NAVAL RESERVE CENTER EATERN VISAYAS

★ MCMXCIII ★
“Raising a Dependable Naval reserve Force”

WEEK 1 | 8TH SEPTEMBER 2024

AFP ORGANIZATION
-The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) recognizes the Constitution of the Republic as the legitimate
expression of the people’s will. It is mandated to serve and protect the people and secure the sovereignty
of the state and the integrity to its national territory from internal and external threats, adheres to the
principle of supremacy of civilian authority over the military at all times and vows to uphold and defend
the Constitution.

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE AFP

-The AFP identifies itself with the Filipino people’s historical struggles for freedom and justice and their
vigilance against any attempt to violate the country’s integrity and sovereignty.
-The AFP, as the embodiment of the cherished martial values and traditions of the Filipino people, traces
its roots to certain historical events foremost of which is the Battle of Mactan on 27 April 1521 where
Lapu-Lapu, the acknowledge father of the AFP, first signaled our love for freedom.
-The Dagohoy Revolt in 1744, the Muslim resistance and other similar uprisings against Spanish
colonialism, the founding of the Katipunan on 07 July 1892 by Andres Bonifacio, considered as the father
of the Philippine Army, the Tejeros convention on 22 March 1897 which proclaimed officially our desire
for complete independence and thereafter gave birth to the Philippine Army.
-On 12 June 1898, the Philippine Independence was declared at Kawit, Cavite, and for the first time, the
Philippine Flag was unfurled by General Emilio Aguinaldo and our National Hymn was played. The
Filipino-American hostilities between 1898 and 1899 further demonstrated the Filipino soldier’s best in
terms of honor, valor, loyalty, duty and solidarity despite the overwhelming superiority of the enemy
forces. To hasten the Philippine campaign on peace and order, the Philippine Military Academy was
organized on 25 October 1898. By virtue of the National Defense Act enacted officially on 21 December
1935, The Armed Forces of the Philippines was created.

MISSION
To protect the people, secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the national territory.

CHAIN OF COMMAND

⮚ Commander-in-Chief (President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.) - Exercises strategic directions. The

President is the Commander-In-Chief of the AFP. He exercises strategic direction over the personnel
and the resources of the military establishments through the Secretary of the Department of National
Defense, who also represents his/ her in the executive function and in the supervision of the Defense
Program of the country.
⮚ Secretary DND (Secretary Giberto C. Teodoro Jr.) - Executive supervision over the AFP
⮚ AFP Chief of Staff (Gen. Romeo S. Brawner Jr.) - Executes policies of C-in-C and commands AFP.
The Chief of Staff, AFP executes the command functions of the President in relation to strategy,
tactics and operations. He is also the immediate adviser of the Secretary of National Defense Program
as prescribed by the Secretary of National Defense. The Chief of Staff has command and control over
all the elements of the AFP.

AFP COMPOSITION
Armed Forces of the Philippines shall be composed of the Regular Force and Reserve Force components.
The Regular Force is the permanent military organization which is maintained in time of peace and war.
The Reserve Force is the military organization that will come up physical existence only upon
mobilization as may be called upon by the Commander-In-Chief due to state of national emergency such
as war or widespread disorder.

AFP MAJOR SERVICES

⮚ Philippine Army Mission- To organize, train, equip and provide Army Forces for the conduct of
prompt and sustained security operation independently or jointly with other AFP units in order to
accomplish the AFP mission.
⮚ Philippine Air Force Mission- To conduct prompt and sustained air operations in support of the
AFP mission.
⮚ Philippine Navy Mission- To organize, train, equip, deploy and maintain forces for prompt and
sustained naval and maritime operations in support of the unified commands in the accomplishments
of the AFP mission.
⮚
AFP RESERVE COMMAND
- was organized as an AFP-wide support and separate unit on 01 April 1993 put to general Order
No. 22 General Headquarters (GHQ), AFP dated 02 march 1993 and Republic Act No. 7077,
otherwise known as the Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act as a base for the rapid
expansion of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in times of emergency.

MAJOR AFP SERVICE RESERVE COMMAND

⮚ Philippine Army (Army Reserve Command) - is premised on a dedication to service, faced with the
challenge of being in a constant state of readiness and responsiveness if it is to back up the regular
army.
⮚ Philippine Air Force (Air Force Reserve Command) - is actively involved in the administration and
utilization of the Air Force reservist.
⮚ Philippine Navy (Naval Reserve Command) - tasked to oversee and administer all naval reservists in
our country, in order to provide the navy not only a base for expansion in the event of war, invasion,
rebellion, or disaster and calamity relief but also to assist in socio-economic development of the
country.

8 NAVAL RESERVE CENTER

⮚ Naval Reserve Center Northern Luzon - Naval Detachment Bonuan, Dagupan City

⮚ Naval Reserve Center National Capital Region - Intramuros, Manila

⮚ Naval Reserve Center Southern Luzon - Legaspi City

⮚ Naval Reserve Center West Palawan

⮚ Naval Reserve Center Eastern Visayas - Cebu City (entire Visayas, Leyte, Samar)

⮚ Naval Reserve Center Western Visayas - Ilo-ilo

⮚ Naval Reserve Center Western Mindanao - Zamboanga City (Mindanao Areas)

⮚ Naval Reserve Center Eastern Mindanao - Davao City (Davao up to Sarangani

WEEK 2 | 15TH SEPTEMBER 2024

MILITARY COURTESY AND DISCIPLINE

INSTRUCTOR PROFILE
● SSgt. Kent Carmel D. Makinta PN(M)
● Entered Mil. Service: 19 August 2009
● Battalion: MBLT5
● (Patikul Sulu)
● (Tawi-Tawi)
● (Upi, Maguindanao)
● Previous Unit Assignment: HNRC
● Present Unit Assignment: HNRCEN-EV

Schooling:
● Marine Basic Course Class Nr 377
● CMO NCO, Basic Course Class Nr 06
● Marine Drill Instructor Course Class Nr 23
● Marine Operations NCO Course Class Nr 22
● Instructor Qualification Course Class Nr 02
● Combat Pistol Qualification Course Class Nr 06
CLASSROOM RULES
⮚ Respect: Yourself, Your classmates, Instructor

⮚ Raise: Questions, Confidence, Expectation

⮚ Follow: Instruction, Direction, School Rules

⮚
SAFETY REMINDERS
Safety matters: The best way to avoid danger is by the use of common sense.

INTRODUCTION
- The word Navy comes from a Latin word “naves” which means ship.
- Some rules of courtesy in the navy may appear unnecessary, that they are based in customs and
traditions, and their strict observance forms an important part of their maintenance of good
DISCIPLINE and high morale.
Enforcement of Regulations
- Corresponding punishment when one violates them
State of Subservience
- Subordinates blindly follow the orders of their superiors out of habit or fear.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
⮚ Military Custom
A custom is defined as usage or practice common to many or to a particular place or class or it is habitual
with an individual; or a whole body of usage, practices or conventions regulating social life.
Custom may be a long established practice considered as unwritten law or a usage that has by long
continuance acquired a legally binding force.
⮚ Military Courtesy
The act of politeness, civility and respect that personnel in the military organization accord to one another.
⮚ Morale
The mental state and spirit of an individual or unit.
⮚ Teamwork
Is particularly important in military operations where its presence or lack of it may very well spell the
difference between victory or defeat.
⮚ Military traditions
Are inherited principles, standards and practices that serve as the established guides for an individual or
group. Traditions are accumulated experiences and deeds passed on from generation to generation both in
memory and reality.

NECESSITY FOR DISCIPLINE

The ultimate objective of military discipline is unit efficiency in battle.
To ensure that a unit performs its role correctly; that it reaches its objectives, accomplishes its assigned
missions and helps other units to accomplish their mission.
CREATING A CLIMATE OF DISCIPLINE
- Supply discipline
- Water discipline
⮚ Training
A soldier learns to work with other soldier; learn to unify their actions into a single effort in order to
accomplish the group mission and develops the habit of prompt obedience to all orders.
⮚ Judicious Use of Punishment and Reward
The best kind of discipline is that which exacts obedience by appealing to reason and which makes use of
the so-called “positive incentives”- reward.
⮚ Instilling a Sense of Confidence and Responsibility
A confident and responsible soldier realizes that he has an obligation not only to himself but to other
soldiers in the organization.

MILITARY COURTESY IN THE SERVICE

⮚ Salute - The most important and most common form of all military courtesies.

⮚ Saluting - One of the most common and basic forms of military courtesy. It is basically an exchange
of greetings between military and/or uniformed services personnel.

