ICSE Class 10

ENGLISH LANGUAGE
LAST STEP PRACTICE PACKAGE
Friendly Topic Explanations & over 100+ Solved Practice Sheets
05 Introduction to Grammar and its Rules
09 Pronoun
12 Adjectives
17 Articles

20 Verb
O
22 Tenses

31 Active and Passive Voice

35 Modals

36 The Infinitive, The Participle, The Gerund

39 The Participle

41 The Adverb

43 Conjunction
49
Preposition
60 Sentences
1 One Word for Many
73 Direct Indirect Speech

82 Letter Writing

93 Notice Writing

96 Email Writing

99 Paragraph Writing
101 Comprehensiobn
111 Composition
119 Story Writing
120 Practice Essays

132 Syllabus - Internal Assessment

135 Secret Tips & Tricks to make your AnswerS in 1CSE

Board Exam Delightful
 AND ITS RULES
INTRODUCTION TO GRAMMAR
Noun

to check the most common mistakes of the students.

Some rules of Noun are given here
which most educated
and write
people speak and write and the
andth
Grammar is a record of the way in
language
rule I) Number
Clear iaea about and to
grammar will consequently
enable you to gain a check 1) Some nouns have the singular and plural alike; as
wish to do so."
aCcuracy of what you have
written if yoU
- PL Stephen Swine, sheep, deer, trout, salmon, pair, dozen, hundred, thousand, gross

2) Some nouns are used only in plural=

The Sentences a) Some Instruments scissors, tongs, spectacles, fetters
-

Is called a Sentence. b) Some articles of dress-trousers, shorts, breeches, socks

A group of words which makes complete
sense

c)Some diseases measles, mumps

Kinds of Sentences d) Some nouns thanks, tidings, assets

statement, positive or
e)Some games billiards, draughts
that makes a negative, is
1 Assertive sentence A sentence
called
a
t) Some parts of body- bowels, intestines, entrails
Assertive s e n t e n c e ; a s
3) Some nouns, originally singular, are now generaly used as plural. Eg. Alms, riches, caves
in studies. or Reena is not a sincere person. 4) Some nouns,though plural in form are used in singular, a s Mathematics, Physics,
Aditya is very good
Mechanics, News, Innings
2) Interrogative sentence-A sentence that asksa question is called an
Interrogative sento 5) Certain collective nouns though singular in form are always used in plurals; as cattle,
vermin, people, gentry, poultry
6) Some nouns are used in singular only; as, scenery, poetry, information
Where are you going
i) Case
3) Imperative sentence A sentence that expresses a command or request is called
Imperative sentence; as Students' common mistakes oceur in the use of possessive case and thus in the use of apostrophe
('s)
Go and finish your homework. Or Please be kind to that poor beggar.
1) The possessive case is used only-
4) Exclamatory sentence - A sentence that expresses strong feelings is called an Exclamal
a) With the name of living things; as, the governor's bodyguard, the cow's tall
sentence; as b) With the names of personifled objects; as, nature's laws, fortune's favourite, at duty's
call, at devil's door
What a beautiful house!
oWith nouns denotng time, space or weight, as, a day's march, a pound's weight
Every sentence has two parts d) With some familiar phrases; as, at his finger's ends, for mercy's sake, to his heart's
content, a boat's crew
Subject and Predicate 2) When the noun is plural and ends in 's, the possessive case is formed by adding only an
apostrophe; as, boys' school, girls' college
Subject is the doer and anything about the doer is the Predicate 3) When
the noun is plural but does not end in s, the possessive
as, men's club, children's library
case is formed by adding 's,
Eg. Ram goes to the market. Ram is subject, and the rest of the sentence is predicate.
4) When two nouns are closely connected the possessive sign Is put to the latter, as,
Parts of Speech shubham and priyam's house, zoya nad milan's garden, William and mary's reign
5) Avoid the use of double possessives; as, the builder's son's car (say the car of builder's
-

Words are divided into different kinds classes. They are called parts of and eightn
or speech are
son)
number
1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Adjective 4. Verb 5. Adverb 6. Preposition
7. Conjunction 8. Interjection
 PracticeSheet1 "Yours
faithfully"
Rewrite the following sentences after correcting the errors.
You s h o u l d
write
-
17) children's sports.
We went to see
college?
18) find the gils'
1) Riches has wings. Can you help me

19)
2) The car cost me five thousand rupees. That book is
hers.

in Indla.
20) foot seven.

3) The disease of measle is common

He s t a n d s five
21) information is
available.

4) Vermins carry diseases. further

22) No
romanticism.

are full of
Some reach the age of four scores and ten. Keats' p o e m s
5) people 23)
John

6) He gave me five rupees note Or romanticism.

full of
poetry is
7) He enjoyed beautiful sceneries of Kashmir. John Keats'
scissors.
m e the
give
8) My college won by one inning and five runs. 24)
Please
news.

No news is good
9) He did many acts of mercles 25)
10) There are many mens who are hardworking.
11) He gave me many advices.
12) He ran a five-mile's race.
13) This is my daughter's Mamta's voice.
14) This is my grandson's Mudit's pen.
15) Can you tell me the names of all the Governors Generals of India.
16) We met him when we went to see King of Rampur's palace
17) You should write - "Yours's faithfully"

18) We went to see children's' sports.

19) Can you help me find the girl's college?
20) That book is her's.
21) He stands five feet seven.
22) No further information's are avallable
23) John Keats' poetries are full of romanticism.
24) Please give me the scissor
25) No news is good news.

Solutions
1) Riches have wings.
2) The car cost me five thousand rupees.
3) The disease of measles is common in India.
4) Vermin carry diseases.
5) Some people reach the age of four score and ten.
6) He gave a five-rupee note.
7) He enjoyed beautiful scenery of Kashmir.
8) My college won by one innngs and five runs.
9) He did many acts of mercy.
10) There are many men who are
hardworklng.
11) He gave me many pleces of advices.
12) He ran a five-mile race.
13) This is my daughter
Mamta's voice
14) This is my
grandson Mudit's pen.
15) Can you tell me the
names of all the
16) (The sentence is
Governor-Generals of India
correct.)

81Exam18
7 Exam
 PRONOUN in some places sUch as

8) We omit the use of 'pronoun' omitted)

AI survey. (That is
i) am monarch of all sow. (which)
thing they
^

The word pronoun i) Men must reap the (who)

means noun for a noun wants to s e e you.

ii) There is somebody

^
at the door
is omitted)
Rules of Pronoun The boy
A
I s a w yesterday. (whom
iv) pronoun
itself
the relative
used because
should not be
for a collective noun, it must
be in the SInguiar Number, as. 'and' and 'but'
w h e n a Pronoun stands 9) To avoid confusion,
example-
a) The jury gave its verdict fulfils the function
conjunction; for
of been in his family
for generations.
and which has
i)He has a valuable piece of antique
b)The crew rebelled against its officers. generations.
(Incorrect) in his family for
which has been
individuals, the Pronoun standing for it must a valuable piece of antique
2 lf the Noun conveys the idea of separate He has

of the Plural Number, as, (Correct) (Incorrect)

has been sold.
He had a house but which
the jury were divided in their opinion. i) sold. (Correct)
which has been
He had a house
the Pronoun is generally Singular
neither, or..either,
2

3) With the words every, each, nor...

Rita has done this.

PracticeSheet1
Either Reena or
Correct the following sentences
ejther.. Or, neither..nor, the Prono
Plural Noun and Singular
Noun are joined by
4) When a away.
noun; as, w a s me that gave the prizes through this school.

must be in agreement with

the nearest previous 1) It
students that has passed
cleverest
of the
in theirduty. He is one
father and I.
Either the manager his assistants failed
or
2) trouble to my
tenant has given great made.
have brought their books. 3) The that has ever
been
Neither Ram nor other boys o n e of the
best speeches
4) It was ticket.
must show his
like this 5 All
passengers

5) Order of placing Pronouns is writes better

than me.
You and I are (Not I and You)
students. 6) He m o r e than
I.
i) teachers favour you late.
there. (Not he and you) 7) The umbrella and
which made me
You and he must go
) home for my I declined.
and I can never get together.
(Not l and he) 8) I went have dinner with
them but which
i) He wished me to
(Not you and we) 9) They
attend this meeting.
name.
of his good
iv) We and you must c a n n o t be
too careful
there. (Not they and you) 10) One
v) You and they should go
the
emphasise something, Solutions
subject or the subject has to
When an action tums upon the Change me toI.
6) used; as,
1) have.
myself, himself or yourself are
Change has
to
pronouns 2)
Change to
me.

i) I hurt myself 3) I
to have.
be true. Change has
i) To thine own self 4)
for nothing but his own self, 5) Change his
to their
i) He c a r e s
me to l.
Change
whose are relative pronouns. 6)
That, this, those, these,
who, which, what, which tney
7) Change I to
me.

