PRINCIPLES OF ART: elements may appear in artwork in

● Balance a recurring manner.

○ it could either be symmetrical, ● Unity
asymmetrical or radial. ○ is the overall cohesion of the work
○ Symmetrical balance- refers to and it should not be confused with
the exact mirroring of objects harmony.
across an axis. ○ can be achieved through any kind
○ Asymmetrical balance- it of grouping of objects.
involves shifting the balance to the ● Contrast
other side of the axis. ○ an object may be made stronger
● Harmony compared to other objects using
○ is the concept of achieving visual this.
equilibrium and balance in a ○ disparity between the elements that
composition. figure into the composition.
○ it involves the reconciliation of ARTISTS/GODS:
opposing elements or forces ● Dan Flavin- used light from standard
within an artwork to create a fluorescent tubes as a sculptural medium.
sense of visual stability. ● Pablo Picasso- created The
● Rhythm Family of Saltimbanques
○ Regular Repetition painting that shows the Principle
○ Alternating Rhythm of Emphasis by isolation.
○ Progressive Rhythm- can add ● Dionysus- god of fertility that started the
interest to a composition. Greek theater.
● Emphasis ● Young male Greek statues in the Archaic
○ contrast, placement size period are known as Kouros while young
color or other features are female statues are called Kore.
used to highlight one object, ● Paul Cézanne- the most influential artist in
or other elements in the history of modern painting.
artwork. ● Donatello- middle Ages sculptor
● Proportion known for his statues of David,
○ refers to the relative size and scale Mary Magdalene and the
of the various elements in a design. Madonna.
○ relates to the realistic size of the ● Donald Judd- “Stacks”
visual elements in the artwork. ● Filippo Tomasso Mannetti- artist from
○ the relationship between objects, or Futurism Movement.
parts, of a whole. ● Henri Matisse is an artist from the
○ this means that it is necessary to Fauvism Movement.
discuss proportions in terms of ● El Greco is an artist from the Renaissance
the context or standard used to Period.
determine proportions. ● Arcangelo Corelli: "Brandenburg
● Repetition Concerto”
○ lines, shapes, colors, and other
 ● Italian composers: Vivaldi, Corelli, and celebrate all the Roman gods, the
Monteverdi. Parthenon was built in Ancient
● Michelangelo is often associated with Greece for the goddess Athena.
the Renaissance period. His artworks ● School of Athens- Italian Art
are: Baccus, David, The Creation of ● Great Sphinx- Egyptian Art
Adam. PLACES:
● Gian Lorenzo Bernini is often ● Lascaux, France- large low relief
associated with reviving elements of sculpture, engravings, clay
Hellenistic art during the modeling, and big compositions
Renaissance. including many animals are
● Giotto di Bondone is well renowned characteristic of the discovery.
for his explorations of perspective and ● Moai of Easter Island and Stonehenge in
pictorial space. His works carry an England are examples of monolith
intensity that is not common in great ● Halls of Bulls, Lascaux France, Cave
art. drawings in South Sahara, Africa
ARTS: Spain and Galloping Wild Boars
● Hieroglyphics- earliest form of writing. Altamira Spain are examples of
● Vitruvian Man- an artwork shows a pictograph.
perfectly proportioned human body. 3 PERIOD OF STONE AGE:
● Trajan’s Column- greatest relief sculpture ● Paleolithic
of Ancient Rome. ○ Pictographs on cave walls and
● Colosseum- named after a ceilings were composed of animal
colossal statue of Nero and was images
built by Emperor Vespasian to ○ In Patagonia, the southernmost
appease the masses. region of South America, the
● Baths of Trajan- a huge bathing and “Toldense” people covered their
leisure complex l and it was south cave and shelters with
side of the Oppian Hill designed by handprints.
Apollodorus of Damascus. ○ Petroglyphs- cave art made up of
● Arch of Titus- is the oldest arrows, sues, tree shapes, parallel
surviving Roman triumphal arch lines, series of dots.
that was built after the young
● Mesolithic
Emperor's death.
● Neolithic- Vase decoration started in this
● Plain of Auvers- Vincent Van Gogh
period.