How to Salute:
Salute is normally given with the right hand; when the right hand is encountered, the left hand could be
used.
The salute is made whether a headgear is worn or not.
Rifle salutes are used in place of the hand salute when carrying a rifle.

WHO ARE ENTITLED TO SALUTE?

● The National Flag and National Anthem
● Commissioned Officers of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
● Civilian high officials or foreign dignitaries during military honors rendered for them;
● Officers of the Coast Guard and Geodetic Survey and the Public Service when they are serving with
the AFP.
● When boarding a navy ship in which the National Flag is flying, all persons in the naval service upon
reaching the upper platform of the accommodation ladder or shipboard end of the prow, face the
national flag, and salute, then salute the Officer of the Deck (OOD).
● When leaving the ship, salute first the OOD and then the national flag.

WHEN TO SALUTE
● When men are seated in boats in which there is no officer, the petty officer in charge of the boat, rises
and salutes all officers passing near or within the boat.
● Officers seated in boats rise in rendering and returning salutes when a senior enters or leaves the boat
or when acknowledging a gun salute.
● Coxswain is in charge of a boat rise and salute all officers entering or leaving the boat. All members
of the crew when the boat is not underway and not carrying an officer aboard stand and salute when
an officer comes alongside, leaves the side, or passes near them.
● In Navy building, the same general rules of saluting apply as on board navy ships. Salute all officers
senior to you on all occasions, salute all other officers on first meeting during the day. The salute also
rendered indoors during ceremonies, honoring the flag and in count martial.
● When in company with a senior, you always walk on his left or put him to your right. This also
applies aboard in any vehicle.
● If officers and enlisted men are standing together not in formation and a senior approaches, the first to
perceive him shouts “ATTENTION” and all faces him and salute.
● When in formation, the officer in charge cautions his unit to attention before executing the
appropriate salute.
● Overtake and pass a senior officer only upon his permission. When it becomes necessary to walk pass
a senior officer, pass on his left side, salute when you are abreast and ask, “BY YOUR LEAVE SIR?”
When the officer returns to salute you can continue to pass him.
● When reporting on deck or outdoors ashore, covered and salute accordingly. If reporting to an officer,
salute and state your business.
● An enlisted man being seated and without particular occupation rises upon the approach of an officer,
faces him and salutes. If both remain in the same vicinity, the salute need not be repeated.
● If seniority is unknown, the safest way and the best rule is to salute mutually and without say.
● Sentries at gangway salute all officers going or coming over the side and when passing or being
passed by officers close aboard in boats.
● Officers and enlisted personnel both salute a senior officers riding in a vehicle. A driver of a vehicle is
required to salute if the vehicle is at halt.
WHEN NOT TO RENDER A SALUTE
● When troops are at work.
● Indoors, except when reporting to an officer.
● When carrying articles with both hands or being so occupied as to make saluting impractable.
● When serving as a military prisoner.

OTHER MATTERS
How will you respond to your senior officer/junior officer when there is an instruction or information that
is being relayed?
⮚ Junior To Senior- Aye aye sir/Aye sir

⮚ Senior to Junior- Copy/Noted

Copy pag nag relay ng info

Example: Ma’am for info ready na ang mess –copy

Noted pag may instructions naman yung relayed nito

Example: Sir need dalhin ang docs pag punta nyo dito. –noted

You will not use “Noted” pag senior.

522nd CORPS & STAFF
Corps Commander
CDT MAJ AARON D MACQUINTAN NR-R23-027980 2CL
N1
CDT GIAH LOREANNE G OLIS 3CL
N2
CDT MAJ ANDREA G SARMIENTO 2CL
N3
CDT 1LT JOSHUA D NAVARRO 3CL
N4
CDT 1LT MARK ANDREI P SAYCON 3CL
N5
MW/ENS JIM ASHLEY C TICON 3CL

WEEK 3 | 22ND SEPTEMBER 2024

INTERIOR GUARD DUTIES

- An interior guard duty system is installed to preserve order, protect property, and enforce military
regulations. Security is part of the commander’s responsibility.

COMPOSITION OF INTERIOR GUARD

Normally, an interior guard system is composed of the following:
⮚ Field Officer of the Day (FOD)
A field grade officer detailed as FOD is the Commanding Officer’s personal representative. His primary
concern is the proper supervision in the performance of duty of the interior guards.
⮚ Officers of the Day (OD)
The OOD is responsible for the proper performance of duty by the main guards. He is charged with
executing all orders of the commanding officers relating to interior duty guard.
⮚ Commanders of the Guard (COG)
He is responsible for the instruction, discipline, and performance of the guards.
⮚ Sergeants of the Guard (SOG)
The SOG is the overall supervisor over the other NCO and sentinels of the guards. He takes over as
commander of the guards in case no one else is detailed as such.
⮚ Relief commander for each relief
Instructs his relief as to their orders and duties, and makes certain that each sentinel understands them.
⮚ Sentinels of the guards
They must memorize, understand, and comply with the general orders for sentinels and comply with the
specific orders applicable to their particular posts, including the use of countersigns if they are in effects.
DEFINITION
⮚ Countersign
Consists of a secret challenge and reply to aid the guards/sentinels in the scrutiny of persons who apply to
pass the lines or it may be defined as a secret challenge and the secret password.
⮚ Challenge
The command, “HALT, WHO IS THERE?” given by a sentry is used to cause an unidentified person or
party to halt and be identified.
⮚ Password
Word or a distinctive sound used to answer a challenge, identifies the person or party desiring to enter or
pass and is always a secret.
⮚ Interior Guard
The guard detailed by a commander to preserve order, protect property and enforce regulations within the
jurisdiction of the command.

⮚ Relief
Those members of the guard who, under the supervision of and including a corporal of the guard, have the
same watch; the procedure whereby posted member of the guard.
⮚ Sentry
An enlisted man assigned to duty as member of the guard, to keep watch, maintain order, protect person
or property, or warn of any attack, a sentinel.
⮚ Watch
A period of time during which a member of a guard performs the prescribed duties, beginning from when
he is posted and the termination when he is relieved by proper authority.
⮚ Relieve
To direct any member of the guard to cease performance duties.
⮚ Post
The place or area where a sentry is stationed or the place where a member of the guard other than the
sentry is required to be when not performing duties elsewhere.
⮚ Patrol Post
A post within a sentry prescribed his own route, within specified limits, or has his route prescribed for
him.
⮚ Fixed Post
A post within the limits of which a sentry is not required to more about appreciable for the performance of
this duty.
⮚ Guardhouse
A building, tent or other location designated as the headquarters of the guard.
⮚ Detain
The action of any person so authorized used to secure the custody of an illegal offender until proper
authority may be noticed.

11 GENERAL ORDERS
⮚ General Orders No. 1
To take charge of my post and all government property in view.
⮚ General Orders No. 2
To walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on the alert and observing everything that takes
place within sight or hearing.
⮚ General Orders No. 3
To report all violations of orders I am instructed to enforce.
⮚ General Orders No. 4
To repeat all calls from posts more distant from the guardhouse than my own.
⮚ General Orders No. 5
To quit my post only when properly relieved.
⮚ General Orders No. 6
To receive obey and pass to the sentinel who relieves me all orders from the Commanding Officer, officer
of the Day, Commissioned and Non - Commissioned Officers of the guard only.
⮚ General Orders No. 7
To talk to no one except in line of duty.
⮚ General Orders No. 8
To give alarm in case of fire and disorders.
⮚ General Orders No. 9
To call the Commander of the Guard in any case not covered by instructions.
⮚ General Orders No. 10
To salute all officers, and all colors and standard not cased.
⮚ General Orders No. 11
To be especially watchful at night during the time for challenging and to challenge all persons on or near
my post and not to allow no one to pass without proper authority.
WEEK 5 | 29TH SEPTEMBER 2024
CORRESPONDENCE

Correspondence
- Is defined as a written form of communication which has two purposes, to convey information
and to foster goodwill with its intended reader.
- In this form of communication, the writer primarily intends to transmit information and in the
process, he also tries to build harmonious relationship with his reader.
- The second purpose of correspondence is often obscured in military correspondence because of
the “command tone” that it always carry.Nevertheless, the creation of a sense of goodwill is still
necessary to ensure that the reader will promptly and favorably react to the correspondence.

CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE CORRESPONDENCE

1. Simplicity - The correspondence nust be organized in a simple form and style. The words used
must be plain properly chosen and easily understood.
2. Clarity - Ideas must be presented clearly and must not be subject to misinterpretation.
3. Conciseness - This Characteristic denotes the writing of short and brief correspondence. Nothing
is difficult about the job if one knows the fundamentals, However right training and practice is
needed in order to have mastery of the job.
4. Coherence - This means that all ideas in the correspondence must be presented in an orderly
sequence. There must be a logical arrangement of essential information to facilitate understanding
by the reader.
5. Emphasis - The correspondence must carry with it a certain force or intensity that gives it special
impressiveness or importance. This is usually achieved by the use of well selected, exact and
concrete words to impress the ideas or information on the mind of the reader.
6. Completeness - The correspondence must contain all the necessary details of the ideas and
“possible avenues”, so to speak.

MILITARY LETTER
- A formal means of communication used by all units of the AFP and to foreign military
establishments. (Prepared in 8x10 ½ paper)

Note: So, correspondence addressed to Army entities including the Air Force, and GHQ, AFP will be
prepared in military form.

CONSTRUCTION
1. Style
a. Should be dignified and direct
b. It should be phrased in a courteous way. In wording the letter, the feeling of the persons
to whom the letter is addressed will be considered at all times.
2. Format - It has the same three elements as that of the civilian letter:
a. Heading
b. Body
c. Authentication (Closing)

ELEMENTS
1. Heading - Consist of the following:
 a. Letterhead - Printed letterhead stationary is normally used on the first page. If letter head
stationary is not available, a typed letterhead may be substituted.
b. Initials or Originators Code
c. Office Symbol
d. Subject Line
e. Thru (Channel line)
f. To (Addressee line)
2. Body - Consists of paragraphs and sub-paragraphs.
3. Authentication - Consist of:
a. Command or Authority line
Example: BY ORDER OF CAPTAIN CRUZ
BY ORDER OF LCDR FAJARDO
b. Signature line
c. Enclosures - Aligned to signatory line

Placement of Margin
a. Top, first page (without printed letterhead) typed letterhead, ¾ inch (5 spaces) from the top of the
paper.
b. Top, second and succeeding paper, 1 ¼ (7 spaces downward)
c. Left Margin
d. Right Margin
e. Bottom Margin

Spacing (between lines)

a. Letterhead - centered ¾ inch from the top edge.
b. Initials O in line with the second line of letterhead approximately two inches from the right
margin.
c. Office Symbol - left side in line ith date line…
d. c
e. c
f. c
g. c
h. c
i. c
j. c
k. c
l. c
m. c

Note: A letter of less than nine lines may be double spaced.

NAVAL LETTER
- Used by all units within the Philippine Navy and the foreign Naval establishments as a formal
means of communication.
Style - The navel letter is prepared in a semi-block style, that is without indentions. It has the same three
elements like that of a civilian letter.
Letterhead
- Like the military letter, Printed letterhead stationary is also normally used for the first page.
However, if letter had stationary is not available, a typed letter had may be substituted.

FORMS OF MILITARY CORRESPONDENCE

1. In a naval letter, The office or identifying symbols include the initial of the officer assigning the
draft, action clerk, typist, and telephone number. It shall appear on the right side of the paper in
line with the heading’s address and two inches from the right side of the paper. The serial number
is blocked below the office symbols while the date is blocked below the serial number of the
communication.
2. Placement of “From” line is typed seven (7) spaces below the last line of the letterhead. “To” is
placed immediately below the word “To” line. If there is more than one “Via” addressee, …
3. The text …

(nabuyong na ko matug sa ko)

WEEK 6 | 13TH OCTOBER 2024

FIRST AID & BASIC LIFE SUPORT

FIRST AID
-is an immediate and temporary care given to a victim of an accident or sudden illness before the services
of a physician is obtained.

OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

● To save life
● To prevent further injury
● To preserve vitality and resistance to infection

FIRST AID RULES

1. Do not get excited. First, check for danger and then check for responsiveness. Determine whether the
victim is conscious. If the victim is conscious, ask him what happened and what is wrong now. If the
victim is unconscious, proceed to check the airway, breathing and circulation. Commence resuscitation as
appropriate.
2. Do not move injured victim unless it is necessary. If necessary to move a casualty, seek assistance if
possible and handle gently.
3. Keep the victim lying down with his head level with his feet while being examined.
4. Keep the victim warm and comfortable. Remove enough clothing to get a clear idea to the extent of the
injury.
5. Examine the victim gently. Treat the most urgent injuries first and then treat the other injuries to the
best of your ability.
6. Avoid allowing the victim to see his own injury. Assure him that his condition is understood and that he
will receive good care.
7. Do not try to give any solid or liquid substance by mouth to an unconscious victim nor to a victim who
has sustained an injury.
8. Do not touch open wounds or burns with fingers or other objects except when sterile compresses or
bandages are not available and it is absolutely necessary to stop bleeding.
9. Do not try to arouse an unconscious person.
10. Seek medical attention immediately.

“HURRY CASES” IN FIRST AID

● Stoppage of Breathing Critical time is four minutes to restore the victim to normal before brain
damage take place.
Management of the Casualty:
Clear the airway. Inflate the lungs with five quick breaths (proceed to CPR)
● Severe Bleeding

TYPES OF HEMORRHAGE
⮚ Arterial Bleeding
-blood from an open artery. The color of the blood is bright red. The blood spurts which are synchronized
with the pulse.
⮚ Venous Bleeding
-blood from an open vein. The color of the blood is dark red. The blood escapes in a slow steady flow.
⮚ Capillary Hemorrhage
-blood from damage capillaries. The color of the blood is intermediate between bright and dark red. The
blood only oozes from the wound. This is the common type of hemorrhage.

CONTROLLING EXTERNAL BLEEDING

⮚ Direct pressure
Digital pressure (pressure points)
Facial – Temporal
Carotid – Subclavian
Auxiliary – Brachial
Femoral
⮚ Compress and Bandage
Ligation – tying
Torsion – twisting
Elevate the injured part to lessen the flow of blood.
Indirect pressure – Tourniquet
⮚ Poisoning
● Swallowed – Antidote is to dilute with water or milk to lessen the concentration of the poison.
Milk coats the lining of the intestines.
● Inhaled– Proper ventilation at once (open air).
● Contacted poison – Wash at once with soap and water. Bath soap is recommended. Injected as in
snake bite.
⮚ Snake Bite
Immediately expose the wound then remove clothing, remove shoes, remove casualty’s jewelry and place
it in casualty’s pocket.
● Non-poisonous
Four to six rows of teeth; no fang marks on victim
 ● Poisonous
Two rows of teeth; two fangs which create puncture wound

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Less than one hour
-Headache
-Vomiting
-Transcript faintness, confusion, unconscious

One to three hours after

-Dropping eyelids -Double vision (Diplopia)
-Difficulty in swallowing- Enlarged lymph glands
-Abdominal pain -Dark urine
-Rapid pulse -Hemorrhage

After three hours

-Paralysis in large muscles- Respiratory paralysis
-Circulatory failure

TREATMENT
Non-poisonous
-Cleanse/disinfect wound. Use soap and water or an antiseptic solution. Use iodine (if casualty is
not allergic to it)
CAUTION: If the bite cannot be positively identified as poisonous or non-poisonous, treat as a
poisonous bite.

Poisonous
Rest the casualty / have casualty lie down. Keep casualty still to delay venom absorption. Apply
broad bandage. Keep bitten part below heart level. Immobilize the limb and bring.

DON’TS Cut or incise wound Apply tourniquet Wash bitten area

PREVENTION Avoidance – know where the snake rests like near the logs or in heavy brush
(vegetation) and or In Rocky Edges (reef)

⮚ Shock
is a condition in which there is insufficient blood I the circulation to fill the blood vessels. As a result, the
tissue do not receive enough oxygen to maintain life and there is extreme body weakness or physical
collapse.
Main Causes of Shock
● Hemorrhage, also loss of water due to nausea and vomiting and loose bowel movement
● Severe injuries, such as burns and fractures
● Asphyxiation – lack of oxygen

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

 -The casualty is pale
-Skin is cold and clammy
-Pulse is rapid and weak
-Respiration is rapid, irregular and shallow
-If the casualty is conscious, he may be listless and drowsy and complain of thirst and dryness in
the mouth. The eyes may have a vacant, dull expression, and the pupils may be enlarged

Treatment for Shock

-Control the bleeding
-Give oral fluids providing there is no contradictions such as abdominal wounds or
unconsciousness.
-Keep the casualty comfortable and warm but do not overheat
-Lay the patient on his back with his feet higher than his head except in cases of chest or head
injuries

⮚ Fracture
is a break in the continuity of the bone

Kinds of Fracture
● Open (compound) fracture – Bone has broken through skin.
● Closed (simple) fracture – Skin has not been penetrated on both ends

Signs and Symptoms

● Deformity
● Pain at the point of fracture
● Crepitation (grating sound)
● Felt and heard when bones rub together
● Never move the injured extremity to determine crepitation
● Discoloration
● Loss of motion
● Exposed bones
● Swelling (endema)
● Possible loss of pulse below fracture

Splinting
-a device to immobilize an injured part of the body (to relieve pain by minimized movement,
prevent further damage to injury site).