7) near the noun, about

sentence, are placed 8) Omit and.
in a Complex or Compound
They,
9) Omit but.
relate. For example,
red-handed. his to one's.
i) He is the manwho was caught 10) Change
but, so.
using and,
i) He, that is content, happy.
is without
PracticeSheet2
connective

here. of a
is to be played by means

know the rules of the game which

sentences

ii) Do you each of following

Join together
like.
iv) Take anything that you
punished.
The thief
was
t life
stole the watch.
used for things WI The thief of Malaria.
while 'which' is 1) cured my
brother
and things He
that'is used for persons
doctor.
The pronoun He is the
Note: 2) good in
studies.

and for animals I met a boy. He is very

3)

9/Exan
 lost her way.
4) We met a girl. She had ADJECTIVES

I know the man. He stole my laptop.

5) wrote
Raghuvansham.

Kalidas is a famous poet. He

6 by the pollce. P r o n o u n or

crook. He was arrested to a Noun or

is detals
T h i s man a which adds
'added'. A word,
lost it yesterday. means

8) Here is the pen. You see them. The word adjective

literally
example-
mines in Bihar.
I went to Adjective. For
There are coal describes is called an
it,
9
10) Isaw agirl. She was singing. She is wearing
a pretty
dress.

was limping.
11) We saw a dog. The dog
for the book. a bright day.
It is
Herethe book. You
is
were asking i1)
12) The boy is brave
it il) school teacher.
had lost I was a
13) I have found the pen. My late
grandmother

soldier. He lost his arm.

iv)
14) He is a adjectives.
month. words are Noun.
It was built in a underlined
used before
or after a
15) This is the building. dead.
The above
whether they are
teacher. She is depending
on

16) Mrs Sadiq was my English had broken into

the house. change in meaning and responsible.

The burglar A few adjectives involved, present,

proper,

17) The dog bit the burglar. cruel. of these are;

cornered,
The man was very Some
man.
18) Once there lived a wealthy be read carefully:
liked him. examples
should
rushed back to the patient.
19) He had bad habits. No one The following
concerned (worried)
nurse

Uhe on a holiday.
likes him. i) was

20) He is sincere. Everyone concerned

(responsible)
The nursed
ii) boy.
a responsible
Henry is
Solutions M)
responsible
was punished,
was punished. boy
The thief who stole the watch
The
1) (correct) question
who cured my brother
of Malaria. It was a proper
not answered
2) He is the doctor V)
proper (itself) w a s
in studies. The question
3) Imet a boy who is very good confusion
about the order in
We met a girl who had lost her way. there may be the
4) The Order of
Adjectives
come
before a noun, order of Adjectives
the possible
5) I know the man who stole my laptop. more adjectives describes
When twO or below
The table given
who wrote Raghuvansham. should be placed. Noun
6) Kalidas is a famous poet which they Materlal
What kind

7) This man, who was arrested by the police, is a crook. Colour

Orlgin What for
Size, Age Plant
Here is the pen which you lost yesterday. Quallty Washing
8) Shape Italian
Wooden
Powder
whlch are In Blhar.
9) Iwent to see the coal mines
reen DIning
Wonderful Small Stone lable
Red
10) I sawa girl who was singing New Steel Building
Nice
11) We saw a dog which was limping. Majestic
Cabinet
for.
12) Here is the book, you were asking Beautitul

13) I have found the pen, which I had lost.

14) He is a soldier who lost his arm.

in a month.
15) This is the building which was built Used as
Nouns the class of
Adjectives
as Nouns.
They denote
Mrs Sadig, who was my English teacher, is dead. be used
16) preceded by 'the' can
who had broken Into the house. Adjectives
17) The dog bit the burglar 1)
Certain

pty.
18) Once there lved a wealthy man, who was very cruel.
our
persons.

care for the poor.

The blind deserves
not
hlm who had bad habits. The rich do
19) No one llkedl Blessed a r e
the meek.
the Singular
and the
used both in
20) He Is sIncere whom everyone lIkes, become
Nouns and can be
actually
Some Adjectives
2)
Plural. For example
mortals.
mortal,
elders;
seniors; elder,
senlor,
Junior, juniors;

11 ExB
 different
meaning.

all three Adjectives

carry
FeW people
are free from faut Solutions
Few, a few, the few, meaning. E.g..
3) to say af A)
hardly any. It has negative E.g. He w a s
asked
few
F e w means meaning.
positive am
small number.
It has a
looking for a cheap, white, Japanese caar.
A few means

he had, 2) am looking for

He lost the
few friends beautiful, polished teak dining table.
a
words. them. E.g. 3) am
but all of looking for an inexpensive, small old
The few
means not many
4) am looking
cottagge
for a well maintained, second hand sports car.

begin each 5) am looking

for an expensive old gold necklace.
form and
their correct
PracticeSheet1 in the following
sentences in 6) am looking for a
cheap black leather coat.
A) Arrange the adjectives 7) am looking for a pink cotton summer
for. dress.
am looking
s e n t e n c e with 1
8) am looking
for a beautiful oval brown carpet.
car, white, cheap, Japanese. 9) am looking for a new stone house
am looking for a
-

table.
teak, dining 10) am looking for a green nylon shirt.
polished, beautiful,
for a
-

looking
2 am

I am looking for
a
-cottage,
small, old, inexpensive
B)
3) second hand, wel maintained
I am looking for a
-

sports car, 1) In the first sentence the word 'involved' means included
4) or related.
necklace, old, gold, expensive
5) l am looking for a in the second sentence involved' means
implicated used in a negative sense.
-

black, cheap, coat.

l am looking for a leather, 2) first sentence means, number of employees to be hundred, at the present time.
6)
am looking for a
- S u m m e r , dress,
cotton, pink. The
The second sentence means the employees that are there at present should cast their
7)
-oval, beautiful, carpet, brown.
8) Iam looking for a Vote.
stone, new.
9 lam looking for a - a , house, 3) The concerned doctor means a doctor who is worried. The doctor concerned means

10) I am looking for a - a , shirt, green, nylon. the doctor who is involved.
4) The first sentence denotes the age of the friend. In the second, the friend of long
between the sentences in each par.
B) Give the difference in meaning standing has forgotten his friend.
5) Ih the first sentence, he refuses to have anything with the case, in the second he
It was a very involved question. efuses to be firm in the case.
The person involved has left the country.
6) The first sentence says about the length of the bridges to be twenty-two miles. The
Present employees number one hundred,
2) second tells that there are twenty bridges of two-mile length.
The employees present should vote on this.
/) In the first sentence the pilot agrees to change the direction of flight. In the second, he
The concerned doctor phoned for the ambulance.
3) says that they will certainly make a change, but the subject of change is not clear,
The doctor concerned is not in the hospital.
8) In the first sentence, she never promised to do something. In the second, she promised
A) My friend is old.
never to do it again.
My old friend has forgotten me.
9) In the first sentence,I saw one person, who is poet and statesman both, in the secondI
5 He firmly refuses to deal with the case.
saw two persons, one a poet, another a statesman.
He refuses to deal with the case firmly.
10) The first sentence refers to the arrival of a person, in the second, the person is to
6) There are twenty-two-mile-long bridges.
overcome his difficulties.
There are
twenty-twO-mile-long bridges.
7) The pilot said, "We will make change of course". Comparison of Adjectives
The pilot seid, "We will make a change, of
8) She
course" An Adjective ofquality can be used in three degrees positive, comparative and superlative.
never promised to do it
again. The positive degree indicates an adjective in its simple form. Itis used when no comparisonis
She promised never to do it again.
9) I saw the made:
poet and statesman.
This Is a good book.
Isaw the poet and the statesman.
10) He will come over in a few minutes. Gold is a precious metal
He will come over
the hurdles in no time.
 a comparison
between two thinaeor
In comparative degree
there is always NO Sets ICSE English Language Last Stop Rovislon Notes
of
two persons. thine
than your book. tlger.
My book is better 19) The tiger is most feroclous of all anlmals. End
A Wise enemy is better than a foollsh frlend. Begin: A foolish frlend .
20)
Copper is cheaper
than gold. No other pe
21) Mount Everest is the highest peak of the HImalayas. Begin,
22) No other man was as strong as Bhim. Begin: Bhlm

23) know him qulte as well as you do. Begln: You.

