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    Tautology and Fallacy

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    Prince Josis Pablo
    logic and set theory

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    Tautology and Fallacy

    Uploaded by

    Prince Josis Pablo
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    logic and set theory

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    tautology and fallacy

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    logic and set theory

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    10 views2 pages

    Tautology and Fallacy

    Uploaded by

    Prince Josis Pablo
    logic and set theory

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    MATH ED 2 “LOGIC AND SET THEORY”

    Midterm Performance Task: TAUTOLOGY AND FALLACY


    Prince Josis P. Pablo, BSED – MATH 2

    "War on Drugs" was a highly controversial case study in the Philippines, initiated by
    former President Rodrigo Duterte. This campaign in 2016 aimed to eliminate crimes
    related to drugs, but has drawn both local and international criticism for human rights
    abuses, especially the widespread extrajudicial killings.

    1st argument: Thousands of extrajudicial killings occurred, often without due process,
    raising concerns about state-sanctioned violence and impunity for police officer.
    → This argument is neither a tautology nor a fallacy, because it is based on observable
    events and legal principles.

    2nd argument: Critics argue that the campaign disproportionately targeted impoverished
    communities, where most of the casualties were from, while high-profile drug lords were
    rarely apprehended.
    → This argument is a Hasty Generalization fallacy, because they assumed that the
    campaign unfairly targets the poor based on specific cases rather than a comprehensive
    analysis.

    3rd argument: While proponents claim the war successfully reduced crime and drug use,
    opponents argue it focused on small-time offenders rather than dismantling large drug
    syndicates
    → This argument is a False Dilemma fallacy, implying that the war on drugs is either
    effective or ineffective, without acknowledging partial successes or complexities.

    4th argument: The International Criminal Court (ICC) has been investigating Duterte and
    his government for crimes against humanity, arguing that the killings were part of a
    widespread and systematic attack on civilians.
    → There is no fallacy in this argument.

    5th argument: Many believe the killings lacked legal justification, as many suspects were
    killed without being proven guilty or even charged, which violates constitutional rights.
    → This argument represents the Appeal to Emotion fallacy, as it evokes moral outrage
    without fully considering legal or operational complexities.
    6th argument: While the campaign enjoyed significant public support initially, especially
    among those frustrated with crime, human rights groups and the international community
    condemned it, leading to international legal scrutiny.
    → This argument is a Bandwagon fallacy, because they assumed that something is right
    or wrong based on a popular opinion.

    7th argument: There have been reports that police officers involved in the killings were
    often promoted instead of held accountable, reinforcing a culture of impunity within law
    enforcement.
    → There is no fallacy in this argument, because it is based on a report, which is a factual
    evidence.

    8th argument: The Philippine president sees drug dealing and addiction as “major
    obstacles to the Philippines’ economic and social progress.”
    → This argument represents the Appeal to Ignorance fallacy, because he drew
    conclusions without evidence. It could also be a Subjectivism fallacy as he made his
    conclusion based on his personal beliefs.

    9th argument: His rhetoric has been widely understood as an endorsement of


    extrajudicial killings, as it has created conditions for people to feel that it’s appropriate to
    kill drug users and dealers.
    → The fallacy in this argument is an Appeal to Authority, because it created conditions for
    people to feel and believe that his rhetoric is true and acceptable.

    10th argument: Even though some people are concerned about these deaths, they
    support him as a president for his position on other issues.
    → This argument represents the Red Herring fallacy, because it distracts from the primary
    issue (concern on extrajudicial killings) by shifting focus to a different aspect of the
    person’s leadership (support for his position on other issues).

    Reference
    Xu, M. (2016, December 16). Human Rights and Duterte’s War on Drugs. Council on
    Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/interview/human-rights-and-dutertes-war-drugs

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