General Principles of Splinting

-Splint fracture where it lies – DO NOT reposition
-Immobilize fracture site before moving casualty.
-Pad splints before applying. Dress all wounds and/or open fracture (exposed bones) prior
to splinting.
-Check for neurovascular function before,
⮚ Burns and Scalds
Burn is an injury that results from heat, chemical agent or radiation. It may vary in depth, size and
severity. Scalds is a burn caused by a liquid.
Classification of Burns
● Depth First Degree – The outer skin I reddened and welted or slightly swollen.
● Second Degree - The under skin is affected and blisters are formed.
● Third Degree - The skin is destroyed and tissues underneath are damaged.
Treatment for first Degree Burn
● Immerse burnt area in cold water until the patient ceases to feel pain.
● When it is possible to immerse the burned area, moist cold towels should be applied and
renewed frequently.
● Follow this application for dry dressing.
● If desired a simple burn ointment may be applied
Treatment for second degree burn
● Follow the steps prescribe in the First degree except do not apply any burn ointment.
● Gently Blot area dry with sterile gauge or clean cloth.
● Apply sterile gauze or clean as protective dressing.
● Never break a blister.
Treatment for third Degree Burn
● Do not remove adhered particles of charred clothing.
● Cover burned area with sterile dressing or freshly laundered sheet.
● Do not allow victim to walk
● If medical help is not available for one hour or more and victim is conscious, and not
vomiting, give a weak solution of salt and soda.
⮚ Fainting
is loss of consciousness caused by a temporary reduction of the blood supply to the brain.
Causes
● Emotional
● Hunger
● Fatigue
Signs and symptoms
● Weakness
● Dizziness
● Pallor
● Cold
● Sweat
● Unconsciousness
Treatment
● Seat victim with knees far apart and hold head far down between knees for about five
minutes. If victim loses consciousness, lay him down on his back with head turned to one
side. After consciousness return keep victim quiet for about 15 minutes.

METHODS OF ADMINISTERING ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION (AR)

⮚ Mouth-To-Mouth Method (casualty with heartbeat)
● Clear casualty’s upper airway
● Position the casualty on his back
 ● Place him up and put a rolled blanket or similar object under his shoulders
● Adjust the casualty’s lower jaw to a jutting position using either of the two methods:
Thumb-jaw lift, Two-hand jaw lift
● Seal the airway opening
Cont’d: Administer AR as follows:
● Take a deep breath, open your mouth wide, and make an airtight seal around the casualty’s
mouth or nose.
● With your eyes focused on the casualty’s chest, blow forcefully into his airway (mouth or
nose)
● Remove your mouth from the casualty’s airway opening and listen for the return of air from
his lungs.
● After each exhalation of air from the casualty’s lungs, blow another deep breath into his
airway
⮚ Chest-Pressure Arm-Lift Method
● Clear the casualty’s upper airway (as described earlier)
● Position the casualty on his back
● Position the casualty’s head in the same manner as for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
Position Yourself
● Stand at the casualty’s head and face his feet
● Kneel on one knee and place your opposite foot to the other side of his head and against his
shoulder to steady it.
● If you become uncomfortable after a period of time, quickly switch to the other knee.
Administer as follows
● Grasping the casualty’s hand and holding him over his lower ribs, rock forward and exert
steady, uniform pressure almost directly downward until you meet firm resistance.
● Lift his arm vertically upward above his head then stretch them backward as far as possible.
● Replace his hands on his chest and repeat the cycle-press-lift stretch-replace.

Continue AR until the casualty can breath satisfactorily for himself or

⮚ Closed-chest heart-massage (casualty with no heartbeat)
Prepare the casualty for mouth-tomouth AR. The surface on which the casualty is placed must be solid.
Position yourself
● Kneel at a right angle to the casualty’s chest so that you can use your weight to apply
pressure on his breastbone
● Place the heel of your hand on the upper half of the breastbone and the heel of the upper
hand on top of it
Administer as follows
● With your hand in position and your arms straight, lean forward to bring your shoulders
directly above the casualty’s breastbone; then press straight downward
● Repeat the press-release cycle 60 to 80 times per minute
● If you are performing alone, you will have to administer both mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
and closed-chest heart-massage

MILITARY JUSTICE SYSTEM

 - The system for enforcing discipline and administering justice in the military service. It is meant to
enable commanders to dispose of personnel problems in their units in the most expeditious
manner. Speedy disposition of cases preserves discipline, promotes justice and enhances the
attainment of the Commander’s mission.

COMPONENTS OF MILITARY JUSTICE

⮚ Investigation
- The process of looking into the circumstances of a case for the purpose of verifying and
establishing the facts. It also involves the gathering, handling, protection and preservation of
evidence to prevent destruction, loss or tampering.
⮚ Prosecution
- The accusation of a crime before a legal tribunal.
⮚ Trial or adjudication
- A legal action by which a judge reviews evidence and argumentation, including legal reasoning
set forth by opposing parties to come to a decision.
⮚ Judgment or decision
- Punishment given to the accused who committed such crime.

DISTINCT DIVISION OF THE SYSTEM

⮚ Administrative cases
- Those that result in decisions not involving penal sanctions and may take such mild disciplinary
or instructive forms as admonition, reprimand and the like. Require only preponderance of
evidence to gain positive adjudication.
⮚ Punitive cases
- Those that result in judgments of fine, hard labor, deprivation of liberty or combination of these
whenever guilt of those involved are proven. Require guilt to be proven beyond reasonable doubt.

SOURCE OF MILITARY LAW

⮚ Articles of War
- This set of laws, known as Commonwealth Act No. 408, was enacted by the Philippine National
Assembly on 14 September 1938. Defines the offenses punishable under the law and prescribes
the corresponding punishment.
⮚ Jurisdiction
- The official power to make legal decisions or judgments
● Court-Martial
● Commanding Officers (AW 105)
● Court of Inquiry
● Military Tribunals or Commission

Persons Subject To Military Law

⮚ All officers and enlisted personnel in the regular force of the AFP.

⮚ All reservists from the date of their call to active duty and while on such active duty.

⮚ All trainees undergoing military instructions.

⮚ All cadets of the PMA and PAF Flying School, and Probationary Lieutenants on actual training.

⮚ Retainers to camp and all persons accompanying or serving with the AFP in the field in time of war
or when martial law is declared.
⮚ All persons under sentence adjudged by a court-martial or military tribunal

MILITARY JURISDICTION
Source
● Constitution of the Philippines
● The powers granted to the National Assembly.
● President authority as Commander-In-Chief of all the Armed Forces.
● Internal Law

PUNITIVE ARTICLE
⮚ AW 54 – FRAUDULENT ENLISTMENT
Willful misrepresentation or concealment as to qualifications for enlistment will be punished as a court
martial may direct.
⮚ AW 55 – OFFICER MAKING UNLAWFUL ENLISTMENT
Knowingly enlisting/mustering into the military service, any person whose enlistment is prohibited by
law, regulation or orders, shall be dismissed from the service or suffer such other punishment as a court
martial may direct
⮚ AW 56 – FALSE MUSTER
Any officer who knowingly makes false muster of a man or animal or who signs or directs or allows the
signing of any muster roll knowing the same to contain false muster or false statement as to the absence.
direct.
⮚ AW 57 – FALSE RETURNS or Omission to render return
● Every officer whose duty is to render to the higher authority in return of the state of the troops
under his command or of the arms, ammunition, clothing, funds or other property here unto
belongings and knowingly makes a false return thereof shall be dismissed from the service and
suffer such other punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 58 – CERTAIN ACTS TO CONSTITUTE DESERTION
● Any officer having tendered his resignation and prior to due notice of the acceptance of the same,
with his post or proper duties without leave and with intent to absent himself permanently there
from shall be deemed a deserter.
 ● Any soldier who, without having first received a regular discharge, again enlists in the AFP or
any Armed Forces of a foreign country shall be deemed to have deserted the service of the
Philippines and where the enlistment is in the Armed forces of the Philippines to have fraudulent
enlistment.
● c. Any person subject to military law who quits his organization or place of duty with the intent to
avoid hazardous duty or to shirk important service shall be deemed a deserter.
⮚ AW 59 – DESERTION
Any person subject to military law who deserts or attempts to desert the service of the Armed Forces of
the Philippines shall be if the offense be committed to time of war suffer death or such other punishment
as a court martial may direct and if the offense be committed at any other time any punishment excepting
death that a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 60 – ADVISING OR AIDING ANOTHER TO DESERT
Any person subject to military law who advises or persuades or knowingly assist another to desert the
service of the AFP shall, of the offense be committed in time of war or such other punishment as a court
martial may direct and if the offense be committed at any time, any punishment excepting death that a
court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 61 - ENTERTAINING A DESERTER
Any officer who after discovered that a soldier in his command is a deserter from the military service
retains such deserter in his command without informing superior authority or to the commander of the
organization to which the deserter belongs shall be punished as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 62 – ABSENCE WITHOUT LEAVE
Any person subject to military law who fails to report at the fixed time to the properly appointed place of
duty or goes from the same without proper leave or absents himself from his command, guard, quarters,
station or camp without proper leave, shall be punished as a court martial may direct.