of quality is denoted.
In superlative degree, highest degree Some people have more money than bralns. End money,
24)
Iron Is more useful than copper. End Iron
all books. 25)
My book is the best of
Solutlons
Gold is the most precious of all metals. A fox is not more cunning than he.
1)
Birds do not fly as fast as aeroplanes.
It should be carefully noted that some comparatives have no positive or super 2)
good as Mumbal's seaport.
No other seaport in Indla Is as
they are followed by 'to' instead of 'than'. For example -

egree an 3)
No other fruit is sweeter than the mango
4)
He is inferior to Aditya in intelligence. 5) No other flower Is as beautiful as rose.
6) No other task Is as difficult as thls task.
Zoya is superior to all her friends. 7) Dlamond is the hardest of all substances.
No other sauce Is as good as hunger.
8)
Shubham is senior to all his friends. Amerlca ls rlcher than most other
countrles.
9 dramatists.
10) Shakespeare ls the greatest of all English
Mudit's work is superior to all his classmates. Bengaluru Is cooler than Hyderabad
11)
Delhi is bigger than most other cltles of Indla,
This event took place prior to Muzzaffar Nagar's riots. 12)
The sword is not as mighty as pen.
13)
Lead is heavier than any other metal
Practice Sheet2 14)
citles are as blg as Chennal
Rewrite the following
sentences according to the instructions given after each sentence 15) Very few Indlan
withou more nutr/tlous
than soya beans,
16) Meat is not In the least
changing their meaning:
Jupiter is the biggest of planets.
all
17) as Indla.
the world Is as large
18) No other democracy In
1) He is as cunning as fox. Begin: A fox is not No other anlmal ls as feroclous as tiger
19)
2) Aeroplane flies faster than birds. End as fast as A foolish frlend is not
as good as a
wise
enemy.
aeroplane 20)
3) Mumbai is the best seaport in India. Begin: No other seaport in India, of the Himalayas is as high as Everest.
21) No other peak
4) all other men.
The mango is sweetest of fruits. Use - Sweeter than
22) Bhim was stronger than
better thanI.
5 Rose is the most beautiful of all flowers. Begin: No other flower 23) You do not know him
brain as money,
not have as much
6) This is the most difficult task. Use - more difficult 24) Some people do
not as useful as Iron.
7) Diamond is harder than any other substance. End_ of all substances 25) Copper Is

8) Hunger is the best sauce. Begin: No other.

9) Very few countries are as rich as America. Begin: America is richer than.
10) Shakespeare is greater than any other English dramatist. Use - greatest
11) Hyderabad is not as cool as Bengaluru. Begin: Bengaluru
12) Delhi is one
of the
biggest cities of India. Begin: Delhi is bigger.
13) The pen is mightierthan the sword. Begin: The sword
14) Lead is the heaviest of all metals. Begin: Lead is heavier
15) Chennal is one of biggest cities of India. Begin: Very few Indian cities
16) Soya beans are at least as nutritious as meat. Begin: Meat
17) No other planet is as big as Jupiter. Begin: Jupiter
18) indla is the largest democracy in the world. Begin: No other .
 ARTICLES

Adjectives, A e Incle
and an are Indefinite Arlc PracticeSheet1 sentences
correcting
the errors:

Demonstrative
in reality Rewrite the following
Ardcles a, an, they are before a vowel or a
a cconsonant, so
boy, a man, a
horse. Anis used playing
n e a r well.
Derore a consonant; as a The boy w a s
man. note.
heir, an honest Have you an
one rupee
Iike vowel; as an hour, an
2) European.
conditions: He seems to be an
used in the following 3)
The Definite Article 'the' is He killed tiger.
4) ship.
speak of a particular
person, or thing, as the book you Want
antis out ot 5)
The Emden
was
German

wanted.

The Gangpi
When we he
1) mountain ranges,
grOups of islands as Igave him
a book

The names of rivers, seas, gulfs,

6) written by Valmiki.
2) Ramayan was

Sea. 7)
The Himalayas, The Red The llad, The Ramayan: He is very
kind to poor.
Puranas, ana. 8) of Venice.
as The Merchant
Before the names of Books;
wrote
3) kind, tne Sun,
tne moon, the Sky 9)
Shakespeare

Before the things that are unique ofthelr the eart Hindustan
Times.
4) I read said Shylock.
has a silver lining. 10) judgement'",
With superlatives The darkest cloud "Daniel come to the
5)
-

11)
poorshould helped.
be much.
noun The a fool too
adjective used as a Do not play
6) With an
known buildings, ships,
as The Times ofIn 12) the duke of
Lancaster.

7) With the names of journals, well Te 13) His brother was

English language.
lam learning
Mahal. 14) dictionary.
common but representing their class; as. the
th
pen Here is a French and English
With the names of things, though 15)
8) Word to the wise is sufficient.
of volce that
is dead.
mightier than the sword. 16) vanished
hand and
sound
touch of
O for the
17) reward.
is its o w n
The omission of Indefinite Article (a, an) 18) The virtue

Rich are happy.

19) king last week.
and Abstract Noun born to the
1) Before Proper 20) A heir was

Mr Narendra Modi is a candidate

from Gujrat. studied in
United States.
i) 21) He
sweetest fruit.
1)Crime never pays. 22) Grape is the bush.
is mortal. two in the
used in its widest sense; as Man hand is worth
Before a common The bird in
2 23
is the best policy.
Before uncountable nouns; as Sand is used in making glass. The honesty
3) 24)
gold.
of diseases, names of regular meals fever, dysentery, breakfast, l
The silver is cheaper
than
face.
4) Before names
25) have s e e n in thy
that sages
are charms
O s o l i t u d e ! Where
dinner. 26)
The Devil, The P dream.
of things single in kind-Hell, heaven, god (EXceptions
-

Life is not a empty

5) Before names 27)
flower is it is.
Before singular in form but plural in kind, Advice, furniture, scenery, business, ca 28) What kind of a
6) nouns
mines in South
Africa.
There are the gold
29) friend in anger.
Repetition of Articles said he to his
"Go to the hell"
30)
betore
1) When two or more connected nouns refer to the same person, the article is used
Solutions
the first only; but when two or more connected nouns refer to different persons or thing well.
Insert 'a' before
1)
the article is used before each; Change an to 'a'.

i) The Principal and Secretary was present. Change an to 'a.

i) The Principal and the Secretary were present. German.

Insert 'a before
4)
Insert 'a' before tiger.
5)
In the first sentence, one person holds both the posts, in the second, Principal and Secretd to 'the'.
6) Change 'a'
are two persons.
Ramayana.
7) Insert 'the before
Insert 'the' before poor.
2) Article "the is Used
delore eadn noun and the 8)
adjective to express different qualues Merchant of Venice
same person or thing. Cancel 'the" before
9)
The learned, Insert 'the' before
'Hindustan Times'
i) the eloquent and the 10)
patriotic leader is no more.
ii) Napoleon was a general, a statesman and an orator.
 Daniel
before
'a'
11)
Insert

'a' to
the' VERB
Change Duke.
12) the'
before

Cancel

13) Insert the'before English

Agreement of the Verbs with the subject.
14) Insert 'a'before English

Note: Some of the following rules willook lke repetitions as they have already been given,
15) 'a'
before
word.
before
sound.
Insert and the' discussing the rules of 'Noun: number', yet it will serve as revision.
16) 'a'before
vanished

Insert
17) before virtue Plural verb: A fool and his money are
Cancel
the"
1) Two or more singular subjects joined by 'and' take a

18) Insert the'before rich

sOon parted.
an'before
air.
Singular: Rice and egg
19 and
insert
2) When two subjects joined by 'and' express one idea the verb is in
Cancel 'a States.
20 'the'before
United
cury is my favourite dish.
Insert
Neither of
21) before
sweetest

3) Each, everyone, either, neither, many a must be followed by a Singular verb:

Insert the'
22) in place
of the. these dresses is worth buying.
Insert 'a' with the
either ...or, neither.. nor, the verb agrees
23 Cancel the'
before honesty. 4) When two subjects are joined by or,
24) before silver.
second subject near the verb:
Cancel the"
25) before
charms. i) Neither he nor we want to go there.
26)
Insert the i) Neither Ramesh nor his helpers are to be
blamed.
'an'in place
of 'a'
il) Neither you nor I am working hard.
Insert
7) before flower. unit:
Cancel 'a' the class it names is considereda
28) 5 A Collective Noun takes a singular verb when
the' before gold mines. of the accused.
29)
Remove
Jury is against the acquittal
before hell. in form always carry a Plural verb: cattle, folk, police,
30)
Cancel the"'
6) The following nouns, though Singular
people
Village folk have to work very hard.
in form but singular in meaning take
a singular verb:
7) The following nouns which are plural
) Physics is not an easy subject.

i) Statistics needs hard work.

ii) No news is good news

iv) Summons of court is to be obeyed.

