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii bvix Dbœqb bxwZgvjv 2011 Gi 39 b¤î aviv: cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì Rb¨ we‡klvwqZ
Kvh©µg-G cÖwZeÜx bvix‡ì wkÿv, wPwKrmv, cÖwkÿY, cyb©evmb, AšÍ©f~w³ I Dbœqb Gi welq D†jøL
_vK‡jI we‡q I cwievi MVb m¤ú‡K© wKQz ejv nqwb|
cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì †hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ I mgAwaKvi: evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ 2011 Gi wØZxq
Aa¨vq G wjLv Av‡Q RbmvaviY we‡kl K‡i MÖvg I kn‡ii `wi`ª Ges cðvrc` Rb‡Mvwôi Rb¨
gvbm¤úbœ I mnRjf¨ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wbwðZ Kiv|
Aóg Aa¨v‡q Av‡Q - AwZ `wi`ª I Aí Av‡qi Rb‡Mvwôi g‡a¨ cwievi cwiKíbv Kg©m~wP‡K MÖnY†hvM¨
Kiv I cwievi cwiKíbv mvgMÖxi mnRjf¨Zv wbwðZ Kiv|
we: `ª: wKš‘ RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ‡Z †Kv_vI mywbw`©ó K‡i cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ ev cÖwZeÜx bvix ev cÖwZeÜx
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì K_v D‡jøL Kiv †bB|
33
mnvqK Z_¨cwÄ
(Reference)
1. wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwi‡ì cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨, evsjv‡`k cwievi cwiKíbv mwgwU (GdwcGwe), 2006

2. wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwi‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v, Lyikx` Rvnvb e„wó, 2010
3. wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwi‡ì †hŠb mgm¨v, Amxg ea©b
4. †RÛvi wek^‡Kvl (1g I 2q LÐ), †mwjbv †nv‡mb Ges gvmy`y¾vgvb m¤úvw`Z, 2006
5. cÖwZewÜZv I Dbœqb Z_¨msKjb, Uvwb©s c‡q›U dvD‡Ûkb, 2017
6. cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i AwaKvi I myiÿv AvBb, 2013
7. wbD‡iv- †W‡fjc‡g›Uvj myiÿv Uªv÷ AvBb, 2013
8. RvZxq š^v¯’¨bxwZ 2008
34
35
Z_¨msKjbwU m¤ú‡K©
†hŠb I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges AwaKvi Rxe‡biB Ask; hv m¤ú‡K© evsjv‡`‡ki wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwi‡ì m‡PZb
Kiv GB Z_¨msKj‡bi D‡Ïk¨| GwU Uvwb©s c‡q›U dvD‡Ûkb Av‡qvwRZ ÔwK‡kvi-wK‡kvwi †hŠb I
cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges AwaKviÕ kxl©K cÖwkÿ‡Yi-B dmj| †kqvi-†bU B›Uvib¨vkbvj-Gi mn‡hvwMZvq 07-
09 b‡f¤î 2017 Lªxóv‡ã Av‡qvwRZ GB cÖwkÿ‡Y †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K 20 Rb wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwi
AskMÖnY K‡i; hv‡ì AwaKvskB cÖwZeÜx wK‡kvi I wK‡kvwi| mgv‡Ri wcwQ‡qcov Ab¨vb¨ Rb‡Mvôx
†_‡KI K‡qK Rb AskMÖnYKvix| Zv‡ìB Rxe‡bi Abyf‚wZ I ev¯Íe AwfÁZvi cvkvcvwk cÖwkÿ‡Y
mnvqKe„‡›ì `xN© w`‡bi AwfÁZvq m¤§„× n‡q‡Q G cÖwkÿY; hvi mgv‡ek N‡U‡Q mnvwqKvwU‡Z|
ZvB †`‡ki mKj wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwii D‡Ï‡k¨ mnvwqKvwU Db¥y³| Avgiv wek^vm Kwi, êwPÎ¨, b¨vh¨Zv
I mK‡ji AskMÖnY, Z‡eB m¤¢e †UKmB Dbœqb| GwU eënvi K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ AÂ‡ji
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvwiiv hw` mvgvb¨ZgI DcK…Z nq, Avgv‡ì mK‡ji cwikÖg ¯^v_©K g‡b Ki‡ev|
mnvwqKvwUi cÖ_g ms¯‹iY GwU; hv av‡c av‡c Dbœq‡b Avcbv‡ì g~jëvb civgk© mv`‡i MÖnY Ki‡ev|
abëv`v‡šÍ, Uvwb©s c‡q›U dvD‡Ûkb|
About the Handbook

The goal of this Handbook is to aware the Adolescents of Bangladesh on Sexual and
Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR). It is an output of the training on 'Sexual and
Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) of the Adolescents' organized by
Turning Point Foundation during 07-09 November 2017 with support from the
Share-Net International. A total of 20 adolescents from the different parts of the
country participated in the training. Most of them were girls and boys with
disabilities. Some the participants were also from other marginalized groups of the
society. The training was flourished with their own feelings and experiences as well
as the vast experiences of the training Facilitators. All of these have been brought
together in this Handbook.
Therefore, this Handbook is open for all adolescents of Bangladesh. We are striving
for Diversity, Equity & Inclusion for Sustainable Development. If the youth
groups around Bangladesh are benefited, even a little bit, utilizing this Handbook, we
will think our initiative is successful. It is the first version of its kind and we welcome
your valuable advices wholeheartedly to improve it gradually. Thank you, Turning
Point Foundation.
mnvwqKvwU wb‡Pi I‡qemvB‡U cvIqv hv‡e (The Handbook is available at the following website)
www.turningpointbd.org
†kqvi-†bU B›Uvib¨vkbvj -Gi A_©vq‡b ev¯ÍevwqZ cÖK‡íi Kvh©µ‡gi Ask wn‡m‡e cÖKvwkZ
(This publication is a part of a project financed by Share-Net International)

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Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR)

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