⮚ AW 63 – DISRESPECT TOWARD THE PRESIDENT, VICE PRESIDENT, CONGRESSMAN OF

THE PHILIPPINES OR SECRETARY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
Any officer who uses contemptuous or disrespectful words against the President, Vice President,
Congressman of the Philippines or Secretary of National Defense, shall be dismissed from the service or
suffer such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.
⮚ AW 64 – DISRESPECT TOWARD SUPERIOR OFFICER
Any person subject to military law who behaves himself with disrespect toward his superior officer shall
be punished as a court-martial may direct.
⮚ AW 65 - ASSAULTING OR WILLFULLY, DISOBEYING SUPERIOR OFFICER
Any person subject to military law, who or any pretense whatsoever, strike his superior or draws or lifts
up any weapon or offers any violence against him, being in the execution of his office, or willfully
disobeys any lawful of his superior officer shall suffer death or such other punishment a court-martial may
direct.
⮚ AW 66 – INSUBORDINATE CONDUCT TOWARDS NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER
Any soldier strikes or threatens to strike or assaults, or who attempts to strike or assault or willfully
disobeys the lawful order of a non-commissioned officer while in the execution of his office, or uses
threatening or insulting language or behaved in an insubordinate or disrespectful manner toward a
non-commissioned officer while in the execution of his office, shall be punished as a court-martial may
direct
⮚ AW 67 - MUTINY OR SEDITION
Any person subject to military law, who attempt to create or who begins, excites, causes, or joins any
mutiny or sedition, in any company, party, post, camp, detachment, guard or other command shall suffer
death or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.
⮚ AW 68 – FAILURE TO SUPPRESS MUTINY OR SEDITION
Any officer or soldier, who being present in any mutiny or sedition, does not use his utmost endeavor at
any mutiny or sedition, does not use his utmost endeavor to suppress the same, or knowingly or having
reason to believe that a mutiny or sedition is to take place, does not without delay give information to his
commanding officer, shall suffer death or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.
⮚ AW 69 – QUARRELS, FRAYS, DISORDERS
All officers and non-commissioned officers have power to part and quell all quarrels, frays and disorders
among persons subject to military law and to order officers who take part in the same to arrest, and other
persons subject to military law who take part in the same into arrest and confinement, as circumstances
may require, until their proper superior officers is acquainted therewith. And whosoever being so orders,
or draws a weapon upon or otherwise threatens or does violence to him, shall be punished as a
court-martial may direct.
⮚ AW 70 – ARREST OR CONFINEMENT
● Any person subject to military law charged with crime or with a serious offense under this article
shall be placed in confinement or in arrest, as circumstances may requires; but when charge with
minor offense only, such person shall not ordinarily be placed in confinement.
● Any person placed in arrest under the provisions of this article, shall thereby be restricted to
barracks, quarters, or tent, unless such limit shall be enlarged by proper authority.
● Any officer or cadet who breaks his arrest or who escapes from confinement whether before or
after trial or sentence and before he is set at liberty by proper authority shall be dismissed from
the service or suffer such other punishment, as a court martial may direct and any other person
subject to military law who escapes from confinement or breaks his arrest, whether before or after
trial or sentence and before he is set at liberty by proper authority shall be finished as a court
martial may direct.

⮚ Articles AW 71 - CHARGES, ACTION UPON

Charges and specifications must be signed by a person subject to military law and other oath either that he
has personal knowledge or has investigated the matters set forth therein and that the same are in fact to the
best of his knowledge and belief. No charge will be referred to general court martial until a thorough and
impartial investigation thereof shall been made.
⮚ AW 72 – REFUSAL TO RECEIVE AND KEEP PRISONER
No provost marshal or commander of a guard shall refuse to received or keep any prisoner committed to
his charge by officer belonging to the AFP, provided the officer committing shall at the time deliver an
account in writing signed by himself of the crime or offense charge against the prisoner. Any officer or
soldier so refusing shall be punished as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 73 – REPORT OF PRISONER RECEIVED
Every commander of guard to whose charge a prisoner is committed shall, within 24 hours after such
confinement, or as soon as he is relieved from his guard, report in writing to the commanding officer the
name of such prisoner of the offense charge against him and the name of the officer committing and if he
failed to make such report, shall be punished as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 74 - RELEASING PRISONER WITHOUT PROPER AUTHORITY
Any person subject to military law, who without proper authority releases any prisoner duly committed to
his charge, or who thru neglect or design suffers any prisoner committed to escape shall be punished as a
court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 75 - DELIVERY OF OFFENDERS TO CIVIL AUTHORITIES
The commanding officer is required except in time of war upon application duty made to his utmost
endeavor to deliver over such accused person to civil authorities or to aide the officers of justice in
apprehending and securing him in order that he may be brought to trial.
⮚ AW 77 - SUBORDINATES COMPELLING COMMANDER TO SURRENDER
Person subject to military law who compels or attempts to compel any commander of any garrison, fort,
post, guard or other command to give it up to enemy to abandon it shall be punishable with dead or such
other punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 78 - IMPROPER USE OF COUNTER SIGN
Any person subject to military law who makes known the parole or countersign to any person not entitled
to received it according to the rules and discipline of war or gives a parole or counter sign different from
that which he received shall if the offense be committed in time of war or serious disturbance of the
peace, suffered death or such other punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 79 - FORCING A SAFEGUARD
Any person subject to military law who in time of war or serious disturbance of the peace, forces a
safeguard shall suffer death or such other punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 80 – CAPTURED PROPERTY TO BE SECURED FOR PUBLIC SERVICE
All public property taken from the enemy is the property of the government of the Philippines and shall
be secured from the service thereof and any person subject to military law who neglects to secure such
property or is guilty of wrongful appropriation thereof shall be punished as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 81- DEALING AND CAPTURED OR ABANDON PROPERTY
Any person subject to military law who buys, sell, trades, or in any way deals in or disposed captured or
abandon property whereby he shall receive or expect any profit, benefit or advantage to himself or to any
other person directly or indirectly connected with himself or who fails whenever such property comes into
his position or custody or with in his control to give notice thereof to the proper authority and to turn over
such property without delay shall on conviction thereof be punished by fine or imprisonment or by such
other punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 82- RELIEVING CORRESPONDING WITH OR AIDING THE ENEMY
Whosoever relieves or attempts to relieve the enemy with arms, ammunition, supplies, money, or other
things or knowingly harbors or protects or holds correspondence with or give intelligence to the enemy
either directly or indirectly shall suffer death or such other punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 83 – SPIES
Any person who in time of war be found linking or acting as spy or about any of the fortifications, post,
quarters, or encampments of the AFP or elsewhere shall be tried by a general court martial or by military
commission and shall on conviction thereof suffer death.