) His whereabouts is not known.
take Plural Verb:
The following Plural nouns have no Singular form and
8) billiards, alms, ashes, annals,
thanks, remainsS,
Breeches, trousers, socks, mumps, measles,

proceeds, tidings, etc.

considered as a whole, the Singular Verb
denotes a quality or quantity
When a Plural Noun
is not a bad salary.
is used: Ten thousand rupees the noun for which it Iis
the verb must agree with
When the subject is a relative pronoun, in the debate.
have come to participate
the beat speakers that
Used: Vidushi is one of

PracticeSheet1 sentences supply a verb in agreement with its subject.

In each of the follovwing
divided in their opinion.
1) The jury.
in favour ofconviction.
2) The jury immoral.
3 To deceive.
down with fever,
one of the ship's crew
4) That night every blamed for theft.
his brothers
Neither Ram nor
5) stolen the watch.
fellows
6) One ofthose

19/ EX
 ge
Ost Slep Rev
Notes
7) The work Language Last Step Revision
pressure. more than he could bear.
ICSE English

8) monarch of all I survey.

9) The two
hooligans sure to be caught.
TENSES
10) The accountant and the foundmissing.
11) The accountant and cashier found missing.
12) The news
cashier
THE PRESENT TENSE
good.
13) The famous magician and
conjurer
too unwell to perform.
A) SImple Present Tense
tense is used:
The simple present present.
14) Full many a gem in the desert_ unseen.
period and to express
the immediate

1) To indicate the present

15) Each of the suspected men arrested.
There goes the
train.
)
16) The Three Musketeers written by Alexander Dumas. Here c o m e s our
teacher

speak at once.
17) Hundred rupees too much for this small pot. ii) I want to

iv) It is very cold.

18) The cow as well as the horse grass. situation:
permanent
2) To express a
19) Neither his mother nor his sister alive.
The sun sets in the west.

20) Telephone invented by Addison.

i) My house
faces east.
the plan.
21) There many objections to 3) To express general truths:
immortal.
22) Life a thorn crown wear it The soul is
future action:
23) All_ fair in love and war. 4) To express a
The school reopens
on 1st July
very important.
24) Knowing rules of grammar. clauses:
conditional
5) In
25) Seeingbelieving. If you work hard, you
will pass.
quotations:
in introducing
narratives,
dramatic

6 In factual writings, it to boil.

Solutions 22) is of water and bring the film.
15) is/was Pour three cups Shahjahan in
the role of
1) were 8) am
23) is Amitabh
Bachchan plays
16) was
2) is 9) are
24) is Shakespeare says.
17) is
3) is 10) were
25) is
Continuous Tense
18) eats
11) was
4) was
19 was/is B) The Present continuous is used:
12) is The present at the time
of speaking:
5) were is happening
20) was something that
6) has/had
13) was/is 1) For
well.
21) are lam not feeling
14) i the present
moment:

7) was5 2 To emphasise
as a clerk.
He is working
actions:
Planned future
3) friend on Sunday.
meet my
l am going to

To indicate
change:
4)
improving.
Her work is
deteriorating.
is
My health actions:
denote frequent
5) To
wasting time.
He is always others'
drawback.
for
You are always searching

C)Present PerfectTense used:

Tense is
Perfect continues.

The Present the result

of which instructions
for their
own
situations
the
To refer to past should follow
1) felt that
students

I have always
i)
good.
 asSep Rev
Notes
Revision

Last Step
Language
ICSE English

i) Ihave worked hard to win the prize.

ii) She has looked after the child for five years. lately.
_ (not eat) enough
2) To express an action that has just been completed: Ifeel slckbecause hour now.
(speak) for
an

I have just come back from Delh. 17) The Minister

now.
-(rain) for two days (not listen)
to me.

i) The sun has set. 18) because the children

-

Irritated
19) I feel (wear) glasses.
3) In news broadcasts: you.
20) How long-
The government has decided to pass the bill.
(use) my computer.

21) You forward to his visit

for months.
- ( r e a c h ) here earlier.
4) For repeated actions or habitual actions 22) We. (look)
same mistakes. at 6:30. You
should have homework.

have often wondered why she commits the 23) The film begins (not finish) my
.
(be) sorrythat
24)1 (snow) for
three days now.

D) Present Perfect Continuous 25) It

20) Have, been
1) Linking the past with the present:
Solutions 12) Donee wearing
teaching in the school for ten years.
Thave been 1) Begin 13) See, is going Have been
using
is going 21)
2) Drawing conclusions: 2) Seems, 14) Have attended
22) Have been
been crying.
YOur eyes are red. It is clear
that you have
) 3) See 15) Have heard
looking
She is not well now.
hard these days. 4) See Have not been
i) She has been working very 16) 23) Reached
have been working ven
Ram College. I 5) s
ii) Thave got admission in Lady Sri eating
24) Am, have not

hard for it. 6) Bite 17) Has been

finished
s speaking been snowing
25) Has
8) Am going Has been raining
PracticeSheet1(For Present Tense) form of the tense from the 9) Is listening
18)
Tense (using the appropriate Have not been
Fill in the blanks with the Present 19)
10) Are working
listening
words given in brackets). 11) Has taken

Examples (go) every day. THE PAST TENSE

(go) to school now. He-
He. Tense
)
Ans: He is going to school now. He goes every day. A) The Simple Past
Past is used: which
OCcurred in the past
The Simple actions and
situations

actions, events,
i) The sun (have) set. To indicate past
1)
finished:
Ans: The sun has set. and are now

whole day. She is tired. It rained yesterday.

ii) She (drive) i)
whole day. She is tired. When dld you
come?
Ans: She has been driving i)
dress in Paris.
ii) Tbought this
situations.
(begin) from 15th May. To denote past
1) Our holidays, 2) childhood.
Mumbai during my
(seem) that it_ (go) to rain. I lived in German.
t 2009 he studied
2) message as
soon asI (see) him.
i) Throughout

3) I shall give him your regular actions

(see) may not be the whole truth. 3) To indicate
cricket.
What you we played
4) On Sundays,
.

(be) believing. i)
5) Seeing - conversations:

seldom. (bite 4) In polite would lend me

that book.
6) Barking dogs Wonder if you
(be) better than nothing.
clauses:
7) Something subordinate
(go) to Agra. 5) In whereabouts.
Iwish I knew his
8) (listen) carefully. It's a good habit.
9) She
10) The farmers.
(work) in the field. B) The Past ContinuOus Tense is used:
continuous
The past the past:
(take) leave of her senses. development of the action in
11) She has. gradual absence.

cannot be undone. 1) To suggest a

and m o r e worried
because of my son's
(do) w a s becoming
more
What is 1)
12)
.

(see) Mr Mehra. He (g0) on leave.

YOu c a n n o t .
13) the cooking classeS.
(attend)
14) 1 terrible neWS of disaster.
(hear)
15)1

23 B
 2) Actions in progress in the past
could not come.
so we
i) were studying last night
we tu

i) It was raining in cats and dogs.

3) To indicate repeated actions: PerfectTense
C)ThePast
earlier.
his friends. past:
talking to five y e a r s
earlier

always playing and to an father

e was Reference
met his
1) in 2005. I had
4) With a time, adverbial: He met
me

clauses
as:
passed.
At 9 o'clock, I was making notes.
conditional
have
2) In would
worked hard, I in the
past: clerk.

At 12 o'clock, he was going to post office. IfI had two

actions
working
as a

) distinguish
between
and was

To supervisor
3) as a
lost herjob
Continuous e
Practice Sheet 2 (For Simple Pastand PastContinuous
S h e had

in the blanks using Simple Past or Past

ense Continuous
Tense meeting
the

Fi Perfect he had
been

D) The Past Time and

duration:
from
New
York
where

1) They (play) football yesterday. 1) Minister

came
back

Prime
The
2) He -
(work) all weekend. world leaders.
the
whole day.
resting
3) He (go) to the market. 2) Drawing conclusion:

she h a d
been

for the
because

classes. fresh
the project
4) He (go) to his coaching She
was
looking
been
delaying
had
evening.
(play) cricket all
3) Repeated actions: s u b o r d i n a t e

5) ou. -

because
his

Physics all night. annoyed

6) (study) He was

(ring) while I (study) w h o l e month. in the

7) The phone Continuous Tense verb given
bell.
(ring). Past Perfect tense of the
bath when the and
PastPerfect
c o n t i n u o u s

8) She (take) dinner.