● Fallen Monarchs- William Baker
● Well and grinding wheel in the forest of CIVILIZATIONS:
the chateau- Paul Cezanne
● Prehistoric- early human societies that
● The Water Lily Pond- Claude Monet existed before the advent of written
● Discoplus Structure - Classical Art history and recorded civilization.
● Impression Sunrise - Modern Art ○ Stone Age: Paleolithic, Mesolithic,
● The Pantheon and the Parthenon are Neolithic.
both ancient temples. While the ○ Stone Age Art: Venus of
Pantheon was built in Rome to Willendorf, Hall of Bulls,
 Stonehenge Trajans, Column of Marcus Aurellius,
○ Features of Venus of Willendorf: Arch of Titus
Large hips, breast and belly. ○ Aqueducts- this is a remarkable
○ Egyptian Period: Old Kingdom, engineering achievement in ancient
Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom Rome.
○ Egyptian art & structures: Great ● Middle Ages- this was the period of
Pyramid of Giza, Queen Nefertiti, art development where the Church was
Narmers’ Palette. the central figure and authority.
○ Great Pyramid of Giza: served as ○ Most European art during the Middle
tombs and provided resting place Ages was religious with Catholic
for the pharaohs. themes.
○ Queen Nefertiti used naturalism ○ Including the stained glass windows.
in depicting the artwork. ○
Middle Age Arts: Romanesque,
○ Namer's palette- commemoration Byzantine and Gothic.
of the unification of Upper and ○ Medieval Art: Mosaic stained glass.
Lower Egypt under the rule of King ● Renaissance
Narmer. Symbols of King ○ The birth of Venus
Narmers’ Palette: Horus, Hathor, ○ School of Athens by Raphael
and Slain enemies.
○ Monalisa
○ Tomb of King
Tutankhamun is a
sarcophagus covered in a
golden mask and was
discovered by Howard
Carter in 1922.
● Ancient Greek/Rome- two ancient
ARTISTIC MOVEMENTS:
civilizations had a profound and
lasting impact on Western culture, ● Mannerism
shaping the foundations of democracy, ○ most artworks during this
law, art, and architecture, among other period displayed distorted
fields. figures, two dimensional
○ Periods of Greek Art: Geometric, spaces, discordant hues and
Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic. colors, and lack of defined
○ Geometric Period- example: Dipylon focal point.
Amphora Vase ○ artists would observe nature and
○ Archaic Period- example: Kouros and try their best to emulate it based on
Kore their observation.
○ Classical Period- example: Parthenon ● Baroque
○ Hellenistic Period- example: Laocoon ○ motion and space were
and his sons taken into consideration by
artists like the use of
○ Types of Columns in Greek
dramatic lighting and the
Architecture: Ionic, Doric, Corinthian
concept of time.
○ Famous Roman Structures: Bath of
● Neoclassicism- Age of Enlightenment
 ○ a dominant art movement that ○Example Art: Woman with a Hat,
aimed to revive and rekindle the Interior with a young girl
influences of Greek and Roman ● Cubism
into art and architecture. ○ highlighted the two dimensional
○ Neoclassical Architecture: surface of the picture plane
Palladian Style, Temple Style, ○ an artistic movement created by
Classical Block Style. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
● Romanticism ● Futurism-
○ known as the romantic era.
○ highlighted the speed, energy
● Realism dynamism, and power of machines.
○ artistic begins to depict real-like ○ Focuses on restlessness of modern
events life and disregards traditional
○ Example Art: The Gleaners methods of arts.
● Naturalism ○ Futurism Artists: Balla, Severini,
○ type of art that pays attention to Boccioni
very accurate and precise details
and portrays things as they are.
● Impressionism
○ artists incorporated scientific
principles to achieve a more
distinct representation of
color.
● Post-Impressionism
○ Post Impressionism Artists:
Cezanne, Seurat, and Van Gogh.
● Neo-Impressionism
○ is considered as a response to
empirical realism of impressionism.
● Art Nouveau
○ the ornamental style of art was a
break from the conservative
historicism.
○ Prevalent in this style of art are
female silhouettes adorned with
ornamental themes.
● Fauvism
○ artists used pure and vibrant
colors by applying straight from
the paint tubes directly to the
canvas.
○ Defined by the movement and
explosion of colors.