WAR OFFENSES
⮚ AW 76 - MISBEHAVIOR BEFORE THE ENEMY
Any officer or soldier who before the enemy misbehave himself, runs away, or shamefully abandons or
delivers act or by any misconduct, disobedience or neglect endangers the safety of the fort, post, camp,
guard or other command which it is his duty to defend or speaks words inducing others to do the like or
casts away his arms or ammunition or quits his post nor colors to plunder or pillage or by any means
whatsoever occasions false alarm in camp, garrison or quarters shall suffer death of such other
punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 77 - SUBORDINATES COMPELLING COMMANDER TO SURRENDER
Person subject to military law who compels or attempts to compel any commander of any garrison, fort,
post, guard or other command to give it up to enemy to abandon it shall be punishable with dead or such
other punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 78 - IMPROPER USE OF COUNTER SIGN
Any person subject to military law who makes known the parole or countersign to any person not entitled
to received it according to the rules and discipline of war or gives a parole or counter sign different from
that which he received shall if the offense be committed in time of war or serious disturbance of the
peace, suffered death or such other punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 79 - FORCING A SAFEGUARD
Any person subject to military law who in time of war or serious disturbance of the peace, forces a
safeguard shall suffer death or such other punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 80 – CAPTURED PROPERTY TO BE SECURED FOR PUBLIC SERVICE
All public property taken from the enemy is the property of the government of the Philippines and shall
be secured from the service thereof and any person subject to military law who neglects to secure such
property or is guilty of wrongful appropriation thereof shall be punished as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 81- DEALING AND CAPTURED OR ABANDON PROPERTY
Any person subject to military law who buys, sell, trades, or in any way deals in or disposed captured or
abandon property whereby he shall receive or expect any profit, benefit or advantage to himself or to any
other person directly or indirectly connected with himself or who fails whenever such property comes into
his position or custody or with in his control to give notice thereof to the proper authority and to turn over
such property without delay shall on conviction thereof be punished by fine or imprisonment or by such
other punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 82- RELIEVING CORRESPONDING WITH OR AIDING THE ENEMY
Whosoever relieves or attempts to relieve the enemy with arms, ammunition, supplies, money, or other
things or knowingly harbors or protects or holds correspondence with or give intelligence to the enemy
either directly or indirectly shall suffer death or such other punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 83 – SPIES
Any person who in time of war be found linking or acting as spy or about any of the fortifications, post,
quarters, or encampments of the AFP or elsewhere shall be tried by a general court martial or by military
commission and shall on conviction thereof suffer death.

MISCELLANEOUS CRIMES AND OFFENSES

⮚ AW 84 - Military Property: WILLFUL OR NEGLIGENT LOSS, DAMAGE OR WRONGFUL
DISPOSITION
Any person subject to military law who willfully or through neglect, suffers to be loss spoiled, damaged
wrongfully disposed of any military property belonging to the Philippines shall make good the loss of
damage and suffer such punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 85 – WASTE OR UNLAWFULL DISPOSITION OF MILITARY PROPERTY ISSUED TO
SOLDIERS
Any soldier who sales or wrongfully disposed or of willfully or through neglect injures or losses any
horse. arms, ammunition, accouterment, equipment, clothing or other property issued for used in the
military service shall be punished as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 86 – DRUNK ON DUTY
Any officer who is found drunk on duty shall, if the offense he committed in time of war, be dismissed
from the service and suffers such other punishment as a court martial may direct and if the offense he
committed in time of peace he should be punished as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 87 – MISBEHAVIOR OF SENTINEL
Any sentinel who is found drunk or sleeping upon his post shall, if the offense he committed in time of
war suffer death or such other punishment as a court martial may direct and if the offense he committed in
time of peace shall suffer any punishment except death that court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 88 – PERSONAL INTEREST IN SALE OF PROVISIONS
Any officer commanding in any garrison, fort, barracks, camp or other place where troops of the
Philippines may be serving who for his private advantage lays any duty or imposition upon or is interested
directly or indirectly in the sale of any victuals or other necessities of life brought in to such garrison, fort,
barracks, camp or other place for the use of troops shall be dismissed from the service and suffer other
punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 88 A – UNLAWFUL INFLUENCING ACTION OF COURT
Any authority appointing a general, special, or summary court martial or any other commanding officer
who shall censure, reprimand or admonish such court or any member thereof with respect to findings or
sentence adjudged by the court or with respect to any other exercises by such court or any member thereof
of its of his judicial responsibility shall be punished as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 89 – INTIMIDATION OF PERSON BRINGING PROVISIONS
Any person subject to military law abuses, intimidates, does violence to or wrongfully interferes with any
person bringing provisions, supplies or other necessaries to camp, garrison or quarters of the AFP shall
suffer such punishment as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 90 – GOOD ORDER TO BE MAINTAINED AND WRONG REDDRESSED
A person subject to military law are behaving themselves orderly in quarters, garrison, camp and on the
mars and any person subject to military law who commits waste or spoiling, or willfully destroys any
property whatsoever unless by orders of his commanding officer or commits any kind of depredation or
riot shall be punish as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 91 - PROVOKING SPEECHES OR GESTURES
No person subject to military law shall used any reproachful of or provoking speeches or gestures to
another and any person subject to military law who offends against the provision of the article.
⮚ AW 92 – DUELING
Any person subject to military law who fights, promotes or concerned or connives at fighting a duel or
whom having knowledge of a challenge sent or about to be sent fails to report the fact promptly to the
proper authority shall if an officer be dismissed from the service or suffer such other punishment as a
court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 93 – MURDER, RAPE
Any person subject to military law who commits murder or rape on time of war shall suffer death or
imprisonment for life as a court martial may direct.
⮚ AW 94 – VARIOUS CRIMES
Any person subject to military law commits any felony, crime, breach of law or violation of municipal
ordinances inside reservation of AFP or outside any reservation when the offended party and each one of
the offended party if there be more than one person is subject to military law shall be punished as a court
martial may direct. Provided, when in time of peace, Officers and EP shall not be triable by court martial
by any felony, crime, breach of law or violation of municipal ordinance committed under this article.
⮚ AW 95 – FRAUDS AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT
Any person subject to military law who makes or causes to be made any claim to be false or fraudulent: or
Who, represents or causes to be presented to any person in the civil or military service thereof, for
approval or payment, any claims against the government, of any officer thereof, knowing such claim to be
false or fraudulent.
⮚ AW 96 – CONDUCT UNBECOMING OF AN OFFICER AND A GENTLEMAN
Any officer, cadet, flying cadet, or probationary second lieutenant who is convicted of conduct
unbecoming of an officer and gentleman shall be dismissed from the service.
⮚ AW 105 – DISCIPLINARY POWERS OF COMMANDING OFFICERS
Commanding Officers may, for minor offenses, impose disciplinary punishments upon persons of his
command who are subject to military Law - Punishments include: Admonition or Reprimand, Restriction,
Arrest in Quarters, Correctional Custody, Confinement, Extra Duties, reduction in Grade, Forfeiture of
Basic Pay, Detention or withholding of Basic Pay.

CAPTAIN MAST
Is the sole authority of the Captain to hears, decides and disposes minor cases against his officers and
enlisted men to include any service member aboard his ship for infractions of military discipline and
impose punishment in accordance to the Disciplinary Powers of the Commanding Officer under Article of
War 105 without the intervention of court martial, what makes this unique is the addition of a naval
customs and traditions and the solemnity of the proceeding. This practice is usually done aboard ship and
seldom applies within a garrison.

TYPES OF MAST IN THE NAVY

⮚ Meritorious Mast - is held to give awards or commendation to personnel who have earned them.

⮚ Request Mast – is the audience with the Captain requested by personnel who have matters to discuss
with him.
⮚ Captain’s Mast – is a disciplinary proceeding in which non judicial punishment may be imposed by
the commanding officer of a naval vessel to his officers and men.

AW 97 - GENERAL ARTICLE Though not mentioned in these articles, all disorders and neglects to the
prejudice of good order and military discipline and all conduct of a nature to bring discredit to the military
service shall be taken cognizance of by a general or special or summary court-martial according to the
nature and degree of the offense, and punished at the discretion of such court.

COURT MARTIAL
Court Martial is a court composed of one, two, or more members. The function of which is to decide upon
cases charged against person subject to military law and to adjudge punishment to guilty party.
Court Martial are not of the Judiciary of the nation but simply instrumentalities of the executive power.
They are creature of orders the power to convene, as well as the power to act upon their proceedings,
being an attribute of the Command.

REPUBLIC ACT 7055

An act strengthening the civilian supremacy over the military by returning to the Civil Courts the
jurisdiction over certain offenses involving members of the AFP and other persons subject to Military
Law and the PNP

BASIC INTELLIGENCE MILITARY SCIENCE (MS-1)

INTRODUCTION
Now, for the purpose of this study, let us look into the importance of intelligence as visualized by Sun
Tzu, a chinese military philosopher and thinker. He said: “if you know the enemy and know yourself, you
need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory
gained you will also suffer a defeat. It you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in
every battle.”