(For perfect
Practice Sheet3with the past perfect
were having or past
when we
(knock)
9) Someone- blanks
examinations. Fill in the
10) Priyam -
(work) for his problem when his friend
Mathematics' brackets. turn.
(Concentrate) on
his wrong
11) Mudit (take) the
Ifelt that I_ friend
arrived.

his
1) the time
(call). the market to buy fruits. He-
(go) by
( n o t see) the
newspaper.
brackets.
2)
-

(go) to in the
12) Shubham -

nowhere when I_ (call). Esha said

that she
(fill) in the
blanks given
managerin
the firm.
(be) 3) assistant

13) He -

Milan said
that he (work)
as an
school as a
teacher.

(read) from Bible. 4) that s h e _ joined

the
(See a magician. since she
14) She She told
me

(return)from my classes,
mistakes
5) lots of it.
(make) after looting
came.
when he
15) When (go) the bank
for two years. 6) She -

leave)
(live) in Lucknow (be) already (already,
16) I 7) robbers
(not, play) fair. police
came, time.
17) She- When the him for a long
in his work. 8) (suspect) home. week.
(be) not sincere 9) The police she
entered
her
his work for a
18) He Mandolin. (rain) heavily
when
(not, do)
(like) to play 10) It
- Shubham

19) 1 (write four great tragedies. angry

because

The teacherwas (work) very hard.

20) Shakespeare 11)
(become) immortal because of his great art. 12) Previously she_ (go) back.
21) He me whyI- decision.
He asked (take) the
wrong
13)
that (leave.
Solutions 9) Knocked 16) Lived 14) I realised the station, the train months.
for two
1) Were playing When I reached my project
10) Was working
17) Did not play 15) (work) on

At that time,
arrived.
2) Was working 18) Was 16) letter
before he
11) Was concentrating, (write) the
Was g o i n g / w e n t came.
17) he
3) called 19) Liked work when
(finish) my (fulfil) my mission.
4) Went
12) Went 20) Wrote 18) the plants
in the garden.
thatI -(water)
5) Were playing
21) Became 19) I w a s happy because
she_

6) Was s t u d y i n g
13) Was, called clothes
wet were

20) Her
was
studying 14) Was reading
Rang,
7) rang
15) Was returning, saw
Was taking,
8)
 Tense
Solutions 15) Had left Perfect Continuous
Perfect and Future
9) Had been
1) Had taken
suspecting
16) Had been PracticeSheet 4(For Future her mind by
this evening.
-(change) much
about life.
2) Had gone
Had been raining
17) Had writterwo
WO 1) Iexpect sneP. you
(learn)

10) are no longer young, by March this

year.
friend in town.

3) Had not seen

Had not been
18) Had finished 2)
When you
(learn)
dance for five years relative
and
11) (meet) every
4) Had filled 19) Had fulfilled 3) She
-

leaves for
Paris, she-
5) Had been working doing Before she 2014.
20) Had been 4) contract by April
Had been working (sign) the
6) Had been making 12) Wale 5) meetings of this
organisatlon.

13) Had gone 6) Iwill-

(go) for (start)
7) Had, already gone he already -

reach
there,
back home, time you
14) Had taken time we get the
7) By the (start) by
8) Had already left are s o late
that the exams.
2014.
8) You the end of
(retire) by of this year,
9) My brother student
by the end
for five years
THE FUTURE TENSE (teach) this
10) 1
-

A) The Simple Future Tense is used as, Will have

been going
1) Topredict what we think will happen;, SolutionsS 6)
started
lin Mars. have changed Will have
One day our people will live 1) Will 7)
started
Will have
learned
8) Will have
We will get the prize. 2) retired
learning Will have
Will have been 9)
2) To indicate an promise; as,
offer or 3) been teaching9
from me. Will have met 10) Will have
If you succeed, you will get gift
a 4)
have signed
I shall do what you say. 5) Will
Tenses)
3) To indicate an instant decision; as, All
Practice Sheet 5 (For the of the word given
in brackets.

appropriate form
will have a party. blanks with
On my birthday, we
Fill in the
Carter, 1 (2). (hear)
will use a heater. (give) my report to Mrs
It is freezing, we
while I (1)- store room.
In the evening direction of her
(come) from the rat. I don't (5)
in other ways also. loud thumping (3) asked. "Probably
a
express the future
-

a I
Note: We can
that noise
downstairs?
(open) the
What (4) (be) downstairs and ().
(run)
I think we are going to win the match.
(hear) anything."
She replied. I (6) (look) very dusty
and
) (be) Mr Cater (9).
South Africa. door. There (8). (shut)him up
We are planning to go to store room
Mrs Carter (1)
(want) to know why Carter
disgruntled; he (10) -
walking stick and Mrs
store r o o m for a
for hours. He (12)- (go) into the
B) The Future Continuous Tense action over a period of future time;as (see) the door open, (14)
(bolt) it.
tense is used to indicate an
(13)
1) Future continuous
his time next week I shall be staying
in Nepal.
Solutlons 11) Had shut
for him.
When he leaves the building, police will be waiting 1) Was giving 6) Ran
and
tourism 12) Had gone
events especially related to travel
2) This tense is used to refer to planned 2) Heard
7) Opened
the end of this month. 13) Seeing
She will be reaching America by 3) Coming
8) Was
14) Had bolted
action which is the result of a routine. 9) Looking
3) This tense is also used to indicate an 4) ls
is on my way home from work. 10) Wanted
| will be passing your house tomorrow. It 5) Hear

C) Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous Tense Practice Sheet 6 (For All Tenses)
form of the word given in brackets.
which is going to happen before a particular Une Fill in the blanks with the appropriate
1) If you are referring to something
in future, Future Perfect Tense can be used; as, (be) not
(pine) for what
1) We look before and after and
Perhaps by the time we reach the house, he would have gone
2) I told him not to (brag) of his wealth.
want to indicate the duration of an event at a specific time in future, you
2) If you be (drunk) hot.
use the Future Perfect Continuous Tense; as, 3) Tea should
(want) me to help them
4) They-
By April 2014, you will have been workingfor this organisation for fifteen yea
(keep) on crying all morning
5) The baby
(be) longer in summer than in winter
6) The days
 I C S EEnglish Language Lao
bush.
(beat) about
the
7) Don't thesplt
milk.
(not cry) over (accompany) us.
8) brackets.
(Tenses) given in
Practice Sheet 8 the appropriate form of the word
9 Ouryesterdays
(go)before_ (sleep
blanks with
10) Miles Fill in the road.
an empty dream. down that
(be) not (go) to the mountain, (see) him_
(walk)
11) Life (can) not_ 1) (start) raining suddenly.
12) If Mohammad_

to him.
2) (play) in the
garden.
come
3) The children-
the mountain
-

years.
down the tree. with us for the lastten
(cut) (work) back.
13) The gardener. idiot. 4) She want) her
wrist watch
(be) a tale- . (tell) by an
14) Life_ 5) Raman for a long
time.

(waste) tme, now (be) time Waste me. 6) They

(know) me
(groan) all day.
15). 7) The patient_
tomorrow.

(leave) for Delhi (have, start).

Solutlons 8) (sleep) by
that time.
7) beat 13) Is cutting 9) Neetu
.
already.
1) Pine, is the ground,
the circus
8) Do not cry 14) Is, told 10) When we
reached

2) Brag
9) Accompany 15) Wasted, 6) Have known
3) Drunk Solutions
4) Wanted 10) To go, sleep doth/does 1) Saw, walking 7) Has been
groaning
/leave
8) Will leave
5) Kept 1) s 2) Started

make Were playing/are

playing
9) Will be sleeping
6) Are 12) Can, go, 3) 10) Had, started
Has been working
4)
5) Wants
Practice Sheet 7 (Tenses)
gilven in the brackets:
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb

1) My family has (move) to Lucknow,

2) The child (grow) up in the care of his grandmother.

3) Iwant the books (bring) to me

4) Thave asked you (cut) your nalls.
5) He is the (good) cadet ofthis squad.
6) She -(help) me to cook the food today.
7) The bush was, (prune) by me yesterday.
8) His eyes (shine) with the joy of a father's pride.
9) Days (pass) but he did not come.
10) They will (break) journey at Allahabad.
11) He has (hold) on to precious Iife
for the last three days.
12) | am. (surprise) that the two have become friends.
13) The children are (throw) stones at the dog.
4) We (turn) to God for help.
15) Julius Ceaser was (murder) by his friends.
Solutions
1) Moved 6) Is helping
2) Is growing 7) Pruned 12) Surprised
3) To be brought / 8) Shone 13) Throwing
brought 9) Passed 14) Turn
4) To cut 10) Break 15) Murdered
5) Best 1) Held
 PASSIVE VOICE A) Simple Present Tense
ACTIVE AND He buys mnangoes.
(Active)
Mangoes ore bought by him.
Iteach English. (Active)
(Passive)
Passive Voice
Voice and the
The Active
A Transitive verb
has two volces.
English Is taught by me (Passive
action (Active) or the subi..
whether the subject is the
doer
ofthe
verb shows
The voice of a

of the action (Passlve).

B) Present Continuous Tense
is the receiver They are watching a movie. (Active)
A movie is being watched
Compare the following
sentences by them. (Passive)
a) Manish helped Raju. C) Present Perfect Tense
Manish. I have bought a dress.
b) Raju was helped by but In (a) subject is tne doer and not so in

sentences carry same meaning A dress has been

Both the bought by me.
sentence (b).
D) SImple Past Tense
Changing the Volce of a Verb: Pass/ve Voice and the I saw a Picture.
in the Active Voice is made the subject in the
The object A picture was seen by me.
subject becomes the object.
How the Verb is changed can be understood by the following chart:
E) Past Continuous Tense
He was beating a stray dog.
A stray dog was being beaten by him.
Tense Formatlon of Passive Volce Example
SImple Present is/are/am + Past Particliple of the F)PastPerfect Tense
He had run a race.
1 Tense verb Crlcket is played by them. A race Was run by him.
Present is/are/am +being +Past Particlple Crlcket is belng played by
2 Continuous Tense of the verb them. G) Future Perfect Tense
I will have enjoyed reading a
book
Present Perfect has/have been + Past Participle of Cricket has been played by Readinga book wil have been enjoyed by me.
3 Tense
the verb them.
Other examples:
was/were +Past Participle ofthe You must do the Job,
4 Simple Past Tense verb Cricket was played by them. The Job must be done by you
Past Continuous was/were +being + Past Participle Cricket was being played by
5 Tense of the verb Shut the door
them.
Let the door be shut. Or The door should be shut.
had been + Past Participle of the Cricket has been played by
6 Past Perfect Tense verb them.
Practice Sheet 1(Active and Passlve Volce)
Change the following sentences Into Passive Volce
Simple Future will/shall be + Past Participle of the Cricket will be played by
Tense verb 1) The dogs eat bones.
them. 2) The teacher appointed Shubham class monltor
Future Perfect will/shall have been + Past
Cricket shall have been 3) lent Mudit hundred rupees.
8 Tense Participle of the verb 4) He stole money from his father's purse
Played by them. 5) Iam reading this book,
G) lke the fllm of Sanjeev Kumar
 7) Give the order
murder.
20) A lot ofjewellery is worn by her.
found the accused guilty of 21) You will be beatenin chess by me.
8) The Jury
him a leaned man. 22) The match will be won by my team.
9) They consider
10) Who taught you English? 23) A man is made (recognised) by his manners.
11) One should keep
one's promises. 24) By whom was the man eater klled.
25) Something should be given to the beggar to eat
12) Please help me.

13) Money begets money. 26) He is suspected by everyone.

The door is being opened by him.
14) You surprise him. 27)
Sharma's house. 28) The thief had been chased by the dog.
15) The thieves broke into Mr
that little girl. 29)I was scolded by Vikram.
16) A scooter knocked down
30) Twenty points were scored by Satyam.
17) Children are making kites.
18) Someone has cut the clothesline.
19) Everyone respected him.
20) She wears a lot of jewellery.
21) I will beat you in chess.
22) My team will win the match.
23) Manners make a man.
24) Who killed the man eater?
25) Give the beggar something to eat
26) Everyone suspects him.
27) He is opening the door.
28) The dog had chased the thief.
29) Vikram scolded me.
30) Satyam scored twenty points.

Solutions
1) Bones are eaten by the dogs.
2) Shubham was appointed class monitor by the teache.
3) Hundred rupees were lent to Mudit by me.
4) Money was stolen by him from his father's purse.
5) This book is being read by me.
6) The film of Sanjeev Kumar was liked by me.
7) Order should be given. /Let the order be given.
8) The accused was found
guilty of murder by the jury.
9) He is considered a learned man by them.
10) By whom was English taught to you.
11) One's promises should be kept.
12) I should be helped./ You are requested to help me.
13) Money is begotten by
14) He is surprised by you.
money
15) Mr Sharma's house was broken into
by the thieves.
16) That little girl was knocked down by a scooter.
17) Kites are being made by children
18) The clothesline was cut by
19) He was respected by everyone.
someone
 MODALS

be u s e d in tenses and moo

Modals are called Defective Verbs because they
cannot d oods THE INFINITIVE, THE PARTICIPLE, THE GERUND
Here s list of Modals used in English. Non finite verbs are divided Into three classes

to, must, dare, need, used (to)

Can, could, shall, should, may, might, will, would, ought a) Infinltlves

b) Gerunds

1) Modals can never be used alone; as

c) Participle

) You may go.

Understanding them will help in many ways.
She must finish her work.
ti)
) I should work hard.
The Infinltive
He could not work hard.
iv)
cannot have infinitive to', as to mav verb noun. Infinitive's
2) The form of Modal never changes, and they The infinitive is a noun with certain features of verb. In fact, it is a

formation is =
to +verb (present tense). E.g. To go, to come, etc.
will,,etc.

Different uses of Modals These are some examples of infinitlves which wll illustrate what is said above:-

I could have helped him but

1) May and Might- Both are used to 1) To drink milk is good for health.
alas I did not.
express 2) To forglve is divine.
orders.
a) Possibility
3) Should-It is used to express 3) She refused to obey the
a) Duty/ obligation 4) Children love to play.
It may/ might rain.
b) Permission We should stand by our friends.
Note:
MayI come in. b) Purpose
Ishould do this. The 'to' in the infinitive is left out after the following verbs: bid, let, make, watch, hear,
c)Wish or prayer a)
May God bless you. Be careful lest you should fall behold, know and dare. For example

d) Purpose 4) Must-It expresses ) 0let him sitthere.

Ravi came so that he might ask a) Necessity or obligation il) I dare not annoy my boss.
me for a loan. Examinees must follow You need not go to the market.
He dared to insult me.
2) Can and could-They are used to instructions. b)To' is used after dare' when it means challenge; as,
had better, had rather, would rather, rather than,
express b) Order of the speaker c) Infinitive without 'to' is also used after
sooner than.
a) Abilty You must listen to me.
She can speak very well. CDetermination
b) Polite request Rama must be helped. PracticeSheet 1 an infinitive:
COuld you do this for me? under lined words in the following sentences by
5 Ought to - It expresses Replace the
Can you please help me. a) Moral obligation
1) There was no place where we could sit.
c)Permisslon /order We ought to help the needy.
2) Ravi was the first man who arrived
You can go now.
b) Desirability 3) He was the first man who climbed the Everest
You can take my book.
Yot ought to know better.
d) Could + have -This form is 4) It is better that the teacher should hear from you,
used for past abilityy 5 The captain was the last
man
who left the ship.
6) She was the only one who realizedthe danger.
7) It is necessary that everyone should know the truth.
8) It is important that she should understand the position
9) He was the last man who left the scene
10) Would you be very kind and lend me your car.
 Solution
There place for us to sit.
1) was no

2) Ravi was the first man to arive. Practice Sheet 2

in bracket into the Gorunid form
3) He was the first man to climb the Everest. Put the
verbs

It is better for you to tell the teacher yourself. 7lt is better to let the teacherh
acher hear from
4) not enjoy (go) 1o tha m r k e t
Sunita does
you. 1)
to leave the ship. 2) Ihate (borrow)
money
5 The captain was the last man
your oddress for
me
Would you mind (write)
She only one to realize the danger.
the 3)
6 was
Stop (argue)
start
and (think)
7)It is necessary for everyone to
know the truth. 4)
this article
worth (read),
8) It is important for her to understand the position. 5) Is which I consIder uorn

There is nothing here may

leave the 6) a revlew of thot film
9) He was the last man to scene.
Iremember (read)
7) and left the
auditorium
10) Would you be kind enough to lend me your car.
He finished (speak)
8) book,
forward to (read) your
9) lam looking
The Gerund What is the use
of (cry) over spilt mlIK?
The formation of Gerund is like this: verb + ing, eg. Walk+ ing =walking, dance ting = dancino 10)
ing
A Gerund is a verbal noun. It is used; Solution
1) Going
4) Arguing,
thinking
1) As the subject of a verb; as, 2) BorroWing
5) Reading
a)Cheating should not be encouraged. 3) Writing
b) Drinking is a very bad habit
2) As the object ofa verb; as, PracticeSheet3 the correct form (Gerund or iriilie
in the brackets into
a) She likes swimming. Put the verbs

b) love reading. 1) Please, go on (speak)