DEFINITION OF TERMS
INTELLIGENCE
- Knowledge acquired by the collection, evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation of all
available information concerning an enemy, whether actual or potential.
COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE
- All active and passive measures taken to ensure the safeguarding of information, personnel and
materials from espionage, subversion and sabotage.
INTELLIGENCE CYCLE
- It is a continuous process. It is a repetition of what has transpired or become known. Therefore,
there is no first nor last phase – hence a cycle.

4 PHASES IN THE INTEL CYCLE

⮚ PLANNING OR DIRECTION THE COLLECTION EFFORT
- Is a crucial phase in the production of intelligence for it is here that we determine the intelligence
requirements to support the commander’s mission. It is here also that we determine which
collection agencies are to exploit which source.

STEPS TO CONSIDER IN PLANNING:

● DETERMINING THE INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTSGUIDELINES/CONSIDERATION
✔ ENEMY CAPABILITIES- these refer to enemy strengths which would affect the
accomplishment of the mission.
✔ ENEMY VULNERABILITIES- these refer to enemy weaknesses or that which render the
enemy to damage, deception and defeat.
✔ WEATHER AND TERRAIN- weather information may be required to determine its effect on
the enemy and the terrain. Terrain data includes cross-country traffic ability, obstacles, roads
and rail conditions and susceptibility to flooding.
✔ ORDER OF BATTLE- when the enemy situation is vague, and for purposes of long range
planning, order of battle factors maybe the basis for intelligence requirements.
✔ NEXT MAJOR DECISION - future operations are considered. If the intelligence does not plan
ahead, the commander, will find himself ready to continue the work /attack, but the
information of intelligence needed.
✔ PREVENTING SURPRISE OF THE COMMAND- required in order to avoid tactical surprise.
✔ INFORMATION NEEDS OF HIGHER OR ADJACENT UNITS- each level of command will
normally be assigned collection mission by higher, lower & adjacent headquarters.

● DETERMINING THE INTELLIGENCE PRIORITIES. THERE ARE TWO REQUIREMENT

PRIORITIES NAMELY:
✔ ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION (EEIS)
1. Commander’s highest priority requirements
2. Obtained items of information and or intelligence needed by the commander in making a
decision with an acceptable degree of confidence.
3. Information about the enemy and the AOO that the commander must have to arrive at a
reasonably sound decision during a particular phase of an operation.
 ✔ OTHER INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS (OIRS) -INFO NEEDED BY THE CMDR BUT
ARE NOT HIS HIGHEST PRIORITY.
1. COLLECTION WORKSHEET- either written or oral, whereby an intelligence officer takes
the intelligence requirements as announced by the commander.
2. COLLECTION AGENCY- it is an individual or unit which systematically exploits the
source of information in order to gain the desired information.
CATEGORIES OF COLLECTION AGENCIES
1) INTELLIGENCE SPECIALISTS- individuals trained in the specialized aspects of
intelligence. Organic to the military orgzn. Ex: OB Specialist; Interrogators; Photo
Interpreters
2) TROOPS- soldiers and their units. Ex: Battalion; DIV corps; Field Army
3) SPECIAL UNITS- units dealing in the collection of information

⮚ COLLECTION OF INFORMATION
- The systematic extraction of the information from source.

PRIMARY CONSIDERATION
● SOURCE OF INFORMATION- the actual origin of the information. (Person, Things, Detectable
enemy activity)
● COLLECTION AGENCIES

⮚ PROCESSING OR PRODUCTION OR INFO INTO INTELLIGENCE

- Information is recorded, evaluated and interpreted, the end result of which becomes intelligence.

PARTS OF PROCESSING
● RECORDING - Mechanical process whereby all collected information recognized in a ready
usable form. It reduces all available info, making interpretation easier and more accurate.
TOOLS USED IN RECORDING
✔ Intelligence Journal
✔ Intelligence Worksheet
✔ Enemy Situation Map
✔ Intelligence Files
✔

●EVALUATION - The examination of information to determine its pertinence or value in the

production of intelligence. It is the reliability of its source or agency and its credibility or
accuracy.
EVALUATION RATING RELIABILITY OF SOURCE AND AGENCY PROBABLE ACCURACY
A - COMPLETELY RELIABLE 1 - CONFIRMED
B - USUALLY RELIABLE 2 - PROBABLY TRUE
C - FAIRLY RELIABLE 3 - POSSIBLY TRUE
D - NOT USUALLY RELIABLE 4 - DOUBTFULLY RELIABLE
E - UNRELIABLE 5 - IMPROBABLE
F - JUDGE 6 - TRUTH CANNOT BE JUDGE
⮚ INTERPRETATION
- Determining the significance of information with respect to information and intelligence already
at hand and the drawing of conclusions as to the probable meaning of the evaluated information.

COMPONENTS OF INTERPRETATION
● ANALYSIS- the examination of information with selected emphasis in the light of what has been
previously known. Taking apart an information to critically examine each component.
● INTEGRATION- the combining of selected data to form a pattern which will have meaning and
establish a basis for deduction or conclusion.
● DEDUCTION- is simply the formation of conclusion concerning the effect of the evaluated
information on the current situation.

⮚ DISSEMINATION AND USE OF INTELLIGENCE

-the process of transmitting information and intelligence to higher, lower, and adjacent units for the
possible use.

CRITERIA OR CONSIDERATION IN DISSEMINATION

● TIMELINESS - for dissemination to be timely basic intelligence
● PROPRIETY - for information and intelligence to be disseminated properly, they must be:
1) Sent to the correct ultimate users.
2) Presented in a form that lends itself for immediate use
3) Distributed through the most effective means of communications appropriate to both time and
securing requirements.
4) Adequate and accurate. Basic intelligence

METHODS OF DISSEMINATION
● By personal contacts, which include staff visits, telephone calls and conferences.
● By messages which include spot report.
● By intelligence documents, which include intelligence estimates, intelligence summary, periodic
intelligence reports, intelligence annex to an operation order, and tactical study of weather and
terrain.

CIVIL MILITARY OPERATIONS

- Provides link to the civilian populace.

PN MISSION
Organize, train, equip, develop and deploy forces for prompt and sustained naval operations to
accomplish the AFP mission.

PN GENERAL CMO
⮚ MISSION
The AFP conducts support operations to “win the peace” in order to help the Filipino nation create an
environment conducive for sustainable development and just and lasting peace.
⮚ VISION
To guide the AFP in helping the nation attain and maintain internal peace and security COMMITTED,
MOTIVATED AND ORIENTED GROUP OF A PROFESSIONAL NAVY

CMO HISTORY
CMO was traced as early as Lapu-Lapu’s period and continued during the
Spanish-American-Japanese-American regimes. CMO started as an official AFP concept in military
operations during the time of then SND Ramon Magsaysay (who also became Philippine President,
1953-57) when he established the Economic Development Corps (EDCOR) in 1950. In contemporary era,
CMO transforms military concept based on the rapid advancements of information technology and the
changes in the global political-military situation.

CMO WAS APPLIED IN MILITARY OPERATIONS USING THE TRADITIONAL SEVEN PILLARS:
⮚ Psychological Operations (PYSOPS)

⮚ Public Information (PI)

⮚ Civic Action (CIVAC)

⮚ Community Relations (COMREL)

⮚ Military Values Education (MILVED)

⮚ Military Livelihood Enhancement (MILE)

⮚ Research and Special Concerns (RSC)

The merging of CMO with the Operations in 2005 started the writing the AFP CMO Doctrine.
● MILVED and MILE was transferred to the function of 1s and others were merged into one pillar.
● On 01 July 2006, CMO was reactivated as a major staff function of the AFP.
● On 13 July 2006, the AFP CMO Doctrine was approved.

CMO IN TRIAD OPERATIONS

OPNS, INTEL, CMO
CMO operates using an “out of the box” but equally important approach in dealing with the insurgents.
CMO operates prior, during and after military operations. Intelligence gathers & processes the necessary
essential intelligence information requirements. Operations focuses on the maneuver of combat or
attacking forces. CMO manages the impact of the military operations on civilians and enemy forces.

CIVIL MILITARY OPERATIONS

Planned activities undertaken independently or in coordination with civilian entities to gain popular
support and weaken the enemy’s will to fight and project a positive image in support to the
accomplishment of the AFP mission.

CMO PILLARS
⮚ Public Affairs
● Public Information
-provides truthful, accurate, and timely information to the public through various media. It enhances
public awareness about the AFP.
✔ Press releases- Information released to the media pertaining to AFP activities and events in
accordance with the information security procedures.
✔ Media appearances- TV appearances and radio guesting to advocate AFP programs and activities

✔ Press conferences- Pre-planned conference with the media of key AFP personnel to discuss AFP
programs, activities, and positions on certain issues and other matters significant to the
organization.
✔ Information campaign or Communication Plan- Activities to promote AFP objectives using
various media.
✔ Symposium or Pulong-Pulong- dialogues held with sectors of society on issues related to peace
and order.
✔ Face-to-face dialogues- dialogues conducted by the AFP with an individual or small group of
individuals to deliver AFP messages in a more personal basis.
✔ Print and Audio-Visual Presentations- activities conducted by the AFP using printed materials,
photo and static displays, and video-documentary presentations
● Community Relations
-establishes and maintains constructive relationship with the local communities to promote the
organization’s goals and objectives.
-Participation of AFP personnel in community-initiated activities and community participation in
AFP-initiated activities. Makes the soldiers and their families as part of the community. It also
facilitates balanced sharing of resources of the military and the community in support of their
respective goals.
Interaction with community, free barber services, donations of sports equipment/trash bins,
gift-giving, and other activities that will project positive image for the organization.
⮚ Civil Affairs
● Civil Relations- promotes cooperation and collaboration between military and the civilian
authorities to promote closer cooperation with the people and obtain a wide base of popular
support for the AFP and the government.
✔ Inter-agency coordination- interface with other government agencies that will identify and
facilitate the acquisition of local resources, facilities, and support.
✔ Participation in cause-oriented initiatives– involvement in economic and psycho-political
activities that include networking with agencies and institutions involved in development
process, empowering civilians, and giving access to development programs of the
government.
 ✔ Participation in socio-cultural activities– involvement in psycho-social activities that protects
and preserves cultural assets, customs, traditions, and practices.
✔ Participation in national/local historical events– involvement in psycho-social activities that
bring pride and honor on the national and local historical events.
✔ Participation in socio-economic initiatives- involvement in livelihood programs and activities
in the community by either conducting and/or initiating for concerned agencies to provide
livelihood opportunities to the community.
● Civic Action - Mobilizes all stakeholders to conduct sociological and/or developmental activities
in order to gain popular support such as delivery of basic services and implementation of major
engineering projects that have sociological and developmental impact to the community.
✔ Environmental protection- supports and ensures compliance to environmental laws,
community environment protection programs, reforestation projects, and assistance in
anti-illegal logging campaigns.
✔ Medical, dental and veterinary services- include treatment, consultation, and surgery. These
are more often conducted in remote areas to address health problems in the communities.
✔ Engineer capability assistance- involves construction and repair of infrastructures that
directly benefits the community.
✔ Humanitarian assistance- Disaster preparedness, Mitigation, and Relief and response
Operations (DIMRO) activities that seize every opportunity to demonstrate AFP
dependability and readiness during disasters, and the willingness to mobilize people during
emergencies.

⮚ Information Support Affairs

● Words ISA
- Involves production and dissemination of information, concept, or idea through various
media to influence the attitude and behavior of the target audience (enemy and
supporters)
✔ Production and distribution of printed materials such as leaflets, brochures, comics, posters,
books, streamers, and billboards.
✔ Production and presentation of audio, visual, and audio-visual products such as
documentaries, TV and radio plugs, conduct of radio programs, and puppet show, among
others.
● Deeds ISA
- Action-oriented activities used to complement the objective of Words PsyOps.
✔ Combat activities include checkpoints, show of force, and deception activities, among others.

✔ Non-combat activities include mobilization of stakeholders to conduct rallies and

demonstrations, and use of equipment or other resources to gain initiatives or prevent enemy
actions, among others.
 Others include combat operations, guerilla theater operation and other CA-oriented activities such
as livelihood projects, sports festival, medical and dental civic actions, which can be used to
influence specific target audiences.
● Counter PsyOps
- Activities in response to enemy propaganda. It is aimed at neutralizing the harmful effects
of the enemy’s propaganda efforts.
✔ Preventive Actions- inform and expose friendly troops and populations to the nature of enemy
propaganda, help them understand their vulnerability to propaganda by informing them of
enemy propaganda themes that may be employed against them.
✔ Counter-actions - Measures used to reduce or neutralize the effects of opponent’s propaganda,
which include direct refutation, diversion, silence, restrictive measures, imitative deception,
conditioning, forestalling, and minimization, among others.

NAVAL TERMS AND PHRASEOLOGIES

⮚ Denotes Direction and Location
● Abaft- behind or further
● Abeam- at right angle to the centerline of the ship Aft-in- near or toward the stern
● Alongside- on side a pier or berth
● Amidship- the middle portion of the ship
● Astern- toward the stern, an object or vessel that is abaft another vessel or object
● Bridge- raised platform from which a ship is navigated
● Bow- the forward part of the ship
● Broadside- at right angle to the fore and aft line of the ship
● Centerline- imaginary line running from the ships bow to stern: divides the ship lengthwise
vertically
● Dead ahead- directly ahead of the ships bow in line of the centerline
● Dead astern- directly aft of the ship in line of the centerline
● Draft- depth of the water from the surface waterline to the ships keel
● Fantail- main deck section in the after part of the ship
● Freeboard- height of ships side from the waterline to the main deck
● Leeward- direction away from the wind
● Port Bow- bearing 315 degrees relative to the bow of the ship
● Portside- left hand side of the ship facing forward
● Starboard Bow- bearing 45 degrees relative to the bow
● Starboardside- right hand side of the ship facing forward
● Waterline- the line which makes the surface with the hull
● Windward- direction toward the wind

⮚ Denotes Nomenclature of Fittings

● Bitts- strong iron post on a ships deck for working of fastening lines almost invariably in pairs.
● Bulkhead- one of the vertical wall like structures enclosing a compartment
● Brig – a prison on a ship or a shore base
● Bollard- wooden or iron post on a pier or wharf for securing mooring lines
 ● Cleat- a small deck fittings or metal with horns used for securing lines
● Deck- on a ship, its corresponds to a floor in a building
● Compartment- it corresponds to a room in a building
● Overhead- equivalent to a ceiling of a building ashore
● Head- compartment of a ship having toilet facilities
● Superstructure- all equipment and fittings except armament extending above the hull
● Mast- upright spar supporting signal halyard and antennas in a naval ship
● Wardroom- officers mess and lounge room aboard ship
● Yardarm- a spar attached to the of a mast running athwart ship
● Rudder- flat movable structure and vertically attached to the stern used for steering the ship
● Lazarette- storage compartment of the stern below deck
● Galley- the ship kitchen
● Cabin- the captains living quarter

⮚ Other Terms
● Adrift- loose from mooring or out of place
● Aye-Aye- a reply to an order to indicate that it is understood and will be carried out
● Billet allotted sleeping place- also a man’s location in the ships organization
● Avast- a command to desist for whatever is being done
● Black Gang- slang for the engineering force
● Bear Hand- cooperation among the ship’s company
● All Hands- entire ship’s company
● Binnacle list - sick list: list of men excuse for duty
● Boot- slang for new recruit
● Coxswain- enlisted men in charge of a boat
● Crossing the line- crossing the earth equator
● Dolphin- cluster of piles at the corner or edge of a pier
● Dead in the water- said of a ship when she has neither headway nor steerway in the water
● Fathom- six (6) feet unit of length
● Field day- general cleaning day aboard ship, usually a day before inspection
● Flag Officer- an officer with the rank of COMMODORE and above
● Gangway- opening in the bulwarks: order to stand a while and get out of way
● General Quarters- battle station for all hands
● Gig- ships boat designated for the use of the Commanding Officer
● Java- slang for coffee time Jump ship- slang for leaving the ship without authority/permission
● Irish pennant – untidy loose end of a line
● Lucky bag- stowage of article found adrift
● Landlubbers- seaman s term for one that has never been at sea
● Passageway- corridor
● Pipe down- an order to keep silent
● Pass the word- to repeat an order or information to the crew
● Pollywog- a person who has never cross the equator
● Sea dog- an old sailor
● Sea lawyer- an enlisted men who likes to argue; usually one who thinks he can twist the
regulations and standing order to favor his personal inclinations
● Shell back – a man who has cross the equator and has been initiated
● Skag- slang for cigarettes
● Ship-shape- term for a neat and orderly condition
● Sickbay- ships hospital or dispensary
● Skippy- slang for undershirt
● Secure- to make fast; to tie; an order given in completion of a drill or exercise meaning to
withdraw from drill station and duties