3) As the object of a preposition; as (continue)- (wrte
2) Iam going-
a) He was accused of stealing. not stop- (mee)y frend
Whatever you say, I will
3) (behave) in thatcanme
4) After some verbal phrases; as, understand her-
4) Ican't
a) Give up smoking.
He is beginning (grasp) the meaning ci hes a m s a d i o
5) dear.
b) They burst out laughing. (part) when friends are
6) It's hard
c)Keep (read) urdu.
on doing mischief and you will be punished. 7) lam learning -
line S vEy d m t
5) Gerunds are also used as simple nouns; as,
3) (understand) the meaning of this
a) Parting from a friend is always painful. 9) The driver was fined for (exceed) the speed i n E
b) Seeing is believing. 10) Don't forget. (lock) the door before

Note:
Solution
1) Both the
Gerund and the Infinitive are used 1) Speaking 4) Behaving
as nouns and are formed from verbs, as,
The Gerund 2) To continue, 5) To grasp
a) Sleeping is good for health. The Infinitive 6 To part
a) To sleep is good for health. writing
b) Lying is a sin. 7) To read
b) To lie is sin. 3) Meeting
2) Gerund and Present Participle
Both are formed from verb, but the
difference is that Gerund is used as Noun and
Present Participle
is used as
Adjective. For example:
TheGerund The Present Participle
Walking is good exercise.
hope to gain by
Walking along the road I met my friend.
managing a small farm. He is the
managing director of the company

37 ExG
 ep Ree

THE PARTICIPLE
Present Participle verb + ing; as fall +
=

Past ing falling =

4) Having finished my work, I went out for a walk

Participle e.g.Fallen, Stolen
Past Perfect 5) Having started eorly, vwe artived at nioon
Participle e.g... Having fallen, Having stolen o) Having missed the lost bus, he begon to walk
A Verbal
Adjective 7) After oppearing in the examinations, I went to a hotel for tea.
or
Participle is used to form certain tenses and to
qualty nouns 8) Having spent all the money, he decided to go home
Present Participle is used: 9) Belng attracted to the beautiful dress, she bought it
1) To form 10) Whlle sitting on the wall, he vwas stung by a scorpion
continuous tense
a) The girl is running.
b) It is raining
2) To qualify a noun:
a)Iam reading an
interesting book.
b) Isawa crying child.

Past Participle is used

1) To form
perfect tenses
a) I have seen the report.
b) She had already told you.
2) To form passive voice
aThe car was stolenby the thief.
b) The money was taken by the Bank robbers.
3) To qualify a noun
a) A retired accountant is fit for this
job.
b) A frightened child stood at the door.

Practice Sheet1
Join the following sentences using a
Participle.
1) The thief saw the
policeman. He was frightened. He ran
2)Your handwriting is very bad. It away.
cannot be read.
3) The door was open. The thieves took
all valuables.
4) I finished my work. I went out for a They ran away.
walk.
5) We started early. We arrived at noon.
6) He had missed the last bus. He
7) Ihad
began to walk
appeared
in the
examinations. After that went
8) He had
spent all his money. He decided I to a hotel for tea.
to go home.
9)She was attracted to that beautiful
dress. She
10) He was sitting on the wall.
A bought it,
scorpion stung him.
Solution
1) Seeing the pollceman, the
2) Being very bad, your frightened thief ran
away.
3)Because of the handwriting cannot be read.
open door, the
thieves taking all the
valuables ran
away.

39 Exa
 THE ADVERB deceive ourselves.
4) We sometime
have most completed the project
5) The puplls
not help not laughing at the joke
Adverb modifies verb: as, 6) I could
Inever remember to have seen a more exating cricket match
a) She sang well. The novel is
too Interesting.
shaken. 8)
b) He was badly
Ihave not got
n o money.
9)
cLuckily, I won the race.
10) My friend said he never remembered having read such a novel
Adverb affects the meaning of a
sentence: as,
11) This hardly
won liberty should not be taken lightly
a)Harry has left. 12) am
much glad see you.
to

c a n write as neat as he does.

b) Harry has just left. in the second we know 13) No o n e
don't know when Harry left, no m e a n s allow you to come here.
In the first sentence we 14) I cannot by
flowers smell sweetly.
15) The
about his vwhereabouts.
Kinds of Adverb 16) I don't know nothing
1) Adverb of time: He almost had got to the top vwhen the rope broke
17)
He is now in his office. not find it nowhere.
18) I could
Uhave already spoken to my father,

2)
i)
Adverb of place:
19) It is nothing else than pride.
was n e v e r born in London.
20) Kipling
i) Come here

) Don't go there. Solution

Adverb of Write 'bitterly' in place of 'bitter.
3) manner: 1)
Slowly and slowly, the weary traveller crossed the road. 2) Change 'rare to 'rarely.
)
We sadly parted from each other. 3) Change 'not ever to 'never
4) Adverb of quantity: Change 'sometime' to 'sometimes'.
4)
i) The weather is very pleasant. 5) Change 'most' to 'mostly.

) The dinner was quite tasty. 6) I could not help laughing at the joke.
5) Adverb of frequency: 7) Place 'never' after 'remember.
often go to theatre 8) Change 'too' to very'.
i) He has met me twice. 9) Remove 'not'.
6) Adverb of reason: 10) Place 'never after 'remember.
She is ill;:therefore, she could not come to school. 11) Change 'hardly' to 'hard'.
iD) He is put in detention because of some misconduct. 12) Change 'much' to 'very.
7) Adverb of affirmation or negation: 13) Change 'neat' to 'neatly'
I will certainly go there. 14) Change 'no' to 'any'.
) She will never attend the
meeting. 15) Change 'sweetly' to 'sweet.
8) Interrogative Adverb:
Where are you going?
16) Change 'nothing' to
'anything
17) Write 'almost' after 'got.
) When will you do your work? 13) Write 'anywhere' in place of 'nowhere'.
How many people were there? 19) Change 'than' to 'but'.
IV) Why did you do this? 20) Change 'never to 'not'.
Practice Sheet 1
Rewrite the following sentences correcting the mistakes (that are concerned with
adverbs)
1) It was bitter cold.
2) He makes rare a mistake.
3) He has nol ever travelled
by train.
exam 8
exami8
CONJUNCTION crrjiunction
subordirnatirg
Examples of return
Weit fl I
Conjunction, exa The train arrived after two hour
two clauses is called for
The part of speech that joins tvo words or xample I vill have to
vwork as long.es 1 Bve,
Do or die.
Always be sincere so hat people may have fat in you
T Iike bread and butter for breakfast Hurry up if you
to
dan't wantlate be
others could live v
i) Jesus sacrificed his life sothat He was s o tired hathe could not waik
Time and tide wait for none. ) miser, sometimes he helos other
vil) AJthough he is a

Miles to go before I sleep.

He works harder than
you
viil)
or, and, before, that
Do os I tell you.
are joined by the conjunctions,
so
The above words and clauses

pairs are called Correlative Conjunctions; as, Practice Sheet1

Conjunctions which are used in oppropriate conjunctions
blanks with the
Fll in the
Whether...or.
Eitheror, Neither..nor, Both.and, Not..only, But also, Iam in the right.
you are in the wrong

Conjunctions; as, e 1) off

conjunctions are called Compound in
not paid the bill; his electricity w a s cut
Compound expressions used as he had
he is jealous of everyone
that, as though, so that, as if. He is not a happy
man
3) he himsef sever tock a
hos written so much about wine

however, while are also 4) Omar Khayyom

The words so, but, therefore, since, for, K, although, conjunctions
drop of it
Examples of correlative conjunctions: the best is yet to be.
a fool. 5) Never be disheartened
Either he is an honest man or few thy voice.
6) Give every man thy
ear

He was both pralsed and rewarded, It i l l eat your own heart

i) 7) Never be jealous
alsoa good player.
Not only is he a
topper in his class but 8) You should go.
the school bus comes.
I do not care whether you come or not, he did not want to go school
9) The child was crying- nowadays no-one warts
Neither borrovier nor a lender be. Institutes in the city.
10) There are so many coaching
a

self-study.
Examples of compound conjunctions: you have the will to try again. again.
11) Nothing is lost.
He will not listen to me as ifl om nobody.
12) Hard work - sUccess go together.
) am working hard so that I may SUCceed . a little proud, he was an interesting person.
You can take that book provided that you return it by Monday. 13)
) 14) Let him sleep. _he is sleepy.
He talks as though he Is the boss, not an ordinary clerk.
at home you will find satisfaction everywhere
The Notice was in the Newspaper In order that everyone may know the facts, 15) You keep peace

Solution
Conjunctions are mainly divided into tw/o major cotegorles: 11) 11, and
1) And / but 6) But
a) Co-ordinating conjunctions 2) Because 7) Otherwise 12) And
b) Subordinating conjunctions 3) Because/as 8) Before 13) Although
9) Because 14) As / because
Examples of Co-ordinating conjunctions; 4) But
5 As/ because 10) That 15) And
) Pay your dues and live In peacc,
) He is both a lecturer and an actor.
I knocked at the door but no one answered, PracticeSheet 2 (Conjunctions)
Join each of the following palrs of sentences as one sentence.
He is rlch still he is not happy,
V He has all the resources in the world, yet he Is not succeeding in his efforts.
1) Rita wll go to play, First, she must finish her
V) My bike as punctured; therefore, I could not go to
homework
VIl) He vill achieve what he wants,
college 2) He was fined. He was sent to prison.
for he works hard, 3) It was raining heavily. She went to school
VI) Either Ram or Mohan is the
culprit

A31D
 4) The police arrived. The thief had fled by then.
5 He must leave now. He nay catch the traln. hin prtyt ther
6) I should go now. I will be late. 7 He is going to Mumbal. He vilIt comphete
is your duty
)Tlove you. I wish you to grow up as a nice person. B You must obey your parents.
to educate t h e
8) He wants his son to top the class. He may then get a school scholarship. 9) Reena has tero children. She hasfather He lies in Bombe
Mudit's
Mr. Surendra Sharma is
9 Aditya was very disappointed. He lost his chance to get the gold medal.
10)
10) Zoya is intelligent. She is sensible.
Solutions
1) Sanjeev had a great setback. Now he is recovering.
1 Ireada very interesting story
12) Run away. You will be caught. Newton made many great discoverles
2)
13) Ram is wrong. Mohan is wrong. I ran away.
3) Sceing a snake,
14) She cannot win the prize. She may work day and nlght. the burglar, the girl caught him
4) Running after
15) They do not have much time. The deadline is approaching fast 5) Tired of walking.
he sat down to rest.
16) She is not there. Her mother is not there. 6) He has found a broken vase.
his project, going to Mumbal.
7) He will complete
Solutions to obey your parents.
8) It is your duty
1) First Rita must finish her homework before she goes to her two children
play 9) Reena has to educate
2) He was not only fined but also sent to prison. Surendro Sharma lives in Bombay
10) Mudit's fother Mr.
3) She went to school although It was raining
heavily.
4) The police arrived after the thief had fled. Proctice Sheet 2
5) He must leave now so that he may catch the traln.
Kalidas was a great Sanskrit poet. He was the author of Abhigyan Shakuntalam
6) I should go now otherwise will be late. 1)
I It is the birth place of Lord Krishna.
7) As I love you, I wish you to grow up as a nice 2) The pilgrims reached Mathuro.
person. Prime Minister. He is a great disciplinarian
8) He wants his son to top the class, so that he 3) Hon. Narendra Modi is our
may get a school scholarship. Those things are practicaly chilaishn
9) Aditya was very disappointed because he lost hls 4) Many leaders of all parties promise great things.
chance to get the gold medal. Prime Minister. He was a great scholar.
10) Zoya is intelligent as well as sensible. 5) Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru was our first
6) He does his work. He is quite honest and diligent
11) Sanjeev had a great setback but now he is
recoverlng. home. The night has fallen.
12) Run away or you will be caught. 7) Naman has not reached his
13) Either Ram is wrong or Mohan is wrong. 8) Zoya will succeed. It is sure.
made every effort
14) She cannot win the prize even if she works 9) Mohon did not succeed. He
day and night. 10) He gave me food. He also gave me money.
15) They do not have much time because the
deadline Is approaching fast.
16) Neither she nor her mother is there,
Solutlons
Shakuntalam.
SYNTHESIS 1) Kalidas, the great sanskrit poet wrote Abhigyan
2) The pilgrim reached Mathura, the birthplace of Lord Krishna
Joining or combination of two or more simple sentences Into
3) Hon. Narendra Modi, our Prime Minister is a great disciplinarian.
sentence is called one simple, compound or comple which a r e practically childish
synthesis 4) Many leaders of all parties promise many things
scholar.
5) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, our first Prime Minister was a great
PracticeSheet1 6) He does his work honestly and diligently.
Join the following sentences to make a 7) Naman has not reachediis home even at nightfall.
complete sentence without using and, but or so. 8) Zoya is sure to succeed,
1) Iread story. It was very
a not succeed.
interesting. 9) Even after making all efforts, Mohan did
2) Newton made many dscoveries, 10) He did not only give me food but money also.
They were great.
3) IsaWa snake. I ran
away
4) The girl ran
after the bugler, She caughthim.
5) He was tired of walking. He sat
down to rest.
6) He has found a vase. It was
broken.

5|
 Dr. Alex Desouza Is a great disciplinarian
Practice Sheet 3 ur principal
Veeru,
4)
1love my loyal dog,miserabie because of her mother's death
1) He speaks lies. They look sincere and genuine. very
G) She was which is a blg cíty.
2) The weather was fine. We went for a picnic. in Kanpur
6) He lives
in Mumbal which ls a very crowded city.
3) He was unhappy. He submitted his
resignation 7) They live Unnao, always helps
compassionate man,
Valbhav Pandey the D.M. of
4) She took a pencil. She began to draw a picture. R) Beingavery
5) He saw a llon. He ran away. the needy.

She Is rich
yet unhappy.
6) Arun finished his thesis. He gave it to his professor 9)
the help of a common frlend. OR
U w e n t to patch up my differences with Anil. I will take
gold medal. is rich, she ls unhappy.
work. He awarded hima Although she
8) he principal was pleased with Priyam's
film star.
9) He went to Mumbai. He wanted to meet his favourite store Opened, the customers
rushed in.
soon a s tne
She had heard of his success
In LAS.
Examination. 10) As
10) His grandmother was very happy.

Solutions PracticeSheet5
and genuine.
1) He speaks such lies that they look sincere m i s e r . Don't be a spendthrift.
Don't be a
2) The weather being fine, we went for a picnic. 1)
work honestly.
Leave my service.
3) Being unhappy he submitted his resignation. 2) Do your
You will be late.
Make haste.
OR 3)
coward.
He is a liar. He Is
He submitted his resignation because he was unhappy. 4) cannot see.
It is dark. We
5
pencil, she began to draw picture. died. She was very Sad.
6) Her father
a
4) Taking a
o n e is immortal.
lion, he away.
ran has to die. No
5 Seeing a
7) Everyone
6) Finishing his thesis, Arun gave it to his professors. 8) He is rich. He is generous.
liar.
To patch up my differences with Anil. I will take the help of a common friend. liar. He is a compulsive
7) 9) He isa
B) Pleased with Priyam's work, the principal awarded him a gold medal. hot. I can't go out
now.
10) It is very
9) Wanting to meet his favourite film star, he went to Mumbai.

10) His grandmother was very happy to hear about his success in LA.S. examination.
Solutlons
Neither a miser, nor a spendthrift be.
1)
leave my servlce.
2) Either work honestly or
Practice Sheet 4 Make haste, otherwise you
will be late.
3)
1) Dont try to climb that tree. It Is very high. a coward.
4) Heis not only a liar but also
2) She has a large state. She has to look after it. because it Is darkk
We cannot see

3) Our principal is Dr. Alex Desouza. He is a great disciplinarian. 5

OR
4) Veeru is my loyal dog. I love him.
It being dark, we cannot s e e .
5) Her mother died. She was very miserable.
of her father's death.
6She was very sad because
6) He lives in Kanpur. It is a very big city.
7) They ive in Mumbal. It is a very ) Everyone is mortal.
crowded city.
OR
8) Valbhav Pandey is the D.M. of Unnao. He Is a very compassionate man. He always because no one Is immortal.
helps the needy. Everyone has to die
9) She is rich. She is not hapPPy with belng generous.
8) He is rich along
10) The store opened. All the customers rushed in.
OR
He is not only rich, but also generous,
Solutions
1) Dont try to cllmb that
very high tree. liar but a compuisive llar,
2) She has to look after her large state 9He is not simply a
10) It is too hot for me to go out now

17